Different Kinds Of Fibers Research Articles

Influence of type of fibers on the properties of high performance cement-based composites

In this work twenty fiber reinforced cement-based composites (FRCCs) were studied, in which CaO-based expansive agent was used. Five different kinds of fibers were added, three hooked metallic: steel, zinc-coated and brass-coated; two plastic: corrugated polypropylene (PP) and hooked polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers. All the twenty mixtures, as well as a reference mixture without fibers, were characterized by recording fresh consistency, compressive and flexural strength, as well as drying shrinkage strains. Results obtained showed an improved flexural strength if high dosage of CaO-based expansive agent is used with either zinc or brass-coated fibers. The reason could be the formation of calcium hydroxide zincate (CHZ) crystals at the interface between fibers and cement paste promoted by alkaline environment. These CHZ crystals were observed by SEM, and they are likely able to enhance the quality of the interface fiber-matrix by increasing adhesion. On the other hand, the use of CaO seemed to accelerate PET fiber degradation due to alkaline hydrolysis leading to reduced FRCC mechanical performance. When used in the presence of either PP fibers or steel hooked fibers, CaO produced insignificant effects on mechanical performance. Finally, drying shrinkage was reduced due to the addition of CaO, whichever the type of fiber used.

Studying the properties of heat cure acrylic resin after reinforced with polyamide fibers treated with plasma (oxygen gas)

Background: In prosthodontic dentistry, Heat cure acrylic resin is the most popular denture base material. This material still requires different methods of reinforcement .One of which can be the addition of different kind of fibers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of plasma treated polyamide fibers on some properties of heat cure acrylic resin. Materials and methods: All specimens were prepared from heat cure acrylic resin. plasma treated polyamide fibers were added in different concentration as follow (0% no fibers control, 2%, 5% &7%).These fibers were treated with a plasma oxygen gas for two times 5min and 10 min .The properties of these specimens were evaluated through the following test: Transverse strength, Impact strength, Indentation hardness and surface roughness. Statistical analysis of data was done using ANOVA test. Results: In heat cure acrylic specimens reinforced with plasma treated polyamide fiber for 10 min , the highest mean values of Transverse strength and Impact strength (78.5+3.100)Mpa,( 7.821+0.763)KJ/m2 respectively. These results observed in specimens contain (5%) of fiber. Also, the effect of polyamide fiber treated with oxygen gas for 5 min increases transverse strength and impact strength. ANOVA test results revealed a non-significance difference among groups of specimens for indentation test only. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study ,it can be concluded that 2%&5% of plasma treated polyamide fiber results in improvement in transverse strength, impact strength and surface roughness. While for Indentation hardness test, a statistically non significance difference was observed among all groups of specimens.

Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Far-Infrared Tencel/Acrylic and Far-Infrared Tencel/Cotton Blended Ring-Spun Yarns

It has been a universal method to obtain better-property yarns by blending different kinds of fibers together. This study, was aimed to investigate the mechanical and physical properties of far-infrared tencel/acrylic (FIT/A) and far-infrared tencel/cotton (FIT/C) blended ring-spun yarns. Yarn samples with five different blend ratios (100/0, 65/35, 50/50, 35/65, 0/100) were spun as 19.7 tex on a ring spinning system. The elongation, breaking strength, yarn irregularity, and hairiness of the two sets of blended yarns were analyzed using the simple rule of mixtures (ROM) and generalized rule of mixtures (GROM). The results show that acrylic blended yarns show higher elongation values, similar breaking strength, lower yarn irregularity values, and higher hairiness values compared to cotton blended ones. In addition, the interactions between the two fibers in both the two sets of yarns have a positive effect on yarn elongation, breaking strength, and yarn irregularity; but a negative effect on the hairiness with a different degree.

