Different Kinds Of Movements Research Articles

Ordering discontinuous varvec{varphi }-feature agree: verbal -s in North Eastern English

North Eastern English differs from Standard English with respect to agreement: According to the Northern Subject Rule, 3sg agreement marking (verbal -s) occurs on verbs in clauses with non-3sg subjects provided that they are not personal pronouns adjacent to the verb. However, data from the Diachronic Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English shows that verbal -s also does not occur with non-adjacent personal pronouns subjects in contemporary North Eastern English. I argue that verbal -s with non-pronominal non-3sg subjects follows from two conceptual assumptions: firstly, the requirement to order feature-driven elementary operations and secondly, splitting up upvarphi -Agree into two separate operations (i.e., person and number Agree). The difference in agreement between North Eastern English and Standard English stems from the different ordering of features on T. In Standard English, person and number probes are ordered before the structure building feature, which triggers movement. In the North Eastern English order, however, the structure-building feature intervenes between the two probe features. The full DP/pronoun split is explained by different kinds of movement: In the case of a full DP, subject movement to Spec/TP bleeds number agreement and verbal -s emerges, while pronominal subjects remain in the c-command domain of T because they head-move to T.

How Does Law Prescribe Circulation of Children? Understanding Different Kinds of Movement Within the Adoption Law in India

This article looks at how adoption law prescribes correct contexts for the legitimate movement of children. It is specifically an analysis of the Adoption Regulation of India, 2017, and the Juvenile Justice Act 2015, and the way in which they warrant three kinds of movement of children through adoption: ‘abandonment’/’surrender’, ‘return’ and ‘giving and taking’. By investigating the precise way in which law formulates definition of these terms, this article attempts to understand how legal terminology comes to affect the kind of sites that the biological family, the state and the adoptive family end up becoming.

A modified social force model with different categories of pedestrians for subway station evacuation

With the extensive construction of rail tunnels, the subway has gradually become the most widely used means of public transport. As important transportation hubs, the evacuation capacity of subway stations is especially significant. An accurate prediction model can efficiently reduce the evacuation time, and the social force (SF) model is one of the most widely used evacuation models. Almost all past research based on the SF model has focused on a single model for pedestrians. However, in this research, based on different force models, a crowd is divided into three categories that have different kinds of movement based on different force models. The first category of pedestrians, namely luggage-laden pedestrians, is characterized by a lower velocity and large radii. The second category of pedestrians is ordinary pedestrians. The final category of pedestrians comprises panic pedestrians, who choose an angle at which to overtake the pedestrians in front of them. Simulations are performed based on different proportions of these three categories of pedestrians, and it is found that with the increase of the proportions of luggage-laden and panic pedestrians, the evacuation time is also increased; this phenomenon could not be observed with the original SF model. The performance of the modified SF model is then tested in a passage with a bottleneck, and it is found that the interaction between panic pedestrians and luggage-laden pedestrians greatly increases the difficulty of evacuation. The number of luggage-laden pedestrians is found to be the controllable factor that leads to an increase of the evacuation time at the evacuation bottlenecks. Therefore, solutions like warning signs at evacuation bottlenecks should be implemented.

3D Printing of Magnetoresponsive Polymeric Materials with Tunable Mechanical and Magnetic Properties by Digital Light Processing

AbstractDigital light processing is used for printing magnetoresponsive polymeric materials with tunable mechanical and magnetic properties. Mechanical properties are tailored, from stiff to soft, by combining urethane‐acrylate resins with butyl acrylate as the reactive diluent. The magnetic response of the printed samples is tuned by changing the Fe3O4 nanoparticle loading up to 6 wt%. Following this strategy, magnetoresponsive active components are fabricated with programmable complex functions using external magnetic fields. Different objects are printed exhibiting varying stiffness and magnetic responses, probing different kinds of movements, such as rolling, translation, stretching, shape‐shifting, and folding/unfolding.

Unseen suffering: slow violence and the phenomenological structure of social problems

Social scientists have severed social problems from the study of framing work in social movements. This article proposes to rejoin problems and framing work via attention to the phenomenological structure of social problems. By describing basic 1) temporal, 2) spatial, and 3) experiential features of social problems, we facilitate comparisons of different kinds of movements across distinct historical periods and regions. The approach is demonstrated via the example of “slow violence” (Nixon 2011)—suffering that develops gradually across time and extends across space as well as disproportionately afflicts disempowered people. A comparison of two very different historical cases—environmental justice advocacy in the wake of the Union Carbide disaster in Bhopal, India and consumer activism in early twentieth-century America—illustrates how slow violence presents parallel issues with respect to representing the problem and identifying the culprits. On this basis, the argument demonstrates parallels among disparate social movements by including the analysis of the phenomenological structure of social problems into comparative studies of framing work in movements. As such, this article presents analytical possibilities for incorporating experiences of social problems into the study of framing work and social movements.

