Different Concentrations Of Essential Oil Research Articles

Antifungal action of essential oils on Colletotrichum musae in vitro

Anthracnose is a phytosanitary problem affecting banana producers. It is a major postharvest disease and is mainly controlled by the use of fungicides. As the search for healthy foods free of chemical residues has increased among consumers, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal efficacy of different concentrations of essential oils on mycelial growth of Colletotrichum musae, the causal agent of anthracnose in banana fruits. The essential oils used were citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and basil (Ocimum basilicum). The essential oils were added to a potato dextrose agar medium at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0,and 2.5 μLmL−1 and distributed in 90 mm diameter Petri dishes. Mycelium discs from the fungal colony, grown for seven days, were transferred to Petri dishes containing the oils and incubated at 25°C with a photoperiod of 12 h (light/dark) cycle for eight days. Colony growth was monitored daily to determine the percentage, index of inhibition of mycelial growth, and average diameter of the colonies. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with six different extract concentrations with replicates (n = 4). Each oil extract was then evaluated separately. The essential oils from citronellagrass, lemongrass, and basil inhibited mycelial growth to the proportion that the oil concentration increased. The total inhibition of the pathogen occurred at a concentration of 1.5 µLmL−1 using citronellagrass and lemongrass and 2.5 µLmL−1 using basil. However, essential oils from clove completely inhibited the mycelial growth of C. musae at a concentration of 0.5 µLmL−1. The tested essential oils showed in vitro antifungal activity against C. musae at different concentrations. However, essential oils from clove are unique in exhibiting a better inhibitory effect on mycelial growth at lower concentrations.

The Formulation and Stability Test of The Balm Emprit Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) Essential Oil

Emprit ginger (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) is a rhizome plant that is much of the time tracked down in the locale. Tanasitolo, Kab. Wajo. Its utilization is most generally utilized as a cooking zest, defeating joint inflammation, muscle torment, treating colds, treating hacks, as a characteristic cell reinforcement and warming the body. The compound parts contained in emprit ginger (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) are zingiberene, shagaol, sap, and gingerol which are adequate as cancer prevention agents and mitigating or then again reflexology. This study aims to decided how to of ginger emprit (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) as a salve form of a natural balm. This type of research is a direct observation in the laboratory using the distillation method to obtain the essential oil in ginger emprit (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) was then made in the form of a balm with different concentrations of essential oils, namely F1 (0 g), F2 (1.5 g), and F3 (2 g) using accelerated stability testing on the balm preparation, stored for 6 days with 3 cycles (40C and 400C) the observations included organoleptic tests (shape, smell, and colour), homogeneity test, pH test, spreadability test, adhesion test, and specific gravity.. This study indicate that a stable balm preparation that meets the standard requirements based on SNI with accelerated stability testing is formula F3 with a concentration of 2 grams of ginger essential oil. Emprit ginger (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) can be formed in a balm preparation.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Alpinia malaccensis (Burm. f.) Roscoe and Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome Essential Oil Gel Formulations by Carrageenan Induction Method

Bioactive compound from essential oils of Alpinia malaccensis (AM) and Kaempferia galanga (KG) rhizomes, respectively, such as methyl cinnamate and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMS) have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. The present study aimed to determine the topical anti-inflammatory activity of 3 gel formulations (Formula 1, 2 and 3) having different concentrations of essential oil from AM and KG rhizomes. The gelling agent used in this study was Carbopol 934. The physicochemical parameters of the gel formulations such as organoleptic, pH, viscosity, and spreadability as well as hedonic test were also examined. The anti-inflammatory activity assay was carried out using the carrageenan induced rat paws edema method. The chemical composition of AM and KG rhizomes was identified by GC-MS with LRI index. The major essential oils content in AM and KG rhizome was methyl cinnamate (58.80%) and ethyl-p-methoxy cinnamate (59.68%), respectively. Based on the results of physical evaluation, hedonic test and anti-inflammatory activity, Formula 1 with 5% AM and 2.5% KG essential oils is the best formula with % inflammation inhibition of 36.32 ± 6.32%.

