Different Countries Of Origin Research Articles

Conducting Digital Intervention Research among Immigrant Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: Methodological, Safety and Ethnical Considerations.

Intimate partner violence, described as a global pandemic by the United Nations, has been found to disproportionately affect immigrant women. Many immigrant survivors of IPV are unable or unwilling to attend in-person services due to barriers related to immigration status, transportation, and social isolation. By providing remote support to women in abusive relationships, digital interventions can help address these barriers and ensure their health and safety. Research on safe and ethical approaches to digital service delivery for immigrant IPV survivors is a necessary first step to meeting these women’s needs for remote support. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore considerations and challenges of conducting digital intervention research (online, phone and text) with diverse groups of immigrant women. Data was collected via 5 focus groups and 46 in-depth interviews with immigrant survivors of IPV from different countries of origin. In addition, data was collected via key informant interviews with 17 service providers. Participants shared safety, ethical and methodological challenges to accessing interventions, such as their abusive partner being at home or lack of safe access to technology. Further, participants shared strategies for safe data collection, such as scheduling a contact time when participants are afforded privacy and deleting evidence of the intervention to retain personal safety. The findings will be informative for researchers conducting digital intervention studies or practitioners engaging in remote intervention approaches with marginalized populations such as immigrant women at high risk of violence.

Leisure as a Space for Inclusion and the Improvement of Life Satisfaction of Immigrants

Immigration has increased as a transnational phenomenon in Europe in recent years. A total of 2.4 million people migrated to one of the EU-28 Member States during 2018 as discussed by Eurostat (2020). This new reality presents us with new challenges, barriers, and paradigms of intervention. In this context, leisure has become one of the most important tools for the inclusion of this population and the development and strengthening of civic values that are essential in these times of constant mobility and social and cultural hybridization as discussed by Ashcroft, Griffiths & Tiffin (2006). The aim of this study was to analyze the role of leisure in processes related to inclusion, improvement of life satisfaction, and those related to covering the needs of migrants. For this purpose, a questionnaire was used which was administered to 373 people from different countries of origin in the Basque Country (Northern Spain). The variables under study were participation in leisure activities, needs covered, life satisfaction, and perception of inclusion. The results indicate that the participation of these people in leisure activities and free time, their inclusion in the territory, and their perceived life satisfaction are all low, while their needs (physical, psychological, educational, social, relaxation, physiological, and artistic) are not satisfactorily covered. Furthermore, the extent to which their needs are covered, strength of the social network, inclusion, and life satisfaction all show a correlation with free time and engagement in leisure activities.

Prostate Cancer Disparities in Hispanics Using the National Cancer Database

ObjectivesTo evaluate the differences in prostate cancer characteristics and treatment between Hispanic Americans with different countries of origin using the National Cancer Database. MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 54,947 adult Hispanic Americans diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2004 and 2015. Origin was Mexican (N = 7844; 14.3%), South/Central American (N = 4010; 7.3%), Puerto Rican (N = 2938; 5.4%), Cuban (N = 2549; 4.6%), Dominican (N = 1535; 2.8%), Hispanic not specified (N = 36,269; 65.7%). Comparison between characteristics among Hispanic American sub-groups’ categories was performed using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests for categorical and continuous variables respectively. ResultsMexicans had overall worse disease at presentation including highest median PSA (7.8 ng/mL), most prevalent T3/T4 stage (6.7%), M1 stage (8.9%), and high-grade Gleason scores (24.0%) when compared to all other Hispanic American groups. Cubans were most likely to receive hormone therapy and radiation therapy and least likely to receive surgical treatment. Compared to Mexicans, Cubans (hazards ratio [HR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = [1.16-1.44]) had worse overall survival, while Puerto Ricans (HR = 1.08 [0.95-1.19] had similar overall survival, and Dominicans (HR = 0.63 [0 0.53-0.75]), South/Central Americans (HR = 0.75, [0.66-0.84]) and not specified (HR = 0.84 [0.79-0.91]) had better survival. ConclusionAmong Hispanic Americans with different countries of origin, disparities in prostate cancer characteristics, treatment choice, and survival do exist. Mexicans had the least favorable prostate cancer characteristics at presentation. Cubans had the worst overall survival while they were also most likely to receive hormone and/or radiation as first-line treatment. Our analysis demonstrates significant heterogeneity in the Hispanic American population.

