Different Groups Of Patients Research Articles

Incidence of multidrug resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamase expression in community-acquired urinary tract infection among different age groups of patients

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli was the most prevalent cause for urinary tract infections (UTIs). These bacteria also generate extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL), which inactivate penicillins and cephalosporins. The purpose of the current study is to determine the incidence of multidrug resistance and extended beta-lactamase expression in community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTIs) among patients of different age groups. Patients and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 186 uropathogens investigated in the diagnostic center of Tertiary Care Hospital Peshawar from January 2022 to December 2022. Patients of either gender or any age with suspected UTIs associated with K. pneumoniae and E. coli were derived from urine specimen were enrolled. Identification and analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility was done using Disc diffusion method and Double Disc synergy test. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 186 Gram-negative uropathogens, there were 57 (30.6%) male and 129 (59.4%) female. The incidence of E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 138 (74.2%) and 48 (25.8%) respectively. The prevalence of uropathogens identified was in 71% females and 29% males.

Study of the problems of ageism and assessment of attitudes towards age in the medical environment

BACKGROUND: Ageism pervades all areas of life, including the areas of medical and social care. Gerontological ageism has a significant negative impact on indicators of physical, mental health, functional status and well-being of older people. In the conditions of an aging society, the study of the scale and characteristics of this problem in various spheres of life is very relevant.
 AIM: To assess the prevalence of stereotypes of attitudes towards older age among primary health care physicians, senior students of a medical university and directly elderly people.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period from 2018 to 2022, 538 people aged 20 to 75 were interviewed in 3 subgroups: 1) senior students of a medical university of medical specialties, 2) young and middle-aged primary health care doctors, 3) elderly people.
 RESULTS: It was revealed that the opinions about the problems in this age period in the elderly and the beliefs of doctors and medical students often do not coincide.
 CONCLUSIONS: When training medical personnel, it is necessary to form the correct attitude to age and skills of communicative competence with different age groups of patients.

Efficacy and Safety of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with Decitabine-containing Regimen in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Myelodysplastic Syndromes Transformed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with decitabine (Dec)-conditioning regimen in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and MDS transformed acute myeloid leukemia (MDS-AML). The characteristics and efficacy data of 93 patients with MDS and MDS-AML who received allo-HSCT in our center from April 2013 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were administered by myeloablative conditioning regimen containing Dec (25 mg/m2 /d×3 d). Among the 93 patients, 63 males and 30 females, were diagnosed as MDS（n ＝77）, MDS-AML（n ＝16）. The incidence of I/II grade regimen-related toxicity (RRT) was 39.8%, and III grade RRT was only found in 1 patient (1%). Neutrophil engraftment was successful in 91 (97.8%) patients after a median neutrophil engraftment time of 14 (9-27) days; Successful platelet engraftment was achieved in 87 (93.5%) patients, with a median engraftment time of 18 (9-290) days. The incidence of acute graft versus host disease（aGVHD） and grade III-IV aGVHD was 44.2% and 16.2%, respectively. The incidence of chronic graft versus host disease（cGVHD） and moderate-to-severe cGVHD was 59.5% and 37.1%, respectively. Of the 93 patients, 54 (58%) developed posttransplant infections, among which lung infection (32.3%) and bloodstream infection (12.9%) were the most common. The median follow-up after transplantation was 45 (0.1-108) months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate, disease-free survival (DFS) rate, treatment-related mortality, and cumulative incidence of relapse were 72.7%, 68.4%, 25.1%, and 6.5%, respectively. And the 1-year graft-versus-host disease/relapse-free survival rate was 49.3%. The patients in different group of relative high-risk prognostic scoring or low-risk prognostic scoring, with or without poor-risk mutation(s), with mutations number ≥3 or <3 had similar 5-year OS rate (more than 70%). Multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of grade III-IV aGVHD was the independent risk factor affecting OS（P =0.008）and DFS (P =0.019). Allo-HSCT with Dec-conditioning regimen is feasible and effective in the treatment of patients with MDS and MDS-AML, especially those in high prognostic risk and with poor-risk mutations.

