Different Geographical Locations In India Research Articles

Stalk rot species diversity and molecular phylogeny associated with diseased maize in India.

Stalk rot disease is a major constraint in maize production and till date reported to be caused by two to three species of phytopathogenic fungi but, in our present study, we disclose the first report of stalk rot is caused by complex species of phytopathogens, which belongs to five different genera. Therefore, to substantiate these findings, a total of 105 diseased samples of maize were collected from 21 different locations in six different geographical locations of India from which 48 isolates were used for the research study. Morphological features such as pigmentation, colony color, type of mycelium and pattern of mycelium was examined using macro and microscopic methods. A total of 11 different spp. of pathogens belonging to the five different genera: Fusarium verticillioides (56.25%), F. equiseti (14.5%), F. andiyazi (6.25%), F. solani (2.08%), F. proliferatum (2.08%), F. incarnatum (2.08%), Lasidioplodia theobrame (6.25%), Exserohilum rostrtum (4.16%), Nigrospora spp. (4.16%). and Schizophyllum commune (2.08%) were identified by different housekeeping genes (ITS, TEF-1α, RPB2 and Actin). Fusarium verticillioides, F. equiseti and F. andiyazi were major pathogens involved in stalk rot. This is the first report on F. proliferatum, F. solani, F. incarnatum, Lasidioplodia theobrame, Exserohilum rostrtum, Nigrospora spp. and Schizophyllum commune causing stalk rot of maize and their distribution in the different states of India. Studies on population dynamics of PFSR will enhance the understanding of pathogen behavior, virulence, or its association with different pathogens across India, which will facilitate the development of resistant maize genotypes against the PFSR.

A smartphone-based standalone fluorescence spectroscopy tool for cervical precancer diagnosis in clinical conditions.

Real-time prediction about the severity of noncommunicable diseases like cancers is a boon for early diagnosis and timely cure. Optical techniques due to their minimally invasive nature provide better alternatives in this context than the conventional techniques. The present study talks about a standalone, field portable smartphone-based device which can classify different grades of cervical cancer on the basis of the spectral differences captured in their intrinsic fluorescence spectra with the help of AI/ML technique. In this study, a total number of 75 patients and volunteers, from hospitals at different geographical locations of India, have been tested and classified with this device. A classification approach employing a hybrid mutual information long short-term memory model has been applied to categorize various subject groups, resulting in an average accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of 96.56%, 96.76%, and 94.37%, respectively using 10-fold cross-validation. This exploratory study demonstrates the potential of combining smartphone-based technology with fluorescence spectroscopy and artificial intelligence as a diagnostic screening approach which could enhance the detection and screening of cervical cancer.

Multivariate analysis for various agro-morphological traits of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

Turmeric is one of the potential spice crops having importance in culinary, colouring in textiles and therapeutic in pharmaceutical industries. The present investigation was carried out to estimate the genetic diversity of 21 turmeric genotypes representing different geographical locations of India. The principal component (PC) analysis indicated that the most of the variation among the genotypes was contributed by the first two principal components (61.38%), which were largely governed by plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf lamina length, leaf area, total leaf area, collar girth and weight of the mother rhizomes per clump. These traits showed high positive correlation with first two PCs and influenced significantly for grouping. Based on PC correlation analysis, it is evident that morphological and yield attributing traits of PC1 and PC2 are influenced and contributed for most of the variation among the genotypes. The cluster analysis revealed that the 21 genotypes fall into five clusters, and among them most divergent with distinct genotypes were cluster I, III and cluster IV. However, IISR Pragati, Rajendra Sonali and NDH 8 were found superior for fresh rhizome yield and Acc. 849 was found unique with robust mother rhizome. The present study contributes to the knowledge of genetic diversity and defining strategies for yield improvement in turmeric.

