Differences In Pocket Depth Research Articles

The relationship between maternal periodontal and dental health status and preterm birth: A case-control study

Introduction: The idea that oral infections spread to other systems has long been of interest to clinicians. On the other hand, there are researches suggesting the possibility of periodontitis and dental caries being a risk factor for low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB). The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between periodontal and dental health status with PTB. Methods: In this case-control study, 82 pregnant women were evaluated. The case group included mothers with preterm infants (gestational age of less than 37 weeks), while the control group involved mothers who had term labors (gestational age of 37-42 weeks). Oral examinations were carried out up to 48 hours after delivery. Periodontal and dental health indicators, including decayed, missed, filled teeth (DMFT), periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI) were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17 software through Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U and Fisher exact tests. Results: DMFT was 7.34±4.45 and 5.68±4.29 for mothers with preterm infants and mothers in control group, respectively (P=0.023). CAL (P=0.001) and BOP (P=0.012) were significantly higher in mothers with preterm infants, but there was no significant difference in Pocket depth (P=0.57) and GI (P=0.51) between the studied groups. Conclusion: There is a relationship between some maternal periodontal and dental health indicators and PTBs signifying that elimination of any oral sources of inflammation may reduce the risk of premature birth.

The Clinical Effect of Diode Laser in the Treatment of the periodontal Pockets in Comparison with the use of photodynamic therapy (Comparative study)

Abstract: Background: Periodontal diseases a group of microbial infections that’s found in gingiva and supporting tissues of the teeth. The effect of microorganisms in the periodontitis could be confirmed. Purpose: The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Diode laser versus PDT in periodontitis treatment as non-surgical method of treatment. Materials and methods: Thirty patients’ males and females suffering from gingival pockets with age range from 20 to 65 years old from faculty of oral and dental medicine out clinics and selected randomly and divided in 2 groups each group contains fifteen patients. Group A received scaling and root planning in addition to 980 nm diode laser while Group B group received scaling and root planning in addition to PDT. Results: showed statistically significance improvement in group A (F=114.697, P=0.000) and in group B (F=126.308, P=0.000). Also, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (F=5.904, P=0.000) with most difference in Pocket depth only (F=21.122, P=0.000) with statistically significant differences in post treatment value (F= 2.333, P=0.000) and follow up at one (F=0.700, P=0.019) and six months (F=1.100, P=0.000). Conclusion: Both PDT and Diode therapy have significant effect in pocket depth, bacterial count and bleeding examination in periodontitis treatment, but PDT have Superior effect when pocket depth is the target.

EVALUATION OF CRESTAL BONE CHANGES AROUND DELAYED IMPLANT IN RESPONSE TO DIODE LASER THEARAPY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL.

Dental implants have become an essential part in the field of dentistry. One of the commonly used criteria for evaluation of dental implant success is the marginal bone changes around the dental implant. The aim of the study was to evaluate crestal bone changes around delayed dental implants subjected to low intensity laser application compared to dental implants without laser application.This was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on twelve patients with twelve missing premolar maxillary teeth which needed to be replaced with dental implants. The Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A (non-laser group) received endosseous root form implant, and the healing phase was left to progress spontaneously without any intervention while Group B (Laser group) received endosseous root form implant followed by low intensity laser application. Clinical parameters assessed were probing depth (PD) and the distance between implant shoulder and mucosa. Radiographic parameter measured using paralleling periapical x-ray was the distance between implant shoulder and bone, which represented crestal bone level. For the clinical parameters measured, including the PD and DIM, it was shown that the LLLT had no effect on the results as no significant difference in pocket depth was found between the two groups. For the DIB which was measured radiographically , the mean crestal bone loss was 0.4 mm after 6 months of implant placement in the Laser group versus 0.7mm after 6 months in the non-laser group. This result showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

Comparison of Platform Switched and Platform Matched Implants on Supporting Structures of Mandibular Overdentures: A Three Year Follow-up Longitudinal Study.

