Differences In Lifestyle Research Articles

Correction: The Masters athlete in Olympic weightlifting: Training, lifestyle, health challenges, and gender differences

Correction: The Masters athlete in Olympic weightlifting: Training, lifestyle, health challenges, and gender differences

A Review on Integration of Precision Medicine in Oncology Practice

Oncology, the medical specialty focused on cancer study, diagnosis, and treatment, has experienced remarkable progress over the years. The introduction of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy has broadened treatment possibilities, yet the field continues to face significant challenges. Precision medicine, also known as personalized medicine, has emerged as a transformative approach in this complex environment. It offers innovative strategies for disease prevention and treatment by considering individual genetic, environmental, and lifestyle differences. A leading trend in precision oncology is the formulation of personalized treatment plans based on the distinct genetic and molecular characteristics of each patient's tumor. The evolution of precision medicine in oncology has been driven by technological advancements such as genomic sequencing technologies, high-throughput screening, bioinformatics, targeted therapy, liquid biopsy, CRISPR and gene editing, and the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning. These innovations have significantly influenced cancer treatment, enabling more precise and effective interventions. This article examines the critical technological developments propelling precision medicine forward and assesses their impact on oncology. It also explores the essential steps required to integrate precision medicine into clinical practice, addressing the challenges and advantages associated with its adoption. Integrating precision medicine into oncology promises to enhance the accuracy of diagnoses, improve treatment outcomes, and reduce adverse effects by tailoring interventions to individual patient profiles. This review discusses the importance of continued research and technological innovation in realizing the full potential of precision oncology

Differences in Healthy Lifestyle and Healthy Food Consumption among Millenials and Generation Z

Differences in Healthy Lifestyle and Healthy Food Consumption among Millenials and Generation Z

#2489 The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in different altitude areas: results from the China multi-ethnic cohort study

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) poses a significant public health challenge with substantial implications for human well-being. In China, there are significant geographical differences in the prevalence of CKD, with the highest prevalence in the southwest region, which may be related to differences in geographical environment and lifestyle. This study aimed to investigate variances in the prevalence of CKD across different altitude areas in southwest China. Method In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC). CMEC was established in five provinces of Southwest China and recruited a total of 99,556 participants between 2018 and 2019. Altitude information for each participant was extracted from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) (version 4) data based on their residential address. To facilitate analysis, we categorized them into groups of low altitude (0-1499 m) and high altitude (≥1500 m). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Crude and age-standardized prevalence of CKD was calculated by using R. Results A total of 92,163 participants were included in the study, and 39.7% were men. Among the current cohort, 30,904 were high-altitude residents, and 61,259 were from low altitude. Among the participants, 1636 cases of CKD were identified, corresponding to a prevalence of 1.78%. We found, the prevalence of CKD in high altitude group was higher than that in low altitude group, and the former is 2.53%, the latter is 1.40%. The age-standardized prevalence were 1.35% and 2.73% for the low and high altitude groups, respectively, and 1.38% and 2.57% for the sex-standardized groups. Conclusion In southwestern China, the prevalence of CKD was higher in the high altitude group than the low altitude group. And after adjusting for age and gender, the prevalence of CKD remained lower in the low-altitude group, and the gap slightly increased.

Bacterial lifestyle shapes pangenomes

Pangenomes vary across bacteria. Some species have fluid pangenomes, with a high proportion of genes varying between individual genomes. Other species have less fluid pangenomes, with different genomes tending to contain the same genes. Two main hypotheses have been suggested to explain this variation: differences in species' bacterial lifestyle and effective population size. However, previous studies have not been able to test between these hypotheses because the different features of lifestyle and effective population size are highly correlated with each other, and phylogenetically conserved, making it hard to disentangle their relative importance. We used phylogeny-based analyses, across 126 bacterial species, to tease apart the causal role of different factors. We found that pangenome fluidity was lower in i) host-associated compared with free-living species and ii) host-associated species that are obligately dependent on a host, live inside cells, and are more pathogenic and less motile. In contrast, we found no support for the competing hypothesis that larger effective population sizes lead to more fluid pangenomes. Effective population size appears to correlate with pangenome variation because it is also driven by bacterial lifestyle, rather than because of a causal relationship.

