Differences In In-hospital Complications Research Articles

Trends and benefits of early hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture in China: a national cohort study.

Limited studies have examined the benefits of early arthroplasty within 48h from admission to surgery for femoral neck fractures (FNFs). Using the national inpatient database, the authors aimed to investigate the trends in early arthroplasty within 48h for FNFs in China and to assess its effect on in-hospital complications and 30-day readmission patterns. This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients receiving primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) or hemiarthroplasty (HA) for FNFs in the Hospital Quality Monitoring System between 2013 and 2019 were included. After adjusting for potential confounders with propensity score matching, a logistic regression model was performed to compare the differences in in-hospital complications [i.e. in-hospital death, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), wound infection, and blood transfusion], rates and causes of 30-day readmission between early and delayed arthroplasty. During the study period, the rate of early THA increased from 18.0 to 19.9%, and the rate of early HA increased from 14.7 to 18.4% ( P <0.001). After matching, 11731 pairs receiving THA and 13568 pairs receiving HA were included. Compared with delayed THA, early THA was associated with a lower risk of pulmonary embolism [odds ratio (OR) 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30-0.88], DVT (OR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50-0.70), blood transfusion (OR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.55-0.70), 30-day readmission (OR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.95), and venous thromboembolism-related readmission (OR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34-0.74). Similarly, early HA was associated with a lower risk of DVT (OR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.61-0.80) and blood transfusion (OR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.68-0.81) than delayed HA. Despite a slight increase, the rate of early arthroplasty remained at a low level in China. Given that early arthroplasty can significantly improve prognosis, more efforts are needed to optimize the procedure and shorten the time to surgery.

The role of psycho-emotional factors in assessing the prognosis of different types of myocardial infarction

Aim. To study the features of psycho-emotional status and its clinical and prognostic significance in patients with type 1 and 2 myocardial infarction (MI).Material and methods. Of the 1293 patients hospitalized at the District Cardiology Dispensary "Center for Diagnostics and Cardiovascular Surgery" with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, 277 (21,4%) patients with confirmed MI were consecutively included in the observational study. There were 194 (15,0%) patients with type 1 MI (MI1) and 83 (6,4%) with type 2 MI (MI2). MI types were determined based on the IV Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (UDMI). During the hospital period, type D personality was identified using the Russian version of the Type D scale-14 (DS-14), while the presence and severity of anxiety and depression was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Follow-up was conducted through outpatient visits, telephone or email interviews for 12 months after discharge. Patients' adherence to drug therapy was assessed using 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and quality of life (QoL) using Short Form Medical Outcomes Study (SF-36) questionnaire.Results. During the hospital period, in the group of patients with MI2, patients with type D personality were more often identified compared with MI1 (30 (36,1%) vs 55 (28,3%), p&lt;0,05). Patients with MI2 had a significantly higher subclinical level of anxiety (34 (41,0%) vs 43 (22,2%), p=0,002), expressed level of anxiety (10 (12,1%) vs 12 (6,2%), p=0,011), as well as a significant level of depression (13 (15,7%) vs 14 (7,2%), p=0,03). At the same time, in patients with type D, regardless of MI type, subclinical levels of anxiety and depression were significantly expressed (63 (74,1%) vs 14 (7,3%) (p&lt;0,001) and 58 (68,2%) vs 25 (13,0%) (p&lt;0,001)). There were no significant differences in inhospital complications between the MI1 and MI2 groups depending on type D personality. After 12-month follow-up, patients with the distressed personality type had higher rate of all-cause death (5 (7,2%) vs 5 (1,6%), p&lt;0,05 without type D), rehospitalization for decompensated heart failure (8 (11,5%) vs 9 (4,8%), p=0,04). Patients with type D were less adherent to drug therapy compared to patients without type D (30 (43,4%) vs 9 (4,8%) p=0,001, respectively), and they had lower QoL scores.Conclusion. Type D personality, the presence of anxiety and depression, high all-cause mortality and rehospitalization rate of decompensated heart failure were more often observed in MI2 compared to MI1, as well as in patients with type D, regardless of MI type. Low adherence to drug therapy and poor quality of life, regardless of MI type, were also associated with the type D personality.