Objectives To compare the influence of platform switched and matched implants on supporting structures of mandibular overdenture by measuring marginal bone loss (MBL) and soft tissue changes including probing depth and implant stability. Material and Methods Twenty completely edentulous patients age 50- 60 years were selected for this longitudinal study. Complete dentures were performed for all patients, they were divided randomly into 2 groups; 10 patients each. The first group obtained 2 platform switched implants while the second group obtained two platform matched implants (3.6 × 11.5 mm) in the canine areas of the mandible. Radiographic measures were performed every 12 months for 3 years while clinical measures were made every 6 months for 3 years for each group. Data was examined by student's t-test and paired t-test. Results The mean age of patients was 54 ±3.3 years. No statistically significant difference was observed in MBL between mandibular overdentures supported by 2 platform switched and that supported by 2 platform matched implants (p≥0.05). Also, there were no statistically significant differences in pocket depth or implant mobility between two studied groups after 1, 2 and 3 years follow up (p≥0.05). Conclusions Platform switching appears to not influence marginal bone loss around implants or soft tissue in two implants supported mandibular overdentures.

Development of Oral Care Chip, a novel device for quantitative detection of the oral microbiota associated with periodontal disease.

Periodontal disease, the most prevalent infectious disease in the world, is caused by biofilms formed in periodontal pockets. No specific bacterial species that can cause periodontitis alone has been found in any study to date. Several periodontopathic bacteria are associated with the progress of periodontal disease. Consequently, it is hypothesized that dysbiosis of subgingival microbiota may be a cause of periodontal disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the subgingival microbiota and the clinical status of periodontal pockets in a quantitative and clinically applicable way with the newly developed Oral Care Chip. The Oral Care Chip is a DNA microarray tool with improved quantitative performance, that can be used in combination with competitive PCR to quantitatively detect 17 species of subgingival bacteria. Cluster analysis based on the similarity of each bacterial quantity was performed on 204 subgingival plaque samples collected from periodontitis patients and healthy volunteers. A significant difference in the number of total bacteria, Treponema denticola, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus intermedia bacteria in any combination of the three clusters indicated that these bacteria gradually increased in number from the stage before the pocket depth deepened. Conversely, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, and Streptococcus constellatus, which had significant differences only in limited clusters, were thought to increase in number as the pocket depth deepened, after periodontal pocket formation. Furthermore, in clusters where healthy or mild periodontal disease sites were classified, there was no statistically significant difference in pocket depth, but the number of bacteria gradually increased from the stage before the pocket depth increased. This means that quantitative changes in these bacteria can be a predictor of the progress of periodontal tissue destruction, and this novel microbiological test using the Oral Care Chip could be effective at detecting dysbiosis.

Bar versus Locator attachments for maxillary implant overdentures opposed by implant supported mandibular overdentures. Clinical and radiographic evaluation

Purpose: The aim of this short-term clinical trial was to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes of Bar and Locator attachments used to retain maxillary implant overdentures opposed by implant supported mandibular overdentures. Material and methods: Ten patients wearing conventional maxillary denture and implant supported mandibular overdentures received 4 implants in the maxillary arch using 2 stage surgical approach. Six months later maxillary overdentures were connected to the implants with locator (group 1) or bar (group 2) attachments. Plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth, implant stability, and marginal bone loss (using Cone beam computerized tomography) were evaluated at time of overdenture delivery, 6 months and 12 months later. Results: Plaque and gingival indices increased significantly with time in bar group only. Bar overdentures recorded significant higher plaque and gingival scores than locator overdentures. No significant difference in pocket depth and implant stability was noted between time intervals or groups. Total marginal bone loss for locator group was significantly higher than bar group after 6 and 12 months. For both groups, marginal bone loss around canine implants was significantly higher than bone loss around premolar implantsConclusion: Within the limits of this study, it could be concluded that both locator and bar retained maxillary overdentures are successful treatment options for patients complaining from instability of maxillary dentures opposed by implant retained mandibular denture. However, locator attachments are advantageous in terms of peri-implant soft tissue health and bar attachments are advantageous regarding peri-implant alveolar bone preservation.