Peripheral Neuropathy Outbreaks in Bhutan, 2020–2021

Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency can cause beriberi leading to cardiac involvement or, more commonly, peripheral neuropathy. Common causes of thiamine deficiency are alcohol use, maternal thiamine deficiency, poor dietary diversity, unhygienic food preparation, and unsafe cooking practices. This report presents an analysis of suspected peripheral neuropathy outbreaks recorded at the Royal Centre for Disease Control between 2020 and 2021. The suspected outbreaks were reported from schools and monastic institutes with the main complaints of numbness and swelling of lower limbs. Three of the four events were confirmed due to thiamine deficiency by laboratory analysis. Of 34 samples tested, 27 (79%) had thiamine deficiency, defined as a thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) level &lt;75.0 nmol/L. The mean ThDP level was 56.5 nmol/L. There were no statistically significant differences in the average ThDP level among the patients of different age groups. Given the fact that micronutrient deficiency was established as the cause of the current peripheral neuropathy outbreaks, we recommend that the supply of fortified rice across both government and private institutes in the country be initiated. Holistic approaches should be implemented to reduce the burden of micronutrient deficiencies in the country.

Оцінка показників якості життя в дітей шкільного віку, хворих на артеріальну гіпертензію та ожиріння

The steady increase in the prevalence of obesity, arterial hypertension (Н) and their comorbidity among children and adults requires additional scientific research to identify the features of the combined course of these diseases and possible ways to improve treatment and preventive measures in patients of different age groups. Purpose - to analyze indicators of the quality of life (QL) in school-aged children with H and obesity. Materials and methods. 95 children aged 9-18 were examined. The examinees were divided into 4 groups: the Group 1 - children with normal blood pressure and normal body weight (BW); the Group 2 - patients with H and normal BW; the Group 3 - with normal blood pressure and obesity; the Group 4 - children with Hand obesity. QL was determined for all children using the Ukrainian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 questionnaire. The frequency of certain complaints and some peculiarities of children’s lives in the study groups were also determined using a questionnaire developed by us. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using MedStat v 5.2 (Y.E. Lyakh, V.G. Guryanov) and EZR v 1.35 (Saitama Medical Centre, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Japan 2017) programs. Results and conclusions. QL indicators in patients with obesity and H are lower (p&lt;0.05) than in the group of healthy children. The lowest indicators of the QL are observed in the Group 4, which were significantly lower (p&lt;0.005) compared to the same indicators in the Groups 2 and 3. Patients with H had significantly more frequent (p&lt;0.05) complaints of headache and dizziness compared with the Group 1. Patients with obesity had more (p&lt;0.05) complaints of heart palpitations during minor physical exertion compared to healthy children. In patients of the Group 4, complaints of headache, dizziness, palpitations during minor physical exertion were more common compared to the Group 1 (p&lt;0.05), and dizziness was more common than in the Group 3 (p&lt;0.05). According to survey data, 44.7% of obese children estimated their body weight as normal and did not consider it appropriate to change their lifestyle. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers may relate to the survival and walking ability in geriatric patients with hip fractures: a 1-year follow-up study

BackgroundMany elder patients with hip fractures also suffered from hypertension. This study aims to explore the relationship between the use of ACEI or ARB and the outcomes of geriatric hip fractures.MethodsAll the patients were divided into four groups: non-users without hypertension, non-users with hypertension, ACEI users, and ARB users. The outcomes of patients in different groups were compared. LASSO regression and univariable Cox analysis were used for variable screening. Then Cox models and Logistics models were established to identify the relationships between the use of RAAS inhibitors and outcomes.ResultsACER users (p = 0.016) and ARB users (p = 0.027) had a significantly lower survival probability than the non-users with hypertension. Non-users without hypertension, ACEI users, and ARB users may face lower 6-month and 1-year mortalities and higher 6-month and 1-year free walking rates compared with non-users with hypertension.ConclusionPatients with the use of ACEI or ARB may face a better prognosis of hip fractures.