The Comparison of Lifestyles, Mental Risks, and Physical Indices among Individuals with Ultra-High Risk of Psychosis, Patients with Schizophrenia, and the General Public.

(1) Background: Early interventions may effectively reduce the risk of mental disorders in individuals with ultra-high risk. Specifying the health needs of individuals with ultra-high risk is crucial before the implementation of successful early intervention. This study aimed to explore the differences in lifestyles, mental risks, and physical indices among individuals with ultra-high risk, patients with schizophrenia, and healthy subjects. (2) Methods: A cross-section design applying seven questionnaires with physical examinations for 144 participants aged 13-45 years old was conducted in this study. The questionnaires included one about personal data, four on mental risks, and two for lifestyles. (3) Results: The individuals with ultra-high risk scored similarly in many dimensions as the patients with schizophrenia, but they displayed lower positive symptoms, lower negative symptoms, lower prodromal symptoms, higher interpersonal deficits, lower nutrition intake, and higher levels of exercise than the patients with schizophrenia. Female individuals with ultra-high risk had lower self-esteem, higher positive symptoms, lower nutrition intake, and higher exercise levels than male ones. (4) Conclusions: The study pinpointed specific health needs with interpersonal deficits, nutrition intake, and physical activity for the individuals with ultra-high risk. Future interventions targeted on improving social function, dietary pattern, and exercise will be beneficial.

Genetic variations in ACE2 gene associated with metabolic syndrome in southern China: a case–control study

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and genetic predisposition is one of the main triggers for its development. To identify the susceptibility genes for MetS, we investigated the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and MetS in southern China. In total, 339 MetS patients and 398 non-MetS hospitalized patients were recruited. Four ACE2 polymorphisms (rs2074192, rs2106809, rs879922, and rs4646155) were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection method and tested for their potential association with MetS and its related components. ACE2 rs2074192 and rs2106809 minor alleles conferred 2.485-fold and 3.313-fold greater risks of MetS in women. ACE2 rs2074192 and rs2106809 variants were risk factors for obesity, diabetes, and low–high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia. However, in men, the ACE2 rs2074192 minor allele was associated with an approximately 0.525-fold reduction in MetS prevalence. Further comparing the components of MetS, ACE2 rs2074192 and rs2106809 variants reduced the risk of obesity and high triglyceride levels. In conclusion, ACE2 rs2074192 and rs2106809 SNPs were independently associated with MetS in a southern Chinese population and showed gender heterogeneity, which can be partially explained by obesity. Thus, these SNPs may be utilized as predictive biomarkers and molecular targets for MetS. A limitation of this study is that environmental and lifestyle differences, as well as genetic heterogeneity among different populations, were not considered in the analysis.

RESIDENCE AT HIGH ALTITUDE IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER CONVENTIONAL AND AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE THAN LIVING AT SEA LEVEL IN THE GENERAL POPULATION OF PERU. HIGHCARE-LAPS STUDY

Objective: Acute exposure to hypoxia at high altitude (HA) leads to an increase in blood pressure (BP) in healthy individuals and in hypertensive patients. Little is known, however, about the effect of long-term HA residence on BP. Available data based on conventional BP measurements are inconsistent and no general population studies using 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) have been conducted. Aim of HIGHCARE-LAPS was to compare BP levels and cardiovascular risk profile among population-based samples of subjects residing in Peruvian communities living at different altitudes. BP-related data are reported in this paper. Design and method: Study participants were recruited by sex- and age-stratified random multistage cluster sampling from the general adult population residing permanently in urban areas at different altitudes in Peru (Lima, <500m, Huancayo 3287m, Juliaca 3824m, Cerro de Pasco 4330m). In all participants questionnaire-based information, conventional BP (3 seated measurements with a validated oscillometric device, HEM7121 OMRON, Japan), 24-hour ambulatory BP (A&D TM2430, Japan) and laboratory variables were obtained. Results: The study included 206 lowlanders and 595 highlanders. Highlanders were slightly younger, had lower BMI, oxygen saturation and prevalence of antihypertensive medication use and higher haematocrit. In highlanders all conventional and ambulatory BP values were lower and heart rate values higher than in lowlanders. Comparisons between lowlander and highlander samples and for individual sites at different altitudes are reported in the Table. The difference in 24-hour systolic BP between highlanders and lowlanders remained significant (7.2 mmHg, p<0.001) in a linear multiple regression model adjusting for age, sex, BMI, 24-hour heart rate, respiratory rate, and haematocrit. These covariates were selected by LASSO method from a set also including lifestyle-related variables. Conclusions: Permanent residence at high altitude is independently associated with lower conventional and ambulatory BP levels than low altitude residence in the general population of Peru. This relationship does not seem to be explained by lifestyle differences. Mechanisms behind this difference and its impact on cardiovascular risk should be further investigated. Also, comparative studies with other highland populations with different adaptive characteristics would allow to understand better the effects of HA residence on cardiovascular health.