Differences in Periodontal Severity Between Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Chronic Periodontitis

Objective: To analyze the differences in periodontal severity between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 63 subjects, comprising 27 perimenopausal and 36 postmenopausal women, aged 45–59 years, was conducted in East Jakarta. The women were interviewed regarding their perimenopausal and postmenopausal status; they underwent a periodontal examination for periodontal pockets, attachment loss, gingival recession, plaque index, debris index, calculus index, oral hygiene index, papilla bleeding index, and tooth mobility. Independent T-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for bivariate analysis. Results: There were significant differences (p 0.05) in gingival recession (p=0.33) or tooth mobility (p=0.84) were observed. Independent t-test revealed no significant differences in pocket depth (p=0.95), attachment loss (p=0.71), plaque index (p=0.89), debris index (p=0.52), calculus index (p=0.46), oral hygiene index (p=0.48), or papilla bleeding index (p=0.63) between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Conclusion: There was no difference in periodontal severity between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women; however, the current study obtained valuable information regarding periodontal severity in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Comparison of the MyoRing implantation depth by mechanical dissection using PocketMaker microkeratome versus Melles\xa0hook via AS-OCT

BackgroundThis paper seeks to evaluate the depth and outcomes of MyoRing implantation using two mechanical dissection procedures including: PocketMaker microkeratome in opposition to the Melles hook method.MethodsThis retrospective study was carried out on 39 eyes of 38 keratoconus patients (28 male and 10 female) with the mean age of 28.97frac{+}{.}10.37 years and had undergone MyoRing implantation by the two mentioned methods. The MyoRing was inserted into the corneal pocket which was made manually in 18 eyes (Melles hook group) or with PocketMaker microkeratome in 21 eyes (PocketMaker group). The mean follow up time was 9.81frac{+}{.}3.7 months with pre-operative and post-operative ophthalmic examination including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), keratometry readings and central corneal thickness measurement. AS-OCT (Casia, SS-1000, Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) imaging was used to measure MyoRing insertion depth, exactly.ResultsPre-operative and post-operative UCVA (LogMAR) mean change for the PocketMaker and Melles hook groups were recorded at 0.75 ± 0.32 and 0.78 ± 0.33, respectively. Similarly, BCVA (LogMAR) mean change were 0.27 ± 0.22 and 0.23 ± 0.22. Mean keratometry (Kmean) change were 6.06 ± 4.18 and 6.56 ± 3.55 respectively. UCVA change (P = 0.767), BCVA change (P = 0.77) and Kmean change (P = 0.693) showed that there was no statistically significant difference between both groups for any parameter. Depth measurements achieved from AS-OCT images showed that there was no statistically significant difference in pocket depth between two methods of MyoRing implantation (P = 0.413).ConclusionsThe results of Myoring implantation outcomes using mechanical dissection via PocketMaker microkeratome as against Melles hook are comparable.

Effect of Platform Switched Implants on Supporting Structures of Mandibular Overdentures

Twenty completely edentulous patients with age ranged between 50 and 60 years were selected for this study. Complete dentures were constructed for all patients. The patients were divided into two groups; ten patients each. The first group was received two platform switched implants (3.6 × 11.5 mm) in the canine regions of the mandible. The second group was received two platform matched implants (3.6 × 11.5 mm) in the canine regions of the mandible according to two stage surgical protocol. Radiographic and clinical evaluations were performed throughout the twelve months follow up. The result of the study revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in marginal bone loss between mandibular overdentures retained by two platform switched implants and that retained by two platform matched implants. Also, there were no statistically significant differences in pocket depth or implant mobility between two studied groups. This study concluded that platform switching didn’t influence marginal bone loss around implants or soft tissue supporting mandibular overdenture dentures.

