Differences In Occupational Stress Research Articles

Effect of the Occupational Stress and Psychological Problems of Special Post Teachers in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province

The investigation of the current status of occupational stress and psychological problems among special post-teachers in Zunyi City is crucial. This study provides insights into improving their working environment and promoting their well-being. This study aimed to 1) assess the level of occupational stress among teachers in special post teachers in Zunyi City, 2) study the status of psychological problems among teachers in special post teachers in Zunyi City, and 3) analyze the influence of occupational stress on psychological problems. This study used questionnaire surveys and interviews. A total of 324 special post-teachers answered the questionnaires. It served as a valid sample for this study, using the "Special Post Teacher Occupational Stress Questionnaire" as the research tool and supplemented by the "Self-Psychological Harmony Scale" for psychological problems data collection. Statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, independent sample t-test, and multiple regression analysis were employed for data analysis. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between occupational stress and psychological problems among special post-teachers, indicating that higher levels of occupational stress are associated with an increased likelihood of psychological problems. Additionally, notable differences in occupational stress and psychological problems were observed among special post teachers from different backgrounds. This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between occupational stress and psychological problems among special post-teachers, offering important implications for improving their work environment, reducing occupational stress, and promoting mental health.

A Study on Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in Mental Health Professionals and the Psychosocial Factors Affecting This

Introductionhe present study investigates irritable bowel syndrome in mental health professionals and the characteristics of psychosocial factors that affect this.ObjectivesMethodsThe present study selected an irritable bowel syndrome group among 291 mental health professionals based on the Rome III criteria, and investigated demographic variables. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), Psychosocial Well-being Index (PWI), and Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) were used to evaluate psychosocial factors. An independent t-test and chi-square test were used to determine differences between the groups, and a logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) of IBS based on occupational stress. SPSS 21.0 (IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 21.0) was utilized for all statistics.ResultsDifferences in demographic variables based on IBS group were not statistically significant. Depressive symptoms (t = -4.767, p<0.001) and anxiety (t = -4.068, p<0.001) were higher in the IBS group, and psychosocial well-being was lower (t = 2.288, p<0.05). The OR of IBS based on depressive symptoms was 5.737 (95% CI = 2.24–14.69). There were significant differences in occupational stress based on IBS within the subordinate domains of physical environment (t = -3.160, p<0.01), job demand (t = -3.273, p<0.01), interpersonal conflict (t = -2.295, p<0.05), job security (t = -3.005, p<0.01), and lack of reward (t = -2.046, p<0.05). The OR of IBS based on the subordinate domains of occupational stress was 3.708 (95% CI = 1.20-11.41) in physical environment, and 3.759 (95% CI = 1.33-10.56) in job demand.ConclusionsThe results of the present study verify that psychosocial factors in mental health professionals have a close correlation with IBS. Accordingly, improvements in both IBS symptoms and quality of life should occur through proactive intervention in these variables.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Impact of Occupational Stress on Clinical Performance among Nurses: A Case Study of District Multan

There is an increasing attention to identify the occupational stressors on clinical performance among nurses due to the shortfall of paramedical staff especially nurses to an alarming extent globally. We develop a research framework to examine the impact of occupational stress on nurses’ clinical performance. A cross-sectional research design was used for data collection (n= 251). Data collection was accomplished by conducting a survey as a method. Data were analyzed through SPSS. The results indicate that occupational stress is negatively correlated with clinical performance among nurses. Work demand, work-family conflicts, occupational hazards, and occupational issues have a significant impact on nurses’ clinical performance. Moreover, interpersonal relationships and workplace violence are found to be the insignificant impact on clinical performance. Demographic variables like marital status and computer skills have significant differences in occupational stress and clinical performance. Married nurses have a higher level of occupational stress and lower level clinical performance as compared to unmarried. Nurses with computer skills have low occupational stress and higher clinical performance than those without computer skills. The results of the study have theoretical as well as practical implications, needed to be addressed on a priority basis.

