Differences In Emotion Regulation Research Articles

Regulasi Emosi Ditinjau Dari Parental Bonding Pada Remaja Pengguna Napza

This study aims to see differences in emotional regulation in terms of parental bonding in adolescents using drugs in West Sumatra. Respondents in this study were 40 adolescents using drugs in West Sumatra with an age range of 13-22 years that have high score in parental bonding instrument (PBI). Data collection used the parental bonding instrument (PBI) scale and the emotional regulation scale with the Likert scale model. The data analysis technique used in this research is the one way ANOVA statistical analysis technique. The results showed that there were differences in emotional regulation in terms of parental bonding in adolescents using drugs in West Sumatra with a significance value of 0.007> 0.05. With the empirical mean calculation of 20% in the optimal parenting type, 2.5% in the affectionless control type, 5% of the people in the affectionate constrain type and 72.5% o in the neglected protection type.

Emotion regulation in 7‐year‐old children with familial high risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared to controls – The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study – VIA 7, a population‐based cohort study

Emotion regulation is a predictor of overall life outcome. Problems of emotion regulation are associated with multiple psychiatric disorders and could be a potential treatment target for improving well-being and functioning. Children at familial high risk of severe mental illness have a markedly increased risk of various psychopathology and constitute a group at significant risk of emotion regulation problems. Investigations of emotion regulation in children at familial high risk of severe mental illness are sparse. We applied an instrument for assessing emotion regulation, the Tangram Emotion Coding Manual (TEC-M), to a population-based cohort of 522 7-year-old children born to parents diagnosed with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and matched controls. The TEC-M is an ecologically valid, clinician-rated observational test measure of spontaneous emotion regulation. We aimed to compare emotion regulation between risk groups and to investigate associations between emotion regulation and psychopathology and daily life functioning, and between emotion regulation and an acknowledged questionnaire-based dysregulation profile. In this early developmental phase, we found no between group differences in emotion regulation. We found a significant but weak negative association between emotion regulation and both child psychopathology and the presence of a dysregulation profile on the Child Behavior Checklist and a weak positive association between emotion regulation and current level of functioning. These findings contribute to the understanding of emotion regulation in familial high-risk children and further studies of emotion regulation in children at familial high risk of severe mental illness are warranted.

Social connectedness, emotional regulation, and health behaviors as correlates of distress during lockdown for COVID-19: A diary study.

Mass lockdowns are a powerful infection‐reduction strategy but are a significant stressor. This study aimed to explore whether various factors known to predict distress in normal contexts (e.g. social connectedness, emotional‐regulation strategies, and health‐related behaviors) are associated with daily distress under lockdown conditions. A time‐based diary study evaluated how perceived social connectedness, health‐promoting, and risk behaviors predicted within‐person and between‐person psychological distress. One hundred and nine adults completed surveys on these variables daily for 15 days while under stringent COVID‐19 lockdown in Colombia. Emotional suppression and reappraisal were measured at the start of the study to explore whether they predicted distress. Distress was lower on the days that people experienced greater social connectedness (within‐person analyses) but was not significantly predicted by between‐participant differences in emotional regulation. Health‐promoting behaviors such as exercising and meaningful activity were associated with lower distress, while watching COVID‐19 news and eating high‐calorie food were associated with higher distress. Looking at individual dynamics provides meaningful insights on daily behaviors associated with distress that might improve people's wellbeing during lockdown, such as social connectedness, meaningful activity, nutrition, exercise, and minimizing news exposure. Future research with alternative designs will enable causal conclusions to be drawn.

Emotion regulation among Chinese and German children and adolescents: a binational comparative study

Emotion regulation has been a central research topic in developmental psychology and psychopathology for several decades. Habitual use of adaptive (e.g., cognitive reappraisal) or maladaptive strategies (e.g., expressive suppression) may influence psychosocial adjustment in children and adolescents. Despite consensus on the influence of culture on emotion regulation, little is known about cultural differences in emotion regulation in children and adolescents. In this study, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) was used and tested for its measurement invariance between Chinese and German children and adolescents. Cultural similarities and differences in the use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were examined, as well as the associations of these strategies with behavior problems and prosocial behavior. The sample consisted of 765 Chinese and 431 German students (Mage = 12.46 years, SD = 1.12). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed partial scalar measurement invariance of the ERQ-CA. A latent mean comparison showed more frequent use of both strategies in Chinese compared to German students. The results of the multi-group structural equation model showed similar patterns of relationships between emotion regulation strategies and youth behavior across groups. Cognitive reappraisal was associated with fewer behavior problems and more prosocial behavior, whereas expressive suppression was related to more behavior problems. In summary, the current findings indicate that the ERQ-CA allows comparisons of emotion regulation between Chinese and German children and adolescents. Furthermore, the relevance of the cultural context for emotion regulation and the promotion of adaptive regulation strategies is highlighted.

