Differences In Peak Oxygen Uptake Research Articles

A Comparison of Laboratory-Based Kayak Testing Protocols

To compare the differences in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and lactate threshold (LT2) between the 7 × 4-min incremental step test (7-ST) and the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) test protocols in sprint kayak athletes. Nine highly trained kayak athletes performed the 2 laboratory test protocols. The 7-ST involved six 4-min submaximal incremental stages, each separated by a 1-min recovery, before a 4-min all-out effort. The MAOD test involved four 4-min submaximal incremental stages (also with each stage separated by a 1-min recovery), followed by 20-min recovery and a 4-min all-out effort. No statistically significant differences in VO2peak were recorded between the 2 protocols (P > .05). However, distance covered, power output, stroke rate, and speed were almost certainly greater in the MAOD test (magnitude-based inference: 99-100% positive), while blood lactate (BLa), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were likely lower (magnitude-based inference: 78-92% negative). The derived measures of LT2 (excluding HR) were not different between the 2 protocols. The results of this study suggest that both the 7-ST and MAOD test protocols are comparable with regard to the measurement of VO2peak and LT2 in highly trained sprint kayak athletes. However, since differences in the measures of distance traveled, power, stroke rate, HR, BLa, and RPE were reported in the maximal stage of the these 2 test protocols, their interchangeable use in a laboratory setting is not ideal if the data output is to be compared and contrasted over time.

Tai Chi Exercises Benefit Even Oldest Adults

Tai Chi Exercises Benefit Even Oldest Adults

Large differences in peak oxygen uptake do not independently alter changes in core temperature and sweating during exercise

The independent influence of peak oxygen uptake (Vo(₂ peak)) on changes in thermoregulatory responses during exercise in a neutral climate has not been previously isolated because of complex interactions between Vo(₂ peak), metabolic heat production (H(prod)), body mass, and body surface area (BSA). It was hypothesized that Vo(₂ peak) does not independently alter changes in core temperature and sweating during exercise. Fourteen males, 7 high (HI) Vo(₂ peak): 60.1 ± 4.5 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹; 7 low (LO) Vo(₂ peak): 40.3 ± 2.9 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ matched for body mass (HI: 78.2 ± 6.1 kg; LO: 78.7 ± 7.1 kg) and BSA (HI: 1.97 ± 0.08 m²; LO: 1.94 ± 0.08 m²), cycled for 60-min at 1) a fixed heat production (FHP trial) and 2) a relative exercise intensity of 60% Vo(₂ peak) (REL trial) at 24.8 ± 0.6°C, 26 ± 10% RH. In the FHP trial, H(prod) was similar between the HI (542 ± 38 W, 7.0 ± 0.6 W/kg or 275 ± 25 W/m²) and LO (535 ± 39 W, 6.9 ± 0.9 W/kg or 277 ± 29 W/m²) groups, while changes in rectal (T(re): HI: 0.87 ± 0.15°C, LO: 0.87 ± 0.18°C, P = 1.00) and aural canal (T(au): HI: 0.70 ± 0.12°C, LO: 0.74 ± 0.21°C, P = 0.65) temperature, whole-body sweat loss (WBSL) (HI: 434 ± 80 ml, LO: 440 ± 41 ml; P = 0.86), and steady-state local sweating (LSR(back)) (P = 0.40) were all similar despite relative exercise intensity being different (HI: 39.7 ± 4.2%, LO: 57.6 ± 8.0% Vo(2 peak); P = 0.001). At 60% Vo(2 peak), H(prod) was greater in the HI (834 ± 77 W, 10.7 ± 1.3 W/kg or 423 ± 44 W/m²) compared with LO (600 ± 90 W, 7.7 ± 1.4 W/kg or 310 ± 50 W/m²) group (all P < 0.001), as were changes in T(re) (HI: 1.43 ± 0.28°C, LO: 0.89 ± 0.19°C; P = 0.001) and T(au) (HI: 1.11 ± 0.21°C, LO: 0.66 ± 0.14°C; P < 0.001), and WBSL between 0 and 15, 15 and 30, 30 and 45, and 45 and 60 min (all P < 0.01), and LSR(back) (P = 0.02). The absolute esophageal temperature (T(es)) onset for sudomotor activity was ∼0.3°C lower (P < 0.05) in the HI group, but the change in T(es) from preexercise values before sweating onset was similar between groups. Sudomotor thermosensitivity during exercise were similar in both FHP (P = 0.22) and REL (P = 0.77) trials. In conclusion, changes in core temperature and sweating during exercise in a neutral climate are determined by H(prod), mass, and BSA, not Vo(₂ peak).

