Different Kinds Of Behavior Research Articles

Political Participation: A Latent Variable Approach Testing Measurement Equivalence of Political Participation Using ESS Data

Theoretical definitions refer to political participation as multi-faceted. While some authors introduce up to twenty different kinds of behavior to measure political action, political participation is measured in surveys like ESS, WVS or EVS by a limited number of activities. Most of the researchers of political participation use composite scores for measuring political participation. The main aim of this research was to test (i) “whether political participation can be measured as a latent construct?” and (ii) “is this construct measurement equivalent across different countries or different time points?” Using the 5 th round of ESS data and the alignment procedure, I measured cross-country comparability of political participation as a bi-dimensional construct with 2 latent factors: institutional and non-institutional participation. Results showed that for the vast majority of ESS countries, the data reflect the theoretical construct of political participation. Furthermore, I compared between the time points within each country and I found that, with few exceptions, the ESS countries show temporal invariance regarding the political participation construct. Both results suggest that political participation can be treated as latent variable and allow us further cross-cultural comparisons.

Occurrence, distribution and behaviour of Bryde's whales (Cetacea: Mysticeti) off south-east Brazil

Bryde's whales are among the lesser known balaenopterids found in Brazilian waters, as well as globally. At the beginning of this project, only occasional sightings of this species were identified off the coast of São Paulo State. In this paper, we present the results of our investigations into the occurrence and behaviour of Bryde's whales along the São Paulo coast, both inside and outside the Marine State Park of Laje de Santos, as a contribution to biological and behavioural knowledge of Bryde's whales under the conservation scope. Sighting surveys were conducted from January 2003 to July 2005 in coastal and oceanic areas. During the survey, 42 sightings were made, totalling 71 individuals, between the isobaths of 20 and 3000 m. Sightings and individual rates were higher in coastal areas during the summer season. Different kinds of behaviour were observed in coastal and oceanic areas. At the 1200 m isobath, notable social interactions were observed in which four adult individuals performed breaching – the first report of this behavioural pattern for Brazil. Results suggest that Bryde's whales possibly use coastal areas for feeding and may migrate to oceanic areas for breeding, thus providing important aspects that must be considered for the proper management of Marine Protected Areas and for oceanic areas, especially considering the intensive and continuous increase of oil and gas exploitation activities in those areas. Data reported here, therefore, constitute a significant contribution in Bryde's whale research and to cetacean conservation efforts in Brazil.

Competing for the Same Value Segments: Explaining the Volatile Dutch Political Landscape

Human values drive different kinds of abstract behaviour, while established value scales are pervasive in survey research. We focus on analyzing the relationship between human values and voting in elections, introducing a new methodology to analyze how value profiles relate to political support over time. To illustrate our procedure, we investigate the Dutch multi-party political system. Values measured using rating scales over five waves of the European Social Survey, spanning 2002 until 2010, are analysed. Whilst previous research have focused on values separately, we (1) relate all political parties participating in the election to human values using a segmentation approach in which value profiles are used instead of individual values; (2) compare voting over time; (3) include non-voters; and (4) adjust for individual differences in response style. The adjustment for response styles allow us to uncover valid insights into the relationship between values and voting. We find evidence that specific value profiles are related to voting for certain political parties and that non-voters can also be distinguished by unique value profiles.

A multidimensional dynamical approach to iterative methods with memory

A dynamical approach on the dynamics of iterative methods with memory for solving nonlinear equations is made. We have designed new methods with memory from Steffensen’ or Traub’s schemes, as well as from a parametric family of iterative procedures of third- and fourth-order of convergence. We study the local order of convergence of the new iterative methods with memory.We define each iterative method with memory as a discrete dynamical system and we analyze the stability of the fixed points of its rational operator associated on quadratic polynomials. As far as we know, there is no dynamical study on iterative methods with memory and the techniques of complex dynamics used in schemes without memory are not useful in this context. So, we adapt real multidimensional dynamical tools to afford this task.The dynamical behavior of Secant method and the versions of Steffensen’ and Traub’s schemes with memory, applied on quadratic polynomials, are analyzed. Different kinds of behavior occur, being in general very stable but pathologic cases as attracting strange fixed points are also found. Finally, a modified parametric family of order four, applied on quadratic polynomials, is also studied, showing the bifurcations diagrams and the appearance of chaos.

‘Please Do not Stand over the Buddha’s Head (Pay Respect)’: Mediations of Tourist and Researcher Experience in Thailand

This paper examines signs mediating tourist experience in temples and heritage sites in Thailand, paying particular attention to how language is used on signs, the semiotic make-up of the signs, and the economy of discourses embedded within those signs. Utilizing a geosemiotic approach (Scollon and Scollon 2003), we show that the signs populating tourist spaces in Thailand not only address rather different audiences, but also index distinct orders of discourse (religious, commercial, informational, regulatory). We propose that signs mediate differently the landscape of Thai Buddhist temples for the local Thai audience and for non-Thai Western others, implying for each group not only different kinds of behaviours but also contrasted positions and identities. In that sense, we view signs in this tourist context observed as cultural tools for boundary production between Easterner and Westerner.