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of poor prognosis of dermatomyositis and clinical value of ferritin/Kl-6 in predicting prognosis.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare inflammatory disease. Our research focuses on predicting poor prognosis in DM patients and evaluating the prognostic significance of ferritin and Salivary Sugar Chain Antigen-6 (KL-6) through multivariate logistic regression analysis. Between February 2018 and April 2020, 80 DM patients at our hospital were categorized into MDA5 positive (n=20) and negative (n=60) groups. We conducted multivariate logistic regression to determine DM's poor prognosis risk factors and evaluate ferritin/KL-6's predictive value for prognosis. Analysis showed no gender, age, body mass index (BMI), or lifestyle (smoking, drinking) differences, nor in dyspnea, muscle weakness, skin ulcers, and acetylcysteine treatment effects (p>0.05). Significant differences emerged in arrhythmias, interstitial pneumonia, C-reactive protein, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase levels (p<0.05). Before treatment, differences were negligible (p>0.05), but post-treatment, serum KL-6 and ferritin levels dropped. MDA5 positive patients had elevated serum KL-6 and ferritin levels than survivors (p<0.05), with a strong correlation to DM. Combined diagnosis using serum KL-6 and ferritin for DM prognosis showed area under curves of 0.716 and 0.634, significantly outperforming single-index diagnoses with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.926 (p<0.05). Serum KL-6 and ferritin show marked abnormalities in DM, useful as indicators for evaluating polymyositis and DM conditions. However, the study's small sample size is a drawback. Expanding the sample size is essential to monitor serum KL-6 and ferritin changes in DM patients under treatment more closely, aiming to improve clinical assessment and facilitate detailed research.

The Invstigation of Lipid Profile in Saudi Healthy Population and the Effects of Lifestyle

In this study differences in the response of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol were investigated in normal healthy Saudi population according to sex, age and lifestyle (rural and urban). This study was carried out for a total of (873) subjects (475 males and 398 females). Each of these two sex groups is classified into six subgroups according to ages ([0-14],[15-24],[25-40],[41-55],[56-69],[70+]). For the all tested people the blood was drawn after overnight fasting period (12-14hrs) using heparinized tubes. For all the required parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C) enzymatic colorimetric method is used and the mean values were obtained accordingly. For plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C, the results showed lower Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol levels through childhood group (0-14) in both males and females. However HDL-C remains high in children with similar values as in adults in both males and females between city and village population. Neonatal and children plasma contains proportionately higher HDL-C than that of adult, decreases during adolescence to a constant value and remains constant up to the age of 55 years in both sexes, then it starts to rise to a constant level and remain constant throughout life. For both males and females at birth and through early years of life (infants and children) there were no considerable differences in all parameters (T.C, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG) tested and that is may be due to absolute and close similarity of dietary habits and lifestyle between villagers and city populations for infants and children respectively. These levels increase with increasing of age for both sexes depending deeply upon the diet, and the increase of total cholesterol is significant or close to significant up to the age of 69 years in males, then it starts to fall, but it continued to rise in women. Similarly LDL-C level increases up to the age of 69 in males and then it remains constant through all the rest of the life, but for females it continues on increasing throughout life. Triglyceride levels increase up to the age of 55 in males where it started to fall throughout life, whereas in females it follow the same manner as T.C and LDL-C since it increases throughout life. The increasing of LDL-C is quite obvious throughout life in females, whereas it remains constant after the age of 69 in males. On the other hand it seems that differences of dietary habits and lifestyle are much more effective in the adult groups of age (15-24), (25-40), (41-55), (56-69), (70+), since there are significant or nearly significant differences between villagers and city populations in plasma total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides. It is quite obvious that the variability in plasma lipids and lipoproteins (T.C, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C) among populations precludes the establishment of universally acceptable limits. What may be considered "normal" for one populations group may not necessarily be applicable to another. Even within a country, these reference intervals may vary from a city to a village due to differences in dietary habits and lifestyle and also markedly age and sex.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals in children's and their parents' urine: Is the exposure related to the Chinese and Western lifestyle?