Assessment of Bioactive Compounds in Red Wines Available for Purchase in Latvia

Abstract Moderate consumption of wine is associated with positive health effects. Red wine contains more polyphenolic compounds than white wine, so it is considered healthier. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of bioactive compounds of red grape and berry wines available for purchase in Latvia. A selection of 15 red grape and berry wines purchased in Latvian supermarkets were analysed. The total phenol concentration was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method with minor modifications. Total flavonoid concentration was determined using the colorimetric flavonoid determination method. Antiradical activity was determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydraziyl) reagent and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation determination method. The results show that the analysed red wine samples can be divided into five clusters according to the concentration of total phenols, flavonoids, and antiradical activity. Cluster 1 separately divided Latvian black chokeberry wine, with high total phenol concentration (TPC) and total flavonoid concentration (TFC), high antiradical activity via the DPPH method, and relatively low antiradical activity via ABTS method. Cluster 4 combined red wines with medium TPC, high TFC and high antiradical activity via both DPPH and ABTS methods, and included grape wines from different countries of origin. Cluster 5 combined red wines with high TPC, medium TFC, and medium antiradical activity via both DPPH and ABTS methods.

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in commercial olive oils by HPLC/GC/MS – Occurrence, composition and sources

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large class of organic compounds produced from incomplete combustion. Many PAHs are mutagenic and some are carcinogenic and pose a health risk to humans. Dietary intake of PAHs is a major route of exposure, where fats and edible oils are important contributors to overall dietary PAH exposure. Composed of hundreds of individual compounds as a complex mixture, only 16 PAHs are typically monitored in food and the environment. In this present study we analyzed 16 commercial olive oil samples from different countries of origin and type (virgin or refined oil) for their content of 45 PAHs using a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector. The content of the 45 PAHs varied between 9.17 and 94.7 μg/kg (median: 30.1 μg/kg) in the different olive oil samples. Only one sample didn't meet the regulatory threshold levels for PAHs. The compositional profile of PAHs across the olive oil samples showed a high abundance of PAHs of lower molecular weights, and a large contribution of alkylated PAHs regardless of olive oil type. Direct contact with diesel exhaust emissions from mechanical harvesters has previously shown to affect PAH levels in olive oils. Using diagnostic PAH ratios, biomass/coal combustion and/or petroleum/fossil fuel combustion were indicated as important sources. Source apportionment by Positive Matrix Factorization revealed diesel exhaust emission and biomass combustion as the two major sources of PAHs followed by traffic emissions. This suggests that air quality may have a considerable impact on pollution levels in olive oils and thus indirectly affect dietary exposure.

Assessment of the Microbiological Quality and Safety of Unpasteurized Milk Cheese for Sale in England between 2019 and 2020

Cheese made with unpasteurized milk has been associated with outbreaks of illness. However, there are limited data on the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in these products and a lack of clarity over the significance of E. coli as a general indicator of hygiene in raw milk cheeses. The aim of this study was to provide further data to address both of these issues, as well as assessing the overall microbiological quality of raw milk cheeses available to consumers in England. A total of 629 samples of cheese were collected from retailers, catering premises, and manufacturers throughout England. The majority (80%) were made using cow's milk, with 14% made from sheep's milk and 5% from goat's milk. Samples were from 18 different countries of origin, with the majority originating from either the United Kingdom (40%) or France (35%). When interpreted against European Union microbiological criteria and United Kingdom guidance, 82% were considered to be of satisfactory microbiological quality, 5% were borderline, and 12% were unsatisfactory. Four samples (0.6%) were potentially injurious to health due to the isolation of STEC from one, >104 CFU/g of coagulase-positive staphylococci in two, and >100 CFU/g of Listeria monocytogenes in the fourth sample. Indicator E. coli and Listeria species were detected more frequently in soft compared with hard cheese. Higher levels of indicator E. coli were significantly associated with a greater likelihood of detecting Shiga toxin genes (stx1 and/or stx2).

