Different Doses Of Lidocaine Research Articles

Curcumin exerts protective effect on PC12 cells against lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity by suppressing the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

To explore the protective effect of curcumin on lidocaine-insulted PC12 cells. We first treated PC12 cells with different doses of lidocaine, and then treated the cells with curcumin or Nod-like receptor pyrin domain3 (NLRP3) inhibitor (MCC950). Subsequently, the cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NLRP3 inflammasome were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), Annexin V/PI staining, FCM and Western blot analysis, respectively, and the level of IL-1β in PC12 cells was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Lidocaine inhibited the viability of PC12 cells, and it induced cell apoptosis, promoted ROS release and activated NLRP3 inflammasome in PC12 cells, but its effects were reversed by the treatment of curcumin. Moreover, NLRP3 over-expression also induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells, which was also rescued by the treatment of curcumin. Our study indicates that curcumin exerts protective effect against lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity on PC12 cells by suppressing the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome, which provides new ideas on screening natural product for neurological damage therapy.

Nitroglycerin as Adjuvant to Two Different Doses of Lidocaine During IVRA for Hand Surgery

Nitroglycerin as Adjuvant to Two Different Doses of Lidocaine During IVRA for Hand Surgery

A novel approach to devise the therapy for ventricular fibrillation by epicardial delivery of lidocaine using active hydraulic ventricular attaching support system: An experimental study in rats.

Active hydraulic ventricular attaching support system (ASD) placed around the heart is not only a novel, nontransplant surgical device used for epicardial administration of drugs like lidocaine, but also a promising treatment option for ventricular fibrillation (VF) and arrhythmias. We hypothesize that lidocaine in 5 mg/kg dose released by ASD significantly improves the VF in the rat model. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were selected and were divided into four groups, intravenous injection (IV), epicardial infusion (EI), ASD, and control. ASD group was further divided into four subgroups for different lidocaine doses (i) ASD+A group (10 mg/kg), (ii) ASD+B group (5 mg/kg), (iii) ASD+C group (1 mg/kg), and (iv) ASD+D group (0.1 mg/kg). VF was induced with calcium chloride injection and was confirmed by electrocardiogram (ECG) in all the groups. VF was treated with different doses of lidocaine using different modes of administration. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 19.0 Chi-square tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Kaplan-Meier curve for OS was compared to the Logrank test based on the survival time. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. ASD + B group (5 mg/kg) showed significantly reduced sgroup. The time of first sinus rhythm recovered (15.96 ± 21.77 min) and ▵T-SOD in plasma (-42.02 ± 26.99 U/mL) was significantly different than that of control, IV, and EI groups. ▵T-SOD in plasma for all ASD-treated groups was smaller than the control and IV groups. This study proves that ASD with 5 mg/kg lidocaine dose appears as a promising therapeutic platform for treating VF in rats. Furthermore, ASD may also have potential for treating VF or other cardiovascular disease with different therapeutic agents. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1722-1731, 2019.

Comparison of two different doses of lidocaine on the pain sensation during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.

To compare two different doses of lidocaine used for periprostatic nerve block on pain perception during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy. A total of 288 patients with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and/or abnormal digital rectal examination who underwent TRUS-guided prostate biopsy were included in the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (n=103) prostate biopsy were performed after administering perianal intrarectal application of 10 mL 2% lidocaine gel, Group 2 (n=98) 2 mL of 2% lidocaine injection on each side following rectal installation of lidocaine gel and Group 3 (n=87) 4 mL of 2% lidocaine injection on each side after rectal instillation of lidocaine gel. Patients' pain scores during biopsy procedure were reported using visual analogue score (VAS). Independent sample t test, ANOVA test and Tukey test were used for statistical evaluation. The mean age, prostate volume and PSA level were 65.6±8.4 years, 58.2±34.8 mL, and 11.8±3.4 ng/mL respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. The mean VAS scores were 2.4±1.8 in Group 1, 2.5±1.9 in Group 2 and 1.6±1.6 in Group 3. Patients in Group 3, reported significant pain reduction compared with patients in Groups 1 and 2 (p=0.002, and 0.001, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant difference in VAS scores between Groups 1 and 2 (p=0.815). According to our results we recommend the use of perianal intrarectal lidocain gel application, and periprostatic nerve block with injection of 4 ml 2% lidocaine per side combination in TRUS-guided prostate biopsies. Further large-scale randomized control studies are needed to validate these finding.