Patients’ Values and Desire for Autonomy: An Empirical Study from Poland

There is a growing body of literature concerning factors that can influence patients’ perception, preferences, or expectations with regard to autonomy in making healthcare decisions. Although many factors responsible for the desire for autonomy in medical decision-making are already recognized, little is known about how the desire for autonomy is related to values, which refer to important goals of human actions. The present study was designed to determine the relationship between the desire for autonomy and basic personal values drawn on Schwartz’s value theory. We conducted survey in two age groups: younger and older adults. In the group of younger adults, the desire for autonomy was associated with the need to be appreciated as a person, motivation to act independently, and the abandonment of traditional order and values, whereas in the group of older adults, with independent thinking and a lack of humility. Our study highlighted that the desire for autonomy may result from slightly different reasons in people of particular age groups. These findings might be helpful for medical professionals in developing accurate communication patterns with different age groups of patients.

Effects of depression on cognitive function in patients with diabetes in different age groups

ABSTRACT Aims To investigate the effects of depression on cognitive function in patients of different ages with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods 6,549 patients with DM who were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) in 2016 were selected from the 2016 Kailuan Group staff physical examinations. Generalized linear regression models were used to analyze the effects of SDS index score on MMSE score in DM patients in different age groups. We also analyzed the effects of SDS index score on MMSE score in DM patients with different risk factors. Results Generalized linear regression analysis showed that higher SDS index score was associated with lower MMSE score (β = −0.06; P < 0.01). In addition, there was an interaction effect between SDS index score and age groups on cognitive function. Meanwhile, SDS index score also has an interaction effect with level of education. Conclusions The negative association between the degree of depression and cognitive function level increases with age in DM patients.

Effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on rehabilitation of upper limb motor function after stroke.

The cerebellum is involved in the control and coordination of movements but it remains unclear whether stimulation of the cerebellum could improve the recovery of upper limb motor function. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) therapy could promote the recovery of upper limb motor function in patients who suffered a stroke. In this randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled prospective study, 77 stroke patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the tDCS group (n = 39) or the control group (n = 38). The patients received anodal (2 mA, 20 min) or sham tDCS therapy for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) score from baseline to the first day after 4 weeks of treatment (T1) and 60 days after 4 weeks of treatment (T2). The secondary outcomes were the FMA-UE response rates assessed at T1 and T2. Adverse events (AEs) related to the tDCS treatment were also recorded. At T1, the mean FMA-UE score increased by 10.7 points [standard error of the mean (SEM) = 1.4] in the tDCS group and by 5.8 points (SEM = 1.3) in the control group (difference between the two groups was 4.9 points, P = 0.013). At T2, the mean FMA-UE score increased by 18.9 points (SEM = 2.1) in the tDCS group and by 12.7 points (SEM = 2.1) in the control group (the difference between the two groups was 6.2 points, P = 0.043). At T1, 26 (70.3%) patients in the tDCS group had a clinically meaningful response to the FMA-UE score compared to 12 (34.3%) patients in the control group (the difference between the two groups was 36.0%, P =0.002). At T2, 33 (89.2%) patients in the tDCS group had a clinically meaningful response to the FMA-UE score compared with 19 (54.3%) patients in the control group (the difference between the two groups was 34.9%, P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. In the subgroup analysis of different hemiplegic sides, the rehabilitation effect of patients with right hemiplegia was better than that of patients with left hemiplegia (P < 0.05); in the age subgroup analysis, different age groups of patients did not show a significant difference in the rehabilitation effect (P > 0.05). Cerebellar tDCS can be used as an effective and safe treatment to promote recovery of upper limb motor function in stroke patients. ChiCTR.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR2200061838.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Spermatogenesis in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Invasion in Different Age Groups.

Based on studies that focused on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on human tissues, not only pulmonary invasion was revealed, but also impaired testicular function. Thus, the study of the mechanisms of influence of SARS-CoV-2 on spermatogenesis is still relevant. Of particular interest is the study of pathomorphological changes in men of different age groups. The purpose of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemical changes in spermatogenesis during SARS-CoV-2 invasion in different age groups. In our study, for the first time, a cohort of COVID-19-positive patients of different age groups was collected, and the following were conducted--confocal microscopy of the testicles and immunohistochemical evaluation of spermatogenesis disorders in SARS-CoV-2 invasion with antibodies to the spike protein, the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and angiotensin convertase type 2. An IHC study and confocal microscopy of testicular autopsies from COVID-19-positive patients revealed an increase in the number of S-protein- and nucleocapsid-positively stained spermatogenic cells, which indicates SARS-CoV-2 invasion into them. A correlation was found between the number of ACE2-positive germ cells and the degree of hypospermatogenesis, and in the group of patients with confirmed coronavirus infection older than 45 years, the decrease in spermatogenic function was more pronounced than in the cohort of young people. Thus, our study found a decrease in both spermatogenic and endocrine (Leydig cells) testicular functions in patients with COVID-19 infection. In the elderly, these changes were significantly higher than in the group of young patients.