Well-being of old natives and immigrants in Europe: does the socio-cultural integration matter

The first aim of the study is to explore the determinants of socio-cultural integration and to compare the degree of this integration between natives and immigrants. The second aim is to examine the relationship between socio-cultural integration and the subjective well-being (SWB) of both natives and migrant populations. We use panel data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe across the period 2004-2017 in 29 countries. We apply seemingly unrelated regressions (SURE) to explore the simultaneous relationship between socio-cultural integration and well-being. We consider first and second-generation immigrants and also immigrants from different countries of origin. Our findings suggest that first-generation immigrants are less likely to participate in the socio-cultural activities explored. However, those who are engaged in those activities, participate more frequently than natives. Furthermore, even though immigrants report lower levels of SWB, the latter is significantly enhanced with socio-cultural integration.

Genetic Diversity of Armenian Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Germplasm: Molecular Characterization and Parentage Analysis.

Simple SummaryThe knowledge of genetic diversity and relatedness among grapevine varieties is important for recognizing gene pools. One of the major goals of the present large-scale study was to evaluate the level and relationships of existing genetic diversity across Armenia, aiming to identify genotypes that could provide genetic insights into the Armenian grapevine germplasm structure. A combination of nuclear microsatellite markers and ampelography proved useful to determine the identity of collected samples recovered from old vineyards and home gardens. Synonyms, homonyms, alternative spellings, and misnomers were clarified. First-degree genetic relationships between autochthonous varieties were partly uncovered. Missing parents might still exist in old vineyards but were not sampled yet or might have disappeared over time. The continuation of prospections to fill that gap is planned. The high number of new bred varieties included in the study reflects the enormous breeding activity in Armenia. The high number of alleles, high level of observed and effective heterozygosity, and presence of female APT3-allele 366, which is absent in western European cultivars, illustrate the huge diversity of the Armenian germplasm. Presumably, these findings are related to recurrent introgression of Vitis sylvestris into the cultivated compartment during domestication events. So far, the present study is the first most representative and comprehensive analysis of Armenian grape germplasm.Armenia is an important country of origin of cultivated Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera and wild Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris and has played a key role in the long history of grape cultivation in the Southern Caucasus. The existence of immense grapevine biodiversity in a small territory is strongly linked with unique relief and diverse climate conditions assembled with millennium-lasting cultural and historical context. In the present in-depth study using 25 nSSR markers, 492 samples collected in old vineyards, home gardens, and private collections were genotyped. For verification of cultivar identity, the symbiotic approach combining genotypic and phenotypic characterization for each genotype was carried out. The study provided 221 unique varieties, including 5 mutants, from which 66 were widely grown, neglected or minor autochthonous grapevine varieties, 49 turned out to be new bred cultivars created within the national breeding programs mainly during Soviet Era and 34 were non-Armenian varieties with different countries of origin. No references and corresponding genetic profiles existed for 67 genotypes. Parentage analysis was performed inferring 62 trios with 53 out of them having not been previously reported and 185 half-kinships. Instability of grapevine cultivars was detected, showing allelic variants, with three and in rare cases four alleles at one loci. Obtained results have great importance and revealed that Armenia conserved an extensive grape genetic diversity despite geographical isolation and low material exchange. This gene pool richness represents a huge reservoir of under-explored genetic diversity.

Description of a Culture-Sensitive, Low-Threshold Psychoeducation Intervention for Asylum Seekers (Tea Garden).