Abstract 18794: Relationships Between Sex and Size and Morbidity and Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Cardiovascular Procedures

Background. Recent large studies reported improvements in outcomes of cardiovascular procedures over time but have not benefited women. Objective. To explore the role that smaller physical stature may play in explaining differential outcomes of these procedures among men and women. Methods. We used regional data (2003-17) to examine differences in in-hospital complications (bleeding, infection, stroke, low output failure, respiratory failure, RF), mortality and long-term survival among men and women of different body surface area (BSA) categories (&lt;1.6, 1.6-1.7, 1.8-1.9, &gt;=2) undergoing PCI (n=97,205), isolated CABG (27,128), or valve (17,414) while controlling for baseline age, comorbidity, disease severity, and year. Results. Smaller size was associated with worse outcomes among both men and women. In-hospital mortality rates were highest among the smallest men for CABG (5.1% versus 1.8% in largest men (OR=3.1; 95%CI=1.5-6.5; p=0.002)) and PCI (2.4% versus 1.1% (OR=2.5; 95%CI=1.4-4.3; p=0.002)) but not valve where smallest women had the highest mortality (9.3% versus 4.6% in the largest men (OR=2.3; 95%CI=1.7-3.2; p&lt;0.001)). In-hospital complications were highest among smallest men for CABG (18% versus 13% (OR=1.5; 95%CI=0.9-2.3; p=0.100)) and valve (29% versus 26% (OR=1.2; 95%CI=0.7-2.1; p=0.502)) but highest among smallest women for PCI (5.9% versus 2.4% in the largest men (OR=2.7; 95%CI=2.3-3.1; p&lt;0.001)). Long-term survival was worst among smallest men for CABG (HR=2.0; 95% CI=1.5-2.7; p&lt;0.001) and PCI (HR=1.9; 95% CI=1.7-2.2; p&lt;0.0001). Bleeding complications were significantly higher in smaller men (3.4% versus 1.6% (OR=2.2; 95%CI=1.4-3.6; p=0.001)) and women (4.8% versus 1.6% (OR=3.2; 95%CI=2.8-3.8; p&lt;0.001)) undergoing PCI. Conclusions. Peri-operative devices and/or processes of care better tailored to the size of the patient might help to improve outcomes of cardiovascular procedures among women as well as smaller men.

Device-based antegrade dissection re-entry versus parallel wire techniques for the percutaneous revascularization of coronary chronic total occlusions.

Device-based antegrade dissection re-entry (ADR) and parallel wire technique (PWT) are two important techniques in the antegrade approach in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusion (CTO). The study is aimed to compare the procedural and mid-term outcomes between device-based ADR using the CrossBoss/Stingray system and PWT in CTO PCI. Data was retrospectively collected from consecutive patients who underwent CTO PCI using device-based ADR or PWT. CTO due to in-stent restenosis were excluded. A total of 273 patients were included in the study (n = 55 in device-based ADR group, n = 218 in PWT group). Baseline characteristics were similar across groups except for higher prevalence of prior PCI and lower level of lipid profile in the ADR group. Moreover, although patients in the ADR group showed higher contrast volume (441.6 ± 162.4 mL vs. 361.5 ± 142.1 mL, p < 0.001), more intravascular ultrasound guidance (50.9% vs. 22.9%, p < 0.001), more guidewires used (4.6 ± 1.4 vs. 3.4 ± 1.2, p < 0.001) and higher troponin T level after PCI (0.167 vs. 0.087, p = 0.004), the technical success, procedural success and in-hospital complications were similar between the two groups. During a median follow-up of 1 year, the ADR group showed no difference in major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including all cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and ischemia driven target vessel revascularization) (7.3% vs. 14.7%, p = 0.150) as compared with the PWT group. In the documented center, the use of device-based ADR for CTO PCI showed no difference in in-hospital complications and mid-term MACE as compared with PWT, despite higher procedure complexity in ADR group.

Effect of perioperative anticoagulant prophylaxis in patients with traumatic subdural hematoma and a history of anticoagulant use: a propensity-matched National Trauma Data Bank analysis.

The use of anticoagulation to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) is controversial in the setting of neurosurgical decompression for traumatic subdural hematoma (SDH). In these patients, there is concern that anticoagulation may cause secondary hemorrhage, increasing the risk of death and other complications. Patients with a history of anticoagulant use are at further risk of VTE, but the effect of VTE prophylaxis (VTEP) following neurosurgery for SDH has not been thoroughly investigated in this population. This study aims to investigate the differences in in-hospital outcomes in patients with SDH and preexisting anticoagulant use who received VTEP following neurosurgical intervention compared with those who did not. The National Trauma Data Bank was queried from 2017 to 2019 for all patients with preexisting anticoagulant use presenting with an SDH who subsequently underwent neurosurgical intervention. Patients who received VTEP were propensity score matched with patients who did not based on demographics, insurance type, injury severity, and comorbidities. Paired Student t-tests, Pearson's chi-square tests, and Benjamini-Hochberg multiple comparisons correction were used to compare differences in in-hospital complications, length of stay (LOS), and mortality rate between the two groups. A logistic regression model was developed to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Two thousand seven hundred ninety-four patients matching the inclusion criteria were identified, of whom 950 received VTEP. Following one-to-one matching and multiple comparisons correction, the VTEP group had a lower mortality rate (18.53% vs 34.53%, p < 0.001) but longer LOS (14.09 vs 8.57 days, p < 0.001) and higher rates of pressure ulcers (2.11% vs 0.53%, p = 0.01), unplanned intensive care unit admission (9.05% vs 3.47%, p < 0.001), and unplanned intubation (9.47% vs 6.11%, p = 0.021). The multivariable logistic regression showed that use of unfractionated heparin (UH; OR 0.36, p < 0.001) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH; OR 0.3, p < 0.001) were associated with lower odds of in-hospital mortality. In patients with traumatic SDH and a history of anticoagulant use, perioperative VTEP was associated with increased LOS but provided a mortality benefit. LMWH and UH use were the strongest predictors of survival.