Funzioni e grafici in ambienti digitali e dinamici

In this paper we present a study on the formation of meanings about the notion of mathematical function and graphic representations in dynamic geometrical environment; we also describe a didactic activity on functions centered on the management of different graphics andverbal representations of real functions of real variable. The dynamic geometry environments allow the construction of dynamic graphics (dynagraphs) and the realization of functional dependency by means of two different kinds of movement, direct and indirect, of points that represent independent and dependent variables. The continuous effort of students in describing the dynamic graphics and their observations during their dragging promoted the use of particular terms and, in general, of signs that were shared in the classroom and were linked to each other in order to formulate progressively more complex expressions and more advanced mathematical meanings.

Planetary mobilities: movement, memory and emergence in the body of the Earth

In this paper, I present a unified framework for understanding abiotic, biotic and technological mobilities as achievements of a far-from-equilibrium planet self-organising over geological time, and generating informationally rich forms of matter and motion. I discuss how flows of energy through the Earth support the emergence of different kinds of movement in spatially distinct ‘mobility regions’ and scale-related ‘mobility situations’. I also discuss how technological mobilities exhibit forms of ‘gratuity’, a relative uncoupling of different aspects of motion, which have arisen repeatedly in the Earth’s past, and may presage the emergence of radically new forms of planetary mobility.

EP 111. Phase-locking analysis of EEG-data in movement related tasks reveals functional network of synchronous activity

The performance of motor actions is a highly complex task where the movement of different body parts has to be coordinated by the activity of various brain regions. In particular, the interplay of brain regions of the motor cortex is crucial. In the study presented here, the interaction of different motor related brain regions during simple internally and externally initiated finger movements was investigated during preparation and execution of those movements. To this end, EEG data (64 channel system) were recorded from 18 right-handed healthy participants (22–35 years, 10 female). The participants performed a finger tapping paradigm that contained left and right index finger movements which were triggered either by a visual cue or by voluntary choice. We carried out inter-regional phase-locking analysis of Morlet wavelet phases in delta-theta (2–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) frequency bands of the Laplacian referenced EEG data in order to identify coupling between brain regions during the motor task. We analyzed connectivity in a network involving electrodes lying above the premotor areas (PM: FC3, FC4), the supplementary motor areas (SMA: Cz, FCz) and the primary motor cortex (M1: C3, C4) as nodes. We found significant changes of synchronization in the delta-theta frequency band during both movement preparation and execution. The construction of lateralization networks revealed that the phase-locking effect in these frequency bands was stronger for connections from motor regions to supplementary motor areas contralaterally to the moving hand than on the ipsilateral side. The interregional synchronizations appeared only when both regions showed strong intraregional phase locking. Thus, intraregional phase locking in the delta-theta frequencies seems to be a prerequisite for interregional phase locking. We hypothesize that both intra- and interregional phase locking form a functional network of synchronous activity. This activity enhances the excitability of the motor system so that transient cue signals are able to induce different kinds of movements during movement preparation. Additionally we found strong synchronization in the beta-frequency band that appeared after the movement has been executed for connections from the supplementary motor areas to the primary motor cortex and the pre-motor cortex contralaterally to the moving hand. Since this synchronization effect is expressed significantly stronger during the self-initiated than during visually-triggered finger movements, we suggest that it might be related to the suppression of the internal “go” cue after the movement was executed.

Glistening Gallery

The shimmering curves of the new Len Lye Centre, in New Plymouth, New Zealand, draw crowds to the museum, which is devoted to the works of an artist known for his kinetic sculptures. But it was different kinds of movement—of the physical plant to the top floor and of the patrons as they would circulate through the unusual structure—that challenged the engineers.

Predictive classification of self-paced upper-limb analytical movements with EEG.

The extent to which the electroencephalographic activity allows the characterization of movements with the upper limb is an open question. This paper describes the design and validation of a classifier of upper-limb analytical movements based on electroencephalographic activity extracted from intervals preceding self-initiated movement tasks. Features selected for the classification are subject specific and associated with the movement tasks. Further tests are performed to reject the hypothesis that other information different from the task-related cortical activity is being used by the classifiers. Six healthy subjects were measured performing self-initiated upper-limb analytical movements. A Bayesian classifier was used to classify among seven different kinds of movements. Features considered covered the alpha and beta bands. A genetic algorithm was used to optimally select a subset of features for the classification. An average accuracy of 62.9 ± 7.5% was reached, which was above the baseline level observed with the proposed methodology (30.2 ± 4.3%). The study shows how the electroencephalography carries information about the type of analytical movement performed with the upper limb and how it can be decoded before the movement begins. In neurorehabilitation environments, this information could be used for monitoring and assisting purposes.

