Differences In Sexual Function Research Articles

Primipara Mothers who delivered vaginally or by cesarean section, is there an impact on the sexual function?

Background: The strength of the muscles of the pelvic floor and other supporting structures of the pelvic organs are affected by various events that occur during a woman's lifetime. Pregnancy and childbirth have a pronounced influence on maternal anatomy and physiology. Aim of the Work: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the mode of delivery on the sexual function (arousal-pleasure-orgasm-desire) -among a representative sample of Egyptian primiparae. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional observational comparative study was conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital during the period between November 2017and July 2018 on 260 women who had single uncomplicated delivery within a duration of not less than 6 months and not more than 2 years from recruitment of the study. Results: Pain was significantly positively correlated to the age [r=0.319, p=0.013] and social class [r=0.276, p=0.028]. Both satisfaction and the overall sexual function score was also significantly positively correlated to social class[r=0.275, p=0.032; r=0.237, p=0.048; respectively]. Pelvic floor muscle strength was poorly correlated to sexual function. Conclusions: The study revealed a significant difference in pelvic floor muscle strength between women who delivered vaginally and those who delivered by Cesarean section. However, there was no significant difference in sexual function between women who delivered vaginally and those who delivered by Cesarean section. Pelvic floor muscle strength was poorly correlated to sexual function. Recommendations: Cesarean section on demand should not be considered as prophylaxis against sexual dysfunction. A larger, nation-wide based study should be performed for assessment of sexual dysfunction among women of different age groups and parities.

Efektifitas endorphin massage terhadap fungsi seksual perempuan pada masa menopause

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness ofendorphine massage on female sexual function during menopause inNgampel District of Kendal Regency. Sampling was done by samplingcriteria acsidental aged less than 60 years old, have a husband, in a healthycondition. Data processing was performed using the Wilcoxon test todetermine differences in sexual function before and after the interventionwhile endorphine effectiveness of massage performed by using MannWhitney.Hasil research: Wilcoxon test showed that there are significantdifferences in sexual function before and after being given endorphineMassage with p value 0.00. While Mann Whitney test showed p value of0.13 and the value of z score of -2.828, which means there is a stronginfluence among endorphine Massage to increased sexual function soendorphine Massage is effective for improving sexual function.

Sexual vs. Non-sexual trauma, sexual satisfaction and function, and mental health in female veterans

ABSTRACTTrauma in general, and sexual assault in particular, is associated with serious mental health and functional problems. The quality of sexual satisfaction/function may be particularly impacted by sexual assault, and such sexual problems may account for some of the broader mental health and functioning impairments in sexual assault survivors. Accordingly, we examined self-reports of sexual health and mental health in a sample of 255 female veterans in committed, monogamous relationships who provided data regarding sexual assault (n = 153) or nonsexual trauma (n = 102). Trauma type was not associated with differences in sexual function, but sexual trauma was associated with significantly lower sexual satisfaction, greater posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms, and higher suicidal ideation. Furthermore, the indirect effect of trauma type on all mental health outcomes was significant via sexual satisfaction but not via sexual function. Finally, trauma type moderated the association of sexual function with suicidality, such that the association was significantly positive in those with a history of sexual assault but nonsignificant in those with nonsexual trauma. These results suggest that (1) female veterans’ experience of sexual assault is related to sexual satisfaction, which in turn is related to mental health outcomes, and (2) a history of sexual assault may increase the importance of sexual functioning with regard to suicidality.

THE DIFFERENCES IN SEXUAL FUNCTION BETWEEN WOMEN AFTER CESAREAN SECTION WITH INDICATION OF SECOND STAGE DISTOCIA AND ELECTIVE INDICATION

This research want<strong> </strong>to know the difference between a woman's sexual function after childbirth with Caesarean section on indications second stage dystocia and elective.This study is observational analytic with cross sectional design using comparative in M. Djamil General Hospital and Networking Hospital. Obtained samples are 26 women after childbirth cesarean section for second stage dystocia and 26 women after elective Caesarean section were spawned from term pregnancies that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate using independent T test. The average female sexual function after cesarean section indication of second stage dystocia is 27,70 ± 8,53 and female sexual function after elective Caesarean section indications are 33,55 ± 3,18. Statistical test results are known there is a difference in sexual function between women after Caesarean section indication of second stage dystocia and elective p = 0,003 (p ≤ 0,05). There is a difference between a woman's sexual function after childbirth Caesarean section on indications second stage dystocia and elective.