Children are known to be more vulnerable to exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) compared to adults, but evaluating the exposure pathways can be challenging. This research employed target and non-target analysis (NTA) to examine the exposure characteristics of EDCs in spot urine samples collected from 46 children's (aged 3–12 years) and their parents in Hong Kong (Chinese/Western lifestyle) and Guangzhou (mainly Chinese lifestyle). The results revealed that the geometric mean concentrations of phthalate esters metabolites (mPAEs) and bisphenols (BPs) in children's urine were 127.3 μg/gcrea and 2.5 μg/gcrea in Guangzhou, and 93.7 μg/gcrea and 2.9 μg/gcrea in Hong Kong, respectively, which were consistent with global levels. NTA identified a total of 1069 compounds, including 106 EDCs, commonly detected in food, cosmetics, and drugs. Notable regional differences were observed between Guangzhou and Hong Kong with potential sources of EDCs including dietary and cosmetic additives, toys, flooring and dust, as well as differences in lifestyles, diet, and living environment. However, age was found to significantly impact EDC exposure. The quantified EDCs (mPAEs and BPs) posed possible health risks to 60% of the children. Moreover, the presence of caffeine in children's urine, which exhibited higher detection rates in children from Hong Kong (95.6%) and Guangzhou (44.4%), warrants further attention. The sources of EDCs exposure in these regions need to be fully confirmed.

Comparison of lifestyle, cognitive function, mental health, and quality of life between hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 in South Korea: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly impacted older adults, resulting in many deaths. The impact of lifestyle and mental health on vulnerable groups, such as older adults, can be large and long lasting. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 confirmation on cognition, lifestyle, mental health, and quality of life in adults aged 55 years.MethodsThe sample consisted of 111 people in the COVID group and 189 people in the non-COVID group aged over 55 years in South Korea. An online survey was conducted between January and May 2022. Participants responded to the following assessment tools: Yonsei Lifestyle Profile, Prospective and Retrospective Memory (PRMQ), Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire (SMCQ), Visual Analogue Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19 S), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF). Differences in lifestyle, cognition, depression, anxiety, and quality of life were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were significant differences in physical activity, diet, the total score of the PRMQ, PM (a sub-score of the PRMQ), PHQ-9, Korean version of the ISI (ISI-K), and WHOQOL-BREF scores between the COVID and non-COVID groups. However, there were no significant differences in activity participation, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), or FCV-19 S between groups.ConclusionsThe study confirms that COVID-19 negatively affects memory, physical activity, diet, quality of life, depression, and insomnia in the older adults. Therefore, this study implicated that prevention and intervention strategies required improving the memory, lifestyle, and mental health of older adults with COVID-19.Trial registrationThe study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yonsei university in Korea (Registration number: 1041849-202112-SB-226-03, Date of registration: 01042022).