Organizational Susceptibility to Institutional Complexity: Critical Events Driving the Adoption and Implementation of the Ethics and Compliance Officer Position

The institutional environment is complex. This complexity is characterized by forces that ebb and flow in wavelike patterns as societal expectations evolve, with attention coalescing around specific events and then dissipating. Some of these critical events are broad and affect many firms, whereas others are narrow and affect individual firms. In either case, when they occur, these events elevate organizational susceptibility to societal demands but encourage different kinds of behavior in response. This study seeks to model this complexity in an area of growing interest for organization scholars—business ethics. In particular, I examine how firms respond to shifting societal pressures for greater ethical behavior by adopting and implementing the Ethics and Compliance Officer position, from 1990 to 2008. Results demonstrate that although firms decide when to adopt in response to broad fieldwide critical events, it is narrower firm-specific critical events that determine resource commitments in implementation.

Dispersive shock waves in colloids with temperature dependent compressibility

The formation of a dispersive shock wave in a colloidal medium, due to an initial jump in the light intensity, is studied. The compressibility of the colloidal particles is modeled using a series in the particle density, or packing fraction, where the virial coefficients depend on the particle interaction model. Both the theoretical hard disk and sphere repulsive models, and a model with temperature dependent compressibility, are considered. Experimental results for the second virial coefficient show that it is temperature dependent and that the particle interactions can be either repulsive or attractive. These effects are modeled using a power-law relationship. The governing equation is a focusing nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation with an implicit nonlinearity. The initial jump is resolved via a dispersive shock wave which forms before the onset of modulational instability. A semi-analytical solution is developed for the one-dimensional line bore case which predicts the amplitude of the solitary waves which form in the dispersive shock wave. The solitary wave amplitude versus jump height diagrams can exhibit three different kinds of behaviors. A unique solution, an S-shaped solution curve and multiple solution branches where the upper branch has separated from the lower branches. A bifurcation from the low to the high power branch can occur for many parameter choices as the amplitude of the initial jump increases. The effect of temperature on the evolution of the bore, the amplitude of the solitary waves and the bifurcation patterns are all discussed and the semi-analytical solutions are found to be very accurate.

Dynamic and structural properties of orthorhombic rare-earth manganites under high pressure

We report a high-pressure study of orthorhombic rare-earth manganites AMnO3 using Raman scattering (for A = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb and Dy) and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (for A = Pr, Sm, Eu, and Dy). In all cases, a structural and insulator-to-metal transition was evidenced, with a critical pressure that depends on the A-cation size. We analyze the compression mechanisms at work in the different manganites via the pressure dependence of the lattice parameters, the shear strain in the a-c plane, and the Raman bands associated with out-of-phase MnO6 rotations and in-plane O2 symmetric stretching modes. Our data show a crossover across the rare-earth series between two different kinds of behavior. For the smallest A-cations, the compression is nearly isotropic in the ac plane, with presumably only very slight changes of tilt angles and Jahn-Teller distortion. As the radius of the A-cation increases, the pressure-induced reduction of Jahn-Teller distortion becomes more pronounced and increasingly significant as a compression mechanism, while the pressure-induced bending of octahedra chains becomes conversely less pronounced. We finally discuss our results in the light of the notion of chemical pressure, and show that the analogy with hydrostatic pressure works quite well for manganites with small A-cations but can be misleading with large A-cations.

Changes in individual and/or aggregate?

The majority of papers reporting the results of experimental tests on individual behaviour concentrate on the average or aggregate behaviour of the subjects, even though different subjects may exhibit different kinds of behaviour. At the same time, it is well known that subjects are noisy in their responses and thus may change their behaviour during an experiment. The question then arises as to whether this noise causes average behaviour to change during an experiment. We take the data from an experiment on behaviour under ambiguity, which try to identify which preference functional subjects are using, and analyse it in two halves. We find that, while some individual preferences seem to change from the first to the second half, on average, preferences are unchanged (though there is a reduction in the noise exhibited by subjects in the second half). This is a reassuring message for those who want to draw inferences from experiments.

Finitely strictly singular operators in harmonic analysis and function theory

We prove that the class of strictly singular operators and the class of finitely strictly singular operators are stable under perturbed domination. We prove a diagonal theorem, which is a vector valued version of the result due to V. Milman stating that the identity from ℓp to ℓq is finitely strictly singular when p<q. Some applications are given. The paper is illustrated with examples in harmonic analysis and function theory: we prove that the Fourier transform from Lp(T) into ℓp′ is finitely strictly singular if and only if p∈(1,2). In the case p=1, some examples of different kind of behavior involving thin sets are given. Another result deals with the identity from the Hardy space Hp to the Bergman space B2p: it is finitely strictly singular for every p⩾1. This result requires some new special inequalities between the norms on the Hardy and the Bergman spaces.