Effect of lavander (Lavandula angustifolia) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oils as anesthesics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In this study, anesthetic effects of lavender ( Lavandula angustofolia ) and laurel ( Laurus nobilis ) essential oils were investigated in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Fish (avarege 10 g) were exposed to different concentrations of essential oils (5, 10, 20, 50, 70, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg L −1 ). Anesthesia induction and recovery times were evaluated. In addition, histopathological effects of the essential oils in fish tissues were determined after deep anesthesia. As a result of this study, lavender essantial oil at 200 mg L −1 dose and laurel essential oil at 400 mg L −1 dose showed ideal anesthetic effects on rainbow trout. At these concentrations, deep anesthesia (Stage 4) induction times were 258.0 s for lavender and 189.5 s for laurel. Recovery times at these concentrations were 41 s for lavender and 129.5 s for laurel. No histopathological finding in gill, liver and kidney was observed. Consequently, this study was demostrated that lavender and laurel essential oils can be used as effective anesthetic in rainbow trout. • Anesthetic effects of laurel essential oil on rainbow trout determined for the first time in this study. • Laurel essential oil at 400 mg L −1 dose and lavender oil at 200 mg L −1 dose are suitable for anesthesia in rainbow trout. • No histopathological findings were found in gill, liver and kidney of fish exposed to 600 mg L −1 EOs. • This study was demostrated that lavender and laurel essential oils can be used as effective anesthetic in rainbow trout.

The Effect of Some Wild Grown Plant Extracts and Essential Oils on Pectobacterium betavasculorum: The Causative Agent of Bacterial Soft Rot and Vascular Wilt of Sugar Beet.

The bacterial soft rot and vascular wilt of sugar beet are the major diseases of sugar crops globally induced by Pectobacterium betavasculorum and P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc). The control of this bacterial disease is a severe problem, and only a few copper-based chemical bactericides are available for this disease. Because of the limitations of chemicals to control plant bacterial pathogens, the essential oils and extracts have been considered one of the best alternative strategies for their control. In this study, twenty-seven essential oils and twenty-nine plant extracts were extracted and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Pectobacterium betavasculorum isolate C3, using the agar diffusion method at 0.01%, 0.1%, and 100% (v/v). Pure Pimpinella anisum L. oil exhibited the most anti-bacterial activity among three different concentrations of essential oils and extracts, followed by Thymus vulgaris L. oil and Rosa multiflora Thunb. extract. The efficacy of effective essential oils and extracts on Ic1 cultivar of sugar beet seeds germination and seedling growth in vivo also were tested. The seed germination of the Ic1 cultivar was inhibited at all the concentrations of essential oils used. Only extracts of Rosa multiflora Thunb., Brassica oleracea L., Lactuca serriola L., Salvia rosmarinus Spenn., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. and L.M.Perry, Eucalyptus globulus Labill., and essential oils of Ocmium basilicum L., Pimpinella anisum L., and Mentha× piperita L.L. in 0.1% concentration had no inhibition on seed germination and could improve seedling growth. This is the first report of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts on Pectobacterium betavasculorum.

Effect of Rosemary Essential Oil on BIM Apoptotic Gene Expression in MCF 7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and its treatment is associated with many side effects. Herbal medicine has fewer side effects than chemical drugs, so they are especially important in the treatment of many diseases. Rosemary plant has anti-cancer effects due to its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Rosemary essential oil on BIM gene expression in MCF-7 cell line.
 Methods: In this experimental study, to evaluate the cellular toxicity of rosemary essential oil, MCF-7 cells were exposed to different concentrations of essential oil for 24, 48 and 72 hours, and their survival was investigated using MTT assay. Then, MCF-7 cells were exposed to essential oil for 24 hours to determine the BIM gene expression using the Real Time PCR technique. Statistical analysis of data was performed using T-Student test and SPSS version 16 software.
 Results: The results of the MTT assay show that cell death is dose- and time-dependent. The effect of different amounts of essential oil on the survival rate of cancer cells was statistically significant (p˂0.05) and the lowest survival rate was 19% in 72 hours and with increasing essential oil concentration, cell death also increased. Real Time PCR results show a significant increase in BIM gene expression after essential oil treatment.
 Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate the cytotoxic effect of rosemary essential oil on breast cancer cells and it can increase the expression of BIM, an apoptotic gene and induce anticancer effects.