Sex Differences in Clustering Unhealthy Lifestyles Among Survivors of COVID-19: Latent Class Analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the significance of adopting healthy lifestyles to mitigate the risk of severe outcomes and long-term consequences. This study focuses on assessing the prevalence and clustering of 5 unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among Vietnamese adults after recovering from COVID-19, with a specific emphasis on sex differences. The cross-sectional data of 5890 survivors of COVID-19 in Vietnam were analyzed from December 2021 to October 2022. To examine the sex differences in 5 unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (smoking, drinking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior), the percentages were plotted along with their corresponding 95% CI for each behavior. Latent class analysis was used to identify 2 distinct classes of individuals based on the clustering of these behaviors: the "less unhealthy" group and the "more unhealthy" group. We examined the sociodemographic characteristics associated with each identified class and used logistic regression to investigate the factors related to the "more unhealthy" group. The majority of individuals (male participants: 2432/2447, 99.4% and female participants: 3411/3443, 99.1%) exhibited at least 1 unhealthy behavior, with male participants being more susceptible to multiple unhealthy behaviors. The male-to-female ratio for having a single behavior was 1.003, but it escalated to 25 for individuals displaying all 5 behaviors. Male participants demonstrated a higher prevalence of combining alcohol intake with sedentary behavior (949/2447, 38.8%) or an unhealthy diet (861/2447, 35.2%), whereas female participants tended to exhibit physical inactivity combined with sedentary behavior (1305/3443, 37.9%) or an unhealthy diet (1260/3443, 36.6%). Married male participants had increased odds of falling into the "more unhealthy" group compared to their single counterparts (odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% CI 1.14-1.85), while female participants exhibited lower odds (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51-0.83). Female participants who are underweight showed a higher likelihood of belonging to the "more unhealthy" group (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.89-1.39), but this was not observed among male participants (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.41-0.89). In both sexes, older age, dependent employment, high education, and obesity were associated with higher odds of being in the "more unhealthy" group. The study identified notable sex differences in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among survivors of COVID-19. Male survivors are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors compared to female survivors. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored public health interventions targeting sex-specific unhealthy behaviors. Specifically, addressing unhealthy habits is crucial for promoting post-COVID-19 health and well-being.

Abstract 66: US Asian and Pacific Islander Adolescents With Obesity Have Triple the Risk of Prediabetes When Compared to Non Hispanic White Children

Introduction: Race and ethnicity and elevated body mass index (BMI) are risk factors for pre-diabetes (preDM) among adolescents. We recently observed high preDM prevalence among aggregated US Asian and Pacific Islander (API) children with obesity, but data pertaining to disaggregated API subgroups remain limited. Aim: To examine the risk of preDM among API subgroups compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) adolescents with obesity. Methods: This retrospective study included 3233 API and 4150 NHW children age 13-17y with obesity and without DM who were identified at preventive health well-child visits in 2016-2019 and had hemoglobin A1c (HA1c) measured within 1 year of the visit. Visit data included self-reported diet/lifestyle behaviors and BMI measurement. PreDM (outcome) was defined by HA1c 5.7-6.4%. Obesity was categorized as Class 1-3 based on BMI percent of the 95th BMI percentile (obesity threshold). Four obesogenic behaviors were ascertained from clinic data: Fruit/vegetable consumption &lt;5 servings/day; juice/sugary beverage intake &gt;12 ounces/day; exercising &lt;60 minutes/day; and screen time 2+ hours/day. A neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) was calculated using area of residence and 2010 US Census data. Log binomial regression was used to examine the association of API ethnicity and preDM, reporting relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals [CI]. Results: The cohort included 210 Chinese, 900 Filipino, 200 South Asian, 132 Southeast Asian, 283 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI), 1508 other/unspecified API ethnicity, and 4150 NHW children. Overall, 22.4% of API vs 9.4% NHW (p&lt;0.001) children had preDM. PreDM prevalence ranged from 19.1% for Chinese, 21.7% for Filipino, 22.5% for South Asian, 24.2% for Southeast Asian, to 26.5% for NHPI subgroups. After adjusting for age, sex, NDI, obesity class, and obesogenic health behaviors, risk of preDM was about 3-fold higher (RR 2.9 [2.6-3.4] for API compared to NHW adolescents, ranging from RR 2.5 [1.8-3.6] for Chinese, RR 2.8 [2.3-3.4] for Filipino, RR 3.1 [2.2- 4.4] for South Asian, RR 3.2 [2.1-4.9] for Southeast Asian, RR 3.3 [2.5-4.4] for NHPI, and RR 3.0 [2.5-3.5] for other/unspecified API children. Obesity severity (RR 1.4 [1.2-1.6] for Class 2 and RR 2.1 [1.7-2.6] for Class 3 compared to Class 1 obesity) was also associated with preDM risk. Conclusion: PreDM risk was about 3-fold higher for API compared to NHW children with obesity even after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and BMI differences. The risk of preDM ranged from 2.5-fold to 3.3-fold higher for the major API subgroups, especially Southeast Asian and Filipino groups compared to NHW children. These findings highlight the importance of preDM screening among API children and demonstrate heterogeneity of risk among API subgroups. Future efforts should focus on effective screening and monitoring of at-risk populations to prevent progression to Type 2 DM.