Escaping from Swarms

Swarming behavior extends across multiple length scales in biology ranging from bacteria to whales. Swarms are affected differently by erratic, dissenting behavior, sometimes a swarm will follow an agent which changes directions, such as a school of fish when they are done feeding, while other times the swarm lets the individual leave the group while the swarm continues on its way, like a few birds leaving the flock to land in a tree. This research investigates the different universal swarm characteristics that can lead to these different kinds of behaviors. We model flocks with a finite number of agents utilizing a velocity alignment interaction and a Lennard-Jones potential, which provides both cohesive and repulsive interactions between neighboring agents. In the swarming regime of our model, an agent is selected at random to “escape” the flock, by choosing a particular direction to travel in, and no longer align with it's neighbors. We found that close to the swarming transition the escapee was unable to escape, while deeper in the swarming regime the swarm was more stable and the particle was able to escape with little effect on the rest of the swarm. Our research sheds light on the varied responses of swarms to internal dissent and suggests optimal strategies to escape or reorient swarms that exploit these responses.

Interworking of LTE with CDMA EVDO

This paper introduces how the interworking happens between LTE with CDMA EVDO. It shows different kinds of behaviors during handoff between LTE and CDMA EVDO.

Believing is seeing: how people's beliefs influence goals, emotions and behaviour

Health care professionals work and learn in complex environments. Some are able to continue learning from their practice and the challenges it presents, whereas others refrain from investing more effort when faced with setbacks. This paper discusses a social cognitive model of motivation that helps to explain the different kinds of behaviour that emerge when individuals are confronted with challenges. Self-theories (people's theories on what competence is and means for the self) play a major role in establishing the goals people set for themselves, the emotions they experience and the meanings they attach to situations. These self-views are often not explicitly articulated and are therefore called 'implicit' ('self-') theories. Social cognitive research suggests there are two distinct ways of thinking about one's personal attributes: entity theorists view a trait as a fixed, concrete internal entity, whereas incremental theorists instead believe a trait to be something malleable that can be developed or cultivated through effort. Holding an entity theory leads one to set performance goals and to harbour concerns about performing well and making a good impression. Holding an incremental theory tends to lead one to set learning goals, and to focus less on performance and more on spending time and effort in determining which strategies work. The current literature on self-theories is used to explore the relevance of these theories in medical education in three contexts: (i) it is argued that, in order to support lifelong learning, both individual and organisational efforts fit best with an incremental outlook on professional development; (ii) if it is to move forward in the domain of feedback-seeking behaviour, medical education might benefit from a better understanding of the interactions among self-theories, feedback behaviour, and the pervading role of organisational culture, and (iii) the impact of self-theories on assessors' evaluations of performance.

Spatial Cognition and Intentional Behaviors in the Post-Sedentary Age

The purpose of this study is to offer new insight into architectural and urban planning in the post-sedentary age. Specifically, we reveal the characteristics of walking in cities with mobile networks. The experiment involved strolling around the old town of Tokyo with 20 participants divided into two groups: (1) Those who could use smartphones and (2) those who could only use printed maps. The participants′ behaviors were recorded by GPS data loggers and analyzed by GIS in terms of the following three aspects. First, we estimated the features of walking according to the lengths of time participants collected information and the contents of that information and reached the conclusion that walking within mobile networks was deliberate. Second, we analyzed the efficiency of walking using the redundancy index and concluded that different kinds of behaviors can be confirmed depending on the time available to complete tasks. Third, we explored walking with curiosity in terms of the various types of roads where participants walked and inferred that walking in a mobile network environment reduced anxiety regarding losing one′s way and aroused much curiosity.

P4.072 Sexual Risk and Preventive Behaviours Among Young People in Nigeria

BackgroundYoung people, especially teenagers, between 12 and 19 years are very vulnerable and very susceptible to different kinds of behaviours, most of which are risky and destructive in nature thereby...

Study on Dynamic Response of Visco-elastic Plate Under Transverse Periodic Load

Abstract The dynamic behavior of simple supported rectangular thin plate subjected to transverse harmonic excitation is investigated in this paper. The compressive loads N1 and N2 is applied on edges of the plate. On assumption of small deformation, dynamic governing equation is derived. The constitutive relation of material obeys can be stood for an integral equation. By use of nonlinear Galerkin method, the partial differential governing equation is turned into integral-differential variation of the Duffing equation. The different kinds of behaviors are investigated making use of the classical tools of nonlinear dynamics, such as the phase portrait, the time-displacement history and Lyapunov exponent analysis. The results of analysis show that the values of N1 and N2 , character time of material have large influence on the dynamic response. When they satisfy some condition, chaotic motions may occur in the dynamic system.