Asylum seekers often suffer from high levels of mental distress. However, as a result of a lack of knowledge about mental health and health care, as well as cultural and language barriers, the utilization of mental health care in Western host countries is often difficult for these individuals. Reducing these barriers may thus be a crucial first step towards appropriate mental health care. Previous research showed that psychoeducation may be helpful in this regard. The current manuscript describes a short, low-threshold and transdiagnostic intervention named 'Tea Garden (TG)'. The TG aims to increase specific knowledge about mental health problems and available treatments, and may improve psychological resilience and self-care. In this manuscript, we specifically focus on culturally sensitive facets, following the framework proposed by Heim and colleagues (2021, https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.6351), and lessons learned from three independent pilot evaluations (Ns = 31; 61; 20). The TG was found to be feasible and quantitative results showed that it was helpful for male and female asylum seekers from different countries of origin (e.g., Afghanistan, Syria, Pakistan, Iraq) and with different educational levels. Interestingly, even asylum seekers who had already been in Germany or Austria for three or more years benefited from the TG. The TG specifically aims to be culture-sensitive rather than culture-specific, to be transdiagnostic rather than focused on specific mental disorders, and to be suitable for asylum seekers who are still in the insecure process of applying for asylum. It may also be helpful for distressed asylum seekers who do not fulfill the criteria for a mental disorder, and for healthy asylum seekers who could use the knowledge gained in the TG to help others.

At Home: Place Attachment and Identity in an Italian Refugee Sample.

The central tenet of Place Attachment theory states that an individual has an inborn predisposition to form strong bonds with places as well as with people. Our qualitative study applies this theory to understand how, despite loss and adversity, refugees are able to reconstruct a sense of identity, community, and “home”. Participants included 15 forcibly displaced people from different countries of origin. Semistructured interviews explored factors that facilitate participants’ integration in a new context and the impact of this context on their sense of identity. Data were analysed using Consensual Qualitative Research Methodology to identify recurrent themes and their frequencies within interview transcripts. Within the relational dimensions of place attachment, affiliation, and seeking help from others, the study explores the factors that facilitate the integration of refugees in a new context and the impact of this context on their sense of identity, identifying recurrent themes and their frequencies within interview transcripts. The most frequent resulting themes were (a) a sense of identity and (b) expectations toward the resettlement country. Additional, though less frequent, themes included: (c) sense of belonging, (d) community integration, (e) trust, (f) opportunity seizing, (g) being a point of reference for others, (h) sense of community, (i) positive memories, (j) refusal. These results begin to describe the ways by which Place Attachment, toward both birth and resettlement countries, contributes to a restructured identity and sense of “feeling at home” for refugees.

Refugee education: Introduction to the special section

This special section focuses on education in relation to diverse refugee groups by exploring and engaging interdisciplinary perspectives. A collection of nine articles articulates the plight of refugees in the resettlement context at the nexus of conflicts with host citizens, pre‐migration trauma and post‐migration stress, and educational opportunities for survival and upward social mobility. Refugees discussed in this special section come from different countries of origin, while facing similar challenges of integration in different host countries. Beginning with the context and common background of refugees, this editorial analyses the underlying mechanisms of anti‐refugee sentiments based on the host countries studied in the nine articles, including Australia, Canada, Greece, Kenya, the United Kingdom, the United States, South Korea, Sweden and Turkey. It then discusses the following themes derived from the nine articles: (1) the gap between refugees’ educational aspirations and opportunities; (2) refugees’ identity negotiation; and (3) educational practices, policies and leadership for refugees. Lastly, it synthesises the central arguments of the articles to give a sense of how anti‐refugee sentiments are interconnected with barriers to learning for refugees and to provide a rationale for institutionalising inclusive education for them. This special section is aimed at encouraging readers to adopt a multi‐layered lens for examining refugee education to better understand how refugees are not only traumatised victims of extremist ideologies, but also ostracised in a wide range of settings including schools, universities and communities in their host countries.