The influence of calcium oxide addition on properties of fiber reinforced cement-based composites

In this project several fiber reinforced cement-based composites (FRCCs) were studied, in which a CaO-based expansive agent was added in order to help in reducing the cracking induced by drying shrinkage. Two different kinds of fibers were tested: brass-coated hooked steel fibers and flat and flexible amorphous metallic fibers. All the mixtures were characterized for fresh and hardened state, by measuring the consistency of fresh mixtures, compressive and flexural strength, as well as length changes under drying shrinkage test condition for the hardened state. Their microstructures were also investigated by mercury intrusion porosimeter and SEM observations. The effect on mechanical performance of thermal pre-treatment at 80°C was also evaluated. Results obtained confirmed the effectiveness of CaO addition (even at a low-dosage) on the stability of mixtures under drying shrinkage. It also proved to be effective in terms of flexural strength improvement when used with brass-coated fibers. The reason of this synergy probably lies in the formation of calcium hydroxyzincate (CHZ) crystals at the interface between the fibers and surrounding cement paste. These CHZ crystals, as observed by SEM, are likely able to noticeably improve the quality of the interface of the fiber-matrix by increasing adhesion.

Dyeing different kinds of fibers with low concentration clay pigment

Dyeing different kinds of fibers with low concentration clay pigment

Flexural properties of polyethylene, glass and carbon fiber-reinforced resin composites for prosthetic frameworks

Objective. High flexural properties are needed for fixed partial denture or implant prosthesis to resist susceptibility to failures caused by occlusal overload. The aim of this investigation was to clarify the effects of four different kinds of fibers on the flexural properties of fiber-reinforced composites. Materials and methods. Polyethylene fiber, glass fiber and two types of carbon fibers were used for reinforcement. Seven groups of specimens, 2 × 2 × 25 mm, were prepared (n = 10 per group). Four groups of resin composite specimens were reinforced with polyethylene, glass or one type of carbon fiber. The remaining three groups served as controls, with each group comprising one brand of resin composite without any fiber. After 24-h water storage in 37°C distilled water, the flexural properties of each specimen were examined with static three-point flexural test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results. Compared to the control without any fiber, glass and carbon fibers significantly increased the flexural strength (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the polyethylene fiber decreased the flexural strength (p < 0.05). Among the fibers, carbon fiber exhibited higher flexural strength than glass fiber (p < 0.05). Similar trends were observed for flexural modulus and fracture energy. However, there was no significant difference in fracture energy between carbon and glass fibers (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Fibers could, therefore, improve the flexural properties of resin composite and carbon fibers in longitudinal form yielded the better effects for reinforcement.

Ultralong Haul 1.28-T&lt;roman&gt;b/s&lt;/roman&gt; PM-16QAM WDM Transmission Employing Hybrid Amplification

In order to cope with the foreseeable capacity crunch next-generation optical transmission systems aim to utilize higher order quadrature amplitude modulation formats to achieve spectral efficiency (SE) higher than the current commercial systems. In particular, transmission rates as high as 1 Tb/s are envisioned, employing superchannel configuration achieved by closer than standard 50 GHz placement of Nyquist filtered wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) channels. Moreover, increase in symbol rate of each subcarrier in a superchannel is desired to reduce the number of components per Tb/s and, consequently, overall cost. In this regard, we addressed a series of challenges namely intersymbol-interference (ISI) induced by low-pass filtering of digital-to-analog converter (DAC), intrasuperchannel crosstalk penalties, and selected suitable forward error correction (FEC) code considering limitations of electronic components. Digital preemphasis is employed to mitigate DAC induced ISI, a subcarrier spacing of 1.2 $\times$ symbol rate is chosen to limit crosstalk penalties below 0.5 dB in Q $^2$ and a FEC overhead of 23% is established limiting transponder count to four, achieving 1 Tb/s net data rate. The superchannel is assigned a 200-GHz optical spectrum to achieve a SE of 5.0 b/s/Hz, and WDM transmission performance is evaluated over three different kinds of fibers: standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), large area pure silica core fiber (LAPSCF), and large effective area fiber (LEAF), having span lengths of 95/121, 82/164, and 81 km, respectively. The maximum reach of 1-Tb/s superchannel with 8 $\times$ 100-Gb/s WDM channels at pre-FEC threshold of 3.37 $\times$ 10 $^{-2}$ was found to be 1110, 1921, and 789 km for SSMF, LAPSCF, and LEAF, respectively. Further improvement in transmission performance is achieved by employing hybrid EDFA-Raman amplification, and achievable distance was extended to 2054, 2952, and 1341 km for SSMF, LAPSCF, and LEAF, respectively, at pre-FEC threshold. Mitigation of a nonlinear phase noise employing single-channel digital back propagation resulted in extension of maximum reach up to 2262, 3349, and 1530 km for SSMF, LAPSCF, and LEAF, respectively.