Effects of inhaled aerosolized different doses of lidocaine on lung injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass

Objective To evaluate the effects of inhaled aerosolized different doses of lidocaine on lung injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Thirty ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 18-58 yr,weighing 35-70 kg,undergoing elective cardiac valve replacement with CPB,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),lidocaine 100 mg group (group L1) and lidocaine 200 mg group (group L2).Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of midazolam,etomidate,fentanyl and vecuronium.The patients were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.The aemsolized normal saline 10 ml,2％ lidocaine 5 ml + saline 5 ml and 2％ lidocaine 10 ml were inhaled in C,L1 and L2 groups,respectively,starting from 10 min after induction.At 10 min after induction (T0),1 and 10 min after opening of vena cava (T1,2),and the end of CPB (T3),blood samples were collected from the left radial artery (LRA) and right atrium (RA) for determination of plasma interleukin8 (IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (using ELISA) and the expression of CD11 b on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (by flow cytometry).Blood samples were collected from the left radial artery at T0,immediately after beginning of CPB,at T3 and at 2 and 6 h after termination of CPB for blood gas analysis.The oxygenation index (OI),respiratory index (RI) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were calculated.Results Compared with group C,the ratio between IL-8 concentration in LRA and in RA (concentration of IL-8LRA/RA) was significantly decreased at T2,3,the concentration of MDALRA/RA was decreased at T3 (P ＜ 0.05),no significant change was found in the expression of CD11bLRA/RA at each time point (P ＞ 0.05),and RI was decreased at T3 in L1 and L2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the concentration of IL-8LRA/RA,TNF-αLRA/RA and MDALRA/RA,expression of CD11bLR A/RA,RI,OI and Cdyn at each time point between group L2 and group L1 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Aerosolized lidocaine inhalation can attenuate lung injury and improve lung function in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB by reducing inflammatory responses and lipid peroxidation in lung tissues. Key words: Lidocaine; Metered dose inhalers; Extracorporeal circulation; Respiratory distress syndrome, adult

Cardiorespiratory and antinociceptive effects of two different doses of lidocaine administered to horses during a constant intravenous infusion of xylazine and ketamine

BackgroundThis study investigated the antinociceptive effects of a constant rate infusion (CRI) of lidocaine during xylazine and ketamine anesthesia in horses and aimed to correlate these effects with cardiorespiratory variables, bispectral index (BIS) and plasma lidocaine concentrations. Six adult crossbred mares weighing 320–400 kg were anesthetized on three different occasions. Sedation was performed with xylazine (0.75 mg/kg IV) and anesthetic induction with guaifenesin (75 mg/kg IV) and ketamine (2 mg/kg IV). Anesthesia was maintained with 37.5 μg/kg/min of xylazine and 87.5 μg/kg/min of ketamine both administered intravenously for 75 min. The three treatments consisted of: lidocaine (loading dose: 5 mg/kg, CRI: 100 μg/kg/min; THL); lidocaine (loading dose: 2.5 mg/kg; CRI: 50 μg/kg/min: TLL); and saline (TS); all given 15 min after induction and maintained for 1 h. Antinociception was measured by response to electrical stimulation and bispectral index (BIS) was recorded during anesthesia. Parametric and non-parametric data were compared using ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls and Friedman tests, respectively.ResultsPlasma lidocaine concentrations peaked at the end of lidocaine loading dose and was greater in THL (9.61 ± 2.75 μg/mL) vs TLL (4.50 ± 3.34 μg/mL). Electrical noxious stimulation caused purposeful movement in all horses from TS, but no response in THL. The BIS was decreased in THL only and was less when compared to the other treatments throughout anesthesia. Blood pressure, PaO2 and PaCO2 increased and heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), pH, total plasma protein and temperature decreased during anesthesia in all treatments. PaCO2 and HR were greater and RR and pH less in THL compared to TLL and TS at 30 min during anesthesia. All recoveries were considered excellent. Time to standing was longer after THL (60 ± 20 min) than following TLL and TS (32 ± 17 and 30 ± 15 min, respectively).ConclusionsAt the highest dose administered (THL) lidocaine CRI during xylazine/ketamine anesthesia decreased BIS and motor response to noxious stimulation, and prolonged recovery time without significant added cardiorespiratory depression.