What Do We Know About Aging and Emotion Regulation?

Older adults report surprisingly positive affective experience. The idea that older adults are better at emotion regulation has emerged as an intuitively appealing explanation for why they report such high levels of affective well-being despite other age-related declines. In this article, I review key theories and current evidence on age differences in the use and effectiveness of emotion-regulation strategies from a range of studies, including laboratory-based and experience sampling. These studies do not yet provide consistent evidence for age differences in emotion regulation and thus do not clearly support the assertion that older adults are better at emotion regulation. However, current approaches may be limited in describing and testing possible age-related changes in emotion regulation. Future work will need to more directly investigate individual trajectories of stability and change in emotion-regulation strategy use and effectiveness over time and also consider the possible roles of context, physiological reactivity, neural changes, acceptance, and personality.

Higher heart rate variability predicts better affective interaction quality in non-intimate social interactions.

Adaptive emotional responding is crucial for psychological well-being and the quality of social interactions. Resting heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic nervous system activity, has been suggested to index individual differences in emotion regulation (ER). As non-intimate social interactions require more regulatory efforts than intimate social interactions, we predicted that the association between HRV and affective interaction quality is moderated by the perceived intimacy of the exchange. Thus, we expected higher HRV to be particularly beneficial for affective interaction quality in non-intimate social interactions. Resting HRV was measured in the laboratory (N=144). Subsequently, participants reported their affective interaction quality-as indicated by more positive and fewer negative emotions perceived in the self and the other-during an experience-sampling social interaction diary task. As predicted, in non-intimate interactions, individuals with higher HRV reported more positive and fewer negative emotions and perceived fewer negative emotions in their interaction partners. The results provide further insights into the relationship between HRV and emotional experiences during social interactions.

P4. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation in Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

The ability to successfully regulate emotions is associated with greater resilience to psychopathology. There is evidence that individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) tend to have higher levels of negative emotions and decreased ability to regulate emotions compared to individuals without SUDs. In this study, we attempted to systematically review the literature to analyze differences in emotion regulation between adults with and without SUDs.

Interpersonal emotion regulation strategy choice in younger and older adults

ABSTRACT When managing their emotions, individuals often recruit the help of others; however, most emotion regulation research has focused on self-regulation. Theories of emotion and aging suggest younger and older adults differ in the emotion regulation strategies they use when regulating their own emotions. If how individuals regulate their own emotions and the emotions of others are related, these theorised age differences may also emerge for interpersonal emotion regulation. In two studies, younger and older adults’ intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation strategy choices were examined via self-report and behavioural assessments of regulating the emotions of another participant (Study 1; N = 80) and of a virtual human (Study 2; N = 100). Across both studies, younger adults reported greater intrapersonal suppression but not greater reappraisal. Younger and older adults were generally similar (supported by Bayesian analyses) for both self-reported and behavioural interpersonal emotion regulation strategies. Behavioural interpersonal emotion regulation was not related to self-reported intra- and interpersonal preferences. These results suggest interpersonal emotion regulation in ageing may show distinct patterns from theorised age differences in intrapersonal emotion regulation.

Neural and self-report indices of cognitive reappraisal moderate the association between sensitivity to uncertain threat and problem alcohol use