Brain motion and volume transmission: Keeping the interstice flowing

Human brain undergoes two different kinds of movements: subtle pulsatile ones associated with the cardiac cycle and others of a greater magnitude related to breathing activity. These motions constitute a pumping force for the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Moreover, brain motion (BM) plays a fundamental role as a driving force for the interstitial and CSF flow of tracers. We hypothesize that BM is more than a mere consequence of cardiac and respiratory activities; that it would be part of a fundamental physiological mechanism by propelling the interstitial flow of messengers, a mechanism also known as ‘non-synaptic transmission’ or ‘volume transmission’ (VT). Intracranial hypertension (ICH), a frequent complication of severe head trauma, is related to brain stiffness. Under this circumstance, not only brain perfusion could be at risk, but BM could be engaged as well. Decompressive craniectomy, presently indicated to reduce ICH refractory to medical treatment, could play a role in helping BM and VT. Once brain swelling is overcome, the closure of the cranial bone defect would ensure the recovery of the spatial and temporal patterns of BM. We discuss evidence supportive of the necessary role of a minimal and sequential BM for an adequate VT.

Trajectory Optimization for Full-Body Movements with Complex Contacts

This paper presents the first method for full-body trajectory optimization of physics-based human motion that does not rely on motion capture, specified key-poses, or periodic motion. Optimization is performed using a small set of simple goals, for example, one hand should be on the ground, or the center-of-mass should be above a particular height. These objectives are applied to short spacetime windows which can be composed to express goals over an entire animation. Specific contact locations needed to achieve objectives are not required by our method. We show that the method can synthesize many different kinds of movement, including walking, hand walking, breakdancing, flips, and crawling. Most of these movements have never been previously synthesized by physics-based methods.

Kan naturkundskab bane vej for religion? Introduktion til Ludvig Feilbergs psykologi og Levelære

The topic of this article is the psychology and teaching of the Danish psychologist, philosopher and poet Ludvig Feilberg (1849- 1912). Feilberg described how, in the human body and mind, two basically different kinds of movement act as forces in opposite directions. He conjectured that these two kinds of forces give rise to two modes of consciousness (nonreflexive and reflexive consciousness). By appropriate use of the basic functions of consciousness we may facilitate its ability to organize itself, thereby making psychological and mental development possible by transformations of the mind. Feilberg experienced that nature is able to open our mind to infinity and eternity. In this, and in other ways, nature may lead us towards or into religion. In view of present-day science it is possible to explain many of Feilberg´s observations, which renders his psychology more readily applicable. Key words: Spontaneity – creation – re-creation – vitalization – organisation – transformation – reflection – life – nature – religion.

The expression of movement in architecture

‘Movement’ in Architecture can mean different things, and the idea of ‘expressed movement’ has, alone, been variously conceived. This article attempts to distinguish between these notions and propose a taxonomy. Two general categories are defined: ‘contained movement’, where it is not the architecture that is thought of as moving, but the eye, mind, imagined body or forces; and ‘represented movement’, where there is an implication or illusion that the architecture is in motion. It is argued that different kinds of movement often work together. These ideas are illustrated and situated through a brief historiographical survey, first outlining the tradition of discussing expressed movement in western architecture, then extending to writings on the arts and architecture of India. An analysis of movement in Indian temple architecture is put forward in order to demonstrate how an interpretation of a particular kind of architecture in terms of specific movement patterns can be substantiated, primarily by communicating these patterns unambiguously through visual means. Finally, current thinking about architectural movement is touched upon. It is suggested that openness to the diversity of conceptions of how movement is expressed may both sharpen the analysis of architecture and extend the possibilities for its creation.

Does dispersal control population densities in advection‐dominated systems? A fresh look at critical assumptions and a direct test