Effects of Therapeutic-Supportive Interventions on Sexual Satisfaction and Function in Women with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

Context: Breast cancer in women can cause sexual dissatisfaction and hinder sexual function as a result of treatment processes. Several studies have been conducted on the impact of therapeutic-supportive interventions on sexual satisfaction and performance; nonetheless, contradictory results have been reported. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to review the effects of therapeutic-supportive interventions on sexual satisfaction and function in patients with breast cancer. In this study, a quality assessment of published articles was also conducted. Evidence Acquisition: In this systematic review, electronic databases, including Google Scholar,Web of Sciences, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Scopus, and PubMed (including Medline), were searched to retrieve articles published between 1990 and 2016.The articles were screened with regard to breast cancer in 4 stages. Articles, which focused on therapeutic-supportive interventions and sexual satisfaction and function of patients with breast cancer, were included in the study. According to the heterogeneity index between articles (Cochran’s Q and I square tests), the random effects model, inverse variance weighting method, and standardized Cohen’s statistics were applied to estimate the mean differences in sexual function and satisfaction. Results: Six articles studied the effects of therapeutic-supportive interventions on sexual satisfaction, while 8 articles assessed the effects of these interventions on sexual function in patients with breast cancer. The standardized mean difference of sexual satisfaction between the intervention and control groups was -0.03 (95% CI, -0.55 - 0.49). In addition, the standardized mean difference of sexual function between the intervention and control groups was 0.14 (95% CI, -0.28 - 0.57). Conclusions: The results showed that therapeutic-supportive interventions had no impact on the sexual satisfaction and function of patients with breast cancer.

Effects of Sex Hormones in Combined oral Contraceptives and Cyclofem on Female Sexual Dysfunction Score: A Study on Iranian Females

AbstractIntroduction: Unwanted pregnancy can endanger reproductive health, and its complications could adversely affect quality of life in females, families, and the community. A large number of unwanted pregnancies are terminated with abortion or stillbirth. Sex is an important aspect of quality of life. According to reproductive rights, females have the right to experience a safe and enjoyable sexual relationship. This study aimed at comparing sexual function scores between females taking combined oral contraceptives and Cyclofem at health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences of Tehran, Iran, During Year 2013.Methods: This descriptive-comparative study was carried -out on 240 females (each group 120) in Tehran, Iran, by multistage sampling. Data collection tools had 3 parts; General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), demographic variables, and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) that were completed by interviews. Descriptive statistics, independent t, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square, and SPPS16 were used for analysis of data. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: The difference in sexual function between combined oral contraceptives and cyclofem was insignificant. Scores of desire and arousal dimensions were better in combined oral contraceptive consumers than cyclofem users.Conclusions: It is important for females to choose hormonal contraception methods, which are the most effective, yet, cause the least sexual dysfunction.

Patient Reported Comparative Effectiveness of Contemporary Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Versus External Beam Radiation Therapy of the Mid 1990s for Localized Prostate Cancer

IntroductionLittle is known about differences in patient reported outcomes between contemporary external beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer that delivers higher doses of conformal radiation and older techniques. We examined sexual, urinary and bowel function between men undergoing contemporary intensity modulated radiation therapy vs those undergoing external beam radiation therapy in the mid 1990s. MethodsSubjects were selected from 2 large population based prospective cohort studies. Main outcomes were between-group differences in adjusted mean scores at 6 and 12 months. Secondary analyses examined odds ratios comparing groups reporting a clinically significant decline in function. ResultsThe cohort consisted of 943 men, 467 diagnosed in 2011 to 2012 and 476 diagnosed in 1994 to 1995. Men undergoing contemporary intensity modulated radiation therapy reported better bowel function at 6 months (mean difference 4.3 points, 95% CI 1.6–7.0) but not at 12 months. Patients receiving contemporary intensity modulated radiation therapy reported statistically worse but probably not clinically meaningful different urinary function at 12 months (2.7, 0.5 to 4.8 points), and no difference at 6 months. No differences in sexual function at 6 or 12 months were found. Secondary analyses demonstrated lower odds of reporting clinically meaningful declines in bowel function at 6 and 12 months and sexual function at 12 months for contemporary intensity modulated radiation therapy. However, patients receiving intensity modulated radiation therapy had higher odds of reporting clinically meaningful declines in urinary continence at 12 months. ConclusionsDespite the delivery of higher doses of radiation, men treated with contemporary intensity modulated radiation therapy reported fewer gastrointestinal and possibly fewer sexual side effects than those treated with external beam radiation therapy in the mid 1990s. However, delivery of dose escalated intensity modulated radiation therapy may cause more urinary side effects.

Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on sexual function and bother in men with prostate cancer: A controlled comparison.

The adverse sexual effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on men with prostate cancer have been well described. Less well known is the relative degree of sexual dysfunction and bother associated with ADT compared to other primary treatment modalities such as radical prostatectomy. We sought to describe the trajectory and relative magnitude of changes in sexual function and bother in men on ADT and to examine demographic and clinical predictors of ADT's adverse sexual effects. Prostate cancer patients treated with ADT (n=60) completed assessments of sexual function and sexual bother 3 times during a 1-year period after the initiation of ADT. Prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy only and not receiving ADT (n=85) and men with no history of cancer (n=86) matched on age and education completed assessments at similar intervals. Androgen deprivation therapy recipients reported worsening sexual function and increasing bother over time compared to controls. Effect sizes for the differences in sexual function were large to very large, and for bother were small to very large. Age younger than 83years predicted relatively poorer sexual function, and age younger than 78years predicted greater sexual bother at 12months in men on ADT compared to men not on ADT. Most men on ADT for prostate cancer will never return to baseline levels of sexual function. Interventions focused on sexual bother over function and designed to help couples build and maintain satisfying relationship intimacy are likely to more positively affect men's psychological well-being while on ADT than medical or sexual aids targeting sexual dysfunction.

Breast-Specific Sensuality and Sexual Function in Cancer Survivorship: Does Surgical Modality Matter?

More early-staged breast cancer patients are choosing mastectomy. No studies have addressed breast-specific sensuality (BSS), defined as the breast's role during intimacy. We explored BSS among women undergoing lumpectomy (L), mastectomy alone (M), or with reconstruction (MR) and analyzed the association of surgical modality with sexual function. Women undergoing breast cancer surgery between 2000 and 2013 were eligible for survey using investigator-generated questions and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Demographic and surgical data were collected by chart review. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze FSFI scores, and χ 2 or Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical data. Of 453 invited participants, 268 (59%) completed the survey. Of these, 69.4, 22.4, and 8.2% underwent L, MR, or M, respectively. The importance of the breast/chest wall during intimacy declined significantly regardless of surgical modality (L 83-74%, p=0.0006; M 95-47%, p=0.003; MR 93-77%, p=0.002). No difference in sexual function was found between L, MR, and M (median FSFI score 28.2, 27.5, 25.9, respectively; p=1.0). Comparing L versus MR, higher FSFI scores resulted with appearance satisfaction (29.0 vs. 22.6 p=0.002) and preserved BSS as pleasurable breast caress (28.8 vs. 26.5, p=0.04) and the breast as part of intimacy (28.8 vs. 24.8, p=0.1). Breast cancer surgery is associated with lowered BSS. However, BSS and appearance satisfaction scores are better for L and appear to correlate with improved sexual function postoperatively. These data may guide surgical counseling and contribute to survivorship outcomes.

Initial observation of CIN2 does not appear to reduce quality of life in women under 25years of age.

Although the patient perspective is implicit in the practice of medicine, research evaluating this remains scarce. In a climate where clinicians and policy-makers constantly strive to achieve more patient-centred models of care, this omission warrants attention. To assess health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in women under 25years of age with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) receiving conservative management (colposcopy follow-up, with treatment if necessary) compared with those receiving immediate excisional treatment with large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). An observational study evaluating HrQoL was conducted at Christchurch Women's Hospital, New Zealand. Women undergoing conservative management for CIN2 were compared with those undergoing immediate excisional treatment in an age-matched sample. The Short Form Health Survey 12 version 2 (SF-12v2) was used to evaluate HrQoL. Secondary outcomes of anxiety and sexual function were also assessed. One hundred and four women with CIN2 participated in the study. Of these, 63 (60%) received conservative management and 41 (40%) received immediate excisional treatment with LLETZ. We found no significant difference in HrQoL between the groups in a multivariate regression analysis adjusted for parity, smoking and socioeconomic status. There were also no significant differences in sexual function or anxiety. We found no difference in HrQoL by management strategy. Conservative management of CIN2 in women under 25 is unlikely to have an adverse impact on self-reported HrQoL, anxiety or sexual functioning compared with conventional management.