Eugenia uniflora, Melaleuca armillaris, and Schinus molle essential oils to manage larvae of the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Populations of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) have shown resistance to insecticides of the carbamate and organophosphate classes. The objective of this study was to assess the susceptibility of C. quinquefasciatus larvae to essential oils from leaves of Eugenia uniflora L., Melaleuca armillaris (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm., and Schinus molle L and C. quinquefasciatus larvae's biochemical responses after their exposure to these leaves. The essential oils were chemically analyzed by GC and GC/MS. First, the lethal concentration for 50% (LC50) values was estimated using different concentrations of essential oils and probit analysis. The larvae were exposed for 1h at the LC50 estimated for each essential oil. The susceptibility of the larvae to essential oils was evaluated using the following biochemical parameters: concentrations of total protein and reduced glutathione; levels of production of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation; and the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The main chemical constituents in E. uniflora were E-β-ocimene, curzerene, germacrene B, and germacrone; in M. armillaris were 1,8-cineole and terpinolene; and in S. molle were sabinene, myrcene, and sylvestrene. The essential oils had LC50 values between 31.52 and 60.08mg/L, all of which were considered effective. All of them also promoted changes in biochemical parameters when compared to the control treatment. The essential oils of S. molle and E. uniflora inhibited the activity of the AChE enzyme, and the essential oil of M. armillaris increased it. All essential oils had larvicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus, but the essential oil of E. uniflora was the most efficient. Thus, the findings of the present study suggest that the essential oil of E. uniflora can be considered promising for the development of botanical larvicides.

Acaricide activity of Piper macedoi Yunck essential oil against Rhipicephalus sanguineus

This study evaluated the acaricide efficacy of Piper macedoi essential oil on larvae of ticks of the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The test consisted of six treatments: from the group I to IV, samples corresponded to different concentrations of essential oil (500 μg.mL-1; 250 μg.mL-1; 100 μg.mL-1 and 50 μg.mL-1) diluted in Tween 80 at 2%. Groups V and VI corresponded to the negative controls (with distilled water and Tween 80 to 2%) and the positive control (with acaricide Amitraz at 12.5%), respectively. The essential oil was rich in apiole (39.81%) and dillapiole (26.47%). The essential oil of P. macedoi presented an activity against the larvae of R. sanguineus, with a better efficiency observed for concentrating 500 μg.mL-1, mortality of 80.67%, indicating a dose-dependent response.

Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Trachyspermum Ammi (Ajwain Seeds) Seed Extract for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC)

Introduction: In recent years, people are more health-conscious and avoiding the use of synthetic drugs, which are not only harmful to them but also to the environment as they are manmade. So, there is an urgent need for naturally available biologically active compounds which are environment friendly and has tremendous health benefits for the welfare of human being. Trachyspermum Ammi, commonly known as ‘Ajwain,’ is a plant native to India. It has been shown to have antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, antispasmodic, broncho-dilating, antilithiasis, diuretic, abortifacient, antitussive, nematicidal, Anthelmintic and antifilarial properties. Furthermore, studies reveal the presence of a variety of phytochemical constituents, including carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, volatile oil (thymol, -terpinene, para-cymene, and- and -pinene), protein, fat, fibre, and mineral matter containing calcium, phosphorous, iron, and nicotinic acid. Methods: TLC of essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi, was performed and revealed the presence of. Thymol. GC-FID & GC-MS analysis of essential oil shows the presence of 31 compounds. The most existing major compounds in essential oil were Thymol (33.40 %), γ-Terpinene (16.58 %), β-Pinene (13.82 %), 2-Pinene (6.02 %), 3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 1,3,4-tri-methyl (5.35 %), p-Cymene (3.85 %), Linalool (2.89 %) and α-Thujene (2.44 %). Results: Antimicrobial activity of essential oil showed against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli, it was proven by using cup well method by observing zone of inhibition to the microbial strains at different concentrations of essential oil. The minimum inhibitory concentration was also observed. Conclusion: It was confirmed that essential oil shows the antimicrobial activity as well as shows effect to fungal strains. In conclusion, the presence of numerous essential oil ingredients, and the results of experimental studies showed that Trachyspermum ammi essential oil possessed antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal action. Vulvovaginal candidiasis can be treated with this essential oil.

ASSESMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVIY OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA CALLUS LEAVES

This study was aimed to estimate the effect of essential oil extracted from callus of Lavandula angustifolia leaves as antioxidant and cytotoxic activity (in vitro). Different concentrations of essentail oil were selected, including 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µg/ml in determining antioxidant activity by using Free radical 1,1 Dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). The results showed the efficacy of essentail oil as an antioxidant and the highest effect at 100 µg/ml reaching 97% and 87% at 80 µg/ml respectively. Different concentrations of essential oil ( 12.5, 25, 50,75 and 100) µg/ml were select to determine the effect of oil on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cancer cell line and a breast epithelial cell line (HBL) normal cell line after 72 hours from exposure time, and then antiproliferative activity of this oil was studied using MTT assay. The results showed the oil of L. angustifolia callus have high antioxidant influence (97%) in 100 µg/ml concentration followed by (87%) in concentration 80 µg/ml. The inhibition effect of extract on cell proliferation in HeLa cell line at highest concentration which reached 77%. The study confirmed the possibility of using essential oil from L. angustifolia callus could be used for medical application and treatment various types of cancer disease.

Antitrypanosomal Activity of Anthriscus Nemorosa Essential Oils and Combinations of Their Main Constituents.

This study aimed to investigate the susceptibility of Trypanosoma brucei to the Anthriscus nemorosa essential oils (EOs), isolated compounds from these oils, and artificial mixtures of the isolated compounds in their conventional and nanoencapsulated forms. The chemical composition of the essential oils from the aerial parts and roots of Anthriscus nemorosa, obtained from a wild population growing in central Italy, were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In both cases, the predominant class of compounds was monoterpene hydrocarbons, which were more abundant in the EOs from the roots (81.5%) than the aerial parts (74.0%). The overall results of this work have shed light on the biological properties of A. nemorosa EO from aerial parts (EC50 = 1.17 μg/mL), farnesene (EC50 = 0.84 μg/mL), and artificial mixtures (Mix 3–5, EC50 in the range of 1.27 to 1.58 μg/mL) as relevant sources of antiprotozoal substances. Furthermore, the pool measurements of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and NTPs (nucleoside triphosphates) in the cultivated bloodstream form of trypanosomes exposed to different concentrations of EOs showed a disturbed energy metabolism, as indicated by increased pools of ADP in comparison to ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and other NTPs. Ultimately, this study highlights the significant efficacy of A. nemorosa EO to develop long-lasting and effective antiprotozoal formulations, including nanoemulsions.

Buffalo Yogurt Fortified with Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Myrrh (Commiphora Myrrha) Essential Oils: New Insights into the Functional Properties and Extended Shelf Life.