Screening Men and Women above the Age of 50 Years for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Pilot Study in an Upper Middle Income Country

Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is recommended in high risk populations based on local conditions. Differences in lifestyle and risk factors between countries with different income status make risk stratification based on geographic location necessary. The majority of epidemiological studies on AAA have reported data from high income countries. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors for AAA in an upper middle income country in Eastern Europe. A pilot screening project for AAA, supported by a mass media campaign, was conducted in 2023 in seven cities in Serbia. Ultrasound evaluation of the abdominal aorta was performed by a registered vascular surgeon on individuals who agreed to participate. Participants who attended screening completed a questionnaire on demographic and clinical information. To assess risk factors for AAA, univariable logistic regression analysis was performed to compute the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Multivariable logistic regression was subsequently performed with adjustments for sex, age, family history of AAA, and other relevant factors. A total of 4 046 participants (51.2% male and 48.8% female; mean age 68.8 ± 7.6 years) responded to the campaign. An aneurysm was found in 195 (4.8%) screened individuals (8.2% of men and 1.3% of women). In males aged 50 - 64 years, the prevalence of AAA was 5.4%. Male sex, older age, family history of AAA, being a smoker or ex-smoker, being overweight, and alcohol consumption were predictors of AAA in the univariable analysis. After adjustments in the multivariable analysis, male sex (OR 8.04, 95% CI 4.87 - 13.28), older age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.07), positive family history (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.61 - 3.78), smoker status (OR 3.10, 95% CI 2.10 - 4.59), ex-smoker status (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.39 - 3.27), and being overweight (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.25 - 2.74) were independent risk factors for AAA. The prevalence of AAA has not been reduced in all countries, and screening strategies might be changed based on local epidemiological data. The results of this pilot study underline the importance of exploring the prevalence of AAA in populations with a high prevalence of smoking.

Waste Generation and Composition in Karawang Regency

Sources of waste in Karawang Regency come from various activities of residents who are concentrated in locations such as residential, commercial, social facilities and public facilities. Each source of waste has characteristics for the generation, composition and characteristics of the resulting waste. In general, the source of waste is divided into household (domestic) and non-household (non-domestic). It is known that the generation of waste for the domestic sector of households is 2.93 L/person/day or 0.42 Kg/person/ day. But when viewed from the economic level, high income housing has the highest generation of 3.27 L/person/day. This is because differences in economic level and lifestyle affect the consumption level of the residents of the House. The higher the level of community life, the greater the waste generation. Based on the calculation results, it is known that the value of waste generation of each facility is different. This is because each facility has different activities. Shops have the highest generation of 3.78 L/person/day, followed by markets and roads as much as 1.55 L/m2/day and 1.12 L/ m2/day. This indicates that the activity of the store produces more waste than the market and the street. When reviewing the waste generation of Karawang Regency, the generation is greater than the domestic sector alone. The result of one area of Karawang Regency showed the waste generation is 0.56 Kg/person/day or 4.06 L/person/day.

The association between night shift work and osteoporosis risk in adults: A cross-sectional analysis using NHANES

PurposeThrough this study, we assess whether night shift work increases the risk of osteoporosis, and explore the effects of age, gender, or lifestyle differences. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included the collection of data from a sample of the US adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) over a 7.3-year period (2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2017–March2020), including 4408 participants (2351[52.8%] men and 2057[47.2%] women), with an age range of 20–80 years. The primary variables, health status, nutrition, harmful lifestyle habits, and bone mineral density (BMD), were segregated, and analyzed according to different work schedules. Linear regression models were conducted to evaluate correlations of night shift work and T-scores. Associations between night shift work and osteoporosis were examined using logistic regression analyses. All regression models were stratified by gender and age ≥50 years. Osteoporosis was defined as BMD at the femoral neck or total spine equal to or less than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean for youthful people of the same gender. All data were obtained using questionnaires and examinations collected in mobile examination center (MEC) from NHANES. ResultsAfter multivariate adjustment, night shift work was related to statistically significant decreases of the total spine in T-scores of females aged ≥50 years. Furthermore, night shift work of the overall population (OR = 2.31 [95% CI, 1.03–5.18]; P = 0.043) and females aged ≥50 years (OR = 4.6 [95% CI, 1.21–17.54]; P = 0.025) was related to an increased prevalence of osteoporosis. ConclusionNight shift work correlates with a higher risk of osteoporosis in the population of the US adults, with the combined effect of age, gender, and harmful lifestyle.

