Differences In Mindset Research Articles

Overview of the Foreign Language Sections in the Matriculation Exam in Poland and the University Entrance Exam in Türkiye

This paper highlights the contrasting approaches to foreign language assessment in high-stakes examinations for university education in Poland and Türkiye, focusing on content, task types, and language skills. In Poland, language acquisition is seen as a tool for effective communication, while in Türkiye, it is often perceived as rote memorization of grammar and vocabulary. This difference in mindset is influenced by prevailing assessment practices, where Türkiye’s evaluation methods prioritize memorization, leading to a diminished emphasis on communication and practical language use. This disparity is reflected in the EF English Proficiency Index, with Poland ranking high and Türkiye ranking low in language proficiency. Neglected language skills, such as speaking and listening, further exacerbate the issue. Despite discussions on transforming assessment practices for decades, Türkiye has made little progress. The practicality of multiple-choice-based tests in Türkiye is noted, but their limitations in testing language skills comprehensively are acknowledged.

Why and How is the Difference? Fixed and Growth Mindsets in Mathematics among O-level Secondary School Students in Wakiso District, Uganda

People's beliefs tend to impact them in all aspects of life. One of the things that can solve the puzzle of mathematics and science, in general, is the mindset, which is a view of one's ability as either static or malleable. This study evaluated the mindsets of Senior 3 students in Mathematics in Wakiso District and the reasons for adopting those mindsets as revealed in student and teacher narratives. Three hundred thirty-two (332) students participated in the quantitative study, while six students from each school took part in qualitative focus group discussions, and one O-level mathematics teacher from each school took part in a qualitative key informant interview. The quantitative results showed that more students had a growth mindset (M = 14.86, SD = 3.81) than a fixed mindset (M = 11.63, SD = 3.88). However, a considerable number of students held a fixed mindset; as also evidenced by the qualitative data, there were no statistically significant differences in mindsets among the various demographics. Qualitative findings showed that past performance, peers, parents, teachers, and other socialisers were influential in promoting growth or a fixed mindset. The study concludes that even though many students have a growth mindset, many external factors can cause them to adopt a fixed mindset in mathematics. Since mindsets can change at any time, it is everyone's responsibility to change students' mindsets toward mathematics for the best results

Rallying Around the Flags

This paper deals with four of the most popular songs from the American Civil War: “Dixie’s Land,” “The Bonnie Blue Flag,” “The Battle Hymn of the Republic,” and “The Battle Cry of Freedom.” The Civil War was a time in American history when propaganda was produced at a high rate, with these four songs being some of the most enduring examples. By looking at the history of these songs, as well as the content of the lyrics, insights into the mindsets of both the North and the South can be gleaned. In particular, by looking at the covers of the songs, it is possible to understand more about the creators of these parodies. By the end of this paper, differences in mindset between the North and the South will become apparent.

Implementation of the 3th Pancasila Values in Generation Z in the Digital Era of Students in Ppkn Study Program

The purpose of this study was to find out the implementation of the values of the third Pancasila precept in Generation Z in the digital era of Pancasila and Citizenship Education study program students at Pamulang University and to find out the efforts to minimize the impact of the digital era in Generation Z in implementing the values of the third Pancasila precept students of the Pancasila and Citizenship Education study program at Pamulang University. The research approach used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis method. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study show that the implementation process of the values of the third precept in generation Z in the digital era by students of the Pancasila and Citizenship Education Study Program has gone quite well, with respect for different ethnicities, religions and also different cultures. However, differences in mindset and the ease with which information can be received about various cultures makes Generation Z prefer foreign cultures to their own. Efforts that can be made to minimize the negative impact of the digital era in implementing the values of the third Pancasila precept can be started from self-awareness regarding the importance of values in the precepts of Indonesian Unity. Another effort that can be made from tertiary institutions, especially the Pancasila and Citizenship Education Study Program, is to conduct socialization, seminars that have a connection with the values of the third precepts of Pancasila.

Language Usage Difficulties for Native Chinese Speakers Acquisition of English

This paper examines the difficulties that native Chinese speakers encounter in the acquisition of English as a second language. The study draws on scholarly literature and research to examine (1) the cultural impacts of Chinese and English on the acquisition of English by native Chinese speakers, (2) the differences in mindset between native Chinese speakers and native English speakers when acquiring English, and (3) the barriers that native Chinese speakers face in acquiring English in English-speaking countries. It also provides advice on how they can improve their language skills.