Influence of matrix grade on the mechanical behaviour of fibre-reinforced concrete

Mechanical behaviour of fibre-reinforced concrete is influenced both by the properties of the fibres (geometry, aspect ratio, dosage) and the properties of the matrix (concrete grade, curing time, water-to-cement ratio). Many research studies have been published that focus on the influence of different kinds of fibres on the final properties of concrete. Against this the influence of the matrix grade on the mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced concrete is a topic that is almost unexplored. A mechanical characterisation of fibre-reinforced concrete in the hardened and fresh states is carried out, varying the concrete grade, the fibre dosage and the fibre type (steel and polyester). The results of the experimental research indicate the importance of the matrix grade on the bond between the steel fibre and the matrix and, consequently, on the mechanical performances of the composite material. Furthermore the concrete grade also influences the minimum volume fraction of polyester fibres affecting the matrix toughness.

Hybrid femtosecond fiber laser outcrossing Er-doped fiber and Yb-doped fiber

A hybridized scheme of a fiber femtosecond pulse laser was devised with the aim of grafting the frequency comb of an Er-doped fiber oscillator, stabilized around a 1.550 μm center wavelength, onto the 1.0 μm emission range of an Yb-doped fiber amplifier. Test results showed that the frequency comb is successfully transferred to a new 1.034 μm center wavelength with a spectral bandwidth of 21 nm, upholding an original frequency stability of 3.71 × 10–13 at 10 s averaging. This work demonstrates the feasibility of outcrossing different kinds of fibers to shift the spectral range of the frequency comb over a large operating span without loss of stability.

Porous YSZ Ceramics Reinforced by Different Kinds of Fibers

Porous YSZ ceramics reinforced by different fibers were prepared by gel‐casting with 15% solid content and pressureless sintering. The four kinds of fibers (mullite, aluminosilicate, Al2O3, and YSZ fibers) were added into the YSZ ceramics with the same 10% vol content. After sintered at 1500°C for 2 h, aluminosilicate and mullite fibers could not be found in the samples of porous YSZ ceramics, which showed they reacted with YSZ ceramics at high temperature, while YSZ and Al2O3 fibers still kept perfect after sintering. Furthermore, the influences of fiber content, sintering temperature, porosity of matrix materials on compressive strength and porosity of the porous YSZ ceramics were studied. The results showed that Al2O3 fiber showed more obvious reinforcing effect than YSZ fiber on porous YSZ ceramics. The fiber‐reinforcing effects depend on fiber content, sintering temperature, and porosity of matrix materials. The fiber addition can improve the shrinkage behavior of porous ceramics during sintering and strengthen the skeleton of porous ceramics.