COPPER AND ZINC MICROMINERALS LEVELS IN PATIENTS OF ACNE VULGARIS: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

Acne vulgaris is one of the most commonly occurring inammatory disorders among various skin diseases. It is said to be the gift of pubertal age, however it stays for higher age also. Trace minerals like Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) may play an important role in either cause or severity of Acne vulgaris.Present study aimed to estimate serum copper and zinc in patients of acne vulgaris. 140 acne vulgaris patients of different age group and either sex was enrolled for the study. Result showed that levels of serum Cu and Zn was decreased in patients of Acne vulgaris (94.39±28.861 and 65.39±22.104 respectively). These levels also showed signicant association with different age groups as well as grade of acne. Hence can be concluded these differences may be associated with severity of acne lesions, age and gender

Hippocampal Development Deviation and Its Relationship With Cognition in Major Psychiatric Disorders

To investigate hippocampal development deviation and its association with cognition in patients with major psychiatric disorders (MPDs), including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. The T1-weighted MRI data of 174 first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia (FES) atients, 169 bipolar disorder (BD) patients, 184 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, and 321 healthy controls were collected and their hippocampal volume was extracted after preprocessing with Freesurfer 5.3. A normative neurodevelopment model was applied to calculate the hippocampal deviation scores. Data on cognitive functions, including visual memory, attention, spatial working memory, were collected. Comparison by different sexes was made to identify difference between the hippocampal development deviation scores of the control group and those of the disease groups. We also investigated the moderating effect of age on the deviation score and explored the association between the deviation score and cognitive function. The hippocampal development deviation scores of patients with MPDs were significantly lower than those of the healthy controls (false discovery rate [FDR]-P<0.05). Analysis of the moderating effect of age revealed lower deviation scores in young patients (<[25.83-28.56] yr.) and higher deviation scores in old patients (>[35.87-54.35] yr.) in comparison with those of the healthy controls. The right hippocampal deviation scores in male FES patients were positively correlated with the number of errors for tasks concerning spatial working memory ( r=0.32, FDR-P=0.04). Our findings suggest abnormal hippocampal development in MPDs patients and its different distribution in MPDs patients of different age groups. The hippocampal development deviation score may provide a new perspective for further understanding of etiology in MPDs.

Common Clinical signs and symptoms observed in Patients diagnosed with Thyrotoxicosis in Gujranwala, Pakistan

Aim: To assess the common clinical sign and symptoms in Patients of Thyrotoxicosis in Gujranwala, Pakistan. This study was conducted at the Civil Hospital and Salamat Hospital &amp; Healthcare Center, Gujranwala from July 2019 to February 2020. Methods: This was a prospective study consisted of 120, male and female patients of different age groups, diagnosed with thyroid gland disorder. The Clinical features and history related to thyroid disorders was taken. Complete thyroid profile was checked in initial screening of Thyrotoxicosis.The bloodscreening for various thyroid hormonal levels,Thyroid imaging for the patients with neck swelling and clinically various thyroid function tests were done by using Radiation Imaging (Radiotracers) techniques. Aninformed consent of all patients was taken before tests and study. The data was recorded on designed Performa. Results: In this study the prevalence of Thyrotoxicosis patients was higher in females (78) than male (42) and majority of patients belonged to 31-50 years of age range. Various typical clinical sign and symptoms of Thyrotoxicosis like Goiter, sweating, heat intolerance, Hoarseness, Tremors, Diarrhoea, anxiety, hair loss, Menstrual irregularities in females, Exophthlmus, increased appetite and poly urea were observed in patients diagnosed with Thyrotoxicosis.While in blood screening, marked mean ±SD of BMI, free T3ng/dL, T4(ng/dL) and TSH(mlU/L) were found in male &amp; female patients (table 2). Conclusion and practical implication: Thyroid casesare found high in our population. This high prevalence rate is affecting the health and quality of life of affected persons. So it is deeply felt that awareness to use dietary iodineand other remedies isa need of hour for our communities to decrease high prevalence of the thyroid dysfunctions and improve health and quality of life of the community. Keywords: Thyrotoxicosis, Radiotracers, Radiation Imaging Technique, Signs and Symptoms, TSH, T3 and T4, Prevalence.

