Differences In Consumption Patterns Research Articles

CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS AND PARENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS (DM)

Teenagers more often consume foods that are high in fat and glucose than vegetable and fruit consumption. This can trigger the onset of diabetes mellitus, especially in adolescents who have Diabetes Mellitus (DM) parents. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in consumption patterns and status between adolescents and parents of DM and not DM. This cross sectional study involved 42 adolescents as samples, consisting of 21 adolescents with DM parents and 21 adolescents who were not DM parents, randomly using simle rendom sampling technique, the differences between variables were analyzed using the Independent T-test and Mann Whitney test (α=0.05). The results showed that there were no differences in the consumption patterns of high Glycaemic Index (GI) foods (p = 0.229) and fruit and vegetables (p = 0.14) between adolescents with DM parents and non-DM parents, but adolescents with DM parents tended to consume more high GI foods than adolescents with non-DM parents. There were differences in nutritional status between adolescents with DM parents and non-DM parents (p = 0.036). The conclusion of this study is that most adolescents with DM parents are very overweight at the time of nutritional status. In adolescents, it is necessary to reduce the frequency of consumption of foods with high IG and to increase the consumption of fruit and vegetables and physical activity, especially in adolescents with DM parents.

A national assessment of the economic and wellbeing impacts of recreational surfing in Australia

Surfing is a cultural ecosystem service, providing recreational benefits to over 50 million people worldwide and fostering economic activity through retail and tourism industries. Despite its growing popularity and threats to natural environments, surfing’s economic and social impacts remain sparsely documented. This study provides a nationwide assessment of surfing’s impact on Australia’s economy and participants’ wellbeing, using an online survey of Australian surfers (n=569). Domestic surf-related expenditure was estimated at A$3719 per surfer per year, including retail (A$1858) and travel (A$1861). Heterogeneity analyses reveal differences in expenditure patterns across regions, age groups and modalities of engagement in the sport. Aggregating across a population of 727,328 Australian adult surfers, the direct input into the market economy is estimated at A$2.71 billion per year. Standardized wellbeing measures indicate that over 80 % of participants experience positive effects from surfing, particularly in community connectedness, physical, and mental health. However, major concerns exist regarding the sustainability of surfing environments due to erosion and overcrowding pressures. Following the SEEA EA’s ‘logic chain’ framework, this study provides a set of baseline results that may be inputted into accounting processes considering recreational ecosystems services. Further, the systematic approach used in this study could be replicated by comparative analyses across time and other prominent surf regions. As coastal areas worldwide urgently respond to climate threats and the need to support the ‘blue economy’, a better understanding the socio-economic values derived from ocean-based recreation can help inform coastal polices aimed at fostering more resilient environments.

ISLAMIC ECONOMIC REVIEW OF CONSUMPTION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW APPROACH

This research analyzes consumption studies from an Islamic economic perspective and a literature review perspective. The research method uses a qualitative type with a systematic literature review approach. The research results obtained from this literature review found that consumption is human nature to maintain life and is a very vital part of economic activity for human life. Islamic consumption theory limits consumption based on the concept of wealth and various types of consumption by Sharia principles for sustainability and the welfare of the ummah. Rapid economic growth and technological developments are causing changes in people’s consumption patterns. The main difference in consumption patterns in Islamic and conventional economics lies in the intention and approach to meeting life’s needs. Intentions and consumption methods to meet needs are critical in the Islamic economic system. Islamic economics does not place materialism as a guide to human life. Islam does not recognize the principle of materialism as conventional economics places consumption in the perspective of mere worldly satisfaction.