THE IMPACT OF WORKPLACE DEMANDS AND RESOURCES ON THE JOB SATISFACTION OF MINORITY AND IMMIGRANT CNAS

Abstract This study examines the association between occupational stress (job resources and demands) and job satisfaction among nursing assistants (NAs) in the long-term care (LTC) sector, considering differences based on race/ethnicity and immigration status. Data from 2,763 NAs were retrieved from the National Nursing Assistant Survey (NNAS). Guided by the JD-R model, our findings indicate that higher job resources, including organizational support, personal development opportunities, benefits, and peer support, are associated with greater job satisfaction among NAs. Conversely, higher job demands, such as structural, physical, and emotional demands, are linked to lower job satisfaction. Importantly, significant differences in occupational stress were observed based on race/ethnicity and immigration status. Hispanic NAs reported the lowest benefits, Black NAs reported the lowest levels of residents’ respect, and White NAs reported the lowest peer support. Naturalized NAs experienced higher job satisfaction with greater job resources, while resident NAs had lower satisfaction associated with higher job demands. These findings highlight the need for tailored support mechanisms to address disparities in job rewards and recognition among different racial/ethnic and immigration groups.

Effects of environmental and genetic interactions on job burnout in coal miners: interactions between occupational stress, coping styles, and NR3C2 gene polymorphisms.

To investigate the current situation regarding occupational burnout among coal miners, explore the relationship between NR3C2 gene polymorphism and occupational burnout, and analyze the influence of the interaction between environment and gene on occupational burnout. This study provides a scientific basis for formulating health strategies to combat job burnout. A total of 1,500 first-line coal mine workers were selected by cluster random sampling, and the job burnout scale, job content questionnaire (JCQ), and simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ) were used for the questionnaire survey. A total of 150 workers were randomly selected from the high burnout group and the low burnout group, and a total of 300 workers were selected as the research objects to examine the relationship between gene polymorphism, environment-gene interactions and burnout. This study employed iMLDRTM genotyping technology for NR3C2 gene (rs5522, rs2070950) polymorphism analysis. The relationship between the occurrence of job burnout, occupational stress, coping styles and the NR3C2 gene was analyzed. Finally, a total of 1,282 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective recovery rate of 85.5%. The study included 128 participants (10%) with zero burnout, 400 (31.2%) with mild burnout, 649 (50.6%) with moderate burnout and 105 (8.2%) with severe burnout. There were significant differences in the rate of burnout among miners with respect to sex, age, working years, educational level, shifts, and marital status (P < 0.05). The difference in occupational stress between the different job burnout groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the GG genotype of rs2070950 of the NR3C2 gene, the CC genotype was identified as a susceptibility gene for occupational burnout (P < 0.05). In respect to rs5522, rs2070950, occupational stress, positive coping, and negative coping, the low-risk group was unlikely to suffer from job burnout compared with the high-risk group (OR = 0.103, 95%CI: 0.058-0.182). In addition to demographic characteristics, occupational stress and negative coping styles were also identified as risk factors for job burnout. The interaction between locus rs5522, locus rs2070950, occupational stress, positive response, and negative response were found to affect the incidence of occupational burnout.

Effect of Occupational Stress on Academic Staff Productivity of Public Tertiary Educational Institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria

People who work in helping professions that involve interacting with people—especially teachers could be more vulnerable to mental discomfort due to stress. Thus, this study examined the relationship between occupational stress and academic staff productivity in public tertiary educational institutions in Lagos State. Two hypotheses (tested at 0.05 level of significance). With the study’s foundation anchored on Transactional Theory of Stress and Effort-Reward Imbalance Theory (ERI) in which correlational and descriptive research designs were adopted, its population comprised all academic staff in public tertiary educational institutions in Lagos State. The sample size was 700. Questionnaire was used to collect data after ensuring its validity and establishing their reliability using test-retest method. This is the ‘Occupational Stress Questionnaire for Teachers (OSQT) (r = 0.94). In addition, Records observation was used to obtain examination results from the tertiary educational institutions sampled. Analysis was carried out using inferential statistics of Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation Analysis and Regression Analysis by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24.0. Findings indicate that In the same vein, results show that there is no significant difference in occupational stress among academic staff in public tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria based on gender [t (df = 641 ) = 1.888; ρ= 0.059&gt; 0.05]. Also, the study found that there is no significant difference in occupational stress among academic staff in public tertiary educational institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria between Federal and State government institutions [t (df = 641 ) = -0.888; ρ= 0.375&gt; 0.05]. It is concluded that occupational stress has a considerable influence on the lecturers’ productivity in tertiary educational institutions in Lagos State. The study therefore recommended that more academic staff should be employed. Tertiary educational institution managers, including vice-chancellors, Provosts, deans of faculties, and head of departments, should ensure that lecturers are assigned duties in line with their carrying capacities. Keywords: Stress, Occupational stress, Productivity, Academic staff, Public tertiary educational institution DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-11-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2023