Fibre dimorphism: cell type diversification as an evolutionary strategy in angiosperm woods

Dimorphic fibres in angiosperm woods are designated when zones of two different kinds of fibres can be distinguished in transverse sections. The usage of most authors contrasts wider, thinner-walled, shorter (sometimes storied) fibres with narrower, thicker-walled fibres that have narrower lumina. The wider fibres can be distinguished in longitudinal sections from axial parenchyma, which usually consists of strands of two or more cells each surrounded by secondary walls (and thus different from septate fibres). This phenomenon occurs in some Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Myrtales (notably Lythraceae), Sapindales (especially Sapindaceae), Urticales and even some Gnetales. Additional instances can doubtless be found, especially if instances of wide latewood fibres together with narrow earlywood fibres are included. There is little physiological evidence on differential functions of dimorphic fibres, except in Acer, in which hydrolysis of starch in the wide fibres is known to result in transfer of sugar into vessels early in the growing season. Starch storage in axial parenchyma may, in a complementary way, serve for embolism reversal and prevention and thus for maintenance of the water columns. Crystalliferous fibres (Myrtales, Sapindales) can be considered a form of fibre dimorphism that deters predation. Gelatinous fibres, often equated with tension wood, can also be considered as a form of fibre dimorphism. The evolutionary significance of fibre dimorphism is that a few small changes in fibre structure can result in the accomplishment of diversified functions.

Effects of Different Kinds of Fibers on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Brake Friction Materials

The purpose of the present study is to compare the effects of different kinds of fibers on the mechanical and tribological properties (in dry conditions) of a phenolic resin–based friction material. The series of fibers used in the study include rockwool, ceramic, E-glass, and steel wool fibers. The fiber volume fraction in all composites was kept constant at 30%. Tribological studies were performed on a pin-on-disc apparatus at sliding speeds of 3.2–12.8 m/s, disc temperatures of 100–350°C, and applied loads of 312.5–625 N. Experiments showed that the friction coefficient in general decreased with increasing sliding speed and applied load but increased with increasing disc temperature up to 300°C and then decreased above this temperature. The specific wear rate was found to increase with increasing sliding speed and disc temperature. The highest friction coefficient and specific wear rate were obtained with E-glass and steel wool fiber–reinforced composites, respectively. The wear mechanism was also analyzed by observing the worn surface morphology using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Flock‐Based Microfluidics

Flock-based microfluidics are created by depositing hydrophilic microfibers on an adhesive-coated substrate using an electric field. This enables the fabrication of self-powered microfluidics from one or more different kinds of fibers that form 2D and 3D flowpaths, which can wick 40 microliters of liquid per square centimeter. With this approach, large areas of functional wicking materials can be produced at extremely low cost.

Mechanical Properties of Hot Curing Acrylic Resins after Reinforced with Different Kinds of Fibers

Background. Acrylic resins used in restorative dentistry are the most popular denture base material, because they have good optical properties and small solubility in body fluids. However their mechanical properties are limited and therefore acrylic resins require different methods of reinforcement one of which can be application of different kinds of fibers. Objectives. To investigate the effect of various fibers on the flexural properties of hot curing acrylic resins after it was broken and reconnected with cold curing material reinforced with polyethylene and glass fibers.Material and Methods. Villacryl H Plus hot curing material after curing was broken and reinforced with various unidirectional fibers to improve its resistance. The fibers surface was pretreated with methyl methacrylate solution. Control specimens did not contain reinforced fiber. Flexural properties of reinforced acrylic resins (AFRAR) were determined in dry condition after 24 hours at 23oC and after 28 days water immersion at 37oC. The test was performed by a three – point bending test using Instron type 4411 tensile testing machine.Results. Flexural resistance of fiber reinforced with acrylic resin (FRAR) increased after using fiber bundle in the sample. After 28 days of water immersion polyethylene fibers had better flexural properties compared to glass fibers. It could be connected with better polyethylene resistance in water conditions. Conclusions. Unidirectional polyethylene and glass fibers, are good application in restorative dentistry and the mechanical properties of hot curing acrylic resin increase after repairing process with cold curing resin.