Who emits more emission? the association between CO2 emissions and socio-economics characteristics of Indonesian household

Much research has been done on identifying socio-economic household links in developed countries. However, the study of household carbon emission (HCE) levels and related variables still needs to be examined, especially in developing countries. The study uses an ordinary least squares model to pinpoint the socio-economic elements that affect a household's carbon emission levels. SUSENAS (National Socio-economic Survey) data from March 2019 and 2021, covering 655,694 households, were used. This study used ordinary least squares (OLS) for the regression and dominance analyses (DA) to determine the most crucial factors affecting the HCE. The household characteristics, individuals, and residential conditions are used to measure socio-economic situations. The DA analysis shows that income and household size are the most crucial determinants of HCE. The OLS analysis reveals that the income variable exhibits a non-linear relationship with HCE as an inverted U-shape in the total HCE and most consumption categories. Wealthier households generate higher levels of household carbon emissions than poorer households. The variable of household size demonstrates a positive relationship with the HCE. The composition of household members also significantly affects household carbon emission levels, where the presence of working members and toddlers tends to increase household carbon emissions. The research also finds differences in consumption patterns between urban and rural households, resulting in varying levels of carbon emissions. The findings of this study can assist policymakers in formulating targeted policies to reduce household carbon emissions.

Does being single bring freedom or burden? Examining the expenditure patterns of single-person households in Taiwan

This study utilizes data from Taiwan’s “The Survey of Family Income and Expenditure” from 2011 to 2021 to examine the differences in expenditure patterns between single-person households and multi-person households. The aim is to understand the impact of being single and living alone on living expenses. The estimation results indicate that, after controlling for other variables, single-person households spend significantly more on “housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels”, amounting to NT$67,920 per capita higher than other families. Additionally, per capita expenditures related to maintaining the living environment and daily operations are also significantly higher for single-person households. This shows the higher fixed cost of living alone without sharing expenses with others. However, single-person households have the advantage of being able to concentrate their expenses more on themselves. Significant higher per capita expenditures on several “treating oneself well” items demonstrate the freedom that comes with single living. On the other hand, the comparison of income elasticities shows that the expenditures of single-person households fluctuate more significantly, indicating higher financial risks.

Clustering of Countries Based on Fertilizer Consumption

Abstract This study investigates fertilizer consumption patterns across 41 countries from 1961 to 2021. Descriptive statistics reveal substantial variation in average fertilizer use (kg/hectare) and variability between countries. Statistical analyses confirm significant differences in consumption patterns, with fertilizer consumption identified as a major explanatory factor. Cluster analysis further differentiates countries into two groups based on their consumption levels. These findings highlight the need to consider fertilizer use within a country-specific context. Further research exploring the underlying factors driving these variations and their impact on crop yields could inform strategies for optimizing fertilizer use and promoting agricultural sustainability. JEL classification numbers: E18, HO, I1, J64, J88. Keywords: ANOVA, MANOVA, Cluster analysis, Inter and intra-cluster distance.

The Impact of Covid-19 on Consumption Patterns Among Malaysian Youths

This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption patterns of youth Malaysians, focusing on three important variables: changes in income, savings habits, and consumer credit. This study also aims to comprehensively understand the changing consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and the differences in consumption patterns between gender, living area, and educational level. As the primary method of data acquisition, 169 Malaysian youths aged 18 to 30 were administered a questionnaire. The findings revealed that changes in income, savings patterns, and consumer credit had a significant impact on the consumption patterns of Malaysian adolescents, thus concluding that the pandemic had a substantial impact on one’s financial behaviours. The results also revealed no significant difference in consumption patterns based on gender or residing area, but significant differences are obtained based on education level. Therefore, this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge regarding the effect of COVID-19 on consumption patterns and offers valuable guidance for various stakeholders in navigating the pandemic landscape.

Proton-Pump Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Erosive Esophagitis: A Real-World Scenario

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has three classical phenotypes, namely erosive esophagitis (EE), nonerosive reflux disease, and Barrett’s esophagus. Patients with GERD are managed with lifestyle changes, dietary interventions, and proton-pump inhibitors (PPI). Aim: To determine the patterns of PPI use in patients with documented EE. Methods: This prospective study recruited all patients with symptoms of GERD (heartburn and/or regurgitation with or without chest pain) and documented significant reflux esophagitis (Los Angeles grading LA-B or beyond on endoscopy). Lifestyle and dietary changes were initiated and all patients were prescribed twice daily PPI for 8 weeks. PPI was tapered as the requirement beyond 8 weeks. Follow-up was done at weeks 8, 12, and 24. The outcomes analysed included number of patients where complete PPI withdrawal was possible at week 24 and determinants of continued PPI use at 24 weeks of therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U-test, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study cohort included 53 patients-42 with reflux esophagitis LA-B and 11 with reflux esophagitis LA-C (median age 46 years [22–77 years]; 28 [52.3%] males). There was significant difference in consumption pattern of PPI between week 12 and 24 (P = 0.008). At week 12, 15.1% were off PPI and 67% required intermittent dosing. At week 24, 45.3% of cases were off PPI therapy and 43.4% required intermittent dosing. Only 11.3% patients continued drug use at once a day dosing. Lower body mass index (BMI) (P 0.01) and age (P 0.01) were linked with complete PPI withdrawal at week 24. Conclusion: The present study highlights that PPI withdrawal is possible in 15.1% and 45.3% cases with EE after week 12 and week 24 of therapy, respectively. Lower BMI and age are likely to be associated with PPI withdrawal at week 24.