Free space optical communication in Indian cities; channel characteristics and link performance

Abstract Free Space Optical (FSO) communication systems, offering high-speed and high-bandwidth transmission, have emerged as a possible substitute for conventional wired and wireless communication systems. However, FSO links are susceptible to atmospheric deficiencies including attenuation, scintillation, and turbulence, which may severely impact the performance of the communication link. In this research paper, we propose and analyze the performance of a 25 Gbps dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM)-based FSO communication link with spatial diversity technique under various climatic conditions in four different geographical locations of India, i.e., Delhi, Ahmedabad, Kolkata, and Chennai in the year 2021. The proposed FSO communication system is evaluated through performance analysis and parametric evaluation under various weather conditions such as clear sky, fog, haze, rain, cloud, and thermal gradient. Key performance metrics such as bit error rate (BER), Q-factor, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), received power, communication range, and reliability are analyzed based on the simulation results. The proposed FSO communication system provides high data rates, improved power efficiency, better resilience to atmospheric impairments, reliable communication links under different weather conditions, and a practical solution for high-speed and high-bandwidth communication in various applications.

Iatrochemical and Alchemical Knowledge in Medieval India

Inthis essay, I describe very briefly, the pursuit of chemical knowledge in India until the period of the early eighteenth century. The attempt is not to discuss in any exhaustive way various strands of chemical practices from the antiquity till the late seventeenth century but to offer a glimpse of a variety of chemical endeavours, in different geographical locations of India, visualized from iatrochemical, alchemical and chemical industry perspectives. The first two perspectives also seem to suggest a strong theoretical backdrop of the relevant practices. However, it historically remains an open question how the theory and the practices informed each other if at all it actually happened. The motivation for organizing this essay in the way I have arises from two distinct ideas. The first is to revisit the historiographic insights that late Professor Prafulla Chandra Ray brought to bear in writing a remarkable two volumebook titled A History of Hindu Chemistry. I will explain that in a bit more detail below. Second, in engaging with the primarily textual accounts of chemical practices in Ancient and Medieveal India, I stay true to the view that Chemistry is both a science (a body of knowledge about some aspects of nature or the material world) and an art, a set of practices which have a bearing on the kind of knowledge these practices produce including making new materials with interesting functions and properties. Indeed there has been a great deal of interest to review our understanding of Chemistry given that Chemistry is involved in making new materials and molecules. This synthetic and preparative aspect of chemistry (see e.g., Schummer (1997), opens up new historiographical directions to write history of chemistry.I will have a bit more to say about what historiographical repercussion this view has and how I employ it below.

Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of Indian Isolates of Wheat Spot Blotch Pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana Reveals Expansion of Pathogenicity Gene Clusters.

Spot blotch is a highly destructive disease in wheat caused by the fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph, Cochliobolus sativus). It is prevalent in warm and humid areas, including Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the USA. In the present study, twelve isolates of B. sorokiniana were collected from wheat fields in three different geographical locations in India. The pathogenicity of seven sporulating isolates was assessed on 'DDK 1025', a spot blotch-susceptible wheat variety under greenhouse conditions. The isolate 'D2' illustrated the highest virulence, followed by 'SI' and 'BS52'. These three isolates were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq1000 platform. The estimated genome sizes of the isolates BS52, D2, and SI were 35.19 MB, 39.32 MB, and 32.76 MB, with GC contents of 48.48%, 50.43%, and 49.42%, respectively. The numbers of pathogenicity genes identified in BS52, D2, and SI isolates were 2015, 2476, and 2018, respectively. Notably, the isolate D2 exhibited a relatively larger genome with expanded arsenals of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs), CAZymes, secretome, and pathogenicity genes, which could have contributed to its higher virulence among the tested isolates. This study provides the first comparative genome analysis of the Indian isolates of B. sorokiniana using whole genome sequencing.

Sero-characterization of intestinal and extra-intestinal Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from different geographical locations in India

Serotyping is the most widely used epidemiological marker to characterize pathogenic E. coli. Pathogenic E. coli is diverse as different serotypes are known to be prevalent in different area. Certain serotypes are known to be closely associated with pathotypes especially among diarrheagenic E. coli. Analysis of E. coli serotypes prevalence and its distribution pattern in different geographical area is important from better understanding its epidemiology and better control and management of E. coli diarrhea and non-intestinal infections. Present study was carried out to study prevalence of various “O”serogroups in clinical E. coli isolates in India and its distribution in different geographical locations of the country. A total of 783 clinical isolates suspected to be E. coli comprising of 437 Intestinal (human diarrheal) and 346 extra-intestinal isolates (human UTI) were biotyped using conventional Biotyping method to confirm isolates as E. coli. A total 534 confirmed E. coli isolates were sero-typed using specific anti E. coli “O” antiserum by micro titer plate agglutination assay. The 534 E. coli isolates were found to be clustered over 36 different groups. O8, O11, O22, O126, O88, O83, O35, O7, O149 and O141 being the most frequently detected “O” serogroups. Serogroup O157 was also detected in only seven isolates. Big six serotypes were not detected. This study indicates that diverse E. coli serotypes are in circulation in the country. With very low frequency of serogroup O157 frequently associated with EHEC/STEC.