Five-year polyethylene cup migration and PE wear of the Anatomic Dual Mobility acetabular construct.

Dual mobility implants have been successful in reducing postoperative hip dislocation but mid-term results of cup migration and polyethylene wear are missing in the literature. Therefore, we measured migration and wear at 5-year follow-up using radiostereometric analysis (RSA). A cohort of 44 patients (mean age 73, 36 female) with heterogeneous indications for hip arthroplasty but all with a high risk of hip dislocation received total hip replacement (THA) with The Anatomic Dual Mobility X3 monoblock acetabular construct and a highly crosslinked polyethylene liner. RSA images and Oxford Hip Scores were obtained perioperatively and 1, 2, and 5years postoperatively. Cup migration and polyethylene wear were calculated using RSA. Mean 2-year proximal cup translation was 0.26mm (95% CI 0.17; 0.36). Proximal cup translation was stable from 1- to 5-year follow-up. Mean 2-year cup inclination (z-rotation) was 0.23° (95% CI - 0.22; 0.68) and was greater in patients with osteoporosis compared to patients without osteoporosis (p = 0.04). Using 1-year follow-up as baseline, the 3D polyethylene wear rate was 0.07mm/year (0.05; 0.10). Oxford hip scores improved 19 (95% CI 14; 24) points from mean 21 (range 4; 39) at baseline, to 40 (9; 48) 2years postoperatively. There were no progressive radiolucent lines > 1mm. There was 1 revision for offset correction. Anatomic Dual Mobility monoblock cups were well-fixed, the polyethylene wear rate was low, and the clinical outcomes were good until 5-year follow-up suggesting good implant survival in patients of different age groups and with heterogeneous indications for THA.

Analysis on Cellular Immune Function Recovery after HLA Mismatched Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Micro-Transp- lantation in Elderly AML Patients

To investigate the recovery of cellular immunity in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after micro-transplantation (MST) and the changes of cellular immunity during relapse, as well as their clinical significance. A total of 41 elderly AML patients who received MST treatment in a single center and 25 healthy elderly people were included. Immune function among different age groups in normal population was compared. Furthermore, immune fuction was compared between elderly AML patients of different age groups who achieved continuous complete remission (CR) after MST treatment and normal controls, between high risk group and medium-low risk group, as well as among before diagnosis, after CR, and relapse. Peripheral blood of patients and normal controls was collected, and the percentage of lymphocyte subsets was detected by multi-color flow cytometry. Thirty-five patients achieved CR after MST treatment while six patients did not. After MST treatment, CD3+ T cells, CD8+T cells and activated T cells in all age groups were higher than normal. Significant recovery of CD3+ and CD8+T cells was observed in both high risk and medium-low risk groups, and the overall recovery of immune cells in medium-low risk group was better. It was also observed that B lymphocytes and NK cells could not return to normal levels within 1 year after MST treatment. The proportion of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly decreased during relapse compared with continuous CR after MST (P<0.05). MST treatment can promote the recovery of CD3+T cells, CD8+T cells and other killer cells, so as to improve the cellular immune function of elderly patients, which provides a new immune cell therapy for elderly AML.

Changes of adrenocorticotropic hormone rhythm and cortisol circadian rhythm in patients with depression complicated with anxiety and their effects on the psychological state of patients.

