Different Levels Of Control Research Articles

Hybrid bidirectional quantum communication with different levels of control with simulation

In this paper, we develop a quantum communication protocol for the simultaneous preparation of a two-qubit and a three-qubit state at the positions of two different parties situated spatially apart. For one party, Alice, it is a remote state preparation of a known two-qubit state while for the other party, Bob, it is a joint remote state preparation with the help of a third party, Eve. The protocol is executed in a hybrid form bi-directionally in the presence of two controllers, Charlie and David. There is a hierarchy in the process through different levels of control under which the actions by Alice and Bob are performed. There is a need for a ten-qubit entangled channel connecting the five parties. The generation of this channel through a circuit is discussed. The protocol is executed on the IBM Quantum platform. We also study the effect of noise on our protocol. Here, amplitude-damping, bit-flip and phase-flip noisy environments are considered and the corresponding variations of fidelity are theoretically and numerically analyzed.

Design and implementation of an Autonomous Systems Training Environment framework for control algorithm evaluation in autonomous plant operation

The shortage of trained plant operators who can control complex systems in the process and energy industry is leading to an increasing need for more autonomy of such plants. In future, such systems will be controlled by autonomous agents executing intelligent control algorithms. Due to the critical nature of such plants and processes, new control strategies should not be introduced untested. In order to test suitable algorithms, robust and comprehensive simulation environments are required. In this paper, a framework, called Autonomous Systems Training Environment, is proposed for the evaluation of control algorithms in autonomous plant operations. Furthermore, an exemplary use case for a process engineering system is implemented in Matlab/Simulink, taking into account different levels of control (e.g., regulatory control, operator control, safety control). Faults, which represent a major challenge in the autonomous control, are also considered.

Ocean acidification in the tropical Indian Ocean over the past 37 years: Insights from [formula omitted]11B and B/Ca records in a Maldives coral

Boron isotopes (δ11B) in coral skeletons of Porites have been widely applied to reconstruct past seawater pH (pHSW) on decadal to centennial timescales. However, due to biological regulation within corals, an additional transfer function is required to estimate ambient seawater chemistry during the skeleton growth under the calcification site fluid pH. Temperature may also interfere with coral calcification fluid pH (pHCF) due to changes in kinetics of coral aragonite precipitation, or buffering capacity in coral calcification fluid. To decipher how coral Porites adjusts pHCF in response to pHSW from complex environmental controls, long-term records from sites with least fluctuations in environmental conditions other than pHSW are essential. Here we present a 37-year record of coral δ11B and B/Ca ratios derived from a coral core collected from southern Maldives, the tropical Indian Ocean. Our results show no clear seasonality in the coral δ11B and B/Ca ratios between monsoons, but a long-term decline in coral pHCF is evident across the entire record. When applying different existing transfer functions, we also observe discrepancies among the calculated pHCF values, model results and short-term instrumental data. Calculated calcification fluid dissolved inorganic carbon concentration ([DIC]CF) values are relatively low compared to literature, suggesting that coral calcification fluid carbonate chemistry may be under different levels of control, even within the same coral taxa. Thus, coral records from a wider geographic range are required to better quantify coral response to ocean acidification, and our results can serve as a baseline for future comparisons.

Contradictory findings in the study of emotional false memory: a review on the inadvisability of controlling valence and arousal.

Emotional false memories are the erroneous recollection of events accompanied by an emotional experience. In high-risk domains like psychotherapy and the legal system, emotional false memories are of particular importance. Despite the systematic research conducted on emotional false memories in recent years, findings remain contradictory. Some studies have suggested that negative emotion reduces false memories, while others have suggested that negative emotion increases false memories. Research has mainly employed words and pictures as experimental stimuli, and studies using both types of memory stimuli are reviewed here. From this examination, it emerged that the main reasons for contradictory findings are as follows: (1) different materials have varying effects on inducing false memories, with pictures demonstrating a memory advantage compared to words; (2) recall and recognition tests have been used interchangeably, leading to different false-memory effects depending on the memory test employed; and (3) different studies have adopted different levels of control over valence and arousal when manipulating emotional variables. Future studies should distinguish between the use of different memory materials, examine specific differences in recall and recognition tests, and measure the impact of specific emotions on false memory beyond the dimensions of valence and arousal.