Exaggerated reactivity to threats that are uncertain (U-threat) is a risk factor for problem alcohol use. Data suggest that exaggerated reactivity to U-threat is associated with chronic anxiety and motivation for coping-oriented drinking. Not all individuals with high U-threat reactivity engage in excessive drinking and theory and research suggest that individual differences in emotion regulation, particularly frequency and effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal, are potential moderators of this well-established link. The aim of the current study was to test this hypothesis using a multimodal laboratory design. A total of 83 volunteers with depression and/or anxiety completed a well-validated threat sensitivity task and two complimentary assessments of cognitive reappraisal. Threat sensitivity was measured using startle eyeblink potentiation during threat-of-electric shock. Cognitive reappraisal was measured using self-report and estimates of prefrontal cortex activation (PFC; i.e., ventrolateral, dorsolateral and dorsomedial) during instructed reappraisal during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results revealed self-reported and PFC indices of reappraisal were correlated within-subjects. Additionally, self-reported and ventrolateral (vlPFC) activation during reappraisal moderated the association between reactivity to U-threat and problem alcohol use. Across both measures, at low engagement in reappraisal, greater startle reactivity to U-threat was associated with greater problem alcohol use. At high engagement in reappraisal, there was no association between U-threat reactivity and problem alcohol use. Together, the findings reveal that exaggerated reactivity to U-threat may be a particularly robust risk factor for problem alcohol use in the context of impaired or ineffective emotion regulation.

Individual differences in emotion regulation and cardiovascular responding to stress.

Instructed use of reappraisal to regulate stress in the laboratory is typically associated with a more adaptive cardiovascular response to stress, indexed by either (a) lower cardiovascular reactivity (CVR; e.g., lower blood pressure) or (b) a challenge-oriented response profile (i.e., greater cardiac output paired with lower total peripheral resistance). In contrast, instructed use of suppression is associated with exaggerated CVR (e.g., greater heart rate, blood pressure). Despite this, few studies have examined if the habitual use of these strategies are related to cardiovascular responding during stress. The current study examined the relationship between cardiovascular responses to acute stress and individual differences in emotion regulation style: trait reappraisal, suppression, and emotion regulation difficulties. Forty-eight participants (25 women, 23 men) completed a standardized laboratory stress paradigm incorporating a 20-minute acclimatization period, a 10-minute baseline, and two 5-minute speech tasks separated by a 10-minute intertask rest period. The emotional valence of the speech task was examined as a potential moderating factor; participants spoke about a block of negative-emotion words and a block of neutral-emotion words. Cardiovascular parameters were measured using the Finometer Pro. Greater habitual use of suppression was associated with exaggerated blood pressure responding to both tasks. However, only in response to the negative-emotion task was greater use of reappraisal associated with a challenge-oriented cardiovascular response. The findings suggest that individual differences in emotion regulation translate to differing patterns of CVR to stress, but the emotional valence of the stressor may play a role. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Effects of Electroencephalogram Biofeedback on Emotion Regulation and Brain Homeostasis of Late Adolescents in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback training for emotion regulation and brain homeostasis on anxiety about COVID-19 infection, impulsivity, anger rumination, meta-mood, and self-regulation ability of late adolescents in the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic situation. A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants included 55 late adolescents in the experimental and control groups. The variables were evaluated using quantitative EEG at pre-post time points in the experimental group. The experimental groups received 10 sessions using the three-band protocol for five weeks. The collected data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, t-test and paired t-test using the SAS 9.3 program. The collected EEG data used a frequency series power spectrum analysis method through fast Fourier transform. Significant differences in emotion regulation between the two groups were observed in the anxiety about COVID-19 infection (W = 585.50, p = .002), mood repair of meta-mood (W = 889.50, p = .024), self-regulation ability (t = -5.02, p < .001), self-regulation mode (t = -4.74, p < .001), and volitional inhibition mode (t = -2.61, p = .012). Neurofeedback training for brain homeostasis was effected on enhanced sensory-motor rhythm (S = 177.00, p < .001) and inhibited theta (S = -166.00, p < .001). The results demonstrate the potential of EEG biofeedback training as an independent nursing intervention that can markedly improve anxiety, mood-repair, and self-regulation ability for emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Differences in Regulation of Emotions Based on Age Range and Gender in Adolescents at Uswatun Khasanah Orphanage Samarinda

Adolescence shows changes in emotional characteristics that tend to be unstable, where adolescence is considered a period of hurricane storms. Changes in the stages of this developmental body when viewed from the characteristics, it is not known for sure whether there are differences between groups of male and female adolescents and the age level (early, middle and late) in these adolescents. This study aims to describe the picture and determine the differences in emotional regulation in terms of gender and age range in adolescents at the Uswatun Khasanah Orphanage in Samarinda. The research respondents were 104 which were divided by gender and age range. This study uses emotion regulation instruments that refer to standard research and tools. This research approach uses quantitative descriptive-comparative research. The results showed that there were differences in the emotional regulation of gender in adolescents at the Uswatun Khasanah in Samarinda orphanage with a value of sig (2 tailed) = 0.000. Other results show that there are differences in emotional regulation with values ​​of sig (2 tailed) = 0.005, 0.001 and 0.000 in terms of the age range of early, middle and late adolescents at the Uswatun Khasanah Orphanage. Recommendations for further research to compare groups of adolescents who are in orphanages and adolescents who live with their parents, with a larger and more evenly distributed number of respondents, are important suggestions for future research

Racial and ethnic differences in emotion regulation: A systematic review.

