Awareness Of Differences Research Articles

Exploring how Australian general practice registrars define cultural safety with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients: a mixed method study

BackgroundUnderstanding how the general practice medical workforce defines cultural safety may help tailor education and training to better enable community-determined culturally safe practice. This project seeks to explore how Australian general practice registrars define cultural safety with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients and alignment with an Australian community derived definition of cultural safety.MethodsThis mixed method study involved a survey considering demographic details of general practice registrars, questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews to explore how general practice registrars defined cultural safety and a culturally safe consultation.ResultsTwenty-six registrars completed the survey. Sixteen registrars completed both the survey and the interview.ConclusionThis study shows amongst this small sample that there is limited alignment of general practice registrars’ definitions of cultural safety with a community derived definition of cultural safety. The most frequently cited aspects of cultural safety included accessible healthcare, appropriate attitude, and awareness of differences.

Colitis in donkeys

The presentation of colitis in the donkey may differ from that in the horse. Donkeys typically mask signs of pain and illness, and diarrhoea is not common in colitis. Recognition, treatment and management of colitis requires an underlying understanding of donkey-specific behaviours and an awareness of differences in the pharmacokinetics of certain medications. Colitis may present comorbidly with other pathophysiology, and a careful stepwise diagnostic approach to the dull donkey is essential.

Training in the art and science of facilitation to scale research mentor training in low and middle income countries

Advancing biomedical research in low and middle income countries (LMICs) to expand the capacity for LMICs to integrate biomedical research into their health care systems and education has been the focus of many programs in global health over the past two decades. Central to the success of these programs is effective research mentoring, characterized by academic, career and psychosocial support through culturally appropriate practices. Research mentoring is a learned skill, developed through training, mutual discussions, practice and feedback. The majority of extant training programs are designed and delivered by US partners, so the next stage in building capacity is to train facilitators within the LMIC partner institutions to contextualize and advance mentoring specifically within their cultural and institutional norms by co-developing, delivering and evaluating semi-annual research mentoring training. To this end, we describe the development, delivery and outcome evaluation of a 5-week course in the art and skill of facilitation. Care was taken to explicitly distinguish between concepts of “teaching” and “facilitation,” since “teaching” is closely connected to a transmission or banking model of education, which is characterized by “top-down,” hierarchical relationship. The course discussed power and positionality, themes that resonate with partners in Nigeria and Tanzania. These themes provided unique entry into deeper conversations core to advancing mentoring practice away from the traditional dyadic power structure that remains from colonization. Evaluation findings indicate significant advances in awareness of differences between teaching and facilitating, increased confidence in facilitation skills, especially in the area of structured planning and organization, as well as improved communication and interpersonal skills. All respondents felt that students in Nigeria and Tanzania would respond well to the facilitation approach conveyed during the course and they found value in participating in the course as a cohort.

Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Women.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women globally. Numerous studies show ongoing disparities in diagnosis, management, and outcomes of ischemic heart disease in women compared to men. We aim to review the factors contributing to sex-based differential outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions in women. Hormonal influence on coronary arteries and progression of atherosclerosis in women results in distinct coronary plaque characteristics and unique pathological process such as spontaneous coronary artery dissection and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. During the presentation of acute coronary syndromes, women are older and have higher burden of comorbidities, with higher short- and long-term mortality. Awareness of differences in vascular biology and unique risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women is essential for sustained improvement in cardiovascular mortality. Better representation of women in trials is crucial to address the gaps in knowledge and allow for individualized treatment approaches in women.

Experiences and Perspectives of Children and Young People Living with Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-An Integrative Review.

Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) impacts the daily life of children and young people. This study aimed to describe the experiences and perspectives of children and young people living with cSLE. An integrative review guided by Whittemore and Knafl was conducted. Extant empirical research published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2021 on children's self-reported experiences living with cSLE was identified from Scopus, CINAHL, Medline via PubMed, and PsycINFO via Ovid databases. Nineteen studies involving over 1400 participants were included. Four themes and fourteen sub-themes were identified: (1) challenging symptoms (disruptions to life and altered self, severity, fatigue, depression, and anxiety), (2) medicines and side effects (dreaded steroids, conflicting feelings, and medication adherence), (3) complicated life (school sports and social, giving things up, lack of understanding, and quality of life) and (4) ways of coping (family and friends, relationships with health providers, and maintaining positivity). While cSLE shares many similarities with adult-onset SLE, awareness of differences in experiences and perceptions of children and young people is crucial. The significant psychological and social impact of the disease and its treatments necessitates a comprehensive, holistic approach to managing cSLE that considers the unique needs of youth.