Моделирование установки замедленного коксования в программе MatLab

In order to prevent the occurrence of an emergency situation in the oil and gas industry, it is necessary to use control, automation and alarm systems. In this regard, artificial intelligence technologies have recently become in-creasingly popular. Neural networks are of particular interest. To implement the task of regulating, automating and predicting technological processes in the oil industry, it is possible to use neural network modeling of chemical and technological processes. Examples of using neural network modeling in practice are given. The results of neural network modeling of a delayed coking plant of one of the operating enterprises are presented. A delayed coking installation was modeled in the UniSim Design software package, which allowed us to obtain an initial data array for a neural network. The neural network was built in the MatLab program, and the program code was created. Graphs of error and regression are presented. The analysis of the results presented on the regression and error graphs is given. As a result of testing the model, minimal discrepancies between experimental and predicted data were obtained, which indicates the adequacy of the neural network model. An additional test of the program was also performed. The results of training and testing of the model are presented. The results obtained can later be used to create programs at different levels of control, since the model allows you to estimate the amount of losses during the operation of the installation at a certain flow rate of feed water supplied to the installation as a turbocharger.

Categories of Sport-Environment and Condition of the Sports

This paper explores the relationship between sports and their environment by categorizing sports based on the different level of control exerted over the environment. The four categories of sports environments include total control(sports that will not be affected by surrounding environment), partial control(sports that only with strict regulations of fields and courts but will be affected by climates), framed environmental conditions(sports that have specific restrictions of where to compete), and no control of the environment(sports that take place in natural environments where athletes have no control of environment and climates). This paper examines how each category impacts the players of the sports in terms of gameplay, injury potential, and fairness. Additionally, this paper describes the effects that sports events have on the environment, such as the damaging effects of pollution and noise pollution. Finally, the paper addresses potential solutions that will create a more sustainable relationship between sports and the environment.

PECULIARITIES OF THE RELATIONSHIPS OF FAMILY UPBRINGING STYLES AND PARENTAL ATTITUDES WITH CHILDREN’S FEAR AND ANXIETY

The article presents the results of a study comparing family upbringing strategies with parents’ attitudes towards children, comparing the parenting styles of fathers and mothers, comparing groups of children with different levels of parental control during Russia’s large-scale war in Ukraine. It is noted that during Russia’s large-scale war in Ukraine, the focus of scientific research has been somewhat shifted to vectors related to the peculiarities of experiencing traumatic events by different segments of the population. However, the focus of our research is on changes in the family system in times of adversity. The purpose of our study was to identify the peculiarities of the relationship between family upbringing styles and parental attitudes and the fears and anxiety of primary school children during the war.
 Comparison of the groups of mothers and fathers under study made it possible to see differences in family upbringing strategies. It was found that a higher level of fear and anxiety is observed in children whose parents have a high level of parental control. It has been found that an increase in the level of control and the degree of parental demands that characterize authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles contribute to the growth of child anxiety. 
 Based on the study, the following conclusions were made: the overall childhood anxiety of primary school students is inversely related to the family upbringing strategy, so the increase in the level of control and the degree of parental demands (which subjectively increase during the war), which characterize the authoritarian and authoritative styles of upbringing, contribute to the growth of childhood anxiety.
 Comparing groups of children with different levels of control revealed differences in the level of fear and anxiety. Given that the parents studied showed oppositely high rates of authoritarian, authoritative (mothers) and indifferent (fathers) parenting styles, it is argued that the difference in parenting styles is one of the leading psychological factors of anxiety in primary school children during war. 
 This was also confirmed by the results of factor analysis, which revealed one factor – control and negative attitude to the child’s failures (high demands), and another factor – cooperation and emotional acceptance as a prevention of anxiety.