Peak aerobic power and paddling efficiency in recreational and competitive junior male surfers

The purpose of the present study was to measure and compare peak oxygen uptake and paddling efficiency in recreational and competitive junior male surfers. Eight male recreational surfers (mean age 18 years, s=2; mass 66.8 kg, s=13.0; height 1.75 m, s=0.10) and eight male competitive surfers (mean age 18 years, s=1; mass 68.0 kg, s=11.7; height 1.72 m, s=0.10) performed an incremental paddling test consisting of four 3-min constant load work stages followed by a ramp increase in power output of 20 W · 30 s−1 until exhaustion. The oxygen uptake–power output relationship of the four constant load work stages and peak values obtained during the incremental paddling test were used to calculate paddling efficiency. No differences (P>0.05) were observed between the recreational and competitive surfers for peak oxygen uptake (recreational: 2.52 litres · min−1, s=0.5; competitive: 2.66 litres · min−1, s=0.35) or efficiency (recreational: 24%, s=3; competitive: 21%, s=4). Blood lactate concentration was significantly greater in recreational (2.4 mmol · l−1, s=0.9) than competitive surfers (1.6 mmol · l−1, s=0.5) during submaximal paddling. There were no differences in peak oxygen uptake or paddling efficiency between recreational and competitive surfers suggesting that peak oxygen uptake and efficiency are not sensitive to differences in surfing ability. The increase in blood lactate concentration during submaximal paddling in recreational compared with competitive surfers suggests that other determinants of paddling endurance, such as blood lactate threshold, might be better at distinguishing surfers of differing ability.

Sex difference in peak oxygen uptake in prepubertal children

Prepubertal boys’ greater aerobic fitness (peak V ˙ ⁡ O 2 ) has been attributed to their larger lean body mass (LBM); this bestowing a greater heart size and consequent larger maximum cardiac output. No difference in peak arterio-venous (A-VO 2) difference is thought to exist. However other work indicates that boys’ aerobic fitness remains 5% higher even after controlling for differences in LBM. Consequently the purpose of this study was to investigate whether peak V ˙ ⁡ O 2 , heart size, peak cardiac output and peak A-VO 2 difference would be comparable between a group of boys and girls with a similar LBM. A group of 9 prepubertal boys and 9 prepubertal girls with a similar mean LBM (27.0 ± 1.4 boys vs. 27.0 ± 2.0 kg girls) were selected. Left ventricular mass (LVM) and end diastolic volume (LVEDV) were measured using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Peak V ˙ ⁡ O 2 was determined on a cycle ergometer following an incremental exercise protocol to exhaustion, and cardiac output was recorded using thoracic bioimpedance. Boys’ peak V ˙ ⁡ O 2 (1.41 ± 0.18 L min −1 vs. 1.23 ± 0.08 L min −1) and A-VO 2 difference (14.8 ± 2.1 mL 100 mL −1 vs. 12.6 ± 1.6 mL 100 mL −1) were significantly ( p < 0.05) higher than girls’ values, but there were no significant sex differences in peak cardiac output (10.0 ± 1.4 L min −1 vs. 9.9 ± 1.40 L min −1), LVM (97 ± 13 g vs. 93 ± 20 g) or LVEDV (77 ± 8 mL vs. 70 ± 13 mL). Central factors of heart size and peak cardiac output are proportional to the LBM of the individual and sex independent. Sex differences in peripheral factors such as muscle fibre type profile, may affect A-VO 2 difference and underlie prepubertal boys’ higher peak V ˙ O 2 .