Strategi akomodasi komunikasi pendidikan seks remaja dalam keluarga kawin campur antar ras

The role of parents is very important in communicating sex education to children. However, in this study, the researchers focused on communication between families of different cultures, namely parents from Indonesia and the Netherlands in providing sex education to adolescents. Every culture has a different view of sex education. It can be seen that Indonesian culture still considers sex education taboo, so few parents discuss sex education for teenagers. At the same time, in the Netherlands, there are programs on sex education so that children can get it and avoid its unhealthy effects. The study aimed to determine: 1) family communication patterns in sex education by parents to adolescents in families of different cultures; 2) knowing the communication barriers faced and the role of family communication in discussing sex education in families of different cultures. The theory used in this research is Communication Accommodation. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The data collection technique used is in-depth interviews. The findings show that the communication pattern shown by families with Dutch Sundanese culture is a balanced split pattern and the Dutch-Balinese family shows an equality split pattern of communication. The communication pattern that takes place is driven by intercultural relationships that are open and mutually respectful. The obstacles found were differences in mindsets and ways of communicating in discussing sexual problems in children and the three families of participants showed using a convergence strategy in communicating and interacting with family members, namely by adjusting their mindset, intonation, gesture, language, behaviour or Actions in carrying out family communication to communicate can be successful.

"Save for a rainy day" or "live in the moment"? How does uncertainty associated with earthquakes affect people's time preferences?

Uncertainty caused by frequent earthquakes can permanently reshape people's time preferences, forcing them to confront the question of whether to "save for a rainy day" or "live in the moment." Focusing on China, this study empirically analyzes the effect of earthquake frequency on local residents' time preferences, using seismic data from 780 BCE to 1970 CE matched to the China Family Panel Studies (2010) database (CFPS). The results show that uncertainty arising from earthquakes continuously influences residents' time preferences and behavior. Specifically, in regions with a higher earthquake frequency, residents' saving rate is lower and households' consumption level is higher, suggesting that people exposed to frequent earthquakes pay more attention to the present than the future. The results further show that residents' education investment level and average education level are lower in higher earthquake frequency regions. The empirical evidence demonstrates that differences in mindset are the primary reason for the observed regional differences in consumption, savings and education. The results of a series of robustness tests demonstrate the robustness of the above-listed findings. This research sheds new light on the relationship between natural disasters and human time preferences.

Two Mindsets among U.S. Journalists: Neutral & Activist

ABSTRACT This mixed-method study examines the mindset journalists in the United States bring to their work in an effort to gain insight into emerging journalistic viewpoints and their relationship to established doctrines and roles. Study 1 (n = 167) asked professional journalists, journalism professors, and student journalists to rank statements on journalism ethics and norms from most to least like their mindset toward the profession. Using the factor analysis procedure common to Q methodology, we identified two distinct mindsets among the participants. One factor expresses a neutral journalistic mindset that favors dispassionate reporting. The other shows more concern with the impact of journalism on its sources and a desire for more engagement in political discourse. A participant pool larger than that of a typical Q study allowed for additional quantitative analysis that identified significant differences in mindset by age, gender, professional experience, and journalistic platform. Using an explanatory-sequential design, study 2 (n = 16) further explored the journalistic mindset—the underlying web of beliefs and attitudes about the profession’s core values—with a textual analysis of follow-up interviews. The results have applications to research on journalistic norms, boundaries, and ethics, and may provide insight into the divisions generating conflict in many newsrooms today.