Lidocaine administration before tracheal extubation cannot reduce post-operative cognition disorders in elderly patients

Background:Cognitive dysfunction after surgery is common in elderly patients. Many factors such as anesthetic drugs can cause complication in this surgery. Lidocaine is one of the drugs commonly used during anesthesia. So, we designed this study to find out cognitive effect of lidocaine in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries.Materials and Methods:In this double-blinded clinical trial, we enrolled 70 patients older than 65 years age undergoing urologic or orthopedic surgeries, were divided in two groups. Patients randomly received intravenous lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg) or normal saline in the same volume immediately before extubation. Mini mental state examination (MMSE) test was used to evaluate cognitive state at discharge time, 6 and 24 h after surgery.Results:Mean MMSE scores at the time of discharge from recovery room in lidocaine and saline groups were 22.4 ± 4.5 vs. 22.1 ± 4.4, P = 0.755, respectively. It was significantly lower than MMSE before surgery, 6 and 24 h after the operation. The mean MMSE scores and frequency distribution of intensity of cognitive impairments were not significantly different between two groups at different times.Conclusion:Bolus intravenous lidocaine before extubation, did not affect cognitive states in elders undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Effect of lidocaine on cardiac surgeries is clear, but in non-cardiac surgeries, lidocaine has no clinical effects. So, more studies with different doses of lidocaine and different assessment methods are recommended.

Effects of different doses of lidocaine on acute liver injury in septic rats

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of lidocaine on acute liver injury in septic rats.Methods Fifty male Wistar rats,weighing 200-250 g,aged 8-10 weeks,were randomly divided into 5 groups(n =10 each):sham operation group(group S),sepsis group(group CLP),and different doses of lidocaine groups(groups L1-3).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)in anesthetized rats.At 0,1 and 2 h after CLP,lidocaine 5,10 and 20 mg/kg(in normal saline 0.5 ml)were injected intraperitoneally in groups L1-3 respectively,while normal saline 0.5 ml was given in groups S and CLP.At 24 h after CLP,blood samples were taken for determination of the plasma alanine aminotran sferase(ALT)concenlralion.The rats were then sacrificed,and the liver was removed for microscopic examination and determination of the hepatic high-mobility group box 1 protein(HMGBI)mRNA expression.Results Compared with group S,the plasma ALT concentration was significandy increased and hepatic HMGBI mRNA expression was up-regulated in groups CLP and L1-3(P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group CLP,HMGBI mRNA expression was down-regulated in groups 14-3,while the plasma ALT concentration was decreased in groups L2 and L3(P ＜ 0.05),The plasma ALT concentration was significantly decreased and HMGBI mRNA expression was down-regulated in groups L2 and L3 com pared with group L1,and in group L3 compared with group L2(P ＜ 0.05).The microscopic examination showed that the pathologic changes were attenuated in groups L1-3,and the changes were least severe in group L3.Concluslon Lidocaine can reduce acute liver injury in septic rats,this effect is dose-related,and inhibition of hepatic HMGBI mRNA expression is involved in the mechanism. Key words: Lidocaine; Sepsis; Liver function tests

Effect of intrathecal Bupivacaine–Lidocaine combination on motor block and analgesia period

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of intrathecal Bupivacain–Lidocaine combination at different doses of Lidocaine (6 and 12mg) on the onset and recovery of anesthesia. MethodsNinety patients who were scheduled for elective lower abdominal surgery were randomly allocated into three equal groups: Group I; 30 patients received 1.5mL hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine+0.6mL saline. Group II; 30 patients received 1.5mL hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine+0.6mL 1% Lidocaine [6mg] mixed. Group III; 30 patients received 1.5mL hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine+0.6mL 2% Lidocaine [12mg]. Peak sensory block level, time to peak sensory block, times to two-segment, S2 regressions from peak sensory block, motor blocks at peak sensory block and total motor block duration, post anesthesia care unit stay time and analgesia time were measured. ResultsThe median height of peak sensory block in Group III was higher than in Group I or II. Times to two-segment and S2 regressions from peak sensory block, motor block duration and PACU time were significantly reduced in Group II compared to Group I and III. No patient required general anesthesia. No patients experienced postdural puncture headache or TNS. ConclusionsLidocaine 1% (6mg) mixed to spinal 1.5mL hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine (7.5mg) can shorten the duration of Bupivacaine spinal anesthesia, provide more rapid recovery from the spinal anesthesia compared to the same dose of 0.5% Bupivacaine (7.5mg) alone or the same dose of 0.5% Bupivacaine (7.5mg) mixed with 0.6mL 2% Lidocaine (12mg).