Objective: This work was to explore the rhythm of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol in patients with depression and anxiety and their effects on mental state. In this work, with depression complicated with anxiety patients as the A-MDD group (n = 21), and depression without anxiety symptoms as the NA-MDD group (n = 21). Firstly, data features were extracted according to the electroencephalo-graph (EEG) data of different patients, and a DR model was constructed for diagnosis. The Hamilton Depression Scale 24 (HAMD-24) was employed to evaluate the severity, and the ACTH and cortisol levels were detected and compared for patients in the A-MDD group and NA-MDD group. In addition, the psychological status of the patients was assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). As a result, the AI-based DR model showed a high recognition accuracy for depression. The HAMD-24 score in the A-MDD group (31.81 ± 5.39 points) was statistically higher than the score in the NA-MDD group (25.25 ± 5.02 points) (P < 0.05). No visible difference was found in ACTH levels of patients in different groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of cortisol rhythm disorder (CRD) in the A-MDD group was much higher (P < 0.05). The differences in TAS scores between the two groups were significantly statistically significant (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the AI-based DR Model achieves a more accurate identification of depression; depression with or without anxiety has different effects on the mental state of patients. CRD may be one of the biological markers of depression combined with anxiety.

Local application of collagen sponge Alvokon after tooth extraction surgery

After tooth extraction, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for the healing of the hole of the removed tooth. Dynamic observation of the patient by the attending physician is generally accepted to assess the condition of the postoperative wound and the patient’s implementation of recommendations for oral care. However, patients often note the presence of pain and swelling of the mucous membrane of the well of the removed tooth.Stude – a comparative assessment of the course of the early postoperative period in patients with local application of collagen sponges Alvokon and Alvostaz.Materials and methods. A prospective randomized study of 80 patients aged 20 to 59 years was conducted. The patients underwent a tooth extraction operation under local anesthesia. The patients were divided into 4 groups of 20 people. In patients of the first group, a collagen sponge Alvocon No. 3 was placed in the hole of the removed tooth, in patients of the second group – a collagen sponge Alvocon No. 5 in patients of the third group – a hemostatic collagen sponge «Alvostaz». Local medicines were not used in patients of the fourth group after tooth extraction. In the postoperative period, the presence of pain and the condition of the hole of the removed tooth were assessed.Results. Wound healing proceeded by secondary tension without complications in all patients. Comparing the nature of the course of the early postoperative period, pain after tooth extraction in patients of different groups varied from 5 to 50% of cases, and the presence of edema of the wound edges – from 5 to 100% of cases.Conclusions. Pain in the early postoperative period is expressed 2 times less when using the collagen sponge Alvokon No. 5. Edema of the marginal gum of the well of the removed tooth was 1.1 times less when using the collagen sponge Alvokon, 1.2 times when using the hemostatic collagen sponge Alvostaz in comparison with the group of patients without the use of a sponge.

Perioperative Respiratory Outcome of Patients with Eosinophilia: A Cohort Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

A respiratory adverse event is one of the main causes of critical events in the perioperative period. Perioperative distress symptoms like cough and stridor have been reported to occur in patients with hyperreactive airways. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between blood eosinophil count and perioperative adverse respiratory events among different age groups of patients who require general anesthesia for different types of surgeries. A cohort study was conducted on 197 patients of either gender, aged 3 years and above, belonging to ASA classes I-II, who were scheduled to undergo surgery requiring general anesthesia and intubation. Patients were stratified according to absolute eosinophil count into two groups: Group A (AEC 0 to 499/mm3) and Group B (AEC 500 to 1000/mm3). Patients were monitored for 24 hours in the perioperative period for adverse respiratory events such as bronchospasm, laryngospasm, a fall in SPO2 < 95%, and cough and stridor. A total of 197 patients were evaluated, with a median age of 37 ± 14.4 years. The percentage range of adverse respiratory events across different age groups was 35% in adults to 60% in children. Major complications noted were a fall in SPO2 < 95% (62.5%) and cough (27.7%) as per CTCAE v5.0 (November 27, 2017). The Naranjo score of adverse respiratory events was categorized as possible with mild level 1 severity. Adverse respiratory events were managed with humidified oxygen, antitussives, and bronchodilators. Eosinophilia is seen in one-third of the patients undergoing surgical interventions. Patients with a blood eosinophil count of ≥400/mm3 had an increased risk of exacerbations of respiratory adverse events in the perioperative period.