Small-Molecule Regulators for Gene Switches to Program Mammalian Cell Behaviour.

Synthetic or natural small molecules have been extensively employed as trigger signals or inducers to regulate engineered gene circuits introduced into living cells in order to obtain desired outputs in a controlled and predictable manner. Here, we provide an overview of small molecules used to drive synthetic-biology-based gene circuits in mammalian cells, together with examples of applications at different levels of control, including regulation of DNA manipulation, RNA synthesis and editing, and protein synthesis, maturation, and trafficking. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of these small-molecule-responsive gene circuits, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of using small molecules as triggers, the mechanisms involved, and the requirements for selecting suitable molecules, including efficiency, specificity, orthogonality, and safety. Finally, we explore potential future directions for translation of these devices to clinical medicine.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНИХ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЦІЛЕВКАЗАННЯ

The justification of the need to improve the automated control process in the system of automatic targeting testing is presented. The modern Armed Forces of Ukraine use means of automation at all levels of command of the troops and managing the means of defeat. In parallel with the automation of the management process at all levels, the shadows of recent years indicate a shift of attention towards the lower management levels. The command systems at these levels collect, process and analyse information necessary to optimize the management of the actual combat assets. The specific fire task to combat crew, its transfer and delivery to the contractor is an important point in the process of such control. A central part of the task statement is targeting i.e. a brief, clear and understandable message about the location of the target and other information about it. The guaranteed transmission of target instruction from any level of control to the means of destruction is one of the directions of development and improvement of automated control systems for military purposes. The automated method for achieving the target-setting provides a minimum time for setting the firing task and carrying it out. However, in order for it to be revived, information on the full identification of targets at the different levels of control and sufficiently accurate information on the location of its forces and assets is necessary. In many cases, the dynamic properties of such control systems are described by high-order differential equations. The implementation of optimal speed in such cases faces a number of technical difficulties related to the need to calculate and implement the number of intervals of control action.The number of intervals is equal to the order of the differential equation of the system. In this case, it is advisable to move to a quasi-optimal control with the number of controls switching equal to three. Reducing the number of switches will not only simplify the functions of the microprocessor in such a control system, but also increase its reliability. Optimum system theory illuminates the way forward and points to unused reserves of existing automatic control systems. The development of mathematical theory is largely determined by the development of methods of synthesis of optimal systems. Bellman R. and Feldbaum O. first formulated and proved the theorem of n intervals or n switching by control systems. According to the n interval theorem, the number of switches can be reduced by replacing the n-order control system with an equivalent lower-order system. According to the hypothesis of Academician A.Y. Ishlinsky, a third-order system can be found for any n-order system. The paper presents a numerical experiment confirming the hypothesis of Academician A.Y. Ishlinsky about the possibility of presenting a high-order system equivalent to a third-order system. The problem of identifying the dynamics of technological processes is solved by acceleration curves. The use of direct numerical methods is limited in some cases by the inability to implement the input of the required form. In this case, object identification is carried out by a conventional differential equation of order 4. A type of differential equation of order 3 is also known. The values of the parameters at which the solutions of the differential equations of order 4 and order 3 are most closely related are found. To solve the problem, the Nelder-Mead method is used. The solution of the original differential equation is proposed to be found by the Runge-Kutt-Merson method. The obtained results make it possible to simplify the process of object management in the systems of automatic targeting testing. The numerical experiments carried out confirmed the conjecture of Academician A.Y. Ishlinsky that the n-order system can be represented by an equivalent system of order 3. Thus, to reduce the time required to collect, process and analyze information necessary for the management of combat assets.