Sexual function in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome and unexplained infertility

While female sexual dysfunction is a frequent occurrence, characteristics in infertile women are not well delineated. Furthermore, the impact of infertility etiology on the characteristics in women with differing androgen levels observed in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and unexplained infertility has not been assessed. The objective of the study was to determine the characteristics of sexual dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and unexplained infertility. A secondary data analysis was performed on 2 of Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Cooperative Reproductive Medicine Networks clinical trials: Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Study II and Assessment of Multiple Intrauterine Gestations From Ovarian Stimulation. Both protocols assessed female sexual function using the Female Sexual Function Inventory and the Female Sexual Distress Scale. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome had higher weight and body mass index than women with unexplained infertility (each P<.001), greater phenotypic (Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score, sebum score, and acne score; each P < .001), and hormonal (testosterone, free testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone; each P < .001) evidence of androgen excess. Sexual function scores, as assessed by the Female Sexual Function Inventory, were nearly identical. The Female Sexual Distress Scale total score was higher in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The mean Female Sexual Function Inventory total score increased slightly as the free androgen index increased, mainly as a result of the desire subscore. This association was more pronounced in the women with unexplained infertility. Reproductive-age women with infertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and unexplained infertility, despite phenotypic and biochemical differences in androgenic manifestations, do not manifest clinically significant differences in sexual function.

Long-term follow-up after active surveillance or curative treatment: quality-of-life outcomes of men with low-risk prostate cancer

PurposeTo compare long-term (4–10 years) quality of life (QoL) of men with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) treated by different modalities and a reference group without PCa.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, four groups were sent a one-time QoL-questionnaire; PCa patients (1) following the structured Prostate cancer Research International Active Surveillance protocol, (2) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) in the context of the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer—section Rotterdam, (3) who underwent radiotherapy (RT) at an academic hospital in The Netherlands, and (4) an age-matched reference group of men without PCa. The QoL-questionnaire addressed prostate-specific health (EPIC), generic health (SF-12), and anxiety (STAI-6). Statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05) and clinical relevance (≥0.5 SD) of differences between groups were assessed.ResultsThe AS, RP, RT, and reference group response rates amounted to 74% (122/165), 66% (70/106), 66% (221/335), and 75% (205/273), respectively. At a mean of 6.6 years of follow-up, active surveillance (AS)-men reported better urinary function [M = 93.0 (SD = 10.6) vs. 80.0 (SD = 19.1), p ≤ 0.001], less urinary incontinence [M = 90.0 (SD = 14.6) vs. 70.1 (SD = 28.8), p ≤ 0.001], and better sexual function [M = 40.9 (SD = 24.6) vs. 14.8 (17.7), p ≤ 0.001, clinically relevant] than RP-men. Compared to RT, AS-men reported better sexual function [M = 40.9 (SD = 24.6) vs. 25.8 (SD = 25.0), p = 0.069]. The four groups reported similarly low anxiety levels; the number of highly anxious men (STAI ≥ 44) ranged from 8 to 13%. For all QoL domains, men on AS and men without PCa reported very similar scores.ConclusionsProstate-specific function of AS-men was significantly better than that of RP-men. When comparing AS to RT, a borderline significant difference in sexual function was seen. Men who followed an AS strategy for a long-term period were not anxious and accepted it well, suggesting that AS may be a good treatment option for men with low-risk PCa.

Female sexual function following a novel transobturator sling procedure without paraurethral dissection (modified-TOT).