Effect of different doses of lidocaine on expression of HMGB1 in small intestine in septic rats

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of lidocaine on expression of the high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in small intestine in septic rats.Methods Fifty adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =10 each):sham operation group (group S),sepsis group( group Sep ) and different doses of lidocaine group (group L1～3 ).Group S were not applied cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).Sepsis intestinal damage model was performed in group Sep by CLP.Group L1～3 were given intraperitoneally lidocaine in a dose ofS,10 and 20 mg/kg at immediately,1 and 2 h after CLP,respectively.Isometric normal saline was given intraperitoneally in group S and group Sep.The small intestine tissues were taken at 24 and 48 h after CLP.The small intestine morphology was observed with optical microscope.The expression of the HMGB1 mRNA were examined by PCR and the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) were determined by ELISA.Results Compared with group S,the expression of HMGB1 mRNA was increased and the activity of DAO decreased in group Sep and groups L1～3 at 24 and 48 h after CLP ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with group Sep,the expression of HMGB1 mRNA was decreased and the activity of DAO increased in a dose-dependent manner in groups L1～3 ( P ＜0.05),The injury of pathology of small intestine was slighter in groups L1～3 than in group Sep.Conclusion Lidocaine can reduce samll intestine injury through inhibiting HMGB1 expression in septic rats by a dose-dependent manner. Key words: Lidocaine; Sepsis; Intestine, small; High mobility group proteins

ON THE MECHANISM OF CARBAMAZEPIN-INDUCED ANTINOCICEPTION IN THE FORMALIN TEST

In the present study, the effect of lidocaine (a sodium channel blocker) on carbamazepine-induced antinociception, in formalin test was investigated. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of different doses of carbamazepine (3.5, 7, 15, and 30 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent antinociception in mice, in the first and second phases of the test. Different doses of lidocaine as a sodium channel blocker (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) also induced antinociception in both phases of the formalin test. It is noted that lidocaine could potentiate the response of carbamazepine in the first, but not in the second, phase of the formalin test. Meanwhile i.p. administration of different doses of Prazosin, α1 adrenoceptor antagonist (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg), Yohimbine, α2 adrenoceptor antagonist (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg), Bicuculline, GABAA receptor antagonist (1.5 and 3 mg/kg), and CGP 35348, GABAB receptor antagonist (100 and 200 mg/kg) exert dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in both phases of the formalin test. It should be noted that bicuculline 0.75 mg/kg by itself increased pain score in the second phase of the formalin test, indicating that blockade of GABAA receptor subtype may induce chronic pain. None of the aforementioned drugs could alter the antinociceptive response of carbamazepine in the formalin test. It is concluded that sodium channel mechanisms may be involved partly in the antinociceptive induced by carbamazepine.

The effects of a sodium and a calcium channel blocker on lethality of mice injected with the yellow scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus) venom

Scorpion venom toxins generally produce similar effects by mainly acting on sodium channels, and to a lesser extent, on potassium, calcium, and chloride channels. This leads to increased release of neurotransmitters and mediators, resulting in a cascade of pathological events, involving the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, the cardiovascular and the respiratory system, eventually leading to death. The objective of this paper was to discover whether a sodium channel blocker, lidocaine, or a calcium channel blocker, verapamil, would prolong the survival of mice injected with the venom from the common yellow scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus (LQQ). For this purpose, mice were divided into 2 groups, each injected with a different venom dose (250 or 300 µg.kg-1, s.c.). Subgroups (n=10) from each group were given venom alone; different doses of lidocaine (4, 10, 15, or 20 mg.kg-1); or several doses of verapamil (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, or 1 mg.kg-1). All doses of lidocaine and verapamil were intravenously administered 3 minutes before, 1, 5, and 15 minutes after venom injection. Percent surviving after 24 hours was recorded in addition to the time of death. In general, lidocaine significantly prolonged survival at the dose of 10 mg.kg-1 (P<0.05 and P<0.01, versus low and high dose of venom, respectively) or 15 mg.kg-1 (P<0.01 and P<0.001, versus low and high dose of venom, respectively; Covariance Wilcoxon survival statistics), especially when injected before the venom or in the early stages of envenomation. On the other hand, in all doses administered, verapamil was either toxic or showed non-significant results. Lidocaine, the sodium channel blocker, appears to play an important role in the protection from lethality of mice injected with LQQ venom, and significantly prolonged the survival time of mice whether injected before or in the early stages of envenomation.