Behavioural Analyses of Quinine Processing in Choice, Feeding and Learning of Larval Drosophila

Gustatory stimuli can support both immediate reflexive behaviour, such as choice and feeding, and can drive internal reinforcement in associative learning. For larval Drosophila, we here provide a first systematic behavioural analysis of these functions with respect to quinine as a study case of a substance which humans report as “tasting bitter”. We describe the dose-effect functions for these different kinds of behaviour and find that a half-maximal effect of quinine to suppress feeding needs substantially higher quinine concentrations (2.0 mM) than is the case for internal reinforcement (0.6 mM). Interestingly, in previous studies (Niewalda et al. 2008, Schipanski et al 2008) we had found the reverse for sodium chloride and fructose/sucrose, such that dose-effect functions for those tastants were shifted towards lower concentrations for feeding as compared to reinforcement, arguing that the differences in dose-effect function between these behaviours do not reflect artefacts of the types of assay used. The current results regarding quinine thus provide a starting point to investigate how the gustatory system is organized on the cellular and/or molecular level to result in different behavioural tuning curves towards a bitter tastant.

Microstructure and hot deformation behavior of AlMg6 alloy produced by equal-channel angular pressing

Abstract Experimental work carried out to assess the strain rate and temperature affected deformation behavior of equal-channel angular pressed AlMg6 alloy. Elevated temperature compression test performed at temperatures ranged from 360 to 520 °C, four strain rates of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 s−1. The flow stress curves displayed two kinds of different behaviors, which, at low temperatures or high strain rates, during the initial stage of deformation there is an increase in the flow stress, whereas, at high temperatures or low strain rates, flow curve decreases continuously from yield point due to occurrence of dynamic recrystallization phenomena. Activation energy of deformation is calculated as 185.5 KJ mol−1 for the alloy. Steady state strain rate sensitivity parameters were calculated for the strain rate ratios of e ˙ 1 / e ˙ 2 (1/10), e ˙ 2 / e ˙ 3 (10/100). The increasing of the m values from 0.1 to 0.4 for the applied strain rate ratios of e ˙ 2 / e ˙ 3 (10/100) and e ˙ 1 / e ˙ 2 (1/10), respectively, is assumed to be the result of changing the deformation mechanism from recovery to recrystallization. The effects of number of passes and strain path have been studied on the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of this alloy.

Accuracy of the post-Newtonian approximation. II. Optimal asymptotic expansion of the energy flux for quasicircular, extreme mass-ratio inspirals into a Kerr black hole

We study the effect of black hole spin on the accuracy of the post-Newtonian approximation. We focus on the gravitational energy flux for the quasicircular, equatorial, extreme mass-ratio inspiral of a compact object into a Kerr black hole of mass $M$ and spin $J$. For a given dimensionless spin $a\ensuremath{\equiv}J/{M}^{2}$ (in geometrical units $G=c=1$), the energy flux depends only on the orbital velocity $v$ or (equivalently) on the Boyer-Lindquist orbital radius $r$. We investigate the formal region of validity of the Taylor post-Newtonian expansion of the energy flux (which is known up to order ${v}^{8}$ beyond the quadrupole formula), generalizing previous work by two of us. The error function used to determine the region of validity of the post-Newtonian expansion can have two qualitatively different kinds of behavior, and we deal with these two cases separately. We find that, at any fixed post-Newtonian order, the edge of the region of validity (as measured by $v/{v}_{\mathrm{ISCO}}$, where ${v}_{\mathrm{ISCO}}$ is the orbital velocity at the innermost stable circular orbit) is only weakly dependent on $a$. Unlike in the nonspinning case, the lack of sufficiently high-order terms does not allow us to determine if there is a convergent to divergent transition at order ${v}^{6}$. Independent of $a$, the inclusion of angular multipoles up to and including $\ensuremath{\ell}=5$ in the numerical flux is necessary to achieve the level of accuracy of the best-known ($N=8$) post-Newtonian expansion of the energy flux.

Green Work-Life Balance: A New Perspective for Green HRM

This paper proposes that Green HRM can meet its full potential only by considering employees in their twofold role as producers and consumers. Employees learn different kinds of behaviour not exclusively at the workplace, but also in private life. Since reciprocal interactions between working life and private life occur, a “green work-life balance concept” is suggested to facilitate environmentally friendly behaviour in both life domains. The concept offers chances not only for the environment, but also for the company and its employees by increasing, for example, work motivation and job retention. However, challenges like employees' reactance to allow corporate influence on private life need to be addressed.