Cost and Clinical Outcomes Evaluation Between the Endoaortic Balloon and External Aortic Clamp in Cardiac Surgery.

Endoaortic balloon occlusion facilitates cardioplegic arrest during minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Studies have shown endoclamping to be as safe as traditional aortic clamping. We compared outcomes and hospital costs of endoclamping versus external aortic occlusion in a large administrative database. There were 52,882 adults undergoing eligible cardiac surgery (October 2015 to March 2020) identified in the Premier Healthcare Database. Endoclamp procedures (n = 419) were 1:3 propensity score matched to similar procedures using external aortic occlusion (n = 1,244). Generalized linear modeling measured differences in in-hospital complications (major adverse renal and cardiac events, including mortality, new-onset atrial fibrillation, acute kidney injury [AKI], myocardial infarction [MI], postcardiotomy syndrome, stroke/transient ischemic attack [TIA], and aortic dissection) and length of stay (LOS). The mean age was 63 years, and 53% were male (n = 882). The majority (93%, n = 1,543) were mitral valve procedures, and 17% of procedures (n = 285) were robot-assisted. Total hospitalization costs were not statistically significantly different between the 2 groups ($52,158 vs $49,839, P = 0.06). The median LOS was significantly shorter in the endoclamp group (incident rate ratio = 0.87, P < 0.001). Mortality, atrial fibrillation, AKI, and stroke/TIA were similar between the 2 groups. MI and postcardiotomy syndrome were lower in the endoclamp group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.14, P = 0.006, and OR = 0.27, P = 0.005). There were no aortic dissections in the endoclamp group. Aortic endoclamping in MIS was associated with similar costs, shorter LOS, no dissections, and comparably low mortality and stroke rates when compared with external clamping in this hospital billing dataset. These results demonstrate the clinical safety and efficacy of endoaortic balloon clamping in a real-world setting. Further studies are warranted.

Association of Prehospital Transfusion With Mortality in Pediatric Trauma

Optimal hemostatic resuscitation in pediatric trauma is not well defined. To assess the association of prehospital blood transfusion (PHT) with outcomes in injured children. This retrospective cohort study of the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation database included children aged 0 to 17 years old who received a PHT or emergency department blood transfusion (EDT) from January 2009 and December 2019. Interfacility transfers and isolated burn mechanism were excluded. Analysis took place between November 2022 and January 2023. Receipt of a blood product transfusion in the prehospital setting compared with the emergency department. The primary outcome was 24-hour mortality. A 3:1 propensity score match was developed balancing for age, injury mechanism, shock index, and prehospital Glasgow Comma Scale score. A mixed-effects logistic regression was performed in the matched cohort further accounting for patient sex, Injury Severity Score, insurance status, and potential center-level heterogeneity. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and complications. Of 559 children included, 70 (13%) received prehospital transfusions. In the unmatched cohort, the PHT and EDT groups had comparable age (median [IQR], 47 [9-16] vs 14 [9-17] years), sex (46 [66%] vs 337 [69%] were male), and insurance status (42 [60%] vs 245 [50%]). The PHT group had higher rates of shock (39 [55%] vs 204 [42%]) and blunt trauma mechanism (57 [81%] vs 277 [57%]) and lower median (IQR) Injury Severity Score (14 [5-29] vs 25 [16-36]). Propensity matching resulted in a weighted cohort of 207 children, including 68 of 70 recipients of PHT, and produced well-balanced groups. Both 24-hour (11 [16%] vs 38 [27%]) and in-hospital mortality (14 [21%] vs 44 [32%]) were lower in the PHT cohort compared with the EDT cohort, respectively; there was no difference in in-hospital complications. Mixed-effects logistic regression in the postmatched group adjusting for the confounders listed above found PHT was associated with a significant reduction in 24-hour (adjusted odds ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.23-0.91) and in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.97) compared with EDT. The number needed to transfuse in the prehospital setting to save 1 child's life was 5 (95% CI, 3-10). In this study, prehospital transfusion was associated with lower rates of mortality compared with transfusion on arrival to the emergency department, suggesting bleeding pediatric patients may benefit from early hemostatic resuscitation. Further prospective studies are warranted. Although the logistics of prehospital blood product programs are complex, strategies to shift hemostatic resuscitation toward the immediate postinjury period should be pursued.