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Myrrh (Commiphora Myrrha) essential oils (EOs) stand out for their benefits in terms of health and functionality. Buffalo set yogurt enriched with different concentrations of EOs (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9%) were investigated. The effects of addition on sensory, syneresis, antibacterial activity, and bioactive properties (total phenol content and antioxidant activity) of yogurt were studied. The most acceptable organoleptic properties of treated yogurt were those samples treated with Eucalyptus oil. The levels of syneresis were decreased by increasing the concentration of EOs. Moreover, the antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and total phenolic content were enhanced by increasing the concentration of EOs. Yogurt with 0.9% Eucalyptus oil showed the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The same concentration of Eucalyptus oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium (the inhibition zone was 20.63 mm) then E. coli (the inhibition zone was 19.43 mm). On the other hand, the highest antibacterial effect against L. monocytogene was for Myrrh oil-enriched yogurt by 0.9% and the inhibition zone was 19.21 mm. The obtained results showed that Eucalyptus and Myrrh oils can be applied to yogurt to improve its beneficial properties in terms of physical characteristics and for human health due to their antioxidant activity and phenolic materials.

Potential use of lemongrass essential oil as fungicide against Aspergillus brasiliensis and as post-harvest protectant of wheat

Fungi are among the main responsible for damage and loss in stored grains, its control has been done through synthetic substances, which are harmful to man and the environment. Brazil, one of the leading countries in agriculture, has optimal environmental conditions for the development of mycotoxigenic fungi. Most of the synthetic chemicals used as preservatives have often been realized to be toxic to humans and also cause adverse environmental effects. Thus, it is necessary to search for alternative methods of controlling. In this study the aimed was to evaluate the efficacy of lemongrass essential oil in the control of the Aspergillus brasiliensis. In vitro and serial microdilution tests were carried out at different concentrations of essential oil and citral, which corresponds to 72% of the total oil composition. Inhibition of fungal growth on contaminated wheat grain was evaluated. The in vitro test results showed that the essential oil has fungicidal potential at concentrations from 0.6 μL mL-1, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined at 0.8 μL mL-1. The tests with citral showed fungal control at concentrations from 0.6 μL mL-1 onwards. For wheat grain, fungal growth inhibition was obtained at the concentration of 1.6 μL mL-1. The essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus showed fungicidal activity against the fungus Aspergillus brasiliensis.

Comparative study of the antioxidant activity of the essential oils of five plants against the H2O2 induced stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The purpose of this work was to investigate the protective effect of five essential oils (EOs); Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum compactum Benth., Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Ocimum basilicum L.; against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The chemical composition of the EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated and the protective effect of EOs was investigated. Yeast cells were pretreated with different concentrations of EOs (6.25–25 µg/ml) for an hour then incubated with H2O2 (2 mM) for an additional hour. Cell viability, antioxidants (Catalase, Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione reductase) and metabolic (Succinate dehydrogenase) enzymes, as well as the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl content (PCO) were evaluated. The chemical composition of EOs has shown the difference qualitatively and quantitatively. Indeed, O. compactum mainly contained Carvacrol, O. basilicum was mainly composed of Linalool, T. vulgaris was rich in thymol, R. officinalis had high α-Pinene amount and for E. globulus, eucalyptol was the major compound. The EOs of basil, oregano and thyme were found to possess the highest amount of total phenolic compounds. Moreover, they have shown the best protective effect on yeast cells against oxidative stress induced by H2O2. In addition, in a dose dependent manner of EOs in yeast medium, treated cells had lower levels of LPO, lower antioxidant and metabolic enzymes activity than cells exposed to H2O2 only. The cell viability was also improved. It seems that the studied EOs are efficient natural antioxidants, which can be exploited to protect against damages and serious diseases related to oxidative stress.

Potential of Essential Oils from Anise, Dill and Fennel Seeds for the Gypsy Moth Control.