Factors Affecting Fatigue among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study identified clinical nurses’ fatigue and related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from South Korean hospitals on 234 nurses’ general characteristics, fatigue, depression, occupational stress, insomnia, and perceived daytime sleepiness using a structured questionnaire. The prevalence of fatigue was 62.0%, depression 52.1%, insomnia 20.7%, and daytime sleepiness 36.1%. Insomnia, sleepiness, depression, and occupational stress were significantly associated with fatigue. Ward nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients within the past month had significantly higher occupational stress related to organizational climate than those who had not provided care, and ICU nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients had significantly higher job insecurity-related occupational stress. Nurses have a high prevalence of fatigue and depression during the pandemic. Thus, insomnia, sleepiness, depression, and occupational stress must be reduced to lower nurses’ fatigue. Caring for COVID-19 patients was not significantly associated with fatigue, but there were significant differences in occupational stress between nurses who provided such care and those who did not. Work environment-specific strategies are needed to reduce nurses’ occupational stress during the pandemic.

Compassion Satisfaction, Occupational Stress, Burnout Syndrome, and Resilience Among Experienced Audiologists.

The aim of the research was to provide insight into compassion satisfaction (CS), resilience, burnout syndrome (BOS), and overall occupational stress levels of experienced audiologists. This study was based on a four-part online questionnaire consisting of the Audiology Occupational Stress Questionnaire, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (Version 5), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, and demographic questions. Fifty-nine audiologists with more than 5 years of experience completed the survey. Clinicians were from New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, the United States, Hong Kong, Israel, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. The findings illustrate that no audiologists experienced high BOS or low CS scores. Positive correlations existed between resilience and CS and between BOS and overall occupational stress. Negative correlations were found between resilience and BOS, BOS and CS, CS and overall occupational stress, and resilience and overall occupational stress. Resilience (p = .015), CS (p < .001), and overall occupational stress (p < .001) were identified as being significant predictors of BOS. The top five occupational stressors for audiologists were reported as being staff shortages, administration duties, paperwork and patient reports, patient or family expectations to fix a client's hearing, and the amount time available with each patient. The differences in occupational stress experienced by private versus public audiologists were minimal, always being below 1 Likert point. Although audiologists do not report high levels of BOS, they report stress in their workplace. As stress was a significant predictor of BOS, audiologists could benefit from interventions aimed at reducing workplace stress.

Occupational Stress and Burnout among Secondary School Teachers in Sokoto Metropolis – Nigeria: How Does Coping Strategies Matter?

This study investigated occupational stress and burnout among senior secondary school teachers in Sokoto metropolis and their coping strategies. The population of the study consisted of all public senior secondary school Teachers in Sokoto metropolis, totaling (1, 216). One hundred and ninety-six (196) respondents were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan table of determining sampling size from eight (8) secondary schools. Descriptive design was used for the study. Three adopted instruments titled; Teacher Stress Scale by Liman (2016) to measure teachers’ stress, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Survey (MBI-ES) by Maslach, Jackson and Schwab (1986) to measure teachers’ burnout, the Cope Inventory by Carver, Sheier and Weintraub (1989) to measure teachers’ coping strategies, were used to collect data for this research. Three hypotheses were tested and t-test was used for data analysis. The findings of the study shows that there is significance difference in occupational stress of male and female senior secondary school teachers in Sokoto metropolis but, there is no significant difference in burnout and coping strategies of male and female senior secondary school teachers in Sokoto metropolis. Conclusively, the findings of this research study shows that male teachers experience more stress than female teachers. The stress experienced by secondary school teachers can lead to reduced productivity and burnout. Nonetheless, stress coping strategies should be inaugurated to assist teachers reduced their stress. Some recommendations made include there is need to help teachers resolve occupational stress. This can be achieved through seminars, workshops, and sensitization programs.