Fitness cost associated with cell phenotypic switching drives population diversification dynamics and controllability

Isogenic cell populations can cope with stress conditions by switching to alternative phenotypes. Even if it can lead to increased fitness in a natural context, this feature is typically unwanted for a range of applications (e.g., bioproduction, synthetic biology, and biomedicine) where it tends to make cellular response unpredictable. However, little is known about the diversification profiles that can be adopted by a cell population. Here, we characterize the diversification dynamics for various systems (bacteria and yeast) and for different phenotypes (utilization of alternative carbon sources, general stress response and more complex development patterns). Our results suggest that the diversification dynamics and the fitness cost associated with cell switching are coupled. To quantify the contribution of the switching cost on population dynamics, we design a stochastic model that let us reproduce the dynamics observed experimentally and identify three diversification regimes, i.e., constrained (at low switching cost), dispersed (at medium and high switching cost), and bursty (for very high switching cost). Furthermore, we use a cell-machine interface called Segregostat to demonstrate that different levels of control can be applied to these diversification regimes, enabling applications involving more precise cellular responses.

Cutoff Values of MASK-air Patient-Reported Outcome Measures

In clinical and epidemiological studies, cutoffs of patient-reported outcome measures can be used to classify patients into groups of statistical and clinical relevance. However, visual analog scale (VAS) cutoffs in MASK-air have not been tested. To calculate cutoffs for VAS global, nasal, ocular, and asthma symptoms. In a cross-sectional study design of all MASK-air participants, we compared (1) approaches based on the percentiles (tertiles or quartiles) of VAS distributions and (2) data-driven approaches based on clusters of data from 2 comparators (VAS work and VAS sleep). We then performed sensitivity analyses for individual countries and for VAS levels corresponding to full allergy control. Finally, we tested the different approaches using MASK-air real-world cross-sectional and longitudinal data to assess the most relevant cutoffs. We assessed 395,223 days from 23,201 MASK-air users with self-reported allergic rhinitis. The percentile-oriented approach resulted in lower cutoff values than the data-driven approach. We obtained consistent results in the data-driven approach. Following the latter, the proposed cutoff differentiating "controlled" and "partly-controlled" patients was similar to the cutoff value that had been arbitrarily used (20/100). However, a lower cutoff was obtained to differentiate between "partly-controlled" and "uncontrolled" patients (35 vs the arbitrarily-used value of 50/100). Using a data-driven approach, we were able to define cutoff values for MASK-air VASs on allergy and asthma symptoms. This may allow for a better classification of patients with rhinitis and asthma according to different levels of control, supporting improved disease management.

PickingDK: A Framework for Industrial Bin-Picking Applications

This work presents an industrial bin-picking framework for robotics called PickingDK. The proposed framework employs a plugin based architecture, which allows it to integrate different types of sensors, robots, tools, and available open-source software and state-of-the-art methods. It standardizes the bin-picking process with a unified workflow based on generally defined plugin interfaces, which promises the hybridization of functional/virtual plugins for fast prototyping and proof-of-concept. It also offers different levels of controls according to the user’s expertise. The presented use cases demonstrate flexibility when building bin-picking applications under PickingDK framework and the convenience of exploiting hybrid style prototypes for evaluating specific steps in a bin-picking system, such as parameter fine-tuning and picking cell design.

Büyüyen Japon Bıldırcınlarında Rasyona Bacillus subtilis İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Organ Ağırlıkları ve Bazı Serum Parametrelerine Etkileri

This study was carried out to determine the effects of Bacillus subtilis addition to growing Japanese quail diets on growth performance, some serum parameters and carcass parameters. In the study, a total of 200 mixed-sex Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks were fed for 35 days with diets formed with the addition of different levels of control and Bacillus subtilis (250, 500, 750 mg/kg). The study was carried out in 4 treatment groups with 5 replications. At the end of the experiment, Bacillus subtilis levels did not affect the feed intake and feed conversation ratio, which are performance parameters, but affected the body weight and body weight gain statistically significantly. The addition of Bacillus subtilis to the diets of growing Japanese quails showed that glucose and creatinine concentrations were significantly affected, and urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, phosphorus and calcium values were not affected by the treatment levels. Among the carcass parameters, carcass yield, liver weight, pancreas weight, heart weight, gizzard weight and intestinal length did not statistically differ between the treatment groups. According to the results of the present study, it can be said that the addition of Bacillus subtilis at the level of 500 mg/kg to growing quail diets may be beneficial in terms of improving performance.