Who's Most Exposed to International Shocks? Estimating Differences in Import Price Sensitivity across U.S. Demographic Groups

Differences in consumption patterns across demographic groups mean that international price shocks differentially affect such groups. We construct import price indexes for U.S. consumer groups that vary by age, race, sex, education, and urban status. Black consumers and college graduates experienced significantly higher import price inflation from 1996-2018 compared to other groups, such as high school dropouts, rural consumers, and consumers over 60. Sensitivity to international price shocks varies widely, implying movements in exchange rates and foreign prices, both during our sample and during the Covid-19 pandemic, drove sizable differences in import price inflation – and total inflation – across groups.

Perbedaan Pola Konsumsi Asupan Zat Gizi dan Status Gizi Siswa SMAIT Al Uswah Surabaya Yang Tinggal di Asrama dan Non Asrama

Adolescence is a period of nutritional vulnerability caused by changes in lifestyle, eating habits, and physical activity. This study aims to determine the differences in consumption patterns, nutrient intake and nutritional status of SMAIT Al Uswah Surabaya students who live in dormitories and non-dormitories. This study applied a cross sectional research design involving 80 respondents, including 40 dormitory students and 40 non-dormitory students. Samples were selected using purposive sampling technique with statistical analysis of Mann Whitney test. Consumption patterns were measured through interviews using the food frequency questionare (FFQ), nutrient intake was measured through interviews using the 3x24 hours food recall questionnaire, and nutritional status measured through direct measurement of body weight and height. The results showed 1) There were differences in consumption patterns in staple food groups, animal side dishes, and fruits; while there were no differences in consumption patterns in vegetable side dishes and vegetables between dormitory and non-dormitory students of SMAIT Al uswah Surabaya. 2) There are differences in the intake of nutrients in the energy, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, and zinc groups between boarding and non-dormitory students of SMAIT Al uswah Surabaya; while there are no differences in the intake of nutrients in the fat, vitamin B9, and calcium groups between boarding and non-dormitory students of SMAIT Al uswah Surabaya. 3) There are differences in the nutritional status of boarding and non-dorming students at SMAIT Al uswah Surabaya. The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in consumption patterns, nutrient intake, and nutritional status of SMAIT Al Uswah Surabaya students between those who live in dormitories and non-dormitories.

Taxing household energy consumption in the EU: The tax burden and its redistributive effect

The taxation of energy consumption is a central topic in current policy debate in the European Union. While raising energy taxation is part of the European Commission’s strategy for achieving its climate targets for 2030 and 2050, the ongoing dramatic increases in the price of energy products are resulting in calls to reduce taxation on them. Therefore, it is crucial to closely consider the tax burden and redistributive effects of energy taxation in order to design compensatory measures and ensure support for the green transition. In this paper, we use the EUROMOD microsimulation model to estimate the burden and the redistributive impact of energy consumption taxation on households across Member States. In doing so, we break down the roles played by differences in consumption patterns, rates of taxation (covering both excises and VAT) and their regressivity. Countries with the highest energy taxation are often not those where its tax burden on household income is the strongest. At the same time, the strongest redistributive impact is not always taking place in countries with the most regressive energy taxation.