Comparative Evaluation of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Immediate and Delayed Dental Implant Rehabilitation: A Prospective Study

ABSTRACT Introduction The original implant surgical protocol proposed by Bran Mark et al involves open flap access, stepwise osteotomy of the bony ridge, and implant placement followed by good primary closure. Objectives To compare the radiographic marginal bone loss, pocket depth, clinical outcome associated with immediate and delayed implants, and success rates 2 years after the placement of implants. Materials and methods Totally 62 dental implants were placed in 42 patients. They were randomly selected to the immediate or delayed group. Among those selected, 30 were immediate implants and 32 were delayed implants. The width and depth of marginal bone defects around the implants were measured clinically just after placement and 3 months later at the abutment surgery. Bone healing and marginal bone changes were evaluated radiographically and clinical parameters evaluated were pocket depth, local infection, altered sensation, soft tissue dehiscence, pus discharge, implant mobility, and patient's satisfaction. All the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17 software. Statistical analysis was done using Z test. Results The results revealed that there was a significant difference in pocket depth and crestal bone loss in both groups. Mean pocket depth in immediate group was 3.285 mm and mean pocket depth in delayed group was 3.523 mm at 1 year. There were minimal crestal bone losses in the immediate group as compared with delayed implant group at 1-year follow-up. Also, there were reduced complications, such as local infection, altered sensation, soft tissue dehiscence, and pus discharge in immediate implant placement group and resulted in patient's satisfaction. Conclusion We conclude that the immediate dental implant placement is significantly superior over the delayed implant placement. How to cite this article Managutti AM, Tongya R, Prakasm M, Manvi S, Patel J, Shah D, Managutti S. Comparative Evaluation of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Immediate and Delayed Dental Implant Rehabilitation: A Prospective Study. Int J Oral Implantol Clin Res 2017;8(1):12-16.

The Detection of BANA Hydrolysis Activity in Abutment Teeth in Patients with Removable Partial Denture

ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of this study was to detect the presence of N-benzyl-Dl-arginase-2-naphthalamide (BANA) micro- organisms in chronic periodontitis of abutment teeth in subjects wearing removable partial dentures (RPDs) by measuring the red complex using BANA-ZymeTM test. Materials and methods Twenty-five subjects (mean age: 59.3 years) with Kennedy class II partially edentulous arch participated in this study. The microbiological record of red complex was done by BANA-Zyme kit and clinical parameters, such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and probing depth were recorded at abutment teeth in contact with the direct retainer of unilaterally designed RPDs and the corresponding nonabutment teeth on the opposite side. Results Mean scores of BANA for the red complex, PI and GI of the abutment teeth were significantly greater than those of the nonabutment teeth (p < 0.01). No significant mean difference in pocket depth (PD) was found between the abutment and nonabutment teeth. Logistic regression analysis revealed that abutment teeth, high scores of PI and a maintenance interval longer than 6 months were significant predictors for positive red complex scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that the microbiological risk for periodontitis of abutment teeth is greater than that for nonabutment teeth in RPD wearers. How to cite this article Kalaria JP, Patel BG, Patel V, Agrawal C. The Detection of BANA Hydrolysis Activity in Abutment Teeth in Patients with Removable Partial Denture. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2015;5(2):31-37

Academic Stress Influences Periodontal Health Condition and Interleukin-1 beta Level