Early Versus Delayed Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Blunt Thoracic Aortic Injury: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

We examined early (≤24h) versus delayed (>24h) thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI), taking the aortic injury severity into consideration. Current trauma surgery guidelines recommend delayed TEVAR following BTAI. However, this recommendation was based on small studies, and specifics regarding recommendation strategies based on aortic injury grades are lacking. Patients undergoing TEVAR for BTAI in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program between 2016 and 2019 were included and then stratified into 2 groups (early: ≤24h vs. delayed: >24h). In-hospital outcomes were compared after creating 1:1 propensity score-matched cohorts, matching for demographics, comorbidities, concomitant injuries, additional procedures, and aortic injury severity based on the acute aortic syndrome (AAS) classification. Overall, 1339 patients were included, of whom 1054(79%) underwent early TEVAR. Compared with the delayed group, the early group had significantly less severe head injuries (early vs delayed; 25% vs 32%; P =0.014), fewer early interventions for AAS grade 1 occurred, and AAS grade 3 aortic injuries often were intervened upon within 24 hours (grade 1: 28% vs 47%; grade 3: 49% vs 23%; P <0.001). After matching, the final sample included 548 matched patients. Compared with the delayed group, the early group had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality (8.8% vs 4.4%, relative risk: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.4; P =0.028), alongside a shorter length of hospital stay (5.0 vs 10 days; P =0.028), a shorter intensive care unit length of stay (4.0 vs 11 days; P <0.001) and fewer days on the ventilator (4.0 vs 6.5 days; P =0.036). Furthermore, regardless of the higher risk of acute kidney injury in the delayed group (3.3% vs 7.7%, relative risk: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.92; P =0.029), no other differences in in-hospital complications were observed between the early and delayed group. In this propensity score-matched analysis, delayed TEVAR was associated with lower mortality risk, even after adjusting for aortic injury grade.

The Role of Stress in Stable Patients with Takotsubo Syndrome-Does the Trigger Matter?

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a unique type of reversible cardiomyopathy that predominantly affects elderly women. The role of physical and emotional stress in the pathophysiology of TTS is well established. However, the association between preceding emotional triggers and clinical outcomes in stable patients has not yet been fully investigated. We aimed to investigate the association between emotional triggers before symptom onset and clinical outcomes in stable patients with TTS. This is a retrospective cohort study based on the data of patients with ICD-9 discharge diagnosis of TTS between 2017 and 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: with and without obvious emotional trigger before symptom onset. Demographic, laboratory, echocardiographic, and clinical outcomes were obtained and compared between the two groups. We included 86 patients (93% were women, mean age 68.8 ± 12.3 years). Of them, 64 (74.4%) reported an emotional trigger before symptom onset. Patients with a previous emotional trigger had a longer hospital stay (4.3 + 2.0 days vs. 3.0 + 1.4, p = 0.002) with no difference in in-hospital complications (32.8% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.069), with no difference in 30-day mortality, readmissions, or recurrence rate between the groups. Patients with TTS related to an emotional trigger may represent a different population from patients without a preceding trigger by having more symptomatic disease and longer hospital stay, yet with no difference in the 30-day outcomes.

Prevalence and prognostic impact of cardiac amyloidosis in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. AMY-TAVI study