FEATURES OF CONDUCTING PRESENTATIONS IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION CONDITIONS

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the development of communicative competence and intercultural abilities and skills of students of higher educational institutions of Ukraine in the conditions of international academic mobility and cross-cultural communication. Emphasis is placed on the need to introduce intercultural communication courses in the curriculum at the tertiary level in Ukraine, in particular, on the peculiarities of conducting presentations using modern multimedia tools. The urgency of this issue is due to the need for Ukrainian students to be aware of the values, traditions and norms of verbal and nonverbal cross-cultural communication in order to be successful in their academic and professional environment. The aim of the article was to highlight the specifics of intercultural aspects in the classroom using modern multimedia technologies. In our research we used interdisciplinary approaches, as well as theoretical and empirical methods: observation and generalization, and methods of deduction and systematization. Modern students represent a generation characterized by openness to the outside world and academic mobility. This means that awareness of differences in cultural norms, values, attitudes to the environment is absolutely necessary for effective interpersonal and cultural communication. Graduates of Ukrainian technical universities who have such skills will be especially valuable, as they will be able to use effective communication tools to present products created by Ukrainian companies and make them useful in foreign countries and vice versa. It is necessary to teach future professionals to use information technology in planning, organizing, editing materials for presentations of new products and especially when conducting them for different cultures.

Prodromal symptoms and the duration of untreated psychosis in first episode of psychosis patients: what differences are there between early vs. adult onset and between schizophrenia vs. bipolar disorder?

To assess the role of age (early onset psychosis-EOP < 18 years vs. adult onset psychosis-AOP) and diagnosis (schizophrenia spectrum disorders-SSD vs. bipolar disorders-BD) on the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and prodromal symptoms in a sample of patients with a first episode of psychosis. 331 patients with a first episode of psychosis (7–35 years old) were recruited and 174 (52.6%) diagnosed with SSD or BD at one-year follow-up through a multicenter longitudinal study. The Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia (SOS) inventory, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV diagnoses were administered. Generalized linear models compared the main effects and group interaction. 273 AOP (25.2 ± 5.1 years; 66.5% male) and 58 EOP patients (15.5 ± 1.8 years; 70.7% male) were included. EOP patients had significantly more prodromal symptoms with a higher frequency of trouble with thinking, avolition and hallucinations than AOP patients, and significantly different median DUP (91 [33–177] vs. 58 [21–140] days; Z = − 2.006, p = 0.045). This was also significantly longer in SSD vs. BD patients (90 [31–155] vs. 30 [7–66] days; Z = − 2.916, p = 0.004) who, moreover had different profiles of prodromal symptoms. When assessing the interaction between age at onset (EOP/AOP) and type of diagnosis (SSD/BD), avolition was significantly higher (Wald statistic = 3.945; p = 0.047), in AOP patients with SSD compared to AOP BD patients (p = 0.004). Awareness of differences in length of DUP and prodromal symptoms in EOP vs. AOP and SSD vs. BD patients could help improve the early detection of psychosis among minors.

Factor Affecting the Competing Capability of Natural Favor Product in The Global Market Under Digital Transformation: Evidence from Vietnam

This study aims to fill the gap in considering factors affecting the competing capability of Vietnamese natural flavor products under the digital transformation by discussing and testing the impact of 7 factors (research and development; market orientation; digital transformation; awareness of difference; substitute goods; product innovation; product differentiation) to the competing capability of natural flavor products. The test results with partial least squares structural modeling technique (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS software version 4 on a sample of 358 enterprises show that the hypotheses are supported by the data. Theoretically, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the concept of product competing capability. Practically, it helps managers identify that in order to improve product competing capability, it is necessary to recognize the factors affecting them. Keywords: Competing capability, factors, impacts, natural flavors, products.

IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DALAM KEGIATAN KHUTBATUL IFTITAH

Multicultural education is education that helps students to develop the ability to recognize, accept, appreciate and celebrate cultural diversity. At the Wali Songo Ngabar Islamic Boarding School, these multicultural values are manifested through the annual assembly activities within the framework of the santri introduction week. The purpose of this study is to identify the supporting factors for multicultural activities that are going well. This study uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. Collecting data in this study was carried out by interviews, observation, and documentation. This research was conducted through 3 stages namely observation, data analysis, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study found several things which were summarized into 3 important points supporting factors for best practice multicultural education at the Wali Songo Ngabar Islamic Boarding School, Ponorogo, namely (1) Awareness of differences; (2) Harmony and peace; (3) Motivation. These supporting factors need to be maintained so that other multicultural activities can be implemented better

Imaging of Intimate Partner Violence, From the AJR Special Series on Emergency Radiology.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a highly prevalent public health issue with multiple adverse health effects. Radiologists are well suited to assessing a patient's likelihood of IPV. Recognition of common IPV injury mechanisms and resulting target and defensive injury patterns on imaging and understanding of differences between patients who have experienced IPV and those who have not with respect to use of imaging will aid radiologists in accurate IPV diagnosis. Target injuries often involve the face and neck as a result of blunt trauma or strangulation; defensive injuries often involve an extremity. Awareness of differences in injury patterns resulting from IPV-related and accidental trauma can aid radiologists in detecting a mismatch between the provided clinical history and imaging findings to support suspicion of IPV. Radiologists should consider all available current and prior imaging in assessing the likelihood of IPV; this process may be aided by machine learning methods. Even if correctly suspecting IPV on the basis of imaging, radiologists face challenges in acting on that suspicion, including appropriately documenting the findings, without compromising the patient's confidentiality and safety. However, through a multidisciplinary approach with appropriate support mechanisms, radiologists may serve as effective frontline physicians for raising suspicion of IPV.

35050 How to manage psoriasis in patients with skin of color

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects diverse ethnic groups with a wide spectrum of skin colors. There are significant differences in how psoriasis presents and impacts the quality of life in nonwhite individuals. Genetic variations, cultural, and socioeconomic factors all play a role in such differences and have important implications for management of psoriasis in skin of color. Despite these differences, the current psoriasis management is similar across different ethnic backgrounds and is mainly guided by factors such as disease severity, medical comorbidities, and patient preferences. This is largely due to the lack of sufficient evidence for psoriasis treatment tailored for patients with skin of color as most clinical trials are composed of mainly white individuals. Therefore, the focus of this presentation is to comprehensively review the current evidence on how epidemiology, clinical presentation, and genetic differences in patients with skin of color with psoriasis may impact treatment strategies. Additionally, pharmacologic therapies available in literature to date in these diverse patient cohorts are summarized. Limited data published on this topic reveals a significant need for more investigations with the ultimate goal of incorporating recommendations for patients with skin of colour into the current guidelines for psoriasis treatment. Moreover, awareness of differences in psoriasis presentation among individuals with skin of color may support patients to seek medical care sooner, which could result in earlier diagnosis and lead to improved patient outcomes.

Dermatology: how to manage psoriasis and recognize differences in pathophysiology and presentation in patients with skin of colour.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects diverse ethnic groups with a wide spectrum of skin colours. There are significant differences in how psoriasis presents and impacts the quality of life in non-White individuals. Genetic variations as well as cultural and socioeconomic factors all play a role in such differences and have important implications for the management of psoriasis in skin of colour. Despite these differences, the current psoriasis management is similar across different ethnic backgrounds and is mainly guided by factors such as disease severity, medical comorbidities and patient preferences. This is largely due to the lack of sufficient evidence for psoriasis treatment tailored for patients with skin of colour as most clinical trials are composed of mainly White individuals. Therefore, the focus of this article is to review the current evidence on how epidemiology, clinical presentation and genetic differences in patients with skin of colour with psoriasis may impact treatment strategies. Additionally, pharmacological therapies available to date in these diverse patient cohorts are summarized in this article. The limited data published on this topic reveal a significant need for more investigations with the ultimate goal of incorporating recommendations for patients with skin of colour into the current guidelines for psoriasis treatment. Moreover, awareness of differences in psoriasis presentation amongst individuals with skin of colour may support patients to seek medical care sooner, which could result in earlier diagnosis and lead to improved patient outcomes.