Influence of different levels of ethnocentrism of the Brazilian consumer on the choice of dulce de leche from different countries of origin

Dulce de leche, a concentrated dairy product with high added value, is an essential product of Brazilian culture. However, with a competitive market among economic blocks, it is important to know if the country of origin influences the perception of consumers and the intention to purchase a product, aiming to boost production in the domestic market. This study aimed to assess the impact of different levels of ethnocentrism on the consumer perception and buying behavior toward dulce de leche (DL) from other countries (Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil). Through an online survey, participants' demographic data (n = 224) was collected. Then they were encouraged to identify the purchase motivation using the Hard Laddering (HL) methodology and to assess the consumer's level of ethnocentrism (CE) with CESTSCALE. Three distinct groups were identified: high, moderate, and low ethnocentric. Consumers with high CE declared themselves conservative, with a more significant number of self-employed workers, and prefer and always buy national products. This group had a robust dominant chain only for the national product, highlighting the flavor and quality, and values ​​of nationalism and solidarity with local producers. On the other hand, consumers with low CE were self-declared liberal and had a higher level of education. They demonstrated significantly more favorable attitudes and intentions towards purchasing imported products due to improved quality, although patriotic behavior was also evident. We conclude that with CETSCALE, it was possible to identify that the sample of the Brazilian population studied has different levels of CE, which strongly impact the purchase attitude of products, especially the imported ones. However, it was only through the HL technique that it was noticed that, in addition to its intrinsic characteristics, patriotism is an important factor for the product and can be used as a sales motivator. This study demonstrated the importance of promoting the development of DL in the domestic market and encourage aspects of the origin, as they are fundamental in the choice of this product by the consumer, which helps local industries.

Tortures alleged by migrants in Italy: compatibility and other medicolegal challenges

BackgroundIllegal immigration to Europe is a well-known phenomenon whose numbers are being steadily increasing in recent years. Most of the immigrants in Italy come from war zones, and many of them submit an asylum application supported by the complaint to have been victims of persecutory acts in their home countries.Material and methodsOne hundred ninety-six medicolegal reports are analyzed considering the different country of origin, the type of the lesions claimed, tools used, evidenced effects, location of the perpetration of the physical abuses, and the possible motivation of the alleged torture.ResultsGreater than 80% of the assessed asylum seekers are over 18-year males coming from African countries. Fifty-eight percent of migrants were tortured or abused in countries of transit, 95% in Libya. Economic, familial, politic, and ethnic reasons prevail in some countries of origin, while tortures or abuses perpetrated in transit countries are mainly linked to forced labor and detention. In the 42.2% of cases, no physical evidence of tortures was detected. The Istanbul Protocol resulted to have been only partly applicable and about 40% of the medicolegal reports are “inconclusive” about the compatibility of physical evidence with the alleged tortures.ConclusionsThe medicolegal and forensic experts involved in torture and ill-treatment cases should seek specific education and training to lower the risks of underestimation and the rate of inconclusive reports. More extensive implementation of the Istanbul Protocol in daily practice should be pursued by the authorities in charge of asylum or protection releasement.

Energy storage integration towards achieving grid decarbonization: A bibliometric analysis and future directions

During the last decade, numerous important benefits have been considered in energy storage development as a form of grid decarbonization that has enhanced a great impact on innovation, investigation, and further developments for emerging energy storage technologies. In this article, a comprehensive overview and investigation have been provided in the field of energy storage to achieve grid decarbonization. Related articles on energy storage integration were searched on the Scopus database under some defined conditions for the selection of the hot articles in this field. Most of the articles were published in 2018s (20) and the country of origin of the largest number of papers in Germany (19). The most profile authors were from 3 different countries of origin (seven of them from Germany) and 5 different institutions, which published 35 articles. This study identified that energy storage integration as a form of achieving grid decarbonization has offered great insights into the advancement and development in this research area. In this study, grid conned energy storage was determined based on evidence through bibliometric analysis to identify the most influential articles, journals, and countries in the field, mapping the interdisciplinary character, visualizing nature and trends, and synthesizing areas for further research. It is estimated that selecting, developing, and investigating the highest cited papers and its analysis will contribute to a systematic basis for future advancement of energy storage integration and suggest promising avenues for further research towards achieving grid decarbonization.