Consumption Versus Sustainable Lifestyles of University Students

Community citizens practice a range of consumption behavioural patterns to meet their daily biological, social and cultural needs. Such consumption patterns include eating, drinking, buying, handling objects and the environment. Such daily consumption patterns are linked to individual everyday life and changes in his/her society including climate changes. Communities are supposed to practice sustainable lifestyles to keep a healthy environment and face the effects of climate change. The research aimed to study the consumption patterns of university students, and to identify the frequently experienced one. University Students Behavioural Consumption Patterns Scale was built. It is formed of 38 items assessing 4 consumption areas: (1) Food, (2) Purchasing, (3) Environmental practices, (4) Energy. Subjects’ response varies between Agree/Neutral/Disagree (3/2/1).810 student of different fields of study and grades in the faculty of Education Helwan University responded to the electronic version of the Students Behavioural Consumption Patterns Scale. There was no difference in consumption patterns according to Subjects` grade or gender. Their scores indicated an average consumption pattern in 88.2% of the subjects in the research sample (weighted average = 1.95). The energy field was the highest among the four consumer areas, with an average weighted = 2.35. Many of them estimated their consumption patterns between high (44.8%) and medium (53.1%).

Persistent organochlorine pesticides in periprostatic adipose tissue from men with prostate cancer: Ethno-geographic variations, association with disease aggressiveness

Although several studies have examined the relationship between organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk, no data are available concerning the association between OCPs concentrations in periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), which reflects cumulative exposure, and PCa aggressiveness. Moreover, no previous study has compared OCPs exposure in two distinct ethno-geographical populations. The objectives were to analyze OCPs in PPAT of PCa patients from either Mainland France or French West Indies in correlation with features of tumor aggressiveness, after adjusting for potential confounders such age, BMI, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of PPAT.PPAT was analyzed in 160 patients (110 Caucasians and 50 African-Caribbeans), 80 with an indolent tumor (ISUP group 1 + pT2), and 80 with an aggressive tumor (ISUP group more than 3 + pT3). The concentrations of 29 OCPs were measured in PPAT concomitantly with the characterization of PUFA content.Exposure patterns of OCPs differed according to the ethno-geographical origin. Most OCPs were found at higher concentration in Caucasian patients, whereas pp’-DDE content was twice as high in African-Caribbeans. Chlordecone was only detected in PPAT from African-Caribbean patients. Most OCP concentrations were positively correlated with age, and some with BMI. After adjusting for age, BMI, and PUFA composition of PPAT, no significant association was found between OCPs content and risk of aggressive disease, except of mirex which appeared inversely associated with aggressive features of PCa in Caucasian patients.These results highlight a significant ethno-geographic variation in internal exposure to OCPs, which likely reflects differences in consumption patterns. The inverse relationship observed between mirex concentration and markers of PCa aggressiveness need to be further investigated.

All-inclusive holiday packages, tourist consumption and spending patterns at tourism destinations

ObjetivoEl objetivo de este estudio es investigar los patrones de consumo de los turistas en destino en el contexto de los paquetes vacacionales combinados en diferentes categorías de complejos turísticos. Esta investigación persigue la adquisición de un conocimiento profundo del comportamiento de la demanda que permita la aplicación de políticas de precios que aumenten los beneficios mediante la orientación de ofertas con paquetes atractivos a segmentos específicos de turistas.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueEl estudio actual se basa en los datos recogidos a través de un cuasi-experimento centrado en el análisis de las diferencias en los patrones de consumo de los huéspedes del resort en los bares del mismo durante un período de dos años (temporadas de verano 2018 y 2019), antes y después de la introducción de un paquete de refrescos con todo incluido.onclusionesLos resultados del estudio informan sobre cómo aprovechar las estrategias de agrupación según los diferentes grados de conciencia de los precios asociados a la categoría del complejo turístico considerado. Una vez que llegan al destino, los huéspedes de los complejos turísticos de categoría superior son más propensos a no consumir los artículos incluidos en un paquete precomprado y a realizar un gasto adicional significativo en comparación con los turistas alojados en complejos turísticos económicos.OriginalidadNuestro cuasi-experimento examina empíricamente las pautas de consumo reales de los huéspedes en el destino, que apenas han sido examinadas. Este estudio contribuye además al reconocimiento de herramientas de gestión útiles: los profesionales de los complejos turísticos económicos deberían diseñar cuidadosamente el enfoque del paquete en términos de su contenido, mientras que el paquete mixto como forma de estrategia de agrupación debería favorecerse en los complejos turísticos de alto nivel.