ABSTRACTPurpose To determine whether there is a difference in sexual function after modified and classical TOT procedures.Materials and Methods Of the 80 sexually active women with SUI, 36 underwent an original outside-in TOT as described by Delorme, and 44 underwent modified TOT procedure, between 2011 and 2015. The severity of incontinence and sexual function were evaluated using International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires preoperatively and 3 months after surgery.Results The postoperative ICIQ-SF score was significantly lower than the preoperative ICIQ-SF score in both groups (p=0.004 for modified TOT and p=0.002 for classical TOT). There was no significant difference in the ICIQ-SF score reduction between the two groups (14.1±2.1 vs. 14.4±1.9; p=0.892). Complication rates according to the Clavien-Dindo classification were also similar in both groups. In both groups, difference between preoperative and postoperative FSFI scores revealed a statistically significant improvement in all domains. Comparison of postoperative 3-month FSFI scores of modified and classical TOT groups showed statistically significant differences in arousal, lubrication and orgasm domains. Desire, satisfaction, pain and total FSFI scores did not differ significantly between two groups.Conclusion The modified TOT technique is a simple, reliable and minimal invasive procedure. The cure rate of incontinence and complication rates are the same as those of the classical TOT technique. However, due to the positive effects of minimal tissue damage on sexual arousal and orgasmic function, modified TOT has an advantage over the classical TOT.

Sexual Dysfunction in Two Types of Hormonal Contraception: Combined Oral Contraceptives versus Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

Background & aim: Sexual health is an essential element of quality of life, affecting both physical and psychological domains. Hormones used in contraceptive methods have contradictory effects on sexual function. In this study, we aimed to compare sexual function in women using combined oral contraceptives (COC) and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), referred to healthcare centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran in 2013. Methods: This descriptive, comparative study was performed on 240 women (n=120 per group), selected through multistage sampling in Tehran, Iran. A questionnaire consisting of three parts, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), demographic characteristics, and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), was completed through interviews. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were calculated, and independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact test were performed, using SPPS version 16. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age at marriage in women using DMPA was lower than those using COC (18.55±3.61 vs. 19.92±3.98 years). Based on the findings, the menstrual status in the majority of DMPA users was irregular (46.7% in DMPA group vs. 8.3% in COC group). The difference in sexual function between the COC and DMPA groups was significant. Sexual arousal and lubrication were more favorable in the COC group in comparison with the DMPA group; also, pain in this group was lower than the DMPA group. Scores of total sexual function (27.35±5.22 in DMPA group vs. 29.15±6.13 in COC group), sexual arousal (4.11±0.90 in DMPA group vs. 4.51±1.39 in COC group), and vaginal lubrication (4.82±1.30 in DMPA group vs. 5.26±1.35 in COC group) were lower in the DMPA group, compared to the COC group. Pain scores (4.91±1.25 in DMPA group vs. 5.28±1.19 in COC group) were higher in the DMPA group in comparison with the COC group (p <0.05). Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction seems to be more prevalent among DMPA users. Therefore, healthcare providers should pay particular attention to sexual function and contraceptive methods. Also, we recommend further research to determine the best way to inform women about the potential risks and benefits of hormonal contraception.

A Study on Sexual Function, Sexual Stress, and Quality of Life in Middle Aged Women Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among sexual function, sexual stress, and quality of life inmiddle aged women patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 154 middle aged women patient with diabetesmellitus in one hospital. Results Themean sexual function score was 12.99±9.11. There were statistically significant differences in sexual function according to age, level of education, employment status, time of being diagnosed with diabetesmellitus, number of complications, self-monitoring of blood glucose,menopausal status, and level of glycosylated hemoglobin. Themean sexual stress score was 26.99±16.88. The score of quality of life was 79.12±14.30. There were statistically significant differences in quality of life according to level of education. Sexual function was negatively correlated with sexual stress (r=-.46 p<.001) and positively correlated with quality of life (r=.32, p<.001), while sexual stress was negatively correlated with quality of life (r=-.36 p<.001). Conclusion Higher sexual dysfunction in middle aged women patients with diabetes mellitus was correlated with lower sexual stress and improved quality of life, while lower sexual stress was correlated with improved quality of life. 주요어: ì¤‘ë „ì—¬ì„±, 당뇨병, 성기능, 성 ìŠ¤íŠ¸ë ˆìŠ¤, 삶의 질 Key words: Middle age, Women, Diabetes mellitus, Sexual function, Quality of life