Relationship between social isolation and glycaemic control of people previously diagnosed with diabetes: secondary analysis from the CHARLS

ObjectivesSocial isolation may affect diabetes self-management. This study aimed to explore the relations between social isolation and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes and to explore lifestyle differences among individuals...

Polygenic effects on the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in the Japanese population

BackgroundPolygenic effects have been proposed to account for some disease phenotypes; these effects are calculated as a polygenic risk score (PRS). This score is correlated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related phenotypes, such as biomarker abnormalities and brain atrophy, and is associated with conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. However, the AD PRS has been examined mainly in Europeans, and owing to differences in genetic structure and lifestyle, it is unclear whether the same relationships between the PRS and AD-related phenotypes exist in non-European populations. In this study, we calculated and evaluated the AD PRS in Japanese individuals using genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics from Europeans.MethodsIn this study, we calculated the AD PRS in 504 Japanese participants (145 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants, 220 participants with late mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 139 patients with mild AD dementia) enrolled in the Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (J-ADNI) project. In order to evaluate the clinical value of this score, we (1) determined the polygenic effects on AD in the J-ADNI and validated it using two independent cohorts (a Japanese neuropathology (NP) cohort (n = 565) and the North American ADNI (NA-ADNI) cohort (n = 617)), (2) examined the AD-related phenotypes associated with the PRS, and (3) tested whether the PRS helps predict the conversion of MCI to AD.ResultsThe PRS using 131 SNPs had an effect independent of APOE. The PRS differentiated between CU participants and AD patients with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.755 when combined with the APOE variants. Similar AUC was obtained when PRS calculated by the NP and NA-ADNI cohorts was applied. In MCI patients, the PRS was associated with cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated-tau levels (β estimate = 0.235, p value = 0.026). MCI with a high PRS showed a significantly increased conversion to AD in APOE ε4 noncarriers with a hazard rate of 2.22. In addition, we also developed a PRS model adjusted for LD and observed similar results.ConclusionsWe showed that the AD PRS is useful in the Japanese population, whose genetic structure is different from that of the European population. These findings suggest that the polygenicity of AD is partially common across ethnic differences.

Health-promoting lifestyle in mothers with vaginal childbirth and cesarean section in the postpartum period

BackgroundIn the postpartum period, there are numerous changes in the physical and psychological dimensions of women, which reduce the quality of life of women. The aim of this study was to compare the health-promoting lifestyle of mothers with vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery in the postpartum period.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 77 pregnant women who had delivered vaginal or by cesarean section at Shohadaye Behshahr Hospital and were selected based on inclusion criteria. If the women were willing to participate in the study, a demographic questionnaire was completed, and the telephone numbers of the subjects were recorded so that the Porsline health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire could be sent to them. Data were analyzed with SPSS 22 using the T test, chi-square test and Repeated Measure ANOVA.ResultsThere was no difference in the average score of health-promoting lifestyle and its dimensions between the two groups of vaginal delivery and cesarean section at two and six weeks after delivery. However, in both groups, the total score of health-promoting lifestyle decreased significantly over time (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere was no difference in health-promoting lifestyle between mothers with vaginal and mothers with cesarean delivery at two weeks and six weeks after delivery. This requires more attention from policy makers to make vaginal childbirth more convenient, and by reducing complications after vaginal childbirth, they can improve women’s healthy lifestyles and, in turn, families. Also, it seems that the other variables apart from the method of delivery should be considered, and it is necessary to distinguish these variables such as routine episiotomy in order to prevent the decrease in the level of health-promoting behaviors among women during puerperium period.