Stress is a risk factor for periodontal disease, causing increase levels of interleukin-1 beta that involve in periodontal destruction. Objective: To analyze the relationship between academic stress in residency program students conditions and levels of interleukin-1 beta in gingival crevicular fluid. Methods: Thirty eight subjects filled the questionnaire of Graduate Dental Environtmental Stress (GDES), periodontal examination and samples of gingival crevicular fluid were tested for interleukin-1 beta with the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test. Results: There were significant differences between academic stress to periodontal tissue in oral hygiene (p=0.038), bleeding on probing index (p=0.02), but no significant differences in pocket depth and loss of attachment (p=0.972). There were significant differences between academic stress to levels of interleukin-1 beta (p=0.03), but no significant differences between levels of interleukin-1 beta to periodontal tissue in oral hygiene (p=0.465), bleeding on probing index (p=0.826), pocket depth (p=0.968), and loss of attachment (p=0.968). Conclusion: Academic stress influences the periodontal risk factor and level of interleukin-1 beta.

Comparison of the influence of two flap designs on periodontal healing after surgical extraction of impacted third molars.

Background and aims Impacted lower third molar is found in 90% of the general population. Impacted lower third molar surgery may result in periodontal complications on the distal surface of the adjacent second molar. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of flap design on the periodontal status of the second molar after lower third molar surgery. Materials and methods Twenty patients, with an age range of 18-26 years, participated in the present study. The inclusion criteria consisted of the presence of bilateral symmetrical impacted third molars on panoramic radiographs. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The impactions on the left and right sides were operated by Szmyd and triangular flaps, respectively. Postoperative management and medications were similar for both groups. The subjects were evaluated at two-week, one-month, and six-month postoperative intervals by a surgeon who was blind to the results. Data was analyzed by t-test using SPSS 11 software. Results There were no significant differences in clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, bone level, plaque index, and free gingival margin between the two flaps (p>0.05). Conclusion The results of the present study did not show any differences in pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bone level and FGM (free gingival margin) between the two flap designs under study.

Microbiological risk for periodontitis of abutment teeth in patients with removable partial dentures

Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola are identified as the red complex which exists in high proportions in periodontally diseased patients. The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological risk for periodontitis of abutment teeth in subjects wearing removable partial dentures (RPDs) by measuring the red complex using BANA-ZymeTM test. Thirty-eight subjects (mean age: 62.2 years) with Kennedy Class II partially edentulous arch participated in this study. The red complex and clinical parameters, such as plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and tooth mobility were recorded at abutment teeth in contact with the direct retainer of unilaterally designed RPDs and the corresponding non-abutment teeth on the opposite side. Mean scores for the red complex, plaque index, gingival index and tooth mobility of the abutment teeth were significantly greater than those of the non-abutment teeth (P < 0.01). No significant mean difference in pocket depth was found between the abutment and non-abutment teeth. Logistic regression analysis revealed that abutment teeth, high scores of plaque index and a maintenance interval longer than 6 months were significant predictors for positive red complex scores (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the microbiological risk for periodontitis of abutment teeth is greater than that for non-abutment teeth in RPD wearers.

Comparison of Systemic Flurithromycin Therapy and Clinical Procedures in the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate, in 20 periodontal patients, the microbial and clinical effects of flurithromycin therapy plus scaling and root planning (SRP) in comparison with SRP alone. Clinical assessments of plaque, bleeding on probing and pocket depth were made prior to SRP alone and SRP plus flurithromycin therapy (375 mg twice daily for 5 days) and after both treatments. Subgingival plaque samples (n. 180) were taken prior to and after both treatments and analyzed by conventional bacteriological procedures. Differences in pocket depth and prevalence of bacterial species were analyzed pre- and post-therapies using statistical analyses. A significant decrease (p<0.001) was seen for pocket depth post SRP alone and post SRP plus flurithromycin. After two treatments, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus and Prevotella melaninogenica were eradicated from all tested sites. If we compare the preva-lence of the species isolated after SRP alone and after SRP plus flurithromycin sta-tistically significant differences were detected for P. gingivalis and for Fusobacterium nucleatum (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively).Flurithromycin can be considered a useful adjunct to mechanical periodontal treatment since it is more efficient in eliminating periodontal pathogens.