Parental Report Of Gender Differences In Sexual Functioning Among Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Jordanian Experience

Parental Report Of Gender Differences In Sexual Functioning Among Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Jordanian Experience

The Lived Experiences of Sexual Desire Among Chinese-Canadian Men and Women

How North American Chinese conceptualize and experience sexual desire is not well understood, and may have implications for understanding cross-cultural differences in sexual functioning. This study examined narratives of sexual desire among Chinese men and women in Canada. Ten each of Chinese men (age: M = 24.0, range = 18–42) and women (age: M = 23.5, range = 19–38) took part in semi-structured interviews in which they were invited to share personal accounts of sexual desire. A phenomenological analysis of participants’ responses showed men and women described desire as having genital, nongenital-physical, and cognitive-emotional components. Chinese cultural prohibitions against sexuality, particularly pronounced in women, were a common inhibitor of desire. Relationship factors appeared as a frequently endorsed context and target of desire. These findings suggest that relationship context is of paramount importance in Chinese individuals and that previous findings of low sexual functioning in this group may be due to inhibition from cultural factors. However, the experience of desire in Chinese individuals is also in many ways similar to that of existing conceptualizations from Western samples.

Sexual Anatomy and Function in Women With and Without Genital Mutilation: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Female genital mutilation (FGM), the partial or total removal of the external genitalia for non-medical reasons, can affect female sexuality. However, only few studies are available, and these have significant methodologic limitations. To understand the impact of FGM on the anatomy of the clitoris and bulbs using magnetic resonance imaging and on sexuality using psychometric instruments and to study whether differences in anatomy after FGM correlate with differences in sexual function, desire, and body image. A cross-sectional study on sexual function and sexual anatomy was performed in women with and without FGM. Fifteen women with FGM involving cutting of the clitoris and 15 uncut women as a control group matched by age and parity were prospectively recruited. Participants underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging with vaginal opacification by ultrasound gel and completed validated questionnaires on desire (Sexual Desire Inventory), body image (Questionnaire d'Image Corporelle [Body Image Satisfaction Scale]), and sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index). Primary outcomes were clitoral and bulbar measurements on magnetic resonance images. Secondary outcomes were sexual function, desire, and body image scores. Women with FGM did not have significantly decreased clitoral glans width and body length but did have significantly smaller volume of the clitoris plus bulbs. They scored significantly lower on sexual function and desire than women without FGM. They did not score lower on Female Sexual Function Index sub-scores for orgasm, desire, and satisfaction and on the Questionnaire d'Image Corporelle but did report significantly more dyspareunia. A larger total volume of clitoris and bulbs did not correlate with higher Female Sexual Function Index and Sexual Desire Inventory scores in women with FGM compared with uncut women who had larger total volume that correlated with higher scores. Women with FGM have sexual erectile tissues for sexual arousal, orgasm, and pleasure. Women with sexual dysfunction should be appropriately counseled and treated.

Comparison of sexual activity and life satisfaction in women with intended and unintended pregnancies

Comparison of sexual activity and life satisfaction in women with intended and unintended pregnancies

Economic evaluation of brief sex counseling for sexually dysfunctional adolescents

ABSTRACTObjectives: In a randomized controlled trial brief sex counselling (BSC), intensive sexual healthcare (ISH) and no treatment (NT) for adolescents with a sexual dysfunction were compared. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of BSC versus ISH and NT from a societal perspective. Methods: Costs, sexual functioning and quality of life were measured during 6 months. Primary outcome measures were measured with the Female Sexual Functional Index, the International Index of Erectile Function and the utilities reflecting Quality of Life based on the SF-36. Uncertainty was dealt with by using bootstrap replications and sensitivity analyses. Results: Results show that the societal costs were the highest for ISH followed by NT and BSC. The difference in costs between ISH compared to NT and BSC was significant. Furthermore, there were no significant group differences in sexual functioning or quality of life. With respect to the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility, BSC can be considered to be a suitable treatment for adolescents with a sexual dysfunction. Conclusions: Due to the lack of a significant difference in clinical effect, it can be concluded that BSC is the cheapest treatment option when implementing the intention-to-treat, besides a no treatment option, for adolescents with a sexual dysfunction.