문자 중심 텍스트와 영상 중심 텍스트의 구성 방식 비교 분석과 텍스트 생산자의 의미구성 전략 탐색

This study analyzes the characteristics of text-oriented text and image-oriented text composition methods and the differences in consumption patterns according to the main text composition styles based on the characteristics of mobile media. In this study, two blog platforms and one video platform were selected to compare the semantic construction methods of text-oriented text and image-oriented text. The subject and content of ‘specific analysis target’ were limited to two categories, ‘travel’ and ‘movie review’. ‘Travel’ and ‘movie review’ are traditionally the most talked about topics on blogs. As YouTube was recognized as a representative platform for one-person media, the number of channels dealing with travel vlogs as the main content increased significantly, and movie reviews were considered the most preferred cultural content by the public, and there are many related channels. The three analysis driftwoods extracted through continuous comparison of data analysis for the study subjects were categorized and repeated comparative analysis was performed. Among the analysis nomads, in the ‘text composition method’, character-oriented texts had very different formats depending on the characteristics of the blog platform. Vlogs, which are video-oriented texts, have a very high degree of multiplicity of forms compared to blogs. The vlog narrative has a clear overlap between mimetic narration and diegetic narration. In the ‘text consumption method’, the nature of the interface differs depending on the platform, and this has a certain effect on text consumption. Also, in the case of blogs, superficial reading and in-depth reading were selectively performed according to the characteristics of the platform. In the image-centered text, the possibility of affective and resonant reading was high through mimetic narration narrative and social object. In the ‘communication format’, as the PC-based blog entered the mobile era, the degree of interaction decreased, and in YouTube, interaction such as comments between producers and audiences was active.

Scavenger guild and consumption patterns of an invasive alien fish species in a Mediterranean wetland.

Invasive Alien Species (IAS) alter ecosystems, disrupting ecological processes and driving the loss of ecosystem services. The common carp Cyprinus carpio is a hazardous and widespread IAS, becoming the most abundant species in many aquatic ecosystems. This species transforms ecosystems by accumulating biomass to the detriment of other species, thus altering food webs. However, some terrestrial species, such as vertebrate scavengers, may benefit from dead carps, by incorporating part of the carp biomass into the terrestrial environment. This study describes the terrestrial vertebrate scavenger assemblage that benefits from carp carcasses in a Mediterranean wetland. We also evaluate the seasonal differences in the scavenger assemblage composition and carrion consumption patterns. Eighty carp carcasses (20 per season) were placed in El Hondo Natural Park, a seminatural mesohaline wetland in south‐eastern Spain, and we monitored their consumption using camera traps. We recorded 14 scavenger species (10 birds and four mammals) consuming carp carcasses, including globally threatened species. Vertebrates consumed 73% of the carrion biomass and appeared consuming at 82% of the carcasses. Of these carcasses consumed, 75% were completely consumed and the mean consumption time of carcasses completely consumed by vertebrates was 44.4 h (SD = 42.1 h). We recorded differences in species richness, abundance, and assemblage composition among seasons, but we did not find seasonal differences in consumption patterns throughout the year. Our study recorded a rich and efficient terrestrial vertebrate scavenger assemblage benefitting from carp carcasses. We detected a seasonal replacement on the scavenger species, but a maintenance of the ecological function of carrion removal, as the most efficient carrion consumers were present throughout the year. The results highlight the importance of vertebrate scavengers in wetlands, removing possible infectious focus, and moving nutrients between aquatic and terrestrial environments.