Allergic diseases in India - Prevalence, risk factors and current challenges.

Epidemiological studies have shown a rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases in India during the last two decades. However, recent evidence from the Global Asthma Network study has observed a decrease in allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis in children. Still, with a population over 1.3 billion, there is a huge burden of allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis, and this is compounded by an unmet demand for trained allergy specialists and poor health service framework. There is wide variation in the prevalence of allergic diseases between different geographical locations in India, and the reasons are unclear at present. This may at least in part be attributable to considerable heterogeneity in aero-biology, weather, air pollution levels, cultural and religious factors, diet, socioeconomic strata and literacy. At present, factors enhancing risks and those protecting from development of atopy and allergic diseases have not been well delineated, although there is some evidence for the influence of genetic factors alongside cultural and environmental variables such as diet, exposure to tobacco smoke and air pollution and residence in urban areas. This narrative review provides an overview of data from India regarding epidemiology, risk factors and genetics and highlights gaps in evidence as well as areas for future research.

Psychological Assessment using Modified DASS-21 Scale during COVID-19 Pandemic

Aims: To assess the levels of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during COVID-19 pandemic and to compare the levels of psychological morbidities, between two different geographical locations in India.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study
 Place and Duration of Study: Kerala and Tamil Nadu, between March 2021 and August 2021.
 Methodology: A total of 522 participants got enrolled for the study, while 505 participants comprising 256 males and 249 females were selected, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess the level of distress experienced by the study population.
 Results: The sample size was calculated to be around 385 fixing a 95% confidence interval, 5% margin of error with a population proportion of 50% and of unlimited population size. Depression level among male (38%) was slightly higher than female population (37%). Anxiety levels were similar among the male (42%) and female (42%). Stress level was found to be slightly higher in female (22%) than in male (19%). State wise comparison showed that the people of Tamil Nadu had slightly higher level of depression (44%), anxiety (49%) and stress (26%) than the people of Kerala. The parameter of anxiety seemed to be higher when compared with depression and stress. 38% of the population suffered from all the 3 mental health conditions. 32% had at least 2 mental health related trouble. 11% had no mental health issue.
 Conclusion: The study reveals that COVID pandemic had definitely created a lot of psychological instability amongst the general public. Our findings propose that constructing a sense of self-management among the general population through providing proper awareness about psychological morbidities and develop necessary interventions that can improve the mental health of vulnerable groups which may be crucial in ensuring preparedness for high contesting environments and adjustments during such pandemic experiences.

Biochemical aspects of pathogenic variability in white rust infected Indian mustard

ABSTRACT White rust caused by Albugo candida, an oomycete pathogen, is a devastating disease of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) worldwide. There is a need to screen virulent white rust isolates to challenge the developed white rust–resistant B. juncea cultivars to screen their resistance potential. The current study explores pathogenic and biochemical response of Indian mustard to white rust isolates collected from three different geographic locations of India. The observations refine our understanding of the disease severity in India. Disease progression and biochemical responses were studied in the cotyledonary as well as true leaf stage of the B. juncea cultivar Varuna at different time points. The biochemical findings highlight the fluctuation of significant biochemical parameters such as total proteins, sugars, and phenols, superoxide dismutase, and hydrogen peroxide during the A. candida infection in B. juncea.