Antibiotic-producing Micrococcales govern the microbiome that inhabits the fur of two- and three-toed sloths.

Sloths have a dense coat on which insects, algae and fungi coexist in a symbiotic relationship. This complex ecosystem requires different levels of controls; however, most of these mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated the bacterial communities inhabiting the hair of two- (Choloepus Hoffmanni) and three-toed (Bradypus variegatus) sloths and evaluated their potential for producing antibiotic molecules capable of exerting control over the hair microbiota. The analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon sequence variants revealed that the communities in both host species are dominated by Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes. The most abundant genera were Brevibacterium, Kocuria/Rothia, Staphylococcus, Rubrobacter, Nesterenkonia and Janibacter. Furthermore, we isolated nine strains of Brevibacterium and Rothia capable of producing substances that inhibited the growth of common mammalian pathogens. The analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters of these nine isolates suggests that the pathogen-inhibitory activity could be mediated by the presence of siderophores, terpenes, beta-lactones, Type III polyketide synthases, ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides, non-alpha poly-amino acids like e-Polylysine, ectoine or non-ribosomal peptides. Our data suggest that Micrococcales that inhabit sloth hair could have a role in controlling microbial populations in that habitat, improving our understanding of this highly complex ecosystem.

Bidirectional Quantum Transmission with Different Levels of Control

Bidirectional Quantum Transmission with Different Levels of Control

A Taxonomy for Levels of Automation based on the Industrial Revolutions

Level of Automation (LoA) refers to the level of task planning and performance interaction maintained between human operators and computers in controlling a complex system. Different taxonomies for LoA have been introduced since the end of the 1950s. However, a taxonomy that can be applied independently from the application domain has not been proposed yet. Considering that the concepts related to the control science apply independently from the application domain, this work illustrates a taxonomy for LoA that relies on the different levels of control introduced within each industrial revolution. Furthermore, two hands-on laboratories are proposed to support the teaching of the taxonomy to students with different academic backgrounds. In order to be validated, the proposed taxonomy and the hands-on laboratories were respectively introduced and tested in a bachelor degree course. This validation process showed that the taxonomy has the potential to provide a common vocabulary and systematic view that can support the design of engineering systems that integrate humans and technologies, and education concerning the industrial revolutions. Additionally, the hands-on laboratories resulted to facilitate the comprehension of the taxonomy and to enhance students’ motivation, even for students from careers different from the engineering ones.

The effect of control deprivation on consumers’ adoption of no-pain, no-gain principle

Consumers often base their judgments on a no-pain, no-gain principle—that is, one must pay a cost in order to achieve a beneficial outcome. For example, they infer the quality of a product from its price and judge a bad-tasting medicine to be more effective than a tasty one. Although the use of this principle to infer the value of a product or service has been observed in several domains, the processes that underlie its use have not been fully explored. We find that when people feel out of control, they tend to use the principle because it exemplifies a causal relationship between actions and outcomes and endorsing it reaffirms their belief that they have control over the outcomes of their behavior. Our findings have implications for how marketers might position products and services to attract consumers who perceive themselves as having different levels of control.

How Wisdom Emerges from Intellectual Development: A Developmental/Historical Theory for Raising Mandelas.