Relationship between field walking tests and incremental cycle ergometry in COPD

Cycle ergometer training is an important component of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD. However, incremental cycle tests from which individualized cycle training intensity can be prescribed may not be readily available to clinicians. The aims of the study were to (i) investigate the physiological and psychophysical responses to the 6-min walk test (6MWT), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and cycle ergometer test (CET); and (ii) determine whether the distance walked in either the 6MWT or the ISWT could be used to estimate peak work rate on a cycle ergometer. A repeated measures study was undertaken in COPD patients in a stable condition. The 6MWT, ISWT and CET were performed in random order, and physiological responses, rate of perceived exertion and dyspnoea were measured. Twenty-two patients with COPD completed the study. There was no significant difference in peak oxygen uptake between the 6MWT, ISWT and CET. The significant correlation between the 6MWD and incremental shuttle walk distance with peak watts on the CET (r = 0.63, P = 0.002 and r = 0.75, P < 0.001, respectively) was strengthened by the inclusion of weight, age and gender (r = 0.89 P = 0.001 and r = 0.91, P < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a strong agreement between peak work rate measured on the CET and that estimated from either the 6MWT or the ISWT. The significant relationships found between the three exercise tests, and the regression equations predicting peak work rate on the CET from the 6MWT or the ISWT, may allow for the estimation of intensity of cycle exercise training from walk tests in COPD patients.

Reliability and validity of a new double poling ergometer for cross-country skiers

Thirty-eight competitive cross-country skiers were divided into three groups to assess the reliability and validity of a new double poling ergometer. Group A (n = 22) performed two maximal 60-s tests, Group B (n = 8) repeated peak oxygen uptake tests on the double poling ergometer, and Group C (n = 8) performed a maximal 6-min test on the double poling ergometer and a double poling time-trial on snow. The correlation between the power calculated at the flywheel and the power applied at the base of the poles was r = 0.99 (P < 0.05). The power at the poles was 50 – 70% higher than that at the flywheel. There was a high test – retest reliability in the two 60-s power output tests (coefficient of variation = 3.0%) and no significant difference in peak oxygen uptake in the two 6-min all-out tests (coefficient of variation = 2.4%). There was a strong correlation between the absolute (W) and relative power (W · kg−1) output in the 6-min double poling ergometer test and the double poling performance on snow (r = 0.86 and 0.89 respectively; both P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results show that the double poling ergometer has both high reliability and validity. However, the power calculated at the flywheel underestimated the total power produced and needs to be corrected for in ergonomic estimations.

Comparison of Late Post-Operative Cardiopulmonary Responses in the Fontan Versus Ventricular Septation for Double-Inlet Left Ventricular Repair

Ventricular septation (VS) and the Fontan procedure are alternatives for definitive repair in patients with double-inlet left ventricle; although VS is theoretically preferable, the current preference in practice is the Fontan procedure. However, the long-term outcomes of both procedures remain unclear. To address this issue, cardiopulmonary responses during exercise were measured in patients with double-inlet left ventricle, and the impact of the type of procedure performed, Fontan or VS, on long-term exercise capacity and late postoperative clinical profiles was assessed. Fourteen post-Fontan patients (mean age 17+/-6 years) and 13 VS patients (mean age 19+/-4 years) underwent exercise testing. Of the 13 VS patients, 5 required atrioventricular valve replacement (AVVR), and 7 required pacemaker implantation. Although no difference in peak oxygen uptake was found between the VS and Fontan patients, peak oxygen uptake was higher in VS patients without AVVR (30+/-8 ml/kg/min) than in VS patients with AVVR (19+/-1 ml/kg/min) and Fontan patients (22+/-6 ml/kg/min) (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in peak oxygen uptake between the VS patients with and without pacemaker implantation (p=0.09). The clinical profiles of the VS and Fontan patients were similar in terms of medication and freedom from tachyarrhythmias or reoperations during the follow-up period. In conclusion, the data suggest that VS without AVVR provides excellent future exercise capacity in selected patients with double-inlet left ventricle.

Relationship Between Fitness, Insulin Resistance, and Vascular Reactivity to Mental Challenge in Young Females

Previous research has shown that obese individuals possess blunted limb blood flow response (LBFR) to mental challenge. However, if reduced forearm LBFR is also present in non-obese women possessing insulin resistance (IR) is undetermined. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between insulin resistance and LBFR in IR (n=7) and normal insulin resistance (IN) women (n=11). METHODS: Subjects (22±0.9 yr) had peak oxygen uptake, body composition (DEXA), blood lipids, and diet assessed. Insulin resistance (HOMA) and cardiovascular response (cardiac output, blood pressure) to a 5-min Stroop mental challenge were also measured on separate occasions. LBFR was assessed using occlusion plethysmography, blood pressure through a Finapres, and cardiac measures by impedance cardiography. RESULTS: No significant differences in peak oxygen uptake, body composition, blood lipids, and diet existed between the IR and IN groups. Also both groups demonstrated similar cardiac output and blood pressure response to Stroop. In contrast, IR women (−0.03±0.3 ml. 100 ml tissue−1 min−1) had significantly (p < 0.05) lower LBFR (change from baseline to Stroop) compared to IN women (1.3±0.2 ml. 100 ml tissue 1.min−1). CoNCLUsIoNs: Despite similar peak oxygen uptake, body composition, and blood lipids, young adult females who were insulin resistant possessed significantly reduced LBFR to mental challenge compared to normal insulin resistant young women.