A dose–response study of intravenous regional analgesia with lidocaine in rabbits

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the analgesic and side effects of three different doses of lidocaine for intravenous regional analgesia (IVRA). Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were used for the study. Rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. Group I received 0.5% lidocaine (3 mg/kg), Group II received 1% lidocaine (6 mg/kg), Group III received 1.5% lidocaine (9 mg/kg). Onset time of analgesia in Group III was significantly shorter than in Groups I and II. The durations of motor blockade and analgesia increased significantly in a dose dependent manner. In all the groups, there were statistical significance increases of sedation scores after tourniquet removal. Significant dose dependent reductions of heart and respiratory rates after tourniquet release were observed. In conclusion, 6 and 9 mg/kg lidocaine given intravenously produced a shorter onset time of IVRA, and a longer analgesia and motor blockade than 3 mg/kg without life threatening complications.

Efficacy of Different Doses of Lidocaine in the Prevention of Pain Due to Propofol Injection: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial in 120 Patients

Background: The incidence of pain due to propofol injection is high, but the most efficacious method of preventing this pain has not been identified. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of lidocaine, at different doses and schedules, on propofol injection pain. Methods: In this open-label study, conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Erciyes University Gevher Nesibe Hospital (Kayseri, Turkey), patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists Patient Acuity Classification I-II (ASA I-II) (ie, patients with absent [I] or mild [II] underlying systemic disease) aged 18 to 60 years undergoing various types of surgery were eligible. Patients were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment groups: group 1 received propofol; group 2, a combination of propofol plus lidocaine 10 mg; group 3, lidocaine 10 mg 30 seconds before propofol administration; and group 4, lidocaine 1 mg/kg 30 seconds before propofol administration (all drugs were administered intravenously). After cessation of the standard replacement fluid infusion (isotonic saline), propofol was given at a rate of 2 mL every 5 seconds until a dose of 2 mg/kg was reached. The patients were asked to rate their pain according to the following scale: 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe. Results: A total of 120 patients (61 men, 59 women; mean [SD] age, 38.7 [8.9] years) were enrolled in the study (n = 30 patients in each group). The incidence of injection pain in groups 2 and 4 was significantly lower than that in groups 1 and 3 (all P<0.05), but no significant difference in the incidence of pain was found between groups 1 and 3. The incidence of pain in group 2 was significantly lower than that in group 4 ( P<0.05). Conclusions: In this study population, the addition of 10 mg of lidocaine to propofol 2 mg/kg, or the administration of 1 mg/kg of lidocaine 30 seconds before the administration of propofol 2 mg/kg, effectively decreased pain caused by propofol injection. Furthermore, a lower dose of lidocaine could be used. Based on our results, we suggest mixing propofol with 10 mg of lidocaine to decrease pain due to propofol injection during anesthesia induction.

Lidocaine As Antagonist of Scorpion Poison Toxicity from Centruroides limpidus limpidus

Background In Mexico, scorpion poisoning is a health problem because the poison has beta toxins that affect sodium channel activation. Lidocaine decreases ion permeability across the sodium channel acting in the opposite manner. The aim of this work is to determine whether lidocaine antagonized the toxic effect of the crude poison of Centruroides limpidus limpidus. Methods One half the lethal dose of the crude poison was determined alone and in the presence of different doses of lidocaine. Experiments with crude poison at LD 50 and crude poison plus lidocaine were carried out after 30, 90, and 180 min of poison inoculation; lung, heart, and brain were obtained for histopathologic analysis. Results Lidocaine (7 mg/kg dose) increased LD 50 of crude poison (2.95 ± 0.22 to 6.68 ± 0.25, p <0.001). Intraalveolar hemorrhage at 30, 90, and 180 min, myocardial edema, and brain congestion at 90 min were significantly reduced ( p <0.05) Conclusions Lidocaine exerts a protective effect against toxicity of the crude poison of Centruroides limpidus limpidus, probably by its antagonist activity on the sodium channel.