Quality Characteristics of Wheat Malts with Different Country of Origin and Their Effect on Beer Brewing

The characteristics of wheat malt, wort, and beer from two Korean wheat varieties (Keumkang and Anzunbaengi; KM and AM, respectively) were compared to those of two commercial wheat malt controls from the USA and Germany (UM and GM), to examine the feasibility of Korean wheat for brewing. The quality parameters of four wheat malts, chemical properties of wort using them, volatile compounds, sensory attributes, and consumer acceptability of four final beers (KB, AB, UB, and GB) were analysed. Additionally, the relationship of each parameter was determined through multiple factor analysis. Korean wheat malts were different from control malts in free amino nitrogen (FAN), soluble and total nitrogen, and Kolbach index. The extract (81.8–83.2%) and diastatic power (407–477 WK°) of all samples were in the brewing field’s recommended range. The FAN and yeast cell population of the wort samples were similar during fermentation except on the initial day, which showed a high FAN and yeast cell population for KM wort. Eleven volatile compounds with variable importance in projection scores above 1.0 were responsible for discrimination of the beer samples by partial least squares discriminant analysis. The four beer samples’ overall acceptance scores were not significantly different. However, their acceptance trends were different depending on consumer preference segments by agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis, implying the need for product development depending on the target consumer. Regarding sensory attributes, KB had a less fruity flavour than the other beer samples ( p < 0.05 ) and sweetness of AB tended to be higher than the others. An association plot based on multiple factor analysis of the wheat beer samples, volatile compounds, sensory properties, and overall acceptance showed that sweetness, alcohol aroma, and fruity flavour were closely associated with AB and overall acceptance, while 2,3-butanediol and turbidity were placed opposite side of there.

Teacher-Student Relationships in Childhood as a Protective Factor against Adolescent Delinquency up to Age 17: A Propensity Score Matching Approach.

In this paper we examined the impact of the quality of teacher-student relationships at age 10 on young people's delinquency at ages 13, 15, and 17 utilizing propensity-score matching. The young people were matched based on 105 characteristics, measured at ages 7 to 10. The sample comprised 1483 (49.4% female) adolescents representing around 80 different countries of origin, residing in Zurich, Switzerland. We found that young people who reported a better relationship with their teacher at age 10, engaged in fewer delinquent acts at ages 13, 15, and 17. These findings suggest that when young people perceive a better relationship with their teachers this serves as a protective factor against their engagement in delinquency up to 7 years later.

Phytochemical Differentiation of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Metabolomic Studies.

The metabolite profiling of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) from several countries was measured by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HR MS). Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to distinguish among the several samples of C. sativus L. from Greece, Italy, Morocco, Iran, India, Afghanistan and Kashmir. The results of this study showed that the phytochemical content in the samples of C. sativus L. were obviously diverse in the different countries of origin. The metabolomics approach was deemed to be the most suitable in order to evaluate the enormous array of putative metabolites among the saffron samples studied, and was able to provide a comparative phytochemical screening of these samples. Several markers have been identified that aided the differentiation of a group from its counterparts. This can be important for the selection of the appropriate saffron sample, in view of its health-promoting effect which occurs through the modulation of various biological and physiological processes.