Occupational stress: evidence from industries affected by COVID-19 in Japan

BackgroundThis study provides objective evidence on the impact of COVID-19 based on employee occupational stress reported from 13 different industries, and examines the determinants of employee psychological well-being. As the economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic continue, governments should consider industry-level differences when making support decisions concerning public resource allocation to corporations. However, little evidence exists regarding the differences in occupational stress across industries.MethodsEmployee occupational stress data (N = 673,071) was derived from workers in Japan from 2018 to 2020. The sample comprises workers from 13 industries, including civil services, service industry (other), real estate, medical/welfare, wholesale/retail, academic research, and accommodation/restaurant business. A logit model is employed to investigate the differences in employees’ psychological well-being before and during the pandemic.ResultsIn 2020, 11 out of 12 industries had significantly worse occupational stress compared to employees engaged in civil services. Over 23% of employees from the wholesale/retail and accommodation/restaurant industries were observed as high-stress employees. Improved compensation policies supporting these industries are suggested. In contrast, reduced occupational stress was found among employees in the transportation/postal and information/communication industries. Among the 13 industries, aside from high job demands, tough inter-person relationships in the workplace became the most significant stressors during the pandemic.ConclusionsThe results confirm that the pandemic has had a heterogeneous effect on employee occupational stress across industries, thus suggesting that the level of compensation given to different industries during the COVID-19 pandemic should be discussed and approved by the Japanese government. Additionally, support for the wholesale/retail and accommodation/restaurant industries during the pandemic should be improved.

Demographic Characteristics and Occupational Stress by Secondary School Teachers in Greater Bushenyi, Uganda

This study sought to establish the differences in occupational stress across socio-demographic characteristics of secondary school teachers in Greater Bushenyi, Uganda through the cross sectional research design. The researchers sampled 33 out of 160 public and private secondary schools through the systematic sampling procedures. From those, 266 were sampled out of 672 teachers. Using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA, the study established that teachers under investigation experienced the occupational stress moderately. The finding was quite similar to previous studies which indicated gender as a determining factor for teachers’ occupational stress. The moderately experienced occupational stress, calls for intervention strategies since if not treated earlier it may develop into higher stress levels which may interfere with teachers’ academic performance in their schools.

Differences in occupational stress by smoking intensity and gender in cross-sectional study of 59 355 Japanese employees using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ): the Niigata Wellness Study

ObjectivesIt has been hypothesised that smoking intensity may be related to occupational stress. This study aimed to investigate whether stress, including problems with superiors or co-workers, is a driver of...

Effectiveness of educational intervention on reducing oxidative stress caused by occupational stress in nurses: A health promotion approach.

Nursing is one of the most stressful occupations. Educational intervention regarding stress management can play an important role in reducing occupational stress among nurses The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of educational intervention on reducing oxidative stress caused by occupational stress in nurses: A health promotion approach in a hospital in western Iran. The present interventional study was performed in 2019 among 92 nurses working at the Kosar Hospital located in the city of Sanandaj in the country of Iran. Occupational stress was evaluated using the Osipow Occupational Stress Questionnaire. Oxidative stress was measured by taking blood samples and measuring the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde, and catalase (CAT) using SOD, malondialdehyde (MDA), and CAT kits. Educational intervention was carried out in the second stage. Three months after the intervention, data were taken again. The results of the present study indicated that there was a significant difference in occupational stress between before and after the educational intervention (P < 0.05). A significant reduction in MDA (P = 0.038) and SOD (P = 0.048) was observed after educational intervention, but this was not the case for CAT (P = 0.592). There was no significant correlation between occupational stress with oxidative stress parameters before and after the educational intervention (P < 0.05). No significant difference in occupational stress was observed between men and women. Among the oxidative stress parameters under evaluation, MDA was higher among men compared to women and this was statistically significant. Educational intervention regarding occupational stress is effective in reducing oxidative stress among nurses. The group meetings teach stress management to the participants and enable them to better manage their stress by utilizing their own capabilities. Thus, attention to this issue is vital in maintaining the mental and physical health of nurses and, in turn, improves the quality of care rendered.

