Differences In Total Population Research Articles

Evolution of Food Trade Networks from a Comparative Perspective: An Examination of China, the United States, Russia, the European Union, and African Countries.

In the intricate landscape of the global food system, a nuanced understanding of dynamic evolution patterns and driving mechanisms of food trade network is essential for advancing insights into the African food trade and maintaining the food security of Africa. This paper constructs a framework for analyzing the food trade network from a comparative perspective by comparing and analyzing the evolution of food trade networks in China, the United States, Russia, the European Union, and African countries. The development trend of food trade between China, Russia, the United States, the European Union, and African countries is relatively good. China, the United States, Russia, and the European Union export far more food to African countries than they import, and bilateral food trade plays an important role in alleviating food supply shortages in Africa. The food trade networks between China, the United States, Russia, the European Union, and African countries exhibit a butterfly-shaped structure centered in Africa, and the overall intensity of bilateral trade linkages is gradually increasing. France has the greatest control over the food trade network between China, the United States, Russia, the European Union, and African countries, and the influence of the United States on the food trade network between China, the United States, Russia, the European Union, and African countries is increasing. China's independence in the food trade network between China, the United States, Russia, the European Union, and African countries is enhanced, but its control ability is limited. The impact of differences in total population, differences in food production, and geographical borders on the trade network between China, the United States, the European Union, and African countries tends to decrease, while the influence of differences in the proportion of agricultural employment, differences in the arable land available for food production, and institutional distance tends to increase.

Socio-hydrology and vulnerability of levee systems along the lower Illinois River

ABSTRACT The maintenance of flood mitigation levees in the U.S. and elsewhere, has often found to be insufficient. Recent U.S. levee safety inspections have discovered substantial deficiencies in many federally monitored levees resulting in some of them being assigned an ‘unacceptable’ safety rating. Most levees in the U.S. were constructed using federal money but then were turned over to local government entities to maintain, thus socioeconomic characteristics of these communities may impact their ability to maintain their levee(s). We used dasymetric mapping to assign socioeconomic parameters to levee protected areas along the lower Illinois River to explore differences in these characteristics between communities with an unacceptable levee safety rating to those with an acceptable rating. Principal components analysis was used to determine which socioeconomic parameters explained the majority of variance between levee protected communities and the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U-Test for significance testing. These analyses revealed that differences in total population , race, average per-capita income, and number of residential homes were influential indicators for explaining differences between comunities with levees with acceptable versus unacceptable ratings. These results suggest populations who inhabit levee systems with unacceptable safety ratings are white and relatively wealthier than communities located within levee systems with acceptable ratings. This finding is counter to research that shows that the poor and poorer minorities live in areas with higher flood risk. This is perhaps wealthier floodplain property owners inhabitating unacceptable levee systems may be foregoing necessary levee maintenance, inastead relying on other government programs to pay for flood damages.

Occipital condyle screw fixation viability according to age and gender anatomy: A computed tomography-based analysis

ObjectiveTo assess the Occipital condyle morphology in an all-age population of Northeastern Mexico, and determine age and gender related changes for surgical viability. MethodsA total of 175 consecutive HRCT scans were included and divided into 5 age groups. The condylar length, width, height, sagittal angle, anterior, posterior and medial intercondylar distances, and intercondylar angle of the OC were measured. ResultsMean condylar length, width, and height in total population were 20.58 mm, 9.42 mm, and 9.02 mm, respectively. Differences were observed in most morphometric parameters when comparing age groups. Significant intergender differences in total population were observed in most parameters, when individualizing each age group the height remained significant in all. The group with the least height measurement was aged 5–9 years, this however, could allow the OC screw (≥6.5 mm) placement. ConclusionDifferences in most morphometric parameters of OC were observed between age groups and gender, particularly patients with 5−9 years. However, all groups presented a minimum height that allows the placement of a standard screw. A preoperative imaging study is always recommended due to the variability and complexity of the region.

Comparative empirical evaluations of internal migration models in subnational population projections

While population forecasters place considerable emphasis on the selection of appropriate migration assumptions, surprisingly little attention has been given to the effects on projection outcomes of the way internal migration is handled within population projection models. This paper compares population projections for Australia's states and territories prepared using ten different internal migration models but with identical assumptions for fertility, mortality and international migration and with the internal migration model parameters held constant. It is shown that the choice of migration model generates large differences in total population, geographical distribution and age-sex composition. It is argued that model choice should be guided by balancing model reality with practical utility and model performance is examined against these criteria. Of the ten models evaluated the authors argue that the migration pool, biregional, and biregional with net constraints models offer a good compromise between conceptual rigour and practicality. If the projected origin-destination flows are required then one of the versions of the standard multiregional model with reduced data inputs is preferred. The large variation in projection outputs points to the need for a better understanding of the spatio-temporal structure of migration in Australia.

Effect of Experimental Dermatophyte Infection on Cutaneous Flora

The cutaneous aerobic bacterial flora was monitored during the course of experimental dermatiphyte (ringworm) infections on the forearms of 9 volunteers. Micrococcaceae were identified by the new Baird-Parker classification with the aid of a replica-plating technique. There were significant differences in total populations but not in kinds of flora compared with control (opposite) forearms. The proportion of penicillin-resistant microorganisms, however increased the infection, to a degree which varied as to individual. All coccal groups were affected; resistant flora diminished when the fungus was no longer DETECTED. Staphylococci were more frequently isolated than micrococci on the infected areas, but Staphylococcus aureus was not found. Trends toward hierarchies in persistance and quantities IV were observed among the flora, with Staphylococcus subgroups II and dominating the infected sites. On both areas almost all diphtheroids were nonfluorescent, lipophilic, and lipolytic. One subject consistently carried Bacillus firmus; another's normal microbiota contained Alcaligenes faecalis.

Seasonal Ecological Study of Foraminifera from Timbalier Bay, Louisiana: ABSTRACT

Within the last decade, considerable attention has been directed toward understanding the ecological habits of Foraminifera. This study has ventured deeper than previous ones in an attempt to learn the habits of living Foraminifera in Timbalier Bay, Louisiana, over a period of a year. Ten monthly collections of samples were made from seventeen locations in the bay. Data relating to salinity, temperature, pH, eh, and other chemical and physical properties of the waters were recorded at this time. Upon examination of the samples, it was determined that twenty-three species of Foraminifera could be considered End_Page 1969------------------------------ common in the bay. Two facies zones were recognized within this polyhaline bay by the restriction of certain species to characteristic areas. Reproduction of the Foraminifera appeared to be dependent upon the environmental factors of salinity and temperatures. The use of water chemistry, other than salinity, to explain the reproductive habits of the Foraminifera was unsuccessful. Availability of nutrients is believed to be the principal cause of differences in total populations of living Foraminifera in the bay. These nutrients are probably derived from the land areas and transported around the bay by the normal water flow. Three periods of inflow of these materials into the bay were noted. There has been no comparable foraminiferal study of this bay. A recent foraminiferal study of several bays in Texas (Phleger and Lankford, 1957) is similar, but the periods between collections were longer, and no attempts were made to correlate the Foraminifera with the chemical properties of the bay. Myers (1943) studied the effects of food, substratum, depth, temperature, pH, oxygen tension, turbulence, turbidity, animal associations, parasites, and enemies of a single species, Elphidium crispum, over a period of a year. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1970------------