Analysis and Forecasts of the Demand for Imported Wine in China

The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term determinants of China’s imported wine demand and to forecast wine imports from 2019 to 2023 using econometric methods. Auto-regressive distributed lag models are developed based on neoclassical economic demand theory to investigate the long-term determinants of China’s demand for imported bottled, bulk, and sparkling wine from the top five countries of origin. The empirical results demonstrate that income is the most important determinant of China’s imported wine demand, and that price only plays a significant role in a few markets. Substitute and complement effects are identified between wines from different countries of origin and between imported wines and other liquids. China’s imported wine demand is expected to maintain its rapid growth over the forecast period. Bottled wine will continue to dominate China’s imported wine market. France will have the largest market share in the bottled wine market, Spain will be the largest provider of bulk wine, and Italy will hold the same position for sparkling wine. This is the first study to use a single equation with the general to specific method rather than a system of equations to estimate and forecast China’s demand for imported bottled, bulk, and sparkling wines from different countries of origin. The more specific model setting for each country of origin improves forecasting accuracy.

Health literacy in the domain of healthcare among older migrants in Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia). Findings from a cross-sectional survey

PurposeHealth literacy (HL) is considered an important prerequisite for informed, self-determined health decisions. HL research among older migrants is scarce, but especially important, as older people face great challenges regarding management of chronic illnesses and, therefore, are in need of adequate healthcare. Therefore, this paper aims to report HL in the domain of healthcare (HL-HC) among older migrants in Germany stratified by different countries of origin.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by a quota sample in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Computer-assisted personal face-to-face interviews were conducted in German, Russian and Turkish. For this analysis, a subsample of 192 first-generation migrants aged 65–80 years from Turkey, Poland, Greece or Italy was drawn from the main sample (n = 1,000). HL-HC was assessed using a sub-index of health literacy survey European questionnaire 47. Data analyses comprised descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analyses.FindingsOverall, 68.6% of the older migrants have limited HL-HC, and mean HL-HC scores vary significantly among different countries of origin. There is great variation in reported difficulties for the single HL-HC tasks by migrant groups. In multiple regressions, country of origin, not German as main language, low functional HL and low social status are significantly associated with lower HL-HC.Practical implicationsInterventions should be aimed at smaller target groups and should consider language issues and possible differences related to countries of origin into account. Both individual skills and system-related aspects need to be addressed.Originality/valueThis paper presents first data on HL-HC among older migrants in Germany and its determinants, stratified by different countries of origin.

Популяционно-генетическая характеристика, оценка геномного инбридинга и гомозиготности крупного рогатого скота черно-пестрой и голштинской пород по STR и SNP маркерам в России

The object of the study was sires of the Black-and-White and Holstein breeds, which had STR profiles and passed the genotyping procedure for SNP markers. The subject of the study was the level of genomic inbreeding and homozygosity, as well as population-genetic characteristics based on them. With an increase in Fx based on pedigree data, an increase in the level of genomic inbreeding (FROH) calculated from SNP markers was also noted. The results for 9 STR markers record a wavelike increase in homozygosity from group I to group IV with a subsequent increase from group V to group VII inclusive. During the study of the average FROH values in accordance with the years of birth of sires, a significant difference was found between the last two groups (2009-2011; 2012-2014) from all the others in a pairwise comparison. The results of calculating the FROHand Ca9 of bulls from different countries of origin indicate a statistically significant differentiation of the group of animals from Russia (RF) from animals, born in German and Canadian. A significant difference was noted for the highest FROH level in the samples in the Holstein Black-and-White breed from the Red-and-White Holstein and Black-and-White breeds. The Fst values between the SNP and STR species of the animals had insignificant differentiation (0.008-0.027). Differences in STR calculation between the Black-and-White Holstein and Red-and-White Holstein breeds were insignificant, less than 20%, while the rest of the values differed many times. Fst between RF and Germany, RF and the Netherlands according to STR data is 0.006 and 0.008, according to SNP data 0.005 and 0.006, respectively. A mutual increase in the value of Fst and the year of birth of the sires was noted, emphasizing the greatest remoteness of the population of 1983-1997 from the populations of recent years, when new genotypes of bulls were obtained. The similarity of Fst values between genealogical lines is replaced by a significant scatter in the indicators when they are compared in pairs.