The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)) is a serious pest of hardwood forests. In the search for an environmentally safe means of its control, we assessed the impact of different concentrations of essential oils (EOs) from the seeds of three Apiaceae plants (anise Pimpinella anisum, dill Anethum graveolens, and fennel Foeniculum vulgare) on behavior, mortality, molting and nutritional physiology of gypsy moth larvae (GML). EOs efficacy was compared with commercial insecticide NeemAzal®-T/S (neem). The main compounds in the Eos were trans-anethole in anise; carvone, limonene, and α-phellandrene in dill; and trans-anethole and fenchone in fennel seed. At 1% EOs concentration, anise and fennel were better antifeedants and all three EOs were more toxic than neem. Neem was superior in delaying 2nd to 3rd larval molting. In the 4th instar, 0.5%, anise and fennel EOs decreased relative consumption rate more than neem, whereas all three EOs were more effective in reducing growth rate, approximate digestibility and efficiency of conversion of food into body mass leading to higher metabolic costs to GML. Decrease in consumption and metabolic parameters compared to control GML confirmed that adverse effects of the EOs stem from both pre- and post-ingestive mechanisms. The results indicate the potential of three EOs to be used for gypsy moth control.

Essence aromatique du Géranium Odorant (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hérit.) d’Algérie : exploration des propriétés antioxydante, anti-inflammatoire et anticancéreuse (anti-angiogénique et cytotoxique), in vitro et in ovo, vis-à-vis de différentes lignées cellulaires cancéreuses métastasiques

The study of natural products is one of the strategies implemented for the discovery of new compounds that can be used in cancer therapy. Aromatic herbs and medicinal plants found in Algeria and their anti-angiogenesis and cytotoxic potentials against cancer have not been much explored. Our work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of the essential oil (EO) extracted from rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) and its major (citronellol) and characteristic (linalool) constituents. The chemical composition of EO was determined with chromatographic analysis and revealed the presence of citronellol as the major compound (25.84%). A strong chelating power of terpene alcohols (IC50=1.58±0.23mg/mL for citronellol) was found, with a significant difference (P<0.05) compared with the standard antioxidants used (L-ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole). The EO is distinguished by an interesting anti-inflammatory effect with the lowest IC50 (4.63±0.3mg/mL), and it constitutes a good stabilizer of the erythrocyte membrane. Citronellol also exhibited the best anti-inflammatory effect (IC50=0.74±0.09mg/mL). We also assessed the anticancer effect of EO on two main pathways involved in cancer development, angiogenesis and cell proliferation, using in ovo bioassays with a chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken eggs and in vitro assays of its cytotoxicity on different metastatic breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), gastric (AGS) and melanoma (MV3) cell lines. In the CAM model, the density of micro-vessels is 75±10in the group supplemented with EO compared to 140±9for the control group (b-FGF). In addition, the EO significantly reduced the number of newly formed vessels. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the cell proliferation inhibition method and cell viability was measured using the MTT test. Results revealed that the treatment of cancer lines with different concentrations of EO reduces the rate of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. EO showed the greatest cytotoxicity on the AGS line with an inhibition rate of 92.87±0.13% at the highest dose (4μL/mL), followed by the MV3line (88.76±0.96%). Data demonstrated that rose-scented geranium EO has an antitumor potential on metastatic cancer cell lines. It is distinguished by its antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Medicinal plants might contain new molecules, with new structures, which could become lead candidate among future anticancer drugs.

Antimicrobial activity of some Essential oils and Extracts from Natural sources on Skin and Soft tissue infection causing microbes: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) constitute the diverse group of infections with varied clinical presentation and severity. SSTI’s are the most common infections treated in hospital today posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Natural herbs have been widely used as a potential source of therapeutic substances all over the world. A study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial effect of some natural extracts on important SSTI causing pathogens. Materials and methods: In this study the antimicrobial potential of essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eugenia caryophyllata, oil of Cymbopogon citratus, Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita, Ocimum sanctum and extracts of Curcuma longa, Azadirachta indica and Cassia fistula were analysed against common skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) causing microorganisms. The organisms include methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Cutibacterium acnes, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacteroides fragilis. The antimicrobial assay was performed by agar punch well method with different concentrations of essential oil and extracts. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed in order to identify the active constituents present in the extracts. Further a formulation was made, with the powdered extract (neem, turmeric, bark of golden shower) and cinnamon oil as the chief component to look for any probable synergetic activity. Results and discussion: In this study all the essential oils showed good antimicrobial activity than the crude extracts. Significant activity against the Gram negative organisms was exhibited by all the products used in the study. Cinnamon and Clove oil had an excellent activity against all the organism whereas tea tree, mint and Tulsi oil showed better results against the Gram positive organisms including acne vulgaris causing organisms. HPLC results emphasised the presence of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde in clove and cinnamon oil respectively. A significant zone of inhibition was observed from the formulation prepared. Hence we indicate that the natural products used in this study have therapeutic properties and therefore could be considered as an alternative medication in treatment of SSTIs.