Adequacy Levels of Micronutrient as Risk Factors of Stunting in Toddlers in Pardasuka Village

Nutrition problems that are indicated by body size which is shorter than the toddlers' age are called stunting. Where the results of the pre-survey on 10 stunting toddlers in Pardasuka Village obtained an average level of vitamin A, zinc, and iron adequacy that is less than the RDA. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in adequacy levels of micronutrients (vitamin A, zinc, and iron) in toddlers aged 24-59 months with stunting and non-stunted conditions in Pardasuka village. The design used in this study was a case-control approach. The sample in this study amounted to 56 toddlers. Bivariate analysis in this study used the Chi-Square Test. Result : The results showed that there were differences between the case group and control group in vitamin A adequacy level with OR = 3.029 and p-value less than 0.05, zinc adequacy level with OR = 2,400 and p-value less than 0.05, and adequacy level iron value OR = 3.100 and p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion : there are differences in consumption patterns, levels of adequacy of macronutrients and micronutrients in stunted and non-stunted toddlers in Pekon Pardasuka

Disability Considerations for Measuring Poverty in Canada Using the Market Basket Measure

Persons with disability (PWD) in Canada experience disproportionately high poverty rates. Poverty measures are often used to benchmark income assistance levels and social policies across Canada. The Market Basket Measure (MBM) is the official poverty measure in Canada that accounts for differences in family composition and geography. It does not, however, account for cost-incurring factors like disabilities, despite the evidence of differences in daily living costs. PWD experiencing poverty have additional needs to reduce barriers to full participation in society that can translate to higher basic costs for daily living. Given that poverty measures like the MBM may assess eligibility for income support or eligibility for public housing, these measures need to reflect how the cost of living differs for PWD. To critically analyze disability-specific considerations for the Canadian poverty line, we assess the MBM within the context of persons with disabilities. To identify differences in consumption patterns and family composition for PWD, a population based cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2017 Canadian Survey on Disability. Analysis assessed for bias within the MBM based on the basket contents, family composition and disability severity. PWD experience two times higher poverty rates, worse housing outcomes and incur higher and additional expenses for basic needs of daily living than persons without disability. The MBM underestimates the true poverty rate for persons with disabilities as it does not account for all their additional costs and does not represent their average family composition.

The Effect of Nutrition Education with Monopoly and Leaflet on The Nutritional Knowledge Levels and Consumption Pattern Among 5th Grade Elementary School Students in Surabaya

In this era, many school-age children have unbalanced and unhealthy eating behaviors. Low nutritional knowledge levels cause the issues. This paper analyzes the differences in nutritional knowledge levels and consumption patterns before and after nutrition education with monopoly media and leaflets among 5th-grade elementary school students in Surabaya. The research method used a quasi-experimental design. The population was 170 5th grade elementary school students at SDN I and SDN II Surabaya. In addition, this study utilized probability sampling with a sample of 90 students. Next, data analysis used the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests with a significant level of α 0.05. There were differences in nutritional knowledge levels before and after nutrition education with monopoly media in both schools (p=0.000). Meanwhile, there were no differences in nutritional knowledge levels before and after nutrition education with leaflet media (SDN I Surabaya p=0.073 and SDN II Surabaya p=0.052). In addition, both schools had differences in consumption patterns before and after nutrition education with monopoly media (p=0.000). However, there were no differences in consumption patterns before and after nutrition education with leaflet media (at SDN I Surabaya p=0.301 and SDN II Surabaya p=0.307). Nutrition education with monopoly media is more effective in improving nutritional knowledge levels and consumption patterns than leaflet media in 5th-grade students. Further research could compare monopoly with other EGT (educational game tools, such as snakes and ladders nutrition or nutrition puzzle.

Ĉija je odgovornost? - evaluacija održivog razvoja turizma na Balatonu

Organisations play an important role in creating well-being of society and the environment. The main objective of the study is to map perspectives on sustainability among selected stakeholder groups including tourists/temporary visitors, local communities, and public and private decision-making professionals (public, non-profit, and for-profit) in the Lake Balaton region. The study is based on a combined methodology. First, insights from tourists and local residents were collected in a quantitative survey. Insights about sustainable tourism development from public, non-profit and for-profit tourism industry professionals were collected using semi-structured interviews. Results show that from an environmental perspective sustainable tourism represents nature-based tourism development. As regards a profit/economic perspective, buying local products and choosing locally owned restaurants, local markets play a significant role in the region. Differences in consumption patterns among locals and visitors are reflected in the lower need for off-season tourism offer. Interviewed stakeholders recognized the need for knowledge sharing and attitude forming.