Dermatology: how to manage atopic dermatitis in patients with skin of colour.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease prevalent in all skin types but can differ in pathogenesis and clinical presentation. It has been documented in the literature that AD is more prevalent in Asian and Black individuals than in white individuals. Genetic variations as well as cultural and socioeconomic factors have important implications for susceptibility to AD and response to treatment in skin of colour. In this narrative review, we discuss differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of AD in skin of colour. Additionally, we highlight the need for greater inclusivity of non-white ethnic groups in clinical trials to develop targeted treatments for diverse populations. Moreover, awareness of differences in AD presentation amongst non-white individuals may encourage patients to seek medical care earlier, leading to timely management and improved outcomes.

Analisis Persepsi Orang Dengan HIV (ODHIV) Terhadap Risiko Penularan COVID-19 Di Kota Padang Tahun 2021

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are group that have a weak immune system. In addition to HIV, the world is also facing the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of COVID-19 cases every time continues to increase until the current third wave. People living with HIV are a group that needs more attention in dealing with this pandemic. One way to initiate preventive action is to look at the perception of the protected aggregate. A person's level of alertness to an event can be seen from how they see the object to be perceived. Exploring the perception of people living with HIV can provide an overview of how they view and deal with COVID-19. This research use qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach. The selection of participants used purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used the Colaizzi technique. There were ten themes found in this study, the views of people living with HIV on COVID-19, feelings of people living with HIV in dealing with COVID-19, awareness of differences in immune conditions and being a vulnerable group, belief in ARVs strengthening the body's immune system, views of people living with HIV on the risk of transmitting COVID-19, PLHIV's views on health protocols, activities that strengthen the immune system, social support, adaptation of Puskesmas services during a pandemic, PLHIV's perception of vaccination. The results of the study show that people living with HIV are a vulnerable population that needs more attention, especially during this COVID-19 pandemic. Cooperation between health care workers and policy makers should be increased to reach and protect the population of PLWHIV.

"Will You Still Feel Beautiful When You Find Out You Are Different?": Parents' Experiences, Reflections, and Appearance-Focused Conversations About Their Child's Visible Difference.

To investigate parents’ reflections and experiences of having a child born with an appearance-altering condition, interviews with 33 parents of children born with rare craniofacial conditions were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: “Managing emotions: A dynamic process,” “Through another lens: External reminders of difference,” and “Awareness of difference: Approaching the child.” Findings suggest that although parents learned to accept and love their child’s visible difference, external factors such as appearance-altering surgery and other people’s reactions activated difficult emotions in parents. Parents struggled to decipher whether and when to raise appearance-related issues with their child, and how this could be done without distressing the child. Anticipatory guidance that facilitates positive appearance-focused conversations both within and outside the home seems to be needed. Parenting skills could also be strengthened by preparing parents for social reactions to the child’s visible difference, and their child’s changed appearance following surgery.

PENDEKATAN KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA DALAM INTERAKSI DAN HARMONI ANTARAGAMA

Interfaith communication in a pluralist society can be avoided, in interaction with people of different religions instead of culture, an awareness of differences is needed. This study aims to explain what approaches and barriers to intercultural communication are in fostering interfaith harmony attitudes. This research is a qualitative study, using library research methods or literature review, data is taken from books, magazines, documents and journals both national and international, especially those related to and the object under study. In the context of intercultural communication, there are two approaches that can be used as a combination to study interfaith communication, namely the social psychology approach and the symbolic interactionism approach.