Do Differences in Peak Oxygen Uptake in Men and Women Explain Recovery from Intermittent Exercise?

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of the study was to examine if differences in peak oxygen uptake between men and women explain their recovery from maximal effort intermittent exercise. 24 men (25.3±2.7yrs; 1.75±0.06m; 69.3±8.9kg) and 24 women (23.2±2.2yrs; 1.63±0.06m; 53.5±7.6kg) participated in the study. On separate occasions, participants completed a peak oxygen uptake (peak V02) treadmill test and five 20s cycle sprints, which were separated by a 45s recovery interval. Peak V02, PP and MP in the repeated sprints and blood lactate measurements were taken. Results showed that men had higher peak V02 than women (53.2±8.7 vs. 42.8±6.8 ml/kg BM/min, p

Cardiorespiratory responses during cycle ergometer exercise with different ramp slope increments in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The ramp exercise test has been widely used to evaluate cardiopulmonary responses to an incremental exercise load. This study was performed to clarify whether different slopes of the ramp exercise test influence exercise tolerance, exercise limiting factors, and respiratory pattern in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We applied three different slopes (5 W/min, 10 W/min and 20 W/min) of the ramp exercise test in 9 patients with COPD and evaluated cardiopulmonary responses. There were no significant differences in peak oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold (AT), minute ventilation, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, expired tidal volume, or respiratory rate at the maximal load among the three different ramp exercises tested. AT could be determined in six of nine patients (67%) at the slope of 5 W/min, in 8/9 (89%) at the slope of 10 W/min, and in 9/9 (100%) at the slope of 20 W/min. The findings suggest that the ramp slope does not affect exercise tolerance, exercise limiting factors, or respiratory patterns and each of these ramp slopes is useful for the evaluation of COPD. Ramp slopes of 10 W/ min or 20 W/min should be appropriate for the determination of AT.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF A TREADMILL TEST PROTOCOL FOR PERSONS WITH PVD

1210 The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of a treadmill test (TMT) developed to assess exercise tolerance in persons with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The new TMT was designed to be sensitive to small improvements in the exercise capacity of severely impaired individuals who were making slow but steady progress in an exercise program. Exercise began at 0% grade and 1.8 mph. Grade was increased 0.5% every 30s and speed 0.2 mph every 3 min after the first 6 min. Metabolic requirement increased by ∼ one MET every 3 min. Subjects were elderly (n=39, age=65±7 yr), moderately obese (BMI=30±5), primarily male (97%) with intermittent claudication (IC, ankle-brachial index=0.67±0.24). All subjects repeated TMTs one week apart. Differences in peak oxygen uptake and duration between tests were not significant (P>0.05). Test-retest reliability was determined via the strength of the correlation between repeated measures of oxygen uptake (r=0.91, P<0.001) and exercise duration (r=0.94, P<0.001). Concurrent validity was evaluated by correlating exercise duration on the new TMT with duration on a submaximal constant work rate TMT (r=0.73, P<0.001) and perception of walking speed (r=0.55, P=0.001) and distance (r=0.52, P=0.002) obtained from the Walking Impairment Questionnaire. Thirty-four subjects were randomized into an exercise (E) and non-exercising (NE) group. Predictive validity was demonstrated when, after 4 weeks of training, the E group significantly increased their walking time on the new TMT (P<0.001) and the NE group did not. The TMT is a valid and reliable measure of exercise tolerance in persons with IC. Supported by Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehab R&D Service

Cardiorespiratory response during exercise in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease with and without a Fontan operation and in patients with congestive heart failure