Effect of celery intake and smoking on some blood parameters in hypertensive patients in different age groups

أجريت الدراسة الحالية على مجموعة من المرضى ( 25 ذكرا و 25 أنثى ) والذين اظهروا ارتفاعا معنويا ( P&lt;0.05 ) في ضغط الدم , وزيادة لزوجة الدم ( Blood viscosity) من خلال فحص ( PCV% ) وذلك لمعرفة تأثير تناول الكرفس بالمستويات القليلة , المتوسطة والكثيرة وكذلك التدخين على بعض معايير الدم ( Hb gm% , PCV% ) وضغط الدم بنوعيه العالي ( HP ) والواطئ ( LP ). قسم المرضى إلى خمسة فئات عمرية ( 20 – 29 ) , ( 30 – 39 ) , ( 40 – 49 ) , ( 50 – 59 ) و ( 60 – 69 ) سنة, حيث احتوت كل مجموعة عشرة مرضى (5 ذكور و5 إناث) واحتوت مجموعة السيطرة على عشرة أشخاص من غير المدخنين ( 5ذكور و5 إناث ). أظهرت النتائج دور الكرفس في خفض ضغط الدم في جميع الفئات العمرية أعلاه مقارنة مع الفئة العمرية ( 60 – 69 ) سنة , والتي تميزت بارتفاع ضغط الدم , (Hb gm%) و(PCV%) ولوحظ ارتفاعا معنويا ( P&lt;0.05 ) في خضاب الدم , ( Hb gm% ) و(PCV%) وضغط الدم في الأشخاص المدخنين لعلبة واحدة , علبتين و ثلاث علب بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. اظهر تناول الكرفس في مجموعة الاستهلاك القليل انخفاضا معنويا ( P&lt;0.05 ) في معدلات ( Hb gm% ) , ( PCV% ) وضغط الدم بالمقارنة مع مجموعتي المتوسطة والكثيرة الاستهلاك , وكان تأثير الجنس معنويا ( P&lt;0.05 ) على معايير الدم وضغط الدم في مجموعة الإناث بالمقارنة مع مجموعة الذكور. نستنتج من هذا البحث إلى أن تناول الكرفس له دورا مهما في خفض ضغط الدم في الفئات العمرية المختلفة وخصوصا في المرضى المصابين بارتفاع ضغط الدم في هذه الدراسة بالمقارنة مع الفئة العمرية ( 60 – 69 سنة ) وكذلك في مجاميع المدخنين وبالتالي تقليل التأثير السلبي للتدخين الذي يعمل على ارتفاع ضغط الدم وذلك لربما يعود إلى وجود مادة ( Butyl – phthalide ) ( 3nB ) في الكرفس التي تعمل على توسع الأوعية الدموية مما يساهم في انخفاض ضغط الدم .

Microcontroller-based urine output monitoring system design and implementation

Urinary system disorders that occur at later ages are more common as the average human lifespan increases. Although urinary system disorders are widespread among elderly individuals, these disorders are seen in young people. The catheter system is used in some diseases such as urinary incontinence in the elderly. In addition, patients in different age groups who are hospitalized may need the catheter system during their treatment processes. In this study, a urine output monitoring system was designed and implemented to facilitate the tracking of the patient’s health situation. The designed control system was created based on the PIC18f45K22 microcontroller. The urine output monitoring system was created with a load cell, color sensor, buzzer, liquid crystal display screen, and Bluetooth communication units. A mechanical connection system was developed in which the urinary drainage bag attached to the catheter could be suspended to the control system by means of a hook. Thus, the developed system measured the weight of the urinary bag with a mean relative error value between 0.18% and 1.25%. The load cell–based created control system sensed the weight of the urinary catheter system and gave a warning when the urine in the drainage bag reached a predetermined weight. In addition, the optical density of the urine was measured, sent to the control unit using a wireless Bluetooth communication system, and classified on a 5-point scale to provide a simple visual indicator for caregivers to distinguish normal urine from urine requiring investigation. An audible warning was created using the microcontroller-based system in case of an emergency. The health condition of the patient was visualized through the designed interface program.