Plurilingual and pluricultural as the new normal: an examination of language use and identity in the multilingual city of Montreal

ABSTRACT As plurilingual/multilingual research advances, factors that contribute to or hinder individual’s flexible language use are still underexplored. Questions such as Why do some people identify as plurilingual and pluricultural while others do not? and What factors contribute to high levels of plurilingual and pluricultural competence (PPC)? remain unknown. This article presents results of a mixed methods study with 250 plurilingual participants in the multilingual city of Montreal, Canada. Data was collected through a demographic questionnaire, the Plurilingual and Pluricultural Identity Questionnaire (PPIQ) and the Plurilingual and Pluricultural Competence (PPC) scale. Results show that a vast majority of participants identified as plurilingual and pluricultural, and seven reasons for shaping this identity were found: rich repertoire, lived experiences, awareness of differences and similarities, transculturalism, adaptation and integration, translanguaging, and openness. Moreover, there was a significant difference in PPC scores between Canadian-born participants and participants born outside of Canada, suggesting that speakers of minority languages in Canada have lower PPC scores compared to speakers of Canada’s official languages. These results are significant as they enhance our understanding of language use and identity, suggesting that plurilingualism and pluriculturalism can be the new norm in multilingual contexts but minority languages need further recognition.

Operationalising cultural competency in the context of substance use treatment: a qualitative analysis

The concept of cultural competency raises questions about the meaning of culture, difference and professional practice as well as how best to address religious and cultural marginality, epistemologically and practically, within codes of ethical practice. Despite continued policy and research emphasis on delivering culturally competent substance-use services to the Muslim and Arabic speaking community, limited evidence exists about what health practitioners consider to be culturally competent care for this group. To explore how practitioners operationalise cultural competence, qualitative interviews were conducted with 32 staff working in Sydney, Australia. Differences in epistemological bases of practice were present across the interviews which resulted in a variety of ways cultural competence became operationalised. Three broad epistemological approaches emerged in the data which can be classified as instrumental, comprehensive and connection-centred. These ranged in emphasis from provision of basic education around cultural traits; a heightened awareness of difference; and lastly a focus on minimising difference through enhancing relatability. Our findings highlight the importance of fostering an open and reflective attitude towards the ambiguity and complexity inherent in drug health encounters between practitioners and culturally diverse consumers. Such openness may provide opportunities to challenge structures and ideologies that reinforce points of difference and disconnection.

Transnational Social Workers’ Understanding of Australian First Nations Perspectives in Statutory Child Protection

ABSTRACT Chronic staff shortages and high rates of turnover in child protection programs create opportunities for social work mobility across the world. Australian child protection departments actively recruit social workers from the United Kingdom and Ireland. This strategy may cause tension relating to the application of known Western social work practice and theory and limited understanding of Australian First Nations worldviews. Australia continues to struggle with the ongoing impact of colonisation; First Nations children are overrepresented in child protection service delivery. The research explored the understanding held by overseas-born and -educated social workers from the UK and Ireland (transnational social workers or TNSWs) of Australian First Nations peoples, when they migrate to practice in frontline child protection. Interviews with 13 practitioners across two time points explored social work practice in the transnational context. The study found that the majority of TNSWs had limited understanding of social work in a colonised country. The results provide a foundation to rethink how TNSW practice is influenced by place-related change. This research identified a need to raise transnational social workers’ awareness of Australian First Nations child rearing practices that may lie outside their experiential understanding. IMPLICATIONS Transnational social workers may advance their understanding of First Nations peoples and their perspectives through increasing their awareness of differences in their personal lived experiences from that of Australian First Nations peoples. The practice of cultural humility may reduce harm in transnational child protection practice. Critical reflection may enable the emergence of counter-colonial thinking in child protection practice with Australian First Nations peoples.

Emergence Agitation and Delirium: Considerations for Epidemiology and Routine Monitoring in Pediatric Patients.

Emergence from anesthesia can be associated with a wide spectrum of cognitive and behavioral dysregulation in children, including delirium or acute brain dysfunction. This period of neurobehavioral recovery can be further confounded by pain, anxiety, and fear. The implementation of monitoring for level of consciousness, pain, and delirium using valid pediatric tools is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis due to overlapping symptomatology and support appropriate management. Understanding the epidemiology of delirium in the postoperative setting will require consistent use of accurate terminology in the medical literature. The current interchangeable use of the terms “emergence agitation” and “emergence delirium” needs to be highlighted and awareness of differences in patient conditions and assessment tools is essential. We discuss epidemiology of emergence agitation and delirium in the pediatric population, and the challenges for future delineation of monitoring and management. Furthermore, we describe the possible impact of long-term consequences of emergence delirium among infants and children, and the necessary areas of future research.