EFFECT OF WEDELIA TRILOBATA ESSENTIAL OIL ON THE GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF COWPEA

Wedelia trilobata is an invasive weed of the family Asteraceae.Objective of the study was to find out the impact of essential oil on the germination and seedling growth of cowpea. Different concentrations of essential oil(200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000ppm) were used,a controlwas kept without oil. Cowpea seeds were sown in these essential oil in petriplates,at the end of test period all the germination parameters were measured. All the germination parameters showed that treatment had no negative impact on germination. While root length,shoot length,embryo axis length,seedling length showed a significant variation in treatments compared to control. GC-MS analysis of essential oil revealed that it is a mixed chemotype and α-pinene (10.859 %), caryophyllene oxide (5.325%) and spathulenol (7.911%) are the major compounds.

Essential Oils from Thymus capitatus and Thymus algeriensis as Antimicrobial Agents to Control Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria in Ground Meat

The antibacterial effects of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Thymus capitatus and Thymus algeriensis were assessed and evaluated against four pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19118), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 1402)) and one spoilage bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)). Both investigated EOs presented significant antimicrobial activities against all tested bacteria with a greater antibacterial effect of T. capitatus EO. In fact, the results indicated that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of T. capitatus EO are in the range of 0.006–0.012% and 0.012–0.025%, respectively, while those of T. algeriensis EO ranged between 0.012 and 0.025% and 0.05%, respectively. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of both EOs were appraised against the spoilage bacterium P. aeruginosa, inoculated in minced beef meat, at two different loads (105 and 108 CFU) mixed with different concentrations of EOs (0.01, 0.05, 1, and 3%) and stored at 4°C for 15 days. The obtained data demonstrated that the antibacterial effect of tested EOs varies significantly in regard to the levels of meat contamination and the concentrations of EOs. In fact, in the presence of 0.01 and 0.05% of oils, a decrease in bacterial growth p &lt; 0.01 was observed; but, such an effect was more pronounced in the presence of higher concentrations of EOs (1 and 3%), regardless the level of meat contamination. Besides, at the low contamination level, both EOs exerted a rapid and a more pronounced antibacterial effect, as compared to the high contamination level. The results illustrated the efficacy of both EOs as preservatives in food against well-known pathogens of food-borne diseases and food spoilage, particularly in P. aeruginosa in beef meat. As regards sensory evaluation, the presence of T. capitatus EO proved to improve the sensory quality of minced beef meat.

Composite chitosan films prepared using nisin and Perilla frutescense essential oil and their use to extend strawberry shelf life

The growing demand for bio-based materials for food packaging has stimulated the development of new environment-friendly films. The antibacterial films were prepared by adding nisin and different concentrations of Perilla essential oil (EO) to N-succinyl chitosan (NSC). Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction measurements and thermo stability analysis showed that nisin and EO dispersed in the NSC matrix. In addition, the composite films with nisin (N) and different concentrations of EO (EOx-NNSC) had good antioxidant and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Pseudomonas tolaasii and were safe for use. Adding nisin and EO also improved the mechanical, water vapor barrier and optical properties of the films. The application of films to strawberries showed that the addition of N and EO to NSC films delayed the rapid decay of strawberries during storage. In conclusion, EOx-NNSC films can be used as a biodegradable and environment-friendly packaging material for food preservation.