Research on Influence of Different Fibers on Pavement Performance of SMA

The influence and influence mechanism of three different kinds of fibers, xylon fiber, polyester fiber and basalt mineral fiber, on the pavement performance of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) are investigated for optimizing the pavement performance of SMA in this paper, by comparative analysis of high temperature performance, water stability and low temperature performance of SMA with the three different types of fibers. The results suggest that there are large differences in the performance of SMA with the three kinds of fibers above mentioned, because of the different dispersibility and adsorption capacity of each fiber, and SMA with basalt mineral fiber has the best behavior in pavement performance.

Measurement Range Enlargement in Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis Using Multiple Correlation Peaks

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method for extension of measurement range in a Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis sensor system without resolution deterioration. In the experiment, a 300 m measurement range with about 8 cm spatial resolution was successfully obtained by cascading three different kinds of fibers as a sensing element.

Improved Bending Strength and early Crack-Resistance Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composites Reinforced by Hybrid-Fiber

The bending strength and crack-resistance performance of blank concretes are poor, which are not favorable to the sustainable development of infrastructure. Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is a high performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite designed with micromechanical principles, which can improve concrete bending performance to prolong service life and to reduce maintenance cost of infrastructure, so there is important significance for sustainable development of infrastructure. In this study, we have experimentally evaluated the effectiveness of bending and crack-resistance performance of concretes reinforced by different kinds of fibers which include UF500 cellulose fiber (UF500), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, polypropylene (PP) fiber and hybrid-fiber (PVA and UF500 cellulose fibers), respectively. The bending performance of concrete with different kinds of fibers is better than that of blank concrete. In addition, early crack-resistance performance of hybrid-fibres enhanced samples has been improved as confirmed by the three-point bending test.

Modeling of the Impact of Nonlinear Propagation Effects in Uncompensated Optical Coherent Transmission Links

We address perturbative models for the impact of nonlinear propagation in uncompensated links. We concentrate on a recently-proposed model which splits up the signal into spectral components and then resorts to a four-wave-mixing-like approach to assess the generation of nonlinear interference due to the beating of the signal spectral components. We put its founding assumptions on firmer ground and we provide a detailed derivation for its main analytical results. We then carry out an extensive simulative validation by addressing an ample and significant set of formats encompassing PM-BPSK, PM-QPSK, PM-8QAM, and PM-16QAM, all operating at 32 GBaud. We compare the model prediction of maximum system reach and optimum launch power versus simulation results, for all four formats, three different kinds of fibers (PSCF, SMF, and NZDSF) and for several values of WDM channel spacing, ranging from 50 GHz down to the symbol-rate. We found that, throughout all tests, the model delivers accurate predictions, potentially making it an effective general-purpose system design tool for coherent uncompensated transmission systems.

Study on the Compression Property of Three-Dimensional Non-Woven Liner Material

Three-dimensional non-woven liner is a new kind of material. Six different kinds of fibers with different ratios are used in the paper. Cyclic compression test of finite strain is conducted by Instron 3365. And then regression analysis on compression curves is performed with the SPSS software. Indicators of softness and compression recovery can be determined through correlation and variance analysis. The values of these samples’ indicators are calculated. The raw material’s composition and its influence on compression property are analyzed in order to provide basis for the development of three-dimensional non-woven liner material.

Ablation Properties of C Fibers and SiC Fibers Reinforced Glass Ceramic Matrix Composites Upon Oxyacetylene Torch Exposure

The ablation properties of two laminated composites, having both a glass ceramic matrix and different kinds of fibers (C or SiC) with the same architecture, are evaluated and compared. Ablation tests are performed using an oxyacetylene torch on samples having two different thicknesses. Mass loss and ablation depth are measured after flame exposure. The results obtained show that the decomposition of SiC fibers during thermal exposure has a significant impact on ablation behavior. Oxidation of SiC produces a liquid SiO2 film at the top of the material during ablation. This leads to an improved ablation resistance compared to the glass ceramic matrix/C composite, especially in case of successive flame exposures where the SiO2 film consumes a substantial fraction of the heat flow during its liquefaction upon re-heating.