Abstract Background Aortic stenosis (AS) and cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (CTTRA) are two diseases that are typically associated with aging. In both cases, dyspnea is the main symptom, so the diagnosis of CTTRA in patients with AS is underestimated. Purpose To determine the real prevalence of CTTRA in patients with AS and its influence on prognosis. Methods After implantation, and before hospital discharge, CTTRA screening was carried out by performing a scintigraphy with 99mTc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanedicarboxylic acid, and monoclonal peak in peripheral blood and urine was excluded to rule out CA-AL.According to Perugini's classification, CATTR grades 1, 2 and 3 were established and grade 0 as the absence of CATTR. Result 325 patients were included. The incidence of CTTRA was 11.7% (38 patients). Grade 1 39.4% (15 patients), grade 2 34.2% (13 patients) and grade 3 26.3% (10 patients). Patients with CATTR were more frequently male (female 36.8% vs 54%, p=0.046), had a lower mean transvalvular gradient (43.2±14.0 mmHg vs 50.9±14.7 mmHg, p=0.003), and greater thickness of the interventricular septum (15.4±2.3 mm vs 14.4±2.7 mm, p=0.038). There were no differences in the rest of the clinical or analytical variables, including functional class or NT proBNP levels (3663.3±4343.9 vs 3815.4±7901.7, p=0.912). According to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-3 classification, there were no differences in in-hospital complications between the two groups, stroke (3.1% vs 2.6%, p=0.866), greater bleeding (7.3% vs 15.8%, p=0.202), acute kidney injury stage 3 (2.1% vs 0.9, p=0.566), permanet pacemaker implantation (19.2% vs 13.2%, p=0.370), acute myocardial infarction (0.3% vs 0%), acute heart failure (4.2% vs 2.6%, p=0.647).Mean follow-up time was 19.0±7.4 months (median: 19.2, IQR 12.5–25.7 months). During this time, there was no difference in the appearance of MACE, defined as all-cause mortality, heart failure, acute myocardial infraction and stroke, between patients with and without CTTRA (Figure 1A). Nor when we analyze these events separately. Finally, the evolution in functional class and NT proBNP values six months after implantation were analyzed. Although there was an improvement in functional class in all groups, this was not significant in patients with CTTRA grade 3, going from 30% of patients in NYHA class III–IV at baseline to 22.2% at 6 months (p=0.556). Regarding the NT proBNP values, these decreased in all the groups but they only did so significantly in the patients without CTTRA (Figure 2). Conclusion The coexistence of AS and CTTRA in patients undergoing TAVR is relatively frequent. Although there are no more in-hospital or mid-term follow-up complications than in patients without CTTRA, the degree of symptomatic improvement and normalization of natriuretic peptides is lower in these patients, especially in the more advanced stages, where it will be necessary to assess whether the procedure will be futile or not. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Pfizer

Apixaban for Anticoagulation After Robotic Mitral Valve Repair

BackgroundThere is no consensus regarding postoperative anticoagulation after mitral valve repair (MVRep). We compared the outcomes of post-MVRep anticoagulation with apixaban compared to warfarin. MethodsWe reviewed data of 666 patients who underwent isolated robotic MVRep between January 2008 and October 2019. We excluded patients who had conversion to sternotomy and those discharged without anticoagulation or on clopidogrel (n = 40). Baseline and intraoperative characteristics and antiplatelet/anticoagulation records were collected. In-hospital and post-discharge complications and overall survival were compared. ResultsAmong the 626 studied patients the median age was 58 years (interquartile range, 51-66), 71% were male, and 1% (n = 9) had atrial fibrillation. Eighty percent (n = 499) were discharged on warfarin and 20% on apixaban (n = 127). Almost all patients (126 of 127, 99%) in the apixaban group were also on aspirin at discharge, whereas in the warfarin group only 79% (n = 395) were also on aspirin at discharge. Baseline characteristics were similar, except that the apixaban group had more female patients (46 of 127, 36% vs 136 of 499, 27%, P = .047). There were no differences in in-hospital complications, including stroke. Readmission rate was higher in the apixaban group (15 of 127, 12% vs 30 of 499, 6%, P = .02), driven mostly by postoperative atrial fibrillation (6 of 127 [5%] vs 5 of 499 [1%], respectively; P = .01). There was no difference in other complications (including bleeding and thromboembolic events), or overall mortality within 3 years. Exclusion of patients who did not receive aspirin at discharge did not affect the results. ConclusionsAnticoagulation with apixaban after minimally invasive robotic MVRep is safe and has similar rates of bleeding and thromboembolism compared to patients treated with warfarin.

The effect of sex differences on complications and 90-day outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a propensity score-matched analysis

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is the most devastating form of stroke. Up to now, little is known about the effect of sex differences on complications and outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed aSAH patients admitted to our institution between January 2015 and December 2020. The functional outcomes at discharge and 90days after discharge were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Baseline characteristics, in-hospital complications, and outcomes were compared after 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). The area under the curve (AUC) in the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was calculated to measure each independent risk factor's prediction ability. A total of 833 patients were included. After PSM, 109 male patients were compared with 109 female patients. Female patients had a higher incidence of anemia (47/109 [43.1%] vs. 30/109 [27.5%], p = 0.016) than male patients, while male patients had a higher incidence of pneumonia (36/109 [33.0%] vs. 19/109 [17.4%], p = 0.008) than female patients. No significant differences were found in the rate of unfavorable outcomes at discharge and 90-day outcomes (40/109 [36.7%] vs. 50/109 [45.9%], p = 0.169; 15/109 [13.8%] vs. 19/107 [17.8%], p = 0.420) between female and male patients. Pneumonia (AUC = 0.749, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.623-0.875, p < 0.001) and anemia (AUC = 0.753, 95% CI = 0.632-0.873, p = 0.002) showed good ability to predict 90-day unfavorable outcomes in male and female patients, respectively. Female patients had a higher incidence of anemia but a lower incidence of pneumonia during hospitalization. However, differences in in-hospital complications did not result in differences in outcomes between women and men. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04785976. 2021/03/05, retrospectively registered.

History of COVID-19 Was Not Associated With Length of Stay or In-Hospital Complications After Elective Lower Extremity Joint Replacement.

