Differences In Seed Germination Research Articles

Differences in Seed Germination, Plant Growth, and Proline Content of Some Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes Under Salinity Stress

Differences in Seed Germination, Plant Growth, and Proline Content of Some Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes Under Salinity Stress

Varietal Difference in Seed Germination under Different Levels of Salt Stress in Rice

Background: Salinity, major abiotic stress affects many field crops including rice. Salinity account 20% of cultivated area and may cover 50% irrigated area by the end of 2050 due to climate change. Global food security ensured by developing high yielding rice varieties tolerant to different abiotic stress. Salinity affect both germination and other growth stages of rice. Methods: Present study conducted in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University aim to assess the seed germination of rice under salinity stress using germination and growth parameters. In our study we included 11 rice genotypes with one tolerant check Pokkali and one susceptible check IR 64 recorded germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index, seedling vigour index, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, root length to shoot length ratio and stress tolerance index. Result: Two way ANOVA used for comparing means. Two component extracted through principle component analysis which explained a total of 83.54% variance. Component 1 explained 64.96% and component 2 explained 18.57%. Stress tolerance index recorded higher for TRY 3 under 150mM NaCl followed by TRY 2.

Adaptive drought tolerance during germination of Salsola drummondii seeds from saline and nonsaline habitats of the arid Arabian deserts

The effects of temperature, light, salinity, and drought on germination of halophytes have been extensively studied. However, few studies have focused on the germination of plants that grow well in both saline and nonsaline habitats (i.e., habitat-indifferent halophytes). Here, we assess the impacts of population origin, temperature, and light on drought tolerance, as simulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), during germination of Salsola drummondii Ulbr., a habitat-indifferent halophyte from the arid Arabian deserts. Seeds were collected from both saline and nonsaline habitats and germinated at six concentrations of PEG at three temperatures and two light regimes. An increase in the concentration of PEG resulted in a significant reduction in seed germination, especially at higher temperatures. Seeds from the nonsaline habitat attained significantly greater germination efficiency at concentrations of PEG up to –1.2 MPa, but there was no difference in germination of seeds between the two habitats at concentrations of –1.5 MPa. Seeds from the saline habitat germinated significantly faster at higher concentrations of PEG. Germination was significantly higher in darkness than in light at –1.5 MPa at the lower temperatures, but the opposite was true for the higher temperatures. Seeds from saline habitats had higher levels of dormancy and faster rates of germination at higher concentrations of PEG because of their adaptation to low osmotic potentials.

Improving Cattle Nutrition on the Great Plains with Shrubs and Fecal Seeding of Fourwing Saltbush

Two in vitro trials were conducted for estimates of dietary percentage of fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens; FS) or winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata; WF) for improved dietary digestibility when cattle graze mature cool-season grass. Three in vitro trials were conducted to estimate percentage of FS and WF seeds that could survive passage through the bovine gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) with potential for fecal seeding. Mixtures of FS and mature smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis; SB) or WF and SB had greater apparent digestibility than SB alone (P < 0.0001). There were positive linear relationships (r2 ≥ 0.93) between the amount of each shrub in digested mixtures and digestibility. Similar relationships were observed with mixtures of FS and mature Altai wildrye (Leymus angustus). Germination of Dakota FS seeds in the first trial, incubated for 24 or 48 h, was 55% and 47%, respectively, with no difference in germination of seeds for the 24- and 48-h incubations (P = 0.26), but more seeds germinated if incubated versus not (P ≤ 0.002). Germination of Utah FS seeds, which were incubated for 24 or 48 h with high-, medium-, or low-quality forage, averaged 9% and 8%, respectively. Length of incubation, forage quality, and their interaction did not influence germination (P ≥ 0.45). Germination of nonincubated Utah FS seeds was 21% and greater than for incubated seeds (P = 0.004). Average germination of WF seeds was 0.6% and 0.1% for 24- and 48-h incubations, respectively, with incubation length, forage quality, and their interaction not significant (P ≥ 0.31). Nonincubated WF seeds had greater germination (42%) than incubated seeds (P < 0.0001). Results from the third trial were confirmatory for Dakota FS seed. FS and WF can improve diet quality of grazing cattle in late summer through winter, and some FS seeds have potential for fecal seeding.

Interspecific Differences in Seed Germination, Establishment, and Early Growth in Relation to Preferred Soil Type in an Alpine Community

ABSTRACTSpecies distributions may be limited by substrate boundaries due to constraints at either the germination or seedling establishment life history stages. In a community of alpine tundra plants from the Sierra Nevada, some species are widespread, occurring across all four substrates studied: diorite, granite, hornfels, and marble. Other species are restricted to fewer soil types. We collected seeds from 12 species and performed a reciprocal transplant experiment in growth chambers using native soils. Eleven species germinated and established equally well across all soil types, indicating substrate chemistry did not alone determine species field distributions. However, two patterns emerged that may contribute to our understanding of species composition and dominance across substrates. First, species more dominant on the drier substrates reached at least half their total germination within two weeks of planting. Species more dominant on the wetter substrates required a longer period in wet soil to germinate. Second, there is a strong correlation between species relative abundance and percent germination, indicating that high percent germination may contribute to some species’ dominance. To determine the influence of soil type on plant size, a subset of species were grown for more time. All species were larger on hornfels and marble than on granite and diorite, indicating that species have the highest growth on the most nutrient-rich soils, rather than on their native soils. Taken together, these data suggest that water may be the limiting factor for species germination, and the differential nutrient availability across soil types has a strong influence on early seedling growth.

Spatial and Developmental Variation in Seed Dormancy Characteristics in the Fire-responsive Species Anigozanthos manglesii(Haemodoraceae) from Western Australia

Anigozanthos manglesii(Haemodoraceae) is a colourful, herbaceous perennial exhibiting intra- and inter-populational variation in germination in response to smoke and heat. This study investigated the extent and nature of this variation in A. manglesii populations collected along a 550km latitudinal cline from kwongan scrub (30°S) to more mesic jarrah forest habitats (34°S) in southwestern Australia. Variation in seed germination along a maturing inflorescence was also investigated. Germination of this species is known to be prolific following fire, and two germination treatments, aerosol smoke and heat, were used as germination cues. There was a trend of increasing responsiveness of A. manglesii to smoke with increasing latitude along a clinal range, but there were no differences in germination of seeds along the cline in response to control or heat treatments. There was no significant difference in intra-population seed germination in response to any treatment. Lastly, a significant and increasing response to smoke for seeds from the apex to base of the inflorescence was detected. This latter trend may be attributed to higher resource allocation and an accelerated after-ripening of basipetal compared to acropetal seeds. Possible reasons for the clinal variation are discussed.

Effect of Different Osmotica on Germination of Alkali Sacaton (Sporobolus airoides Torr.) at Various Moisture Stresses

The moisture-limiting ability of aqueous solutions of mannitol, Carbowax 200, and Carbowax 4,000 was tested at moisture tensions ranging from 0.3 through 15.0 atm. Carbowax 4,000 was the only osmoticum that reduced seed germination at 3.0 atm over that at 0.3 atm. Germination of seeds treated with Carbowax 200 was less at 8.0, 12.0, and 15.0 atm than that of seeds treated with mannitol and Carbowax 4,000, but there were no differences in germination of seeds treated with the latter two osmotica at these tensions. There were no differences in percent germination among any of the osmotica at 0.3 and 3.0 atm.