To clarify the different cardiorespiratory response to exercise in patients with congenital heart disease and patients with chronic congestive heart failure, we investigated the effect of a progressive exercise test in 30 patients aged 10 to 24 years, including 9 patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (group A), 13 patients who had undergone a Fontan operation (group B), and 8 patients with reduced left ventricular function (group C), and 18 healthy controls (group D). There was no difference in peak oxygen uptake among patient groups and all group A, B, and C values were lower than those in group D ( P<0.001). Although peak heart rate was lower in patient groups than in group D, heart rate at a given exercise intensity was highest in group C. The oxygen pulse (oxygen uptake divided by heart rate=stroke volume×arterial venous oxygen difference), as an indicator of stroke volume, was lower in patients groups, especially in group C, than in group D. There was no difference in tidal volume between groups A and D, but the respiratory rates at any given exercise intensity were higher in group A than in the other patient groups, thus minute ventilation and the ventilatory equivalent were highest in group A. The increased respiratory rate and low tidal volume in group C resulted in rapid and shallow respiration. There was no difference in exertional symptoms at peak exercise among the groups. In addition to impaired responses of stroke volume during exercise in patients with reduced exercise capacity, there was little limitation of increase in ventilation in group B and excessive ventilation in group A. The present results suggest that relationship between ventilatory and cardiac responses during exercise in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease with and without a Fontan operation is different from the relationship in patients with chronic congestive heart failure; however, these pathological differences did not influence exertional symptoms.

Peripheral muscle training in patients with clinical signs of heart failure

The aim of the study was to evaluate, in a controlled setting, the effects of a 5-month dynamic peripheral training programme in patients with clinical signs of congestive heart failure with special reference to their anaerobic threshold, muscle function, heart rate variability and quality of life. Twenty-four randomized patients with clinical signs of heart failure in NYHA II-III entered the study. Training resulted in a significant (p = 0.01) change in the anaerobic threshold, the patients' ability to lift weights (p = 0.01) and performance of heel-lift (p = 0.01). The heart rate recorded during the training exercises decreased significantly (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in peak oxygen uptake, isokinetic and isometric strength, HRV and quality of life except for three items in the control group. The results of this study indicate that peripheral training is beneficial for patients with clinical signs of congestive heart failure.

Acute Unloading of the Work of Breathing Extends Exercise Duration in Patients With Heart Failure

Objectives. This study investigated whether maximal exercise performance can be improved by acutely decreasing the work of breathing in these patients.Background. Exertional dyspnea is a frequent limiting symptom in patients with heart failure. It may result from increased work of breathing.Methods. Fifteen patients with heart failure and nine age-matched normal subjects underwent two maximal exercise tests. Subjects exercised twice in randomized, single-blind manner using room air (RA) and a 79% helium/21% oxygen mixture (He). Respiratory gas analysis, Borg scale recordings of perceived dyspnea and near infrared spectroscopy of an accessory respiratory muscle were obtained during exercise.Results. In normal subjects there was no significant difference in peak oxygen uptake (Vo2) ([mean ± SD] RA 38 ± 8 vs. He 35 ± 7 ml/kg per min), exercise duration (RA 724 ± 163 vs. He 762 ± 123 s) or peak minute ventilation (RA 97 ± 27 vs. He 97 ± 28 liters/min, all p = NS). Only three of nine control subjects thought that exercise with the He mixture was subjectively easier. In contrast, patients with heart failure exercised an average of 146 s longer with the He mixture (RA 868 ± 293 vs. He 1,014 ± 338, p < 0.01). Peak Vo2(RA 19 ± 4 vs. He 18 ± 5 ml/kg per min) and peak minute ventilation (RA 53 ± 12 vs. He 53 ± 15 liters/min) were unchanged (both p = NS). The respiratory quotient at peak exercise was lower with the He mixture (RA 1.05 ± 0.08 vs. He 0.98 ± 0.06, p < 0.05). Thirteen of the 15 patients thought that exercise with the He mixture was subjectively easier (p < 0.02 vs. control group).Conclusions. In patients with heart failure, pulmonary factors, including respiratory muscle work and airflow turbulence, contribute to limiting exercise performance. Therapeutic interventions aimed at attenuating work of breathing may be beneficial.(J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:590–6)

Is the gender difference in peak $$\dot V_{O_2 }$$ greater for arm than leg exercise?