Prevalent Rate of Occupational Stress among Senior High School Teachers

This study assessed occupational stress among Senior High School teachers in Ghana. The descriptive survey design was used for the study. The census method was used to involve all the 520 teachers in the selected public Senior High Schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (independent samples t-test and One-Way ANOVA) were employed for the data analysis. The findings showed low level of occupational stress among the teachers engaged in the research. The study also revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in occupational stress among teachers based on their gender. However, the study found out that there was a statistically significant difference in occupational stress among teachers based on their age, educational qualification and teaching experience. Based on the findings and the conclusions drawn, it was recommended that the Ghana Education Service (GES) and other analogous institutions should consciously re-design the responsibilities of teachers in the classroom in such a way that it may reduce the occupational stress, burnout and turnover intentions teachers experience on their jobs.

Operational stress of police officers: A cross-sectional study in three countries with centralized, hierarchical organization

AbstractLaw enforcement is a stressful occupation with both work-related and social-related stressors. Too much stress can negatively affect behaviours, mental states, and job performance. Centralized police organizations limit officers’ individual autonomy, likely increasing stress. This study examined differences in occupational stress in two different European countries and one Middle East country. Participants were 351 male police officers from Serbia (n = 130, age 36 ± 8 years), Russia (n = 121, age 22 ± 4 years), and Lebanon (n = 100, age 36 ± 6 years) who completed the 20-item Operational Police Stress Questionnaire in their own language. Items were averaged and interpreted as low (≤2.0), stress (2.1–3.4), and high stress (≥3.5). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analyses using age as the covariate with Bonferroni post hoc analyses were used. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine stress structure per country. Significant differences were found with lower occupational stress in Russian (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and Lebanon (P = 0.003) than Serbian officers. PCA factor patterns differed by country, with six found for Russian and Lebanese and three for Serbian officers. More work-related stressors were rated higher for the younger Russian officers, while more social-related stressors were rated higher for the older Serbian officers. Results suggest that it is vital to consider officers’ stress sources and overall stress levels.

The relationship between occupational stress and job burnout in coal miners: Interactions between GCCR and SLC6A4 gene polymorphisms and the environment

ObjectiveTo understand the current situation of job burnout among coal miners in Xinjian. The effects of occupational stress, GCCR and SLC6A4 gene polymorphisms, and gene-environment interactions on job burnout in coal miners were analyzed. This study provides a scientific basis for formulating health strategies to combat job burnout in the future. MethodsThe job burnout scale and job content questionnaire (JCQ) were used to investigate the general situation of job burnout among coal miners and its influencing factors. The imLDRTM multiple SNP typing kit was used to type 300 samples (150 samples from the burnout case group and 150 from the control group). The relationship between the occurrence of job burnout, and the GCCR and SLC6A4 genes was analyzed. ResultsThere were significant differences in the rate of burnout among miners of different sexes, ages, working years, shifts, working types, and marital status (P < 0.05). The difference in occupational stress between the different job burnout groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The GG genotype at rs41423247 increased the risk of burnout (OR=3.224, 95% CI:1.425-7.294). Similarly, compared to the TT genotype at rs11080122, the CC genotype increased the susceptibility of job burnout (OR =2.614, 95% CI:1.047-6.527). The results of gene-environment interaction regression analyses showed that the interaction between rs41423247, rs17209237, and occupational stress increased the risk of job burnout (OR = 5.049, 95% CI = 2.371-10.750). ConclusionIn addition to demographic characteristics, occupational stress was also a risk factor for job burnout. The interaction between rs41423247 and rs17209237 of the GCCR gene and occupational stress increased the risk of job burnout.