1. In advection-dominated systems (both freshwater and marine), population dynamics are usually presumed to be dominated by the effects of migrants dispersing by advection, especially over the small spatial scales at which populations can be studied, but few studies have tested this presumption. We tested the hypothesis that benthic densities are controlled by densities of dispersers for two aquatic insects in upland streams. 2. Our study animals were two species of caddisflies (Hydropsychidae), which become sedentary filter-feeders following settlement onto substrata. Densities of dispersers in the drift (advective dispersal) were quantified using nets placed along the upstream edges of riffles, where the latter abruptly abutted a slower, upstream run. Settlement was estimated at each site using brick pavers, half of which had been fenced to prevent colonization of their top surfaces by walking hydropsychids, thus allowing us to distinguish also the mode of movement during settlement. 3. First through fifth instars of two species, Smicrophylax sp. AV2 and Asmicridea sp. AV1, were abundant and showed disparate results. Drift and settlement were relatively strongly related for Smicrophylax. The best fit lines were shown by second and third instars settling on plain bricks, suggesting that drift played a strong role in settlement, but that some drifters dropped to the bottom and located substrata by walking. Quantile regression suggested that drift sets limits to settlement in this species and that settlement success was highly variable. In contrast, settlement by Asmicridea was poorly related to drift; settlers were mainly individuals re-dispersing within sites. 4. Smicrophylax densities appear to be controlled by dispersal from upstream, but benthic density of Asmicridea is more likely linked to local demography. Our data demonstrate the dangers of assuming that supposedly drift-prone species can all be modelled in the same way. Alternative models emphasizing little or different kinds of movement should be considered. Variability in oviposition coupled with weak dispersal, for example, is a viable alternative hypothesis to explain variation in benthic density along channels. Moreover, the constraints on settlement of Smicrophylax show that immigrants into sites can be in short supply, an hypothesis rarely considered in stream research.

Conceptual Framework for Modeling Dynamic Paths from Natural Language Expressions

AbstractText documents frequently contain descriptions of different kinds of movements by individual persons, groups, animals, vehicles, or other moving objects. Comprehending and modeling the semantics of movement is an area of interest for geographic information science. In this article, we show how text documents that contain movement verbs can be analyzed for deriving representations of movement or dynamic paths. A conceptual framework is presented that provides the foundations necessary for deriving dynamic paths automatically from natural language descriptions and representing these dynamic paths in an information system, such as a geographic information system. In this research, a linguistic analysis of dynamic paths is presented and linked to a spatiotemporal representation of paths. We show how movement descriptions in text can be mapped to a set of elemental components including source, destination, route, direction, distance, start time, end time, and duration. Together, this set of path components captures the spatiotemporal characteristics of the path of a moving object as described using natural language. A systematic examination of these components builds a foundation for understanding more complex scenarios involving discourse (composed of consecutive sentences). Additional aspects reflecting important semantics about the movement characteristics of objects and discussed here are the shape of the path and granularity of modeling.

Dumbbell transport and deflection in a spatially periodic potential

We present theoretical results on the deterministic and stochastic motion of a dumbbell carried by a uniform flow through a three-dimensional spatially periodic potential. Depending on parameters like the flow velocity, there are two different kinds of movement: transport along a potential valley and a stair-like motion oblique to the potential trenches. The crossover between these two regimes, as well as the deflection angle, depend on the size of the dumbbell. Moreover, thermal fluctuations cause a resonance-like variation in the deflection angle as a function of the dumbbell extension.

New International Mobility of Poles

Since the fall of the Iron Curtain, societies in Central and Eastern Europe have been engaged in a process of increasing mobility - among them, the Poles especially. This mobility is complex, and embraces different kinds of movements. This papers aims to replace Pole’s mobility in the light of theoretical explanation frameworks. It presents the problems raised by the statistical measure of mobility. The paper then focuses on the international mobility of the Poles: labor migration, and tourism trips. It delivers an analysis of the sociological feature of migrants and tourists, and of the means of transport used by them.

How Many Measurement Times for Probe Reaction Time could be Yielded Optimum and Reliability?

[Purpose] This study examined the reliability of measurement of the probe reaction time (P-RT) in different types of repetitive movement. Also the study tried to determine the optimal number of times P-RT should be taken to yield reliable measurements. [Subjects] Ten subjects (7 males, 3 females) measured on two consecutive days. [Methods] Six different types of movements were tested including rest sitting position, marking time on sitting, marking time on standing, walking, tapping with the non-dominant hand at 1 Hz and 4 Hz. Simple reaction time (SRT) and P-RT movements were measured 10 times. [Results] The results show that the P-RT of marking time on sitting position, marking time on standing, walking, tapping with the non-dominant hand at 1 Hz and tapping 4 Hz had high interclass correlation coefficients. Further analysis showed that there were significant correlations among the six different kinds of movements, and that the 3rd time measurement could yield the optimal results. [Conclusion] In the clinical field, especially for the patients who are not able to walk or stand and weak people, the number of times of testing for P-RT could be reduced for each the six movements.

Physics in context—a means to encourage student interest in physics

Physics instruction that is student oriented will generate a long-term individual interestand therefore a lifelong openness to science. Phenomena of nature are part ofthe fields of interest which provide context leading to greater student interest.In this paper we present the locomotion of fish and sperm in a way which can be used toteach in physics classes. For the development of the topic, a free computer simulation canbe downloaded, which illustrates the different kinds of movement pertaining to fish:paddling, oscillation and undulation. The physics of the three different kinds of movementis explained in the simulation by demonstrating the force vectors that are relevant.