기적에 대한 신학적 이해

The traditional understanding of miracles is being challenged. As science advances and secular thinking proliferates, people become increasingly exclusive of miracles and testimonies about miracles. Recognition and acceptance of miracles depend on differences in mindset and worldview. There is a huge gap between those who lived in the pre-modern mindset and worldview and those who live in the modern mindset and worldview. On the other hand, there are differences in the ways of acknowledging and accepting miracles due to differences in civilization and culture even among people living in modern age.
 Miracle stories are much more in the past than in the present. How should we understand and interpret the miracle story of history from today's perspective? There are many miracle stories related to Jesus in the Bible. It is clear that Jesus was accepted as a miracle-worker by the people of that time. However, the ways in which modern Bible scholars acknowledge, accept, and interpret Jesus' miracles differ depending on the category of the miracle. On the one hand, Jesus' miracles are one of many things that Jesus did in his life. Miracles do not determine Jesus' identity.
 What place does miracles occupy in the contemporary theological context of the theory of ‘God’s continuous creation’? The understanding of the relationship between miracles and natural laws differs depending on how the laws of nature are defined. Science changes and evolves. When a new paradigm for understanding nature is formed, the way we understand the relationship between natural laws and miracles will change. Miracles are just one of the many variations of God’s creation. It would make more sense to approach miracles through a new understanding of God’s creation.
 An understanding of miracles requires an understanding of divine action. Traditional theological accounts of divine action are becoming increasingly less persuasive today. We live in a time when it is increasingly difficult to explain and account for God’s activity. The question of divine action posed by the problem of miracles is perhaps the challenge for the theology of our time. A new theology is called for.
 Miracles can be better understood in the Sitz im Leben of believers than in the field of science. Miracles are not a scientific problem, but a theological problem and a matter of faith.

Applying the Health Belief Model to Characterize Racial/Ethnic Differences in Digital Conversations Related to Depression Pre- and Mid-COVID-19: Descriptive Analysis.

BackgroundThe prevalence of depression in the United States is >3 times higher mid-COVID-19 versus prepandemic. Racial/ethnic differences in mindsets around depression and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic are not well characterized.ObjectiveThis study aims to describe attitudes, mindsets, key drivers, and barriers related to depression pre- and mid-COVID-19 by race/ethnicity using digital conversations about depression mapped to health belief model (HBM) concepts.MethodsAdvanced search, data extraction, and artificial intelligence–powered tools were used to harvest, mine, and structure open-source digital conversations of US adults who engaged in conversations about depression pre- (February 1, 2019-February 29, 2020) and mid-COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020-November 1, 2020) across the internet. Natural language processing, text analytics, and social data mining were used to categorize conversations that included a self-identifier into racial/ethnic groups. Conversations were mapped to HBM concepts (ie, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy). Results are descriptive in nature.ResultsOf 2.9 and 1.3 million relevant digital conversations pre- and mid-COVID-19, race/ethnicity was determined among 1.8 million (62.2%) and 979,000 (75.3%) conversations, respectively. Pre-COVID-19, 1.3 million (72.1%) conversations about depression were analyzed among non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), 227,200 (12.6%) among Black Americans (BA), 189,200 (10.5%) among Hispanics, and 86,800 (4.8%) among Asian Americans (AS). Mid-COVID-19, a total of 736,100 (75.2%) conversations about depression were analyzed among NHW, 131,800 (13.5%) among BA, 78,300 (8.0%) among Hispanics, and 32,800 (3.3%) among AS. Conversations among all racial/ethnic groups had a negative tone, which increased pre- to mid-COVID-19; finding support from others was seen as a benefit among most groups. Hispanics had the highest rate of any racial/ethnic group of conversations showing an avoiding mindset toward their depression. Conversations related to external barriers to seeking treatment (eg, stigma, lack of support, and lack of resources) were generally more prevalent among Hispanics, BA, and AS than among NHW. Being able to benefit others and building a support system were key drivers to seeking help or treatment for all racial/ethnic groups.ConclusionsThere were considerable racial/ethnic differences in drivers and barriers to seeking help and treatment for depression pre- and mid-COVID-19. As expected, COVID-19 has made conversations about depression more negative and with frequent discussions of barriers to seeking care. Applying concepts of the HBM to data on digital conversation about depression allowed organization of the most frequent themes by race/ethnicity. Individuals of all groups came online to discuss their depression. These data highlight opportunities for culturally competent and targeted approaches to addressing areas amenable to change that might impact the ability of people to ask for or receive mental health help, such as the constructs that comprise the HBM.

Exploration of Kejawen in "Visit Central Java" version of KukuBima Ener-G advertisement

Developments in the era of globalization are in the world's spotlight, not only on differences in mindset but also on many aspects. One of them is the impact on the existence of culture in Indonesia. This fact drives companies in Indonesia to reintroduce Indonesian culture through advertising. An example is the Visit Central Java version of the KukuBima Ener-G advertisement explored in this study, intending to take an essential role in contributing to presenting local content that specifically raises the cultural side of Central Java. This study also aims at seeing the cultural values embedded in Javanese society, namely the Kejawen, which is implied in the KukuBima Ener-G advertisement. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach and data collection techniques using John Fiske's Semiotics Method to analyze more deeply the content of advertisements based on the Social Code Theory initiated by Edward T. Hall. This study explores deeper in terms of the strategy of cultural visual but still displays the brand image. The results of this study lead to the emergence of a number of Kejawen from the aspect of Low Context Culture and High Context Culture in each advertising scene.