Periodontal and pulpal condition of the central incisors after midline osteotomy of the maxilla

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the periodontal and pulpal condition of the central incisors after Le Fort I and midline osteotomies for transverse expansion of the maxilla. Patients and Methods: The series included 12 women and eight men, with an average age at operation of 28.4 years (range, 17 to 48 years). Each patient, examined retrospectively, underwent transverse expansion of the maxilla by combined Le Fort I and midline osteotomies. The minimum follow-up was 12 months (range, 12 to 85 months, with an average of 38 months). The central incisors were tested for percussion sound, mobility, and pulpal response to electric stimulation, and then compared with the lateral incisors. The pocket depths and the height of the alveolar bone were measured, and the root surface was evaluated for resorption on radiographs. Results: Percussion and mobility tests indicated normal values for all teeth. Four (11%) of the central incisors did not respond to electrical stimulation. There was no difference in pocket depth between the mesial and distal sulci of the central incisors. In one tooth, resorption was detectable on the medial surface of the root. Minor root surface injury was seen in two roots, although these injuries were not progressive. The alveolar bone level of the central incisors was located slightly more superiorly on the mesial than on the distal side. Conclusions: Although there may be some minor complications to the periodontal and pulpal tissues after combined Le Fort I and midline osteotomies, the harmful effects seem to be of negligible clinical significance.

Ｌｏｃａｌ Ｄｒｕｇ Ｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍの歯周治療への応用 Ｖ 根分岐部病変に対するＴＣフィルム局所投与後の治療効果について

Two molars having furcation grade II involvements were selected from each of six patients with periodontal diseases. One molar received a local application of tetracycline immobilized cross-liked collagen film four times at one-week intervals (TC film-treated group) and the other received no treatment (non-treated group). The clinical and microbiological effects were, as follows, 1. Throughout the experimental period, no significant differences in pocket depth, attachment level, bleeding on pocket probing, periotron unit, gingival index and plaque index were noted between the TC film-treated group and the non-treated group. 2. One week after TC-film application, the treated group showed significant decreases in the density of microorganisms and the proportion of spirochetes compared with the non-treated group. The results revealed the insufficient effectiveness of the local application of TC film by itself for the treatment of teeth having furcation grade II involvements.

Short-term effects of initial, nonsurgical periodontal treatment (hygienic phase).

Longitudinal studies have reported the effect of various modalities of periodontal surgery on pocket depth and attachment levels related to pretreatment measurements. However, possible changes in these measurements as a result of scaling, oral hygiene improvements and occlusal adjustment during the hygienic phase were not considered. The purpose of the present study was to examine the short-term effect of treatment of the hygienic phase in 90 patients with some pockets extending 4 mm or more apically to the CEJ. Pretreatment pocket depths and attachment levels related to the CEJ were measured by a thin probe in five sites at all 2,355 teeth in the sample. Scaling, root planing, instruction in oral hygiene and occlusal adjustment were completed during four to six sessions for each patient. Four weeks after completion of the hygienic phase, all variables were recorded. Mean measurements for pocket depths 1-3 mm, 4-6 mm, and greater than or equal to 7 mm prior to treatment were compared to their posttreatment scores. Pocket depth decreased significantly for pockets extending 4 mm or more apically to the FGM. For pockets 4-6 mm there was a mean difference in pocket depth of 0.96 +/- 0.47 mm (P < .0001) between pretreatment and posttreatment observations. For pockets 7 mm or greater the mean difference was 2.22 +/- 1.35 mm (P < .0001). Reduction in depth of pocket and improvement in attachment levels were related to the initial level of severity. Pocket reduction was in part due to the improvement in attachment levels. This study has demonstrated that the clinical severity of periodontitis is reduced significantly 1 month following the hygienic phase of periodontal therapy, and that need for surgical pocket treatment cannot be assessed properly until completion of the hygienic phase of treatment.