This paper invokes cognitive developmental theory as a means for preparing citizens to deal with and resolve conflicts within or across nations. We take the centuries-old Greek–Turkish dispute as an example. We first outline a theory of intellectual development postulating that mental changes emerge in response to changing developmental priorities in successive life periods, namely, interaction control in infancy, attention control and representational awareness in preschool, inferential control and cognitive management in primary school, and advanced forms of reasoning and self-evaluation in adolescence. Based on this model, we outline a control theory of wisdom postulating that different aspects of wisdom emerge during development as different levels of control of relations with others: trust and care for others in infancy, taking the other’s perspective, reflectivity, and empathy in preschool, rationality and understanding the rules underlying individual and group interactions in primary school, and understanding the general principles of societal operation explaining the differences in approach and interest between groups in adolescence and early adulthood. We also outline the educational implications of this theory for the education of citizens by capitalizing on intellectual strengths at successive developmental periods to comprehensively understand the world and to act prudently when dealing with interpersonal and social or national conflict. Finally, the paper discusses the political constraints and implications of this theory. This is the first attempt to derive wisdom from the development of cognitive and personality processes from infancy through early adulthood and to connect it to serious world problems.

If they could choose: How would dogs spend their days? Activity patterns in four populations of domestic dogs

Although free-roaming domestic dogs (FRDD) constitute the majority of the dog population worldwide, many aspects of their ecology across habitats are little known. Activity budgets by these dogs may also inform management decisions for domestic dogs in human hands. Here we collected data on the activity patterns of owned FRDD from Guatemala (n = 58) and Indonesia (n = 37), and of farm dogs (n = 11) and family dogs (n = 20) in Switzerland. The FRDD from the two countries and the Swiss farm dogs shared the similarity that although they had owners, they spent most or all of the day outside without confinement. Conversely, activity in family dogs is largely controlled by their owners. This cross-continental study thus allowed us to tease apart environmental effects on dogs’ activity from effects due to different levels of control by humans. Dogs were collared with FitBark activity trackers, which measure 3D acceleration, for 2.4–7 days. Activity for each dog was defined as the sum of BarkPoints (a continuous activity metric recorded by the FitBark tracker), calculated for each hour in the 24-hour cycle. The proportion of time resting, in ‘moderate’ and ‘high’ activity (defined by fixed thresholds of BarkPoints) over 24 h was calculated for each dog. The activity patterns of all dogs that (partly) roam freely, i.e. owned FRDD in Guatemala and Indonesia and Swiss farm dogs, showed two peaks over 24 h during 5:00–7:00 h and, less pronounced, 16:00–19:00 h. Such a bimodal activity pattern, which is also observed in other canine species, could only be detected in 45% of the family dogs. Their activity is more dependent on the owners’ daily routines and predominantly showed one high mid-day peak that often changes from day to day. Swiss dogs spent significantly more time resting and less time with ‘moderate’ activity than the owned FRDD. However, family dogs were significantly more often highly active than all other dog groups and compensated with longer resting periods. Activity decreased significantly with age, neutering and increased body condition score, whereas sex did not have any significant influence on activity. Within this study, similarities, but also differences of the activity pattern between owned FRDD and pet dogs could be revealed. Although overall activity levels of the pet dog sample fall in the range of those observed in the less controlled FRDD, it would be of interest to investigate the potential benefit of a more structured daily schedule on pet dogs in future studies.

A meta-analytic test of multiplicative and additive models of job demands, resources, and stress.

Multiplicative and additive theoretical models have been proposed to explain how job demands and job resources (e.g., job control, social support) relate to strain. However, there has been mixed support for the multiplicative model, and there are questions about the generalizability of both models to strains varying in severity and type, and to different types of demands. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of regression coefficients testing the multiplicative and additive models from 77 unique samples and over 141,505 participants, using raw data or correlation matrices supplied by study authors. Overall, we found weak support for the multiplicative model and some support for the additive model. We found that job demands and job control/social support were all weakly to moderately related to employee strain. However, neither the job demands-control nor job demands-social support interactions were meaningfully related to strain in almost all cases. The components of the additive model were more strongly related to primary and tertiary strain indicators than secondary indicators and were more strongly related to psychological strain than to physical or behavioral strain. Both the additive and multiplicative models were more strongly related to strain when demands are conceptualized as hindrances rather than challenges. Meta-analyses of the simple slopes showed that job control and social support generally buffered the effects of job demands on strain, but the effects were weak and not significantly different across different levels of control and support. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as future research directions, are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).