Use of Preference Analysis to Identify Early Adopter Mind-Sets of Insect-Based Food Products

Insects may potentially provide an alternative protein source. However, consumers may not easily accept insects due to feelings of disgust. Therefore, identifying early adopters of insect-based food products may determine their future acceptance. This study was conducted to (1) identify early adopter Mind-Sets of insect-based food products, (2) determine product features early adopters would prefer in an insect-based food product, and (3) determine differences in Mind-Sets in different countries. Two studies were distributed online in the US and the Philippines. The first study included information about insects, while the second study had no information on insects. The experimental design included elements, or product features, regarding insect-based products that participants evaluated. Preference Analysis was used to segment the participants into Mind-Sets. Based on the results, participants neither liked nor disliked the elements used. Participants in the studies without insect information were found to have higher liking when comparing liking. Participants who were aware of the study being about insects may have had less interest when evaluating the elements, as the response times between the US studies were significantly different (p < 0.05). The role of information and segmentation of the participants demonstrates the importance of experimental design when using Preference Analysis.

Mindset in the secondary school classroom: interaction with social value of effort and contingencies of self-worth

ABSTRACT This quantitative study examined year group, ability level and gender differences in mindset, social value of effort and contingencies of self-worth of 174 participants aged 13–18 years in a Scottish secondary school. The measures were Dweck's (2000) Theories of Intelligence Scale, Juvonen and Murdoch's (1995) Social Value of Effort Scale and Crocker's (2003) Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale. Analysis of Variance indicated no significant differences for mindset or age. However, significant gender differences were found for social value of effort and contingencies of self-worth. The research and practitioner implications of these findings are discussed. The limitations are that this study focussed on specific age and ability groups which could limit its generalisability. Future research should investigate these variables in wider contexts. Implications for educational psychologists’ practice include taking account of psychological and social factors in the adoption and implementation of interventions designed to improve pupils’ academic progress.

Mindsets predict physical activity and management strategies in individuals with knee osteoarthritis

Mindsets predict physical activity and management strategies in individuals with knee osteoarthritis

Mindset regarding mathematical ability in K‐12 teachers

AbstractTwo potentially impactful conceptions of mathematics and mathematics teaching, teachers’ implicit theories (i.e., mindset) toward intelligence and mathematical ability, have not been well examined in the literature. This study established baseline characteristics for these constructs across grades K‐12 teachers through a survey of background and mindset characteristics of 583 classroom teachers. Analyses regarding the uniqueness of these constructs, their proportions in the sample of teachers, and differences in mindset by subject and grade level taught are provided. Mindset regarding mathematical ability was found to be distinguished from mindset regarding general intelligence, and as a whole, teachers displayed drastically different distributions of mindset than the population, with growth‐oriented mindset characteristics for intelligence and mathematical ability greatest among elementary teachers and mathematics teachers. Additionally, teachers’ mindsets regarding these constructs appeared to be strongly oriented toward growth. Mindset constructs, which are potentially impactful to mathematical teaching practices, should be further examined in relation to effective classroom teaching, particularly at the elementary level, and differences in the distribution of these constructs by grade level taught should be further explored.

Entrepreneurial Action and Intention: The Role of Entrepreneurial Mindset, Emotional Intelligence, and Grit

Increasing students’ entrepreneurial mindset (EM) is one of the main goals of entrepreneurship education, which is increasingly taught across multiple disciplines. One challenge in EM education is finding an effective measure. In this work, we investigate the Engineering Student Entrepreneurial Mindset Assessment (ESEMA), which intends to measure a broad definition of EM. This paper compares the constructs of the ESEMA to those found in related measures of traits and attitudes using a sample that includes engineering students, business students, and practicing entrepreneurs. In addition to validating the instrument constructs, we explore the relationship between the ESEMA factors and measures of Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Grit. Our study confirms that the ESEMA survey loads into the six expected factors. We discover that ESEMA-Empathy and EI-Others’ Emotion Appraisal as well as EI-Use of Emotion and Grit-Perseverance are similar constructs. Additionally, our results show EM-Ideation, EM-Interest, and EI-Use of Emotion to consistently and positively relate to entrepreneurial action and intention while EM-Open Mindedness relates negatively. Overall, our study provides a better understanding of how we can measure students’ entrepreneurial mindset, differences in mindsets across disciplines and between students and practicing entrepreneurs, and the relationship of the constructs measured and entrepreneurial actions and intentions.