Based on observations that the difference between men and women in estimates of arm musculature is greater than the difference in leg musculature, it was hypothesized that the gender difference in peak oxygen uptake (VO2; l.min-1) would be greater for arm exercise than leg exercise. To test this hypothesis, 19 (10 men, 9 women) highly trained swimmers (HT) and 20 (10 men, 10 women) untrained students (UT) were tested for peak VO2 on cycle and arm-crank ergometers. Arm and leg fat-free volumes (FFV) were measured to provide an estimate of muscle distribution. No gender difference was observed in either the arm-to-leg peak VO2 ratio (0.699 for the men vs 0.696 for the women) or in the arm-to-leg FFV ratio (0.410 for the men vs 0.402 for the women). Although the proportion of musculature in the arms as assessed by the FFV appeared to be the same in men and women, the similarity in muscle distribution was probably not responsible for the identical average arm-to-leg peak VO2 ratios. The variance in the muscle distribution accounted for only 2-4% of the variance in the arm-to-leg peak VO2 differences within individuals. We conclude that factors other than arm and leg muscle dimensions account for the variability in the arm-to-leg peak VO2 ratio and that the gender difference in peak VO2 is the same for arm and leg exercise.

Effect of individual variation on upper limit of prescriptive zone of climates.

ArticleEffect of individual variation on upper limit of prescriptive zone of climates.A R LindA R LindPublished Online:01 Jan 1970https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1970.28.1.57MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByAdverse heat‐health outcomes and critical environmental limits (Pennsylvania State University Human Environmental Age Thresholds project)20 September 2022 | American Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 35, No. 1Group Outcomes for Time-Weighted Averaging in WBGT-Based Heat Stress Exposure Assessment1 December 2022 | Annals of Work Exposures and Health, Vol. 38Heat exposure limits for young unacclimatized males and females at low and high humidity7 June 2022 | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol. 19, No. 7Heat tolerance and the validity of occupational heat exposure limits in women during moderate-intensity workApplied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Vol. 47, No. 7Do one-hour exposures provide a valid assessment of physiological heat strain?10 March 2022 | Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Vol. 76, No. 2History of Thermal Comfort Standards1 January 2023Occupational Strain of Grinders in Foundry14 May 2022An Extensive Collection of Evaluation Indicators to Assess Occupants’ Health and Comfort in Indoor Environment12 January 2020 | Atmosphere, Vol. 11, No. 1Occupational heat stress management: Does one size fit all?21 February 2019 | American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 62, No. 12Benchmarking Heat Index as an occupational exposure limit for heat stress24 June 2019 | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol. 16, No. 8Are All Heat Loads Created Equal?Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 49, No. 9Ability to Discriminate Between Sustainable and Unsustainable Heat Stress Exposures—Part 1: WBGT Exposure Limits8 June 2017 | Annals of Work Exposures and Health, Vol. 61, No. 6Ability to Discriminate Between Sustainable and Unsustainable Heat Stress Exposures—Part 28 June 2017 | Annals of Work Exposures and Health, Vol. 61, No. 6Biophysical aspects of human thermoregulation during heat stressAutonomic Neuroscience, Vol. 196Thermal Indices and Thermophysiological Modeling for Heat Stress15 December 2015Explained variance in the thermoregulatory responses to exercise: the independent roles of biophysical and fitness/fatness-related factorsMatthew N. Cramer and Ollie Jay1 November 2015 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 119, No. 9References10 September 2015Selecting the correct exercise intensity for unbiased comparisons of thermoregulatory responses between groups of different mass and surface areaMatthew N. Cramer, and Ollie Jay1 May 2014 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 116, No. 9Occupational Heat Stress9 May 2012Large differences in peak oxygen uptake do not independently alter changes in core temperature and sweating during exerciseOllie Jay, Anthony R. Bain, Tomasz M. Deren, Matthew Sacheli, and Matthew N. Cramer1 September 2011 | American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol. 301, No. 3A Comparison of Physiological Strain of Carriers in Underground Manual Coal Mines in India19 July 2013 | International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Vol. 14, No. 3Thermal Comfort and the Heat Stress IndicesIndustrial Health, Vol. 44, No. 3Regulation and Heat Tolerance by Men in Heat Before and After Head-Down Tile11 July 2005Cardiovascular Adjustments to Isometric Contractions: Static Effort1 January 2011Voluntary March Rate as a Measure of Work Output in the Heat25 April 2007 | Ergonomics, Vol. 21, No. 6Human Tolerance to Hot Climates1 January 2011 More from this issue > Volume 28Issue 1January 1970Pages 57-62 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1970.28.1.57PubMed5409790History Published online 1 January 1970 Published in print 1 January 1970 Metrics