Emotion regulation is a transdiagnostic mechanism with relevance to the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of a wide range of clinically relevant outcomes. This study applied systematic review methods to summarize the existing literature examining racial and ethnic differences in emotion regulation. We systematically searched four electronic databases (PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL Plus) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Of the initial 1253 articles, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Findings for emotion regulation strategies generally provide evidence for racial/ethnic differences (71% of reviewed studies), with ethnoracial minorities largely exhibiting greater use of emotion regulation strategies. Whereas the results for emotion regulation potential were slightly more mixed (63% of reviewed studies found racial/ethnic differences), ethnoracial minorities were also largely found to report lower emotion regulation potential. This review advances the literature by providing additional support for racial and ethnic differences in emotion regulation.

Supplemental Material for Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation and Cardiovascular Responding to Stress

Supplemental Material for Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation and Cardiovascular Responding to Stress

Smiling won't necessarily make you feel better: Response-focused emotion regulation strategies have little impact on cognitive, behavioural, physiological, and subjective outcomes

Background and objectivesResponse-focused emotion regulation (RF-ER) strategies may alter people's evoked emotions, influencing intrapersonal outcomes. Researchers have found that participants engaging in expressive suppression (ES; a RF-ER strategy) experience increased sympathetic nervous system arousal, affect, and lowered memory accuracy. It is unclear, however, whether all RF-ER strategies exert maladaptive effects. Expressive dissonance (ED; displaying an expression opposite from how one feels) is a RF-ER strategy, and likely considered “maladaptive”. As outlined by the facial feedback hypothesis, however, smiling may increase positive emotion, suggesting it may be an adaptive strategy. We compared the effects of ED and ES to a control condition on psychophysiology, memory, and affect, to assess whether ED is an adaptive RF-ER strategy, relative to ES, in response to negative stimuli. We recruited women only to account for known gender-based differences in emotion regulation. MethodsWe randomly assigned 144 women-identifying participants to engage in ED, ES, or to naturally observe, while viewing negative and arousing images. We recorded electrodermal activity and self-reported affect throughout and participants completed memory tasks after the picture task. ResultsWe ran a series of repeated measures and one-way ANOVAs and found no differences between groups across outcomes. LimitationsThe generalizability of our findings may be limited to young, undergraduate women. ConclusionEngaging in ES or ED may not differentially impact outcomes among young, undergraduate women, shedding doubt on a conclusion in past literature that specific strategies are categorically adaptive or maladaptive. Future research exploring RF-ER strategies among diverse populations is warranted.

Ignore the faces: Neural characterisation of emotional inhibition from childhood to adulthood using MEG.

The ability to effectively and automatically regulate one's response to emotional information is a basic, fundamental skill for social functioning. The neural mechanisms underlying emotion regulation processing have been assessed, however few investigations have leveraged neurophysiological techniques, particularly magnetoencephalography (MEG) to determine the development of this critical ability. The current MEG study is the first to examine developmental changes in the neural mechanisms supporting automatic emotion regulation. We used an emotional go/no‐go task with happy and angry faces in a single‐site cohort of 97 healthy participants, 4–40 years of age. We found age‐related changes as a function of emotion and condition in brain regions key to emotion regulation, including the right inferior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortices and primarily right‐lateralized temporal areas. Interaction effects, including an age by emotion and condition, were also found in the left angular gyrus, an area critical in emotion regulation and attention. Findings demonstrate protracted and nonlinear development, due to the adolescent group, of emotion regulation processing from child to adulthood, and highlight that age‐related differences in emotion regulation are modulated by emotional face type.

Feeling better or not: Adjusting affective style moderates the association between sleep duration and positive affect on next day.