BackgroundThe impact of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection on the morbidity of elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is not fully understood. This study reports on the association between previous COVID-19 disease, hospital length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital complications after elective primary TJA.MethodsDemographics, comorbidities, LOS, and in-hospital complications of consecutive 340 patients with a history of COVID-19 were compared with those of 5014 patients without a history of COVID-19 undergoing TJA. History of COVID-19 was defined as a positive IgG antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 before surgery. All patients were given both antibody and polymerase chain reaction tests before surgery.ResultsPatients with a history of COVID-19 were more likely to be obese (43.8% vs 32.4%, P < .001), Black (15.6% vs 6.8%, P < .001), or Hispanic (8.5% vs 5.4%, P = .028) than patients without a history of COVID-19. COVID-19 treatment was reported by 6.8% of patients with a history of COVID-19. Patients with a history of COVID-19 did not have a significantly longer median LOS after controlling for other factors (for hip replacements, median 2.9 h longer, 95% confidence interval = −2.0 to 7.8, P = .240; for knee replacements, median 4.1 h longer, 95% confidence interval = −2.4 to 10.5, P = .214), but a higher percentage were discharged to a post–acute care facility (4.7% vs 1.9%, P = .001). There was no significant difference in in-hospital complication rates between the 2 groups (0/340 = 0.0% vs 22/5014 = 0.44%, P = .221).ConclusionsWe do not find differences in LOS or in-hospital complications between the 2 groups. However, more work is needed to confirm these findings, particularly for patients with a history of more severe COVID-19.Level of evidenceII.

Abstract 8860: Influence of Age on In-Hospital and One-Year Mortality in Patients with Electrical Storm

Introduction: Electrical storm (ES) carries poor short- and long-term prognosis although there is limited evidence regarding outcomes of ES stratified by age. Objective: Primary outcomes include all-cause in-hospital and 1-year mortality of ES based on four age groups: &lt; 55 years (1), age 55-64 (2), age 65-75 (3), and age &lt; 75 years (4). We hypothesize that older patients (Groups 3, 4) will have worse short- and long-term mortality and higher rates of in-hospital complications. Methods: Single center, retrospective study including patients admitted to the coronary intensive care unit with ES between April 2014-2020. ES was defined as ≥ 3 isolated sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VA) or ICD therapies within 24 hours. Results: Of 214 patients admitted with ES, 44 (20.6%) were Group 1, 56 (26.2%) were Group 2, 70 (32.7%) were Group 3, and 44 (20.6%) were Group 4. The overall mean age was 64 ± 13 years. There was no significant difference between age groups regarding ejection fraction (p = 0.55) or prior history of VA (p = 0.48). There was a higher incidence of prior CAD (p = 0.0057) and worse PAINESD (p &lt; 0.001) in the older groups. There was no significant difference in in-hospital complications between the four groups regarding multiorgan failure (p = 0.11), in-hospital cardiac arrest (p = 0.39), or cardiogenic shock (p = 0.27). There was no difference between the four groups in all-cause (20.5% vs. 12.5% vs. 12.9% vs. 20.5%; p = 0.51) or VA-induced in-hospital mortality (18.2% vs. 8.9% vs. 12.9% vs. 18.2%; p = 0.47). Using Group 1 as reference, only Group 4 had a significant difference in 365-day all-cause mortality (Figure 1; HR 1.94; 95% CI 1.0 - 3.8, p 0.049) but no difference in 365-day VT-free survival (Figure 2; p = 0.51). Conclusions: There is no difference in all-cause or VA-induced hospital mortality between age groups. There was a statistically significant increase in 365-day all-cause mortality between extremes of age, although there was no difference in 365-day VT-free survival.

Contemporary comparison of infective endocarditis caused by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis: a cohort study