Does Level of Education Influence the Development of Adolescents’ Mindsets?

In the present study, we compared the mindset of preuniversity students and (primary and secondary) vocational students. Participants comprised of 173 students attending preuniversity education and 101 students attending vocational education. All participants completed a mindset questionnaire. We expected, based on previous educational experiences, that preuniversity students would show on average a higher score (i.e., more of a growth mindset) than vocational students. Results indicated, however, that there was hardly any difference in mindset between vocational and preuniversity students. The mindset of adolescents is therefore not influenced by the level of education.

Can a brief intervention alter genetic and environmental influences on psychological traits? An experimental behavioral genetics approach

Mindset interventions are designed to encourage students to adopt a growth mindset, reflecting the belief that one’s intelligence can be improved in an effort to increase academic achievement. How do these interventions exert their effects? We assessed the effects of an online mindset intervention on mindset and four outcome variables, grit, locus of control, challenge-seeking behavior, and cognitive ability test performance in a sample of 1668 twins in 840 families. The mindset intervention successfully induced a growth mindset, but had no effect on the outcome variables. Biometric modeling of self-reported mindset before and after the intervention further revealed that this mean change in mindset was accompanied by changes in its etiology. At baseline, nonshared environmental contributions to individual differences in mindset predominated, while additive genetic contributions were small-to-moderate and shared environmental contributions were negligible. After the intervention, there was an increase in additive genetic contributions to individual differences in mindset. In other words, despite its very brief nature, our simple environmental intervention acted to increase the heritability of mindset. Such findings suggest that interventions may sometimes exert their effects by altering the genetic influences on a trait.

Making the transition from casework to group work

ABSTRACT This article examines the meaningful difference in mind-set that distinguishes group work from casework. It illustrates the importance of the worker making a cognitive shift from social work with individuals (casework perspective), to work with a group, which consists of multiple members (group work perspective). This mind-set transition utilizes the framework of thinking group. The guiding principle of thinking group is viewed through the lens of group-as-a-whole first and individuals second. Trusting and empowering a group to do its work affords members the opportunity to realize the value of people who have been drawn together by common issues and the wisdom of shared experience. Excerpts from group process recordings and supervisory insight are included to illuminate the worker’s developmental process that contribute to new-found perspectives, while simultaneously becoming grounded in the group work process and its potential for member empowerment.

A cross-sectional survey on patient perception of subject payment for research

Background: Research subjects may receive payment for their participation. Multiple models for payment have been proposed, however, the most ethical model is not completely clear.Objective: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate and quantify the public’s perception and to identify demographic determinants influencing said perceptions.Methods: Patients from a New York City medical clinic were queried using an adapted survey on medical research compensation consisting of 6 opinion-style questions pertaining to the payment of subjects enrolling in clinical trials and 9 demographic questions. Pearson’s chi-squared tests of independence with two-tailed alpha of 0.05 and correction for multiple testing were performed to determine statistical significance.Results: 440 respondents were recruited for participation, with broad distribution across age, race, and socioeconomic levels. For research payment, surveyed respondents preferred the market model (n = 265, 62%) compared to the reimbursement model (n = 72, 16.8%) or wage payment model (n = 64, 15%) and no payment (n = 27, 6.3%). Patients under the age of 60 were more likely to choose the market model (p = .01) compared to those over 60 selecting the reimbursement model (p = .001). 88.7% (n = 377) of respondents indicated they did not perceive clinical trial payment to be a bribe, with non-white patients being more likely to identify payment as a bribe (p = .025). 73.2% of respondents (n = 344) believed that poorer individuals were more likely to enroll. Patients without high school education and patients 60 years of age or older were more likely to believe that payment (p = .006 and p < .001, respectively) would have no influence on enrollment than those with high school education.Conclusions: Differences in mind-set towards clinical trials demonstrate older patients and individuals without a high school education may have differing opinions with regards to financial incentives in clinical trials. Sensitivity towards these attitudes may require alternative models of payment for future clinical trials.