Affect is intertwined with sleep, yet how to adjust sleep duration to enhance affect remains unknown. Previous studies found that adjusting affective style, reflecting interindividual differences in emotion regulation, functions in processes where sleep modulates our affective state. Hence, this study examined whether and how it moderates the association between daily sleep duration and subsequent affect. An ambulatory assessment design was employed among 64 participants, wherein both within-person sleep duration and affect, and between-person affective styles were measured. Multilevel moderation analysis and simple-slope analysis were applied to test the moderation of adjusting affective style in the sleep-affect association. This study found that adjusting affective style significantly moderated the association between sleep duration and subsequent positive affect. Specifically, the association between sleep duration and subsequent positive affect was positive under higher adjusting affective style and negative under extremely lower adjusting affective style. However, such moderation was not observed in associations between subsequent negative affect and sleep duration. This study uncovers the relationship between sleep duration and subsequent affect, wherein the likelihood for individuals to reach more positive affective state by increasing sleeping duration might count on their ability of emotion regulation. Additionally, negative affect cannot be downregulated simply through long sleep duration.

The Difference in Aggression and Emotion Regulation on Adolescent Cyberbullying Perpetrators

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This study aims to empirically examine the differences in emotional regulation and aggression in adolescent male and female cyberbullying perpetrators. The participants in this study are adolescent cyberbullies in the Pati Residency within 10-22 years of age. This is quantitative research with data collection tools used to measure the scales of cyberbullying behavior, emotional regulation, and aggression. Sampling uses a quota sampling technique to identify 200 people, consisting of 100 boys and 100 girls, as cyberbullying perpetrators who resided in the Pati Residency (Rembang, Blora, Pati, Kudus, Jepara). The data analysis method uses the t-test technique. The results show significant differences in emotional regulation and aggression in adolescent male and female cyberbullying perpetrators. The first analysis demonstrates no significant difference between emotional regulation in adolescent male and female cyberbullying perpetrators, while the second analysis shows significant differences between aggression in male and female cyberbullying perpetrators, where the aggression of males is higher than females.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: emotion regulation, aggression, cyberbullying, adolescents&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response self-reporters showed higher scores for cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy.

BackgroundAutonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) describes the experience of a pleasant tingling sensation along the back of the head, accompanied with a feeling of well-being and relaxation, in response to specific audio-visual stimuli, such as whispers, soft sounds, and personal attention. Previous works have assessed individual variations in personality traits associated with ASMR, but no research to date has explored differences in emotion regulation associated with ASMR. This omission occurred even when ASMR, a sensory-emotional experience, has been proposed to be located in a sound sensitivity spectrum as the opposite end of misophonia, a phenomenon associated with difficulties regulating emotions. The present work aimed to assess group differences between ASMR self-reporters and non-ASMR controls associated with emotion regulation strategies.MethodsWe used the validated Spanish version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to assess individual differences in the use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression.ResultsOur results showed that participants who experience ASMR had higher scores in the cognitive reappraisal subscale of the emotion regulation questionnaire than the non-ASMR group.ConclusionsIndividuals who experience ASMR reported higher use of cognitive reevaluation of emotionally arousing situations, suggesting more effectiveness in regulating emotions. Our finding further elucidates individual differences related to this experience, supporting that ASMR is a real psychophysiological phenomenon associated with other psychological constructs and has remarkable consequences in affective/emotional dimensions and general well-being.

Loneliness and emotion regulation

Loneliness is a risk factor for mental disorders and is a significant and growing public health issue, but to date, loneliness interventions have had limited success. We propose that an emotion regulation perspective might be useful for understanding loneliness and for suggesting new treatment targets. In this study, our aim was to test the basis for this proposal by examining whether individual differences in emotion regulation strategy use can explain significant variance in loneliness, and to establish what profile of strategy use might characterize loneliness. We administered a comprehensive battery of loneliness and emotion regulation questionnaires to 501 adults. In a regression model, emotion regulation strategy use accounted for over half (52.2%) the variance in loneliness. A latent profile analysis revealed four profiles, with the “high loneliness” profile characterized cognitively by greater use of rumination, catastrophising, blame-attribution, and lesser use of cognitive reappraisal type strategies. Behaviorally, loneliness was characterised by greater use of expressive suppression, and regulating emotions by actively rejecting or withdrawing from others. We conclude that individual differences in emotion regulation may play an important role in explaining loneliness, and could therefore represent a promising treatment target.