Probe anchored porous organic polymer monolithic architectures as optical sensor for ultra-trace analysis of Hg2+ in water samples

In this article, we have demonstrated an effective strategy to detect and remove the toxic Hg2+ by an ion-selective optical sensor using chromoionophoric receptor that is homogenously dispersed onto the surface of porous organic polymer (POP) template. Herein, we present a detailed summation of the synthesis of different POPs by employing various kinds of monomers and crosslinkers to discover excellent structural property materials that could cater to the needs of an optical sensor. The resultant POP from the bulk polymerization of N,N-dimethyl allylamine (DMA), and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), i.e., poly(DMA-co-TMPTA), manifested a higher surface area with pore size, thus has been utilized as the substrate material for the fabrication of the sensor. Further, the chromoionophoric coordinating ligand, i.e., 7-4(diethylamino)phenyldiazenyl quinolin-8-ol (DPDQ), is immobilized as receptor molecules onto the POP template for ultra-trace detection of Hg2+. The surface dispersed receptor forms stable 1:1 charge-transfer complexes [Hg2+-DPDQ] with a striking naked-eye color transition from pale orange to bright reddish-brown. The developed optical sensor offers an ultra-fast, selective response for Hg2+ with a lower detection limit of 0.1 μg/L (ppb) in the linear range of 0–100 μg/L. The regeneration of the sensor is envisaged with 0.02 M HCl and can be reused for up to six sensing cycles. Actual water samples from different geographical locations of India are tested using the developed sensor, and the method proved effective for real-time monitoring of Hg2+.

Is the atmospheric boundary layer altitude or the strong thermal inversions that control the vertical extent of aerosols?

It is well known that the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) plays a significant role in controlling the variability of atmospheric constituents such as aerosols and trace-gases. Hence, significant diurnal and seasonal variation in these will be observed as the ABL altitude does. However, on several occasions, high aerosol concentration in the lidar measurements is observed even above the ABL altitude. This raised a question that up to what extent ABL altitude acts as a capping layer for these pollutants? From the detailed analysis carried out using long-term (2010–2018) lidar observations and simultaneous radiosonde profiles obtained from Gadanki, India, we show that ‘there exist thermal inversions (TI), which are stronger than the ABL inversions, that fully control the vertical extent’. The detailed characteristics of TI (inversion strength (IS) and inversion depth (ID)) are also obtained. The results revealed that aerosol concentrations below the TI altitude increases with IS (ID) up to 3–4 K (300–400 m) during winter whereas in pre-monsoon it increases up to 2–3 K (100–200 m). Thus, IS of up to 2–4 K is required to fully trap the aerosol concentrations and this TI coincide with the ABL inversions for 51.7% only, particularly during the winter and pre-monsoon seasons. This analysis is further extended to different geographical locations of India using the aerosol profiles obtained from CALIPSO and a network of 23 radiosonde stations. The observed results provided further evidence that the vertical distribution of aerosols is restricted to the maximum extent by the TI but not the ABL altitude. These observations lead us to propose a hypothesis that ‘trapping of aerosols fully occurs up to particular IS and ID only and the ABL altitude is not the deciding factor most of the time for capping the aerosol vertical distribution’. These findings will greatly help in modeling the diffusion and transport of air pollutants in the lower troposphere.

Performance evaluation of phase change material integration in buildings using novel non-dimensional performance parameters for different cities and months in India

In recent years, Phase Change Material (PCM) has been used in the thermal management of buildings for reducing the heat entry through the building envelope, and to maintain comfort. The effectiveness of PCM integration in a building would be high, in locations where diurnal ambient temperature variation is high. Selection of PCM with correct phase change temperature range for building envelope is a challenging task for building engineers, owing to the complex transient behaviour of PCM during its charging and discharging cycles. There is a need for a user-friendly numerical simulation tool for the selection of PCM with maximum effectiveness for a building at a particular location, at less cost and time. Also, there is a requirement for a non-dimensional PCM performance parameter to compare the thermal performance of a building with and without PCM integration. In current research work, a numerical tool has been developed using MATLAB software for performing thermal analysis of a building integrated with PCM in walls and roof. Further, year-round performance studies were carried out for measuring the effectiveness of PCM for selected geometry at different locations. Two novel non-dimensional parameters, namely, PCM performance parameter (PPP) and percentage drop in relative indoor temperature integral (PDR) have been introduced in this present work to determine the effectiveness of PCM integration in a building. Simulation has been carried out for a building model with and without PCM in five, cities in different geographical locations of India. Analysis has been carried out by selecting PCM with a suitable temperature range based on local climate for a particular time of the year. The concluding results have shown the usefulness of this user-friendly simulation tool and the PCM performance parameters in evaluating the performance of PCM integrated buildings at any location and time of the year. The developed numerical tool is useful for the selection of correct PCM for a location and time of the year. Also, the non-dimensional parameters proposed captured the latitude effects of a building integrated with PCM in walls and roof.

