Difference In Total Antioxidant Capacity Levels Research Articles

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION WITH CHRONOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGE IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Relevance. The study is relevant due to the increase in the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) with age, as well as the presence of common developmental mechanism with aging processes, that is a violation of antioxidant protection. Given the changes in the antioxidant state with age, studying their relationship with biological age (BA) may be useful in this category of patients.
 Objective: to study changes in antioxidant status in AH patients of various age categories and their relationship with calendar age (CA) and BA, calculated using two outpatient methods.
 Materials and methods. The study included 96 patients with an average age of 50.8 ± 14.3 years (53.1% of women), who were divided into 2 groups: the main group (n=71) – patients with AH degrees 1-2 stages 1-2 with low and moderate cardiovascular risk, controls (n=25) – healthy patients randomized by age and sex. Patients of the main group were divided into subgroups depending on age: 25-44 years (n=21), 45-59 years (n=25) and over 60 years (n=25). Markers of antioxidant protection: total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) were determined in all patients. BA was calculated using the method of A. G. Gorelkin and B. B. Pinkhasov (BA1) and V.P. Voitenko’s method (BA2 ).
 Results. Patients of the main group had higher BA1 (p=0.024), BV2 (p=0.004), greater weight (p=0.010), body mass index (p=0.008), waist circumference (p=0.003). Also, there were tendencies towards an increase in TAC and a decrease in TAA in AH patients, compared with controls, although the differences were not significant. Correlation was found between CA and TAC (r=0.422; p=0.032) in the controls, and in the main group there was an association between CA and TAA (r=-0.357; p=0.003), the strength of which increased in young patients (r=-0.412; p=0.037). When comparing the levels of antioxidant state markers in AH patients depending on CA and BA, there was no significant difference in TAC levels, while TAA levels were the lowest in the group of patients aged 25-44 (p<0.05). After grouping patients depending on BA, there was an even more noticeable decrease in TAA in patients over 60 years old compared to controls.
 Conclusions. The associations between CA and the level of TAC in the controls and TAA in the main group were demonstrated. The relationship of these parameters with BA was observed only in patients with AH, which may indicate the effectiveness of BA evaluating using the methods of A. G. Gorelkin, B. B. Pinkhasov, and V. P. Voitenko for assessing the aging rate in AH patients. In young and elderly patients, the determination of TAA levels may be of greater diagnostic value than the determination of TAC. The nature of TAA changes in AH patients of the middle age, is different from patients of young and old age, which requires further study, taking into account other possible factors.

Clinical Trial Assessment of Intermittent and Continuous Infusion Dose of N-Acetylcysteine on Redox Status of the Body in Patients with Sepsis Admitted to the ICU.

Conflicting results exist regarding the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in sepsis treatment. A pivotal factor affecting the therapeutic potency of NAC in sepsis is timing and dosing of its infusion. We aimed to assess the effect of NAC on redox status of patients with sepsis and to compare its efficacy in intermittent and continuous infusion with the objective of developing the infusion regimen and optimizing the timing. A prospective, randomized clinical trial was designed to compare the antioxidative effect of NAC in intermittent infusion group (IV: 25 mg/kg bolus and then 25 mg/kg/8 hours 3 times) and continuous infusion group (IV: 25 mg/kg bolus and then 75 mg/kg over 24 hours) in 60 critically ill patients with sepsis (20 patients in each group). Blood samples were collected immediately before and after intervention for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assessment. N-acetyl cysteine considerably increased TAC levels in both intermittent (0.68 ± 0.60; P value = .036) and continuous (0.69 ± 0.64; P value = .015) infusion groups when compared to placebo (0.61 ± 0.10); however, the difference in TAC levels between the intermittent and the continuous infusion did not reach statistical significance (P value = .942). Likewise, NAC treatment decreased MDA levels in both intermittent (19.45 ± 4.18; P value = 0.001) and continuous (22.47 ± 6.68; P value = .002) infusion groups when compared to placebo (31.76 ± 11.06), while the difference in MDA levels between the intermittent and the continuous infusion did not reach statistical significance (P value = .481). Our data confirmed the antioxidative effect of NAC treatment in patients with sepsis, with no significant difference in intermittent and continuous infusion.

The Relationship between the Number of Manic Episodes and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Bipolar Disorder.

ObjectiveBipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes that has a lifetime prevalence of 0.4–5.5%. The neurochemical mechanism of BD is not fully understood. Oxidative stress in neurons causes lipid peroxidation in proteins associated with neuronal membranes and intracellular enzymes and it may lead to dysfunction in neurotransmitter reuptake and enzyme activities. These pathological processes are thought to occur in brain regions associated with affective functions and emotions in BD. The relationship between the number of manic episodes and total oxidant-antioxidant capacity was investigated in this study.MethodsEighty-two BD patients hospitalized due to manic symptoms and with no episodes of depression were enrolled in the study. Thirty of the 82 patients had had their first episode of mania, and the other 52 patients had had two or more manic episodes. The control group included 45 socio-demographically matched healthy individuals. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) measurements of the participants were performed. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by TOC/TAC.ResultsThere were no significant differences in OSI scores between BD patients with first-episode mania and BD patients with more than one manic episode. However, OSI scores in both groups were significantly higher than in the control group. TOC levels of BD patients with first-episode mania were found to be significantly higher than TOC levels of BD patients with more than one manic episode and healthy controls. There were no significant differences in TAC levels between BD patients with first-episode mania and BD patients with more than one manic episode. TAC levels in both groups were significantly higher than in the control group.ConclusionSignificant changes in oxidative stress indicators were observed in this study, confirming previous studies. Increased levels of oxidants were shown with increased disease severity rather than with the number of manic episodes. Systematic studies, including of each period of the disorder, are needed for using the findings indicating deterioration of oxidative parameters.

Effects of periodontal treatment on inflammation and oxidative stress markers in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of risk factors (e.g. impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia) that significantly contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in individuals with MetS and systemically healthy (SH) who were chronic periodontitis (CP). A total of 50 patients with chronic periodontitis (25 with MetS and 25 SH) were included. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded, and serum and whole-saliva samples were collected from all patients at baseline, and 3 and 6 mo following NSPT. The levels of fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TRG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were analysed. The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were determined using ELISA kits, and total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were measured. After NSPT, significant and similar improvements of all periodontal parameters were observed in both groups compared with baseline measurements. There were decreases in the levels of serum hs-CRP and IL-6, whereas increases in serum IL-10 were found in both groups, at all time points. Serum TOS and OSI showed no significant change in either group at any time point. Compared with the SH group, serum TAC levels were higher in the MetS group at baseline but lower at the 3-mo time-point. There was no difference in TAC levels between the groups at 6 mo. Saliva IL-6 was higher in the MetS group than the SH group at all time points. The levels of IL-6 and OSI in saliva decreased following NSPT in both groups, whereas salivary TAC concentrations increased. In the MetS group, TRG and HbA1c levels decreased significantly at 3 mo. NSPT decreased oxidative stress and the inflammatory status of patients with MetS and chronic periodontitis. Although similar periodontal improvements were achieved in both groups, the decreases in levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 in the MetS group did not reach the levels in the SH group. Based on these results, NSPT could be more effective in the control of systemic inflammation in patients with MetS in the short-term.

Total oxidant status and oxidative stress are increased in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis

Background Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In this study, we compared the global oxidant/antioxidant status by measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) in preterm infants with NEC and with control preterms. Methods Forty-one preterm neonates with NEC (stage 1 [group 1; n = 23] and stages 2 and 3 [group 2; n = 18]) and age-matched 36 healthy preterm controls (group 3) were included in this study. Blood samples were obtained both at the time of NEC diagnosis and 72 hours after for the evaluation of TAC and TOS. Serum levels of TAC, TOS, and OSI in patients with NEC were compared with controls. Results Demographic characteristics were comparable in all 3 groups. Preterm neonates in group 2 (with stages 2 and 3 NEC) had the highest TOS levels and OSI ( P < .001 vs both groups 1 and 3). There was no difference in TAC levels among the groups ( P = .26). Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that although TAC levels were similar in all 3 groups, oxidant stress mechanisms were activated in preterm neonates with definite NEC (stages 2 and 3 NEC). Premature neonates with increased levels of TOS and OSI were associated with severity of NEC.

Comparison of total oxidant/antioxidant status in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia of newborn before and after conventional and LED phototherapy: A prospective randomized controlled trial

We evaluated and compared the oxidant and antioxidant status of hyperbilirubinemic infants before and after the two forms of phototherapy: conventional and LED phototherapy, in order to identify the optimal treatment method. Thirty newborns exposed to conventional (Group I) phototherapy and 30 infants exposed to LED phototherapy (Group II) were studied. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the total oxidant status (TOS) were assessed by EREL's method. There were no statistically significant differences in TAC or TOS levels between Group I and Group II prior to phototherapy, and no statistically significant difference in TAC levels between the two groups after phototherapy; however, TOS levels were significantly lower in Group II compared to Group I after phototherapy. Oxidative stress index (OSI) increased after conventional phototherapy (p < 0.05) The increase in TOS following conventional phototherapy was not not observed following LED phototherapy. This difference should be considered when using phototherapy.