Emotion Regulation and Occupational Stress among Bank Employees

The study intends to study aspects of Emotion Regulation and Occupational Stress among Bank Employees between the age group of 24- 65 years from the cities Chennai, Dubai, Bengaluru and from the state of Kerala. The sample includes 67 adults. (49 Females and 18 Males) under study. The tool used for measuring Emotion Regulation was Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) developed by J.J Gross & John (2003). The tool for measuring occupational stress was Occupational Stress Index (OSI) developed by Dr. A. K Srivastava and Dr. A. K. Singh in 1981. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation and Mann Whitney U test was used to study the data. The findings showed there was no significant relationship between cognitive reappraisal and occupational stress. Also showed that there was no significant relationship between expressive suppression and occupational stress. It also showed that there was no significant difference in occupational stress among males and females. However, males were found to have higher occupational stress compared to females. And there was no significant difference between Emotional Regulation on males and females. And it was learned that females tend to have higher emotion regulation compared to males.

Occupational Stress of Women Teachers in Relation to Certain Demographic Variables

Job stress has become an important issue. It is regarded as one of the important occu- pational risks in the modern age. The objective of the present study was to find out the difference in occupational stress of women teachers concerning certain demographic variables. The study was conducted on 500 women teachers teaching in government and self-financed schools and colleges from five districts of Punjab. A multistage random sampling technique was employed. The results revealed that women teachers in government schools and urban areas and women teachers above 35 years of age have higher occupational stress. Based on the findings, it is recommended that workshops on Yoga and meditation camps for teachers be organised to reduce the level of occupational stress.

Effects of person-environment fit of gender-role orientation on burnout, engagement and hair steroids as stress biomarkers among women

BackgroundAnalysis on gender related differences in occupational stress and burnout levels usually reveal higher occupational stress and burnout levels for women compared to men, especially in male-dominated working environments. In opposition to group differentiation, more specific gender-related dimensions feminity and masculinity were used in the study to describe individual and work environment characteristics and analyze their effects.MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, survey results were linked to steroid levels in hair samples. Data was collected in a German medical services company with 146 employed women age 22–66 years (M = 40.48, SD = 10.38), 58 of them provided hair samples for steroid detection. Feminity and masculinity were measured by Gender Role Orientation Scale GTS+. Two Person-Environment fit scores in feminity and masculinity were calculated by subtracting individual from environment values. Both fit scores were proved as predictors in hierarchical linear regression models predicting burnout and work engagement as well as hair steroids cortisol, cortisone, DHEA, testosterone and progesterone detected by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as stress biomarkers. Bivariate correlations as well as moderator and mediator analysis were implemented.ResultsAfter considering age, role clarity, and work organization, Person-Environment fit in feminity still added significant variance explanation (β = .23, ∆ R2 = .05, p = .003) for burnout. Person-Environment fit in feminity also explained poor variance in work engagement (β = −.29, R2 = .09, p < .001). Person-Environment fit in masculinity added considerable variance explanation (β = .34, ∆ R2 = .12, p = 0.018) to cortisol levels after including quantitative demands to the model.ConclusionsPerson-Environment fit in feminity might be inspected as a predictor for burnout and work engagement. Person-Environment fit in masculinity can be taken into consideration as a predictor for hair cortisol as stress biomarker. Feminity and masculinity can be used as personality traits as well as characteristics of work environment, thus providing a particular gender-role related method of differentiation within gender groups. Also, specific methods could be derived for stress and burnout prevention and promotion of work engagement. Representative population studies with bigger samples and longitudinal surveys are needed to better explore the benefits and limitations of this approach.

A Study on Occupational Stress among Police

The current study reveals that occupational stress among police the study says that police person they have moderate occupational stress, there is no significant difference in occupational stress among male and female police.