Statistical Analysis Based Survey of Indian Renewable Energy Scenario

Renewable energy is a solution for electricity generation for cleaner and green energy. The aim of this paper is to find the energy potential of India in terms of sources, per-capita energy consumption and the main potential consumers. Comparing consumption of fossil fuels and Renewable energy sources (RES) of India in 2019 and 2020 and finally to find whether there is any change in energy generation of two solar power plants in different geographical location of India with the help of independent t-test statistics. In this paper two statistical analysis are proposed. One is the statistical analysis of installed capacity, generation and consumption of fossil fuels and renewable energy in India. Other one is the statistical analysis of two solar power plants located at different geographical locations in India. From the statistical analysis it is found that, installed capacity of coal, RES and hydro is increased in 2020 as compared to 2019. Total demand in January 2020 is 2,77,140.33 MW whereas total installed capacity is 3,71,126 MW, this means that installed capacity is more but are not in running condition. From the statistical analysis of two independent solar power plants it is found that solar power plant-1 generates more energy but with high conversion loss hence poor efficiency.

Population Genetic Analysis of the Theileria annulata Parasites Identified Limited Diversity and Multiplicity of Infection in the Vaccine From India.

Background: Apicomplexan parasite Theileria annulata causes significant economic loss to the livestock industry in India and other tropical countries. In India, parasite control is mainly dependent on the live attenuated schizont vaccine and the drug buparvaquone. For effective disease control, it is essential to study the population structure and genetic diversity of the Theileria annulata field isolates and vaccine currently used in India.Methodology/Results: A total of 125 T. annulata isolates were genotyped using 10 microsatellite markers from four states belonging to different geographical locations of India. Limited genetic diversity was observed in the vaccine isolates when compared to the parasites in the field; a level of geographical substructuring was evident in India. The number of genotypes observed per infection was highest in India when compared to other endemic countries, suggesting high transmission intensity and abundance of ticks in the country. A reduced panel of four markers can be used for future studies in these for surveillance of the T. annulata parasites in India.Conclusion: High genetic variation between the parasite populations in the country suggests their successful spread in the field and could hamper the disease control programs. Our findings provide the baseline data for the diversity and population structure of T. annulata parasites from India. The low diversity in the vaccine advocates improving the current vaccine, possibly by increasing its heterozygosity. The reduced panel of the markers identified in this study will be helpful in monitoring parasite and its reintroduction after Theileria eradication.

Variation in arjunolic acid in bark of Terminalia arjuna from different geographical locations of India using high performance liquid chromatography

Major active ingredient of Terminalia arjuna bark, a triterpenoid saponins -arjunolic acid was determined in fifty-one accessions of different geographical locations from seven different states i.e. Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Uttrakhand and Andhra Pradesh of India.Arjunolic acid was extracted from bark samples with the help of microwave assisted method and quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). A significant variation in arjunolic acid content was observed in bark from different regions.The quantity of arjunolic acid varied 0.01- 0.29 μg/mg, maximum quantity was observed in Accession- UKDDLP belongs to Uttrakhand, Western Himalayan region. The eastern plateau and hill region of the state produced the lowest amount, whereas the western Himalayan regions zone of the state had higher yields. The populations with high arjunolic acid content can be utilized for mass multiplication and genetic improvement.

Oral Presentation

Oral Presentation

Apparent prevalence and risk factors of coxiellosis (Q fever) among dairy herds in India.

Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious zoonotic pathogen infecting wide range of mammals, including humans. In the present study, a total of 711 blood samples from bovines [cattle (n = 543) and buffaloes (n = 168)] from eight farms at different geographical locations in India were screened for C. burnetii targeting the IS1111 and the com1 genes. The anti-C. burnetii antibodies in serum samples were detected using indirect-ELISA kits. Also, a total of 21 parameters pertaining to animal health and farm management were identified to assess their role as possible risk factors for coxiellosis among the targeted farms. The apparent prevalence (positive for PCR and/or ELISA) for coxiellosis was reported to be 24.5% in cattle and 8.9% in buffaloes. In cattle, the detection rate of C. burnetii employing the IS1111 gene (8.5%) was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to the com1 (6.5%) gene. The seropositivity by ELISA was higher among cattle (17.7%) than in buffaloes (8.3%). Further, on univariable analysis of risk factors, species (cattle) (OR:3.31; 95%CI:1.88–5.82), inadequate floor spacing (OR:1.64; 95%CI:1.10–2.43), mastitis (OR:2.35, 95%CI:1.45–3.81) and reproductive disorders (OR:2.54; 95%CI:1.67–3.85) were significantly (p<0.05) having high odds for coxiellosis. The multivariable logistic regression analysis of the animal level risk factors revealed that species and age were found to be significantly associated with coxiellosis. However, since the number of screened farms is limited; further research is needed with a higher number of animals to confirm the farm level odds ratio of risk factors. Quarantine and biosecurity measures including farm hygiene operations were observed to be inadequate and also the lack of awareness about coxiellosis among the farm workers. In absence of vaccination program for coxiellosis in India, robust surveillance, farm biosecurity measures and the awareness for the disease among risk groups can play an important role in the disease prevention and subsequent transmission of the pathogen.

Quantification of morphological variations among populations of Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822) from different geographical locations in India

Morphological variations among distinctly distributed populations of Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822) from three different geographical locations in India, viz., Gangetic Plains (GP), Western Hills and Plateau (WHP) and Eastern Himalaya (EH), were studied based on 200 specimens collected from these regions. The average total length of C. gachua was recorded as 128.5±4.0 mm, 126.3±5.5 mm and 123.1±6.9 mm from GP, WHP and EH, respectively. The analysis revealed variations in sixteen morphometric variables out of twenty measured variables among the GP and other two populations (p&lt;0.05), except eye diameter, head width, anal fin base length and caudal fin length. However, WHP and EH populations did not show any significant difference among the measured characters. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that first three PCs explained 90.12% of the total variance. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) revealed that 108 out of 200 fish samples (54.0%) were correctly classified to the actual sampling locations whereas remaining samples (46.0%) showed overlapping spatial distribution. The corrected classification rate of each population ranged from 24 to 67%. It is concluded that despite morphometric variability in head and jaws, features among GP and other two populations studied, the three must still be considered to be of the same species. The study indicates the existence of two distinct stocks of C. gachua; - one in the Gangetic Plains and another in Western Hills and Plateau and Eastern Himalayan regions.

Markers Assessment in Triphala (Batch-I, II &amp; III) and its Ingredients from Different Geographical Locations of India through TPC, TFC, HPLC &amp; HPTLC

Background: Relations among markers, quality assessment and standardization of classical preparations like Triphala an Ayurvedic potent formulation are necessary for the selectivity as well as acceptability of genuine plant drugs and formulation. Objective: Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of three batches of in-house Triphala along with its ingredients collected from three different locations of India with respect to assess the six active markers. Method: Phytochemical studies, spectrophotometric estimations (TPC &amp; TFC), chromatographic (HPLC &amp; HPTLC) methods were developed for the identification and quantification of active markers in Triphala. Result: Chemical analysis and HPTLC profiles with respect of gallic acid at Rf 0.35 of methanol extracts showed the presence of almost similar phytochemicals in three batches. The highest HPLC peak % area for corrilagin, 1,3,6-Trigalloyl-beta-D-glucose, ellagic acid and chebulinic acid was calculated to be 3.753, 5.27, 24.55 and 29.47, respectively with a majority of markers i.e. four observed in batch-III. The percentage amount of TPC at λ max 720 for batch-III of Phyllanthus emblica L., Terminalia bellirica Roxb., Terminalia chebula Retz. and Triphala was 393.1, 374.81, 628 &amp; 644.5 mg of TAE/g dry weight equivalent, respectively. Similarly, TFC at λ max 510 for the same batch and ingredients was calculated to be 60.27, 40.043, 74.84 and 59.21 QUE/g dry weight equivalent, which were also observed to be maximum in batch-III. Conclusion: Batch-III of Triphala is of the highest quality and up to pharmacopoeial standards (API). It may be used to predict the quality and efficacy of various commercial formulations of Triphala. These outcomes may be utilized in pharmaceuticals for routine batch standardization and quality control.