Abstract Background Although Candida albicans is the most frequent microorganism causing fungal endocarditis, its incidence has decreased during the last two decades, and that of non-albicans Candida species has risen. Among the last, Candida parapsilosis is of particular interest, representing the second most frequent Candida species causing IE1, 2. Purpose To compare the clinical course, imaging findings and outcomes among patients with IE caused by C. albicans (CAIE) and C. parapsilosis (CPIE) in order to identify organism-specific peculiarities. Methods From January 1998 to June 2020, all consecutive cases of CAIE and CPIE (n=16), admitted to a hospital network composed of 3 tertiary hospitals and prospectively recruited on a multipurpose database, were retrospectively analysed. All cases were evaluated by the Endocarditis Team (ET) and underwent a thorough diagnostic work-up, including blood cultures at admission, transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and culture of the valves extracted at surgery. Other imaging tests, such as PET/CT, were performed at the ET's discretion. Diagnosis of IE was made according to the modified Duke criteria until 20153, and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2015 modified diagnostic criteria thereafter4. Results Eight patients were diagnosed with CAIE and 8 with CPIE. Regarding predisposing conditions, a higher prevalence of prosthetic valves was found among CPIE. Other population's baseline information is shown in Table 1. Compared to CAIE, CPIE presented a longer time from the beginning of symptoms to hospital admission (40 vs 7 days; p=0.062), but no differences regarding signs and symptoms were observed. Aortic location was the most frequent infection side in both groups, but prosthetic valve involvement was remarkably more frequent among patients with CPIE (75% vs 37.5%; p=0.315. Figure 1). CPIE also presented a higher rate of positive blood cultures at admission (100% vs 62.5%; p=0.200), persistently blood cultures 48–72 hours after antifungals initiation (100% vs 0%; p=0.021) and positive valve cultures (83.3% vs 57.1%; p=0.569). No differences regarding TEE and other imaging tests findings were observed. All patients but 4 underwent valve replacement surgery. No differences in in-hospital complications or in mortality were observed between CAIE and CPIE, even after adjusting for therapeutic management. Conclusions Compared to CAIE, CPIE presented a more frequent involvement of prosthetic valves, a longer course of symptoms before admission and a bigger proportion of persistently positive blood cultures. In-hospital complications and mortality were similar between the two groups. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Table 1. Population characteristicsFigure 1. Valve involvement distribution

Racial Differences in In-Hospital Outcomes after the Use of Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support as a Bridge to Heart Transplant

Purpose The use of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) as a bridge to heart transplant (HTx) (BTT) has increased over time, especially after implementation of the new adult heart allocation system. We sought to assess if racial differences existed in in-hospital outcomes among patients BTT with a tMCS. Methods The National Inpatient Sample was queried for all patients who were BTT with a tMCS [intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP), percutaneous left-ventricular assist device (PVAD), or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)] between 2008 and 2017. Patients were stratified by race and evaluated for in-hospital, death, MACE, discharge disposition, and costs. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality for each of the tMCS devices. Results Out of 5,063 HTx, 17.8% (901) who were bridged with a tMCS (IABP 577, ECMO 366, PVAD 80). The incidence of MACE (9.7% White vs. 8.6% Black vs. 9.0% Hispanic vs. 7.6% Others; p value 0.520), non-home discharge (17.5% White vs. 17.1% Black vs. 12.6% Hispanic vs. 15.5% Others; p value 0.056) and procedural costs [White $354,406.72 vs. Black $329,752.47 vs. Hispanic $482,146.45 vs. Others $384,841.00; p value p Conclusion Among patients BTT with a tMCS, there was no racial difference in in-hospital complications or death, irrespective of the type of tMCS used. With the recent change in the transplant allocation system, the use of tMCS as a BTT has increased, and the results herein highlight that in-patient outcomes prior to the allocation system change are similar among racial groups and may ensure equitable access to transplantation in the new system.

Treatments and outcomes of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: 295 cases from a nationwide inpatient database in Japan.

The number of patients undergoing renal replacement therapy is increasing. We evaluated the practice patterns and outcomes of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Using a Japanese national inpatient database, we identified 295 patients with EPS who were hospitalized from July 2010 to March 2017. We categorized them into four groups: those who underwent surgery only (n = 39), those who received corticosteroid treatment only (n = 70), those who underwent both (n = 30), and those who underwent neither (n = 156). We investigated their characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. More than half of patients were males and never-smokers and had a normal body mass index. Patients tended to undergo parenteral nutrition for 2 months. The proportions of emergency admission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, central venous catheterization, catecholamine use, mechanical ventilation, and continuous hemodiafiltration were significantly different among the four groups (61%, 8.1%, 37.0%, 44.0%, 8.8%, and 5.8%, respectively). The both-treatment group had a significantly longer hospital stay (37.0 vs. 37.5 vs. 72.5 vs. 31.0 days, p < 0.001) and higher costs (US$16,554 vs. US$17,029 vs. US$33,757 vs. US$13,983, p < 0.001) than the other groups. In total, 52 patients (18%) died during hospitalization. There was no significant difference in inhospital complications and death, discharge status, 30-day readmission, or length of ICU stay among the four groups. Our findings provide useful information for clinicians and patients hospitalized for treatment of EPS.

