Different Climates In China Research Articles

Bioclimatic Building Designs for Different Climates in China

This paper presents the work on developing simple bioclimatic building design charts for five major climatic zones in mainland China. These zones include severe cold, cold, hot summer & cold winter, mild, and hot summer & warm winter. Five cities, namely Changchun, Beijing, Shanghai, Kunming and Guangzhou were selected to represent the five major climates. Six basic design strategies such as conventional heating, passive solar heating, natural ventilation, thermal mass with/without overnight ventilation, evaporative cooling and air-conditioning were considered. Their respective regions were shown on the psychrometric chart. Twelve monthly climatic lines were determined and assessed in relation to the comfort zone and the six design strategy regions. The comfort zone was based on the acceptable range of operative temperatures and humidity for spaces specified in the latest ASHRAE standard 55-2004. Using the bioclimatic charts, discomfort indices were determined and the appropriate climatic control design strategies investigated. It is hope that these basic climate analyses could give architects and engineers a feel for the appropriate design strategies during the initial conceptual design stage when different building schemes are being considered.

Recent developments in ambulatory ELG monitoring : G. Stores and P. Branklin (Oxford, G.B.)

The correlation between the clearness index and sunshine duration is useful in the estimation of the solar radiation for areas where measured solar radiation data are unavailable. Regression techniques and artificial neural networks were used to investigate the correlations between daily global solar radiation (GSR) and sunshine duration for different climates in China. Measurements made during the 30-year period (1971–2000) from 41 measuring stations covering 9 thermal and 7 solar climate zones and sub-zones across China were gathered and analysed. The performance of the regression and the ANN models in the thermal and solar zones was analysed and compared. The coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSEC), mean bias error (MBE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were determined. It was found that the regression models in both the thermal and the solar climate zones showed a strong correlation between the clearness index and sunshine duration (R2=0.79–88). There appeared to be an increasing trend of larger MBE and RMSE from colder climates in the north to warmer climates in the south. In terms of the thermal and solar climate zone models, there was very little to choose between the two models.

Contribution of emotional and postural factors to facial muscle activity: An electrophysiological study in man : M. Bratzlavsky and H. Vander Eecken (Ghent, Belgium)

The correlation between the clearness index and sunshine duration is useful in the estimation of the solar radiation for areas where measured solar radiation data are unavailable. Regression techniques and artificial neural networks were used to investigate the correlations between daily global solar radiation (GSR) and sunshine duration for different climates in China. Measurements made during the 30-year period (1971–2000) from 41 measuring stations covering 9 thermal and 7 solar climate zones and sub-zones across China were gathered and analysed. The performance of the regression and the ANN models in the thermal and solar zones was analysed and compared. The coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSEC), mean bias error (MBE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were determined. It was found that the regression models in both the thermal and the solar climate zones showed a strong correlation between the clearness index and sunshine duration (R2=0.79–88). There appeared to be an increasing trend of larger MBE and RMSE from colder climates in the north to warmer climates in the south. In terms of the thermal and solar climate zone models, there was very little to choose between the two models.

Modification of induced seizure patterns : R.D.H. Maxwell (Wakefield, G.B.)

The correlation between the clearness index and sunshine duration is useful in the estimation of the solar radiation for areas where measured solar radiation data are unavailable. Regression techniques and artificial neural networks were used to investigate the correlations between daily global solar radiation (GSR) and sunshine duration for different climates in China. Measurements made during the 30-year period (1971–2000) from 41 measuring stations covering 9 thermal and 7 solar climate zones and sub-zones across China were gathered and analysed. The performance of the regression and the ANN models in the thermal and solar zones was analysed and compared. The coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSEC), mean bias error (MBE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were determined. It was found that the regression models in both the thermal and the solar climate zones showed a strong correlation between the clearness index and sunshine duration (R2=0.79–88). There appeared to be an increasing trend of larger MBE and RMSE from colder climates in the north to warmer climates in the south. In terms of the thermal and solar climate zone models, there was very little to choose between the two models.