P1795Impact of severe aortic stenosis treatment strategy in low-risk patients: a propensity matched analysis of surgical aortic valve replacement versus transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Abstract Introduction Recent studies suggest that transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) benefits might extend to lower risk patients. Our goal was to compare the impact of treatment strategy in mortality and peri-procedural complications in a low-risk severe aortic stenosis population. Methods Single-center retrospective study which screened patients undergoing intervention from June/2009 to July/2016 (682 isolated aortic valve replacement patients) and from June/2009 to July/2017 (400 TAVI patients). Low-risk was defined as EuroScore II &lt;4% for single non-CABG procedure. After excluding patients with EuroScore II ≥4%, previous cardiac surgery and/or undergoing pre-treatment PCI, 544 AVR and 119 TAVI patients were included. TAVI patients were propensity score paired in a 1:1 ratio with a group of AVR patients, matched by age, NYHA class, diabetes mellitus, COPD, atrial fibrillation, creatinine clearance and LVEF &lt;50% (mean standardized difference &lt;10% for matching variables). All patients completed at least 1 year of follow-up. Outcomes were adjudicated according to VARC2 criteria. Results A total of 158 patients (79 AVR and 79 TAVI) were matched (mean age 79±6 years, 79 men). Median EuroScore II was 2.3% (IQR 1.6–3.0%), 46% were in NYHA class ≥3 and 91% had preserved ejection fraction. Main comorbidities were hypertension (n=105, 67%), diabetes mellitus (n=48, 30%), COPD (n=35, 22%) and coronary artery disease (n=30, 19%). Most patients had at least mild renal function impairment and median creatinine clearance was 58 ml/min (IQR 43–62 ml/min). The 30-day mortality was 2.5% (n=2 in each group) and there were no differences in in-hospital complications. During a median follow-up of 3.8 years (IQR 2.1–6.1), 67 deaths occurred (39 on the AVR group and 28 on the TAVI group), and treatment strategy did not influence all-cause mortality (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.60–1.60, log rank p=0.92) - figure 1. By multivariate analysis, need for dialysis during hospitalization remained the only independent predictor of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 6.40, 95% CI 1.57–28.14, p=0.01). Figure 1 Conclusion In this low-risk matched population, treatment strategy did not influence mortality neither complications. Older age, higher NYHA class and renal impairment were the main contributors to the predicted surgical risk. These results suggest that both options are safe for low-risk patients, even though Heart Team remains essential to contemplate other variables that might alter patient management.

Sex Differences in In-hospital Complications Among Older Adults After Traumatic Brain Injury

BackgroundOlder adults have the highest rates of hospitalization and mortality after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and suffer poorer outcomes compared with younger adults with similar injuries. Non-neurological complications can significantly impact outcomes. Evidence suggests that women may have better outcomes after TBI. However, sex differences in in-hospital complications among older adults after TBI have not been studied. The objective of this study was to assess sex differences in in-hospital complications after TBI among adults aged 65 y and older. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults aged ≥65 y treated for isolated moderate to severe TBI at the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center between 1996 and 2012. Using the Shock Trauma Center registry, we identified TBI using the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes and required an abbreviated injury scale head score ≥3, abbreviated injury scale scores for other body regions ≤2, and a blunt injury mechanism. We searched the Shock Trauma Center registry for the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes representing in-hospital complications. ResultsOf 2511 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 1283 (51.1%) were men and 635 (25.1%) developed an in-hospital complication. Men were more likely than women to develop an in-hospital complication (28.1% versus 22.0, P < 0.001). In an adjusted analysis, men were at increased risk of any in-hospital complication (hazards ratio 1.23; 95% confidence interval 1.05, 1.44) compared with women. ConclusionsOlder men were more likely to have any in-hospital complications than women.

Left main and/or three-vessel disease in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and low-risk GRACE score: Prevalence, clinical outcomes and predictors

IntroductionA low-risk GRACE score identifies patients with a lower incidence of major cardiac events, however it can erroneously classify patients with severe coronary artery disease as low-risk. We assessed the prevalence, clinical outcomes and predictors of left main and/or three-vessel disease (LM/3VD) in non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients with a GRACE score of ≤108 at admission. MethodsUsing data from the Portuguese Registry on Acute Coronary Syndromes, 1196 patients with NSTEMI and a GRACE score of ≤108 who underwent coronary angiography were studied. Independent predictors of LM/3VD and its impact on in-hospital complications and one-year mortality were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsLM/3VD was present in 18.2% of patients. Its prevalence was higher in males and associated with hypertension, diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, heart failure and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Although there were no differences in in-hospital complications, these patients had higher mortality (0.9 vs. 0.0%) and more major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (4.1 vs. 2.5%, p=0.172), and higher one-year mortality (2.4 vs. 0.5%, p=0.005). Independent predictors of LM/3VD were age (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.0, p=0.003), male gender (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.56-4.17, p<0.001), heart rate (1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03, p<0.001), PAD (OR 3.21; 95% CI 1.47-7.00, p<0.001) and heart failure (OR 3.38; 95% CI 1.02-11.15, p=0.046). ConclusionsLM/3VD was found in one in five patients. These patients had a tendency for higher in-hospital mortality and more MACCE, and higher one-year mortality. Simple clinical variables could help predict this severe coronary anatomy.