Gender Differences Research Articles

Spiritual practices and mental well-being: A quantitative study among university students

This study explores the role of spiritual practices in promoting mental well-being among university students. The research focuses on key areas such as stress management, resilience, emotional balance, and finding meaning in life. A quantitative survey was conducted with 134 students from various disciplines, and the results indicate that spiritual practices can provide significant mental health benefits. Gender and age differences were observed, with women generally reporting higher emotional benefits from spirituality and older students finding greater meaning in life through spiritual engagement. The findings highlight the importance of a personalized approach to mental health support, recognizing that spirituality may not be universally effective for all students. The discussion emphasizes the need for diverse mental health interventions that incorporate both spiritual and non-spiritual strategies to cater to individual needs.

Breaking barriers: The impact of girls’ education on poverty eradication in northern Nigeria – A Focus on Sokoto State

This research explores the critical role of girls' education in alleviating poverty in Sokoto State, Nigeria. It highlights the significant gender disparities in educational access, driven by cultural norms that prioritize boys' education, which impede both individual potential and broader economic growth. The research underscores that educated women contribute to workforce participation and family income, thereby fostering community development and reducing poverty. Despite some progress, challenges such as socio-cultural attitudes, inadequate infrastructure, and economic constraints persist, necessitating a multi-faceted approach involving policy reforms and community engagement. The study employs a mixed-methods methodology, revealing that while enrolment rates have improved, gender inequities remain pronounced. It advocates for targeted interventions and community involvement to shift perceptions and enhance girls' educational opportunities, ultimately aiming for sustainable development goals in Northern Nigeria.

A systematic review of parenting and feeding practices, children’s feeding behavior and growth stunting in Asian countries

ABSTRACT This systematic review evaluates studies focusing on parenting and feeding practices, children’s feeding behavior, and growth stunting in Asian countries. Eight electronic databases were searched to screen studies published between Jan 2015 and May 2021. There were contradictory findings related to gender differences in growth stunting and factors that reinforce/facilitate or inhibit acquisition of optimum growth in children. Theme of parenting practices showed that time spent on childcare, traditional beliefs about child-care feeding and responsive feeding were also contributing factors. Amidst economic improvement, political, social changes, and worldwide execution of various nutritional programs, stunting continues to be relentlessly persistent and widespread in Asia. Undernutrition disturbs areas of the mind involved in reasoning, reminiscence, locomotor skills and also an adverse influence on the physical and psychological growth of children and ensuing learning capabilities. Stunted children have more anxiety and depression and lower self-esteem than non-stunted children. A public health strategy is required to: (i) properly examine stunting with time through collaborated efforts of community members and various sectors, (ii) tackle malnutrition with steps to enhance maternal nutrition during pregnancy, infant feeding practices and (iii) involvement of effective multi-sectoral partnership programs for management of stunting.

Relationship of locus of control, learned helplessness and coping strategies among patients with chronic illness

This research focused on investigating how locus of control, learned helplessness, and coping strategies are related in patients dealing with chronic illness. A sample of 100 chronic patients was drawn using a stratified sampling technique, comprising 48 males and 52 females from Bahawal Vitoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. A cross-sectional survey method was employed, with data collected through interviews. Three validated questionnaires were also used: the Pettijohn Locus of Control Scale (1992), the Quinless & Nelson Learned Helplessness Scale (1988), and the Coping Strategies Inventory by Hamby, Grych, & Banyard (2013). The results of this study indicate a significant correlation among coping strategies, locus of control, and learned helplessness. The literature review supports the findings related to the impact of chronic illness on these psychological constructs. The results are discussed in terms of gender differences, variance in factors, and the role of psychosocial support in managing chronic illness.

The effect of TSH on kidney function

Background: The thyroid gland plays a vital role in the regulation of many physiological processes, including kidney function. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and kidney function in male and female patients with hyperthyroidism, as well as in healthy control subjects. Method: A total of 60 participants from Najaf city, Iraq, were included in the study. This included 10 male and 10 female control subjects, as well as 20 male and 20 female patients with hyperthyroidism. Blood samples were collected from all participants and analyzed for TSH, urea, and creatinine levels. Result: The results showed a significant increase in TSH levels in both male and female patients with hyperthyroidism compared to control subjects. Urea levels were also significantly higher in hyperthyroidism patients compared to controls, while creatinine levels were not significantly different. In addition, there was a significant difference in the effects of TSH on kidney function between male and female patients with hyperthyroidism. Female patients with hyperthyroidism had significantly higher levels of urea and lower levels of creatinine compared to male patients with hyperthyroidism. These findings suggest a direct effect of TSH on kidney function and highlight the need for regular monitoring of kidney function in individuals with hyperthyroidism, particularly women. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind the gender differences observed in this study and to develop targeted interventions for both men and women with thyroid disorders. Conclusion: our study provides valuable insights into the relationship between TSH and kidney function and highlights the need for multidisciplinary care and targeted interventions for individuals with thyroid disorders to prevent or minimize the risk of kidney dysfunction.

Impact of gender-biased parental perceptions on under-immunization in Eastern Sudan: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDespite global efforts, inequities in vaccine uptake remain, influenced by socioeconomic, geographic, cultural, and gender-related factors. In Eastern Sudan, gender disparities are acknowledged, particularly in livelihoods, but their impact on vaccination uptake is unclear. This study aimed to assess the effect of gender-biased parental perceptions on under-immunization among children in Kassala, Eastern Sudan.MethodsThis study was a community-based cross-sectional in rural and urban districts of Kassala locality in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan in November 2022. Data were collected from parents using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire. The Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was conducted to assess the factors associated with under-immunization among children.ResultsData were collected from 400 parents. Our data reveal that most children were fully vaccinated with the three doses of the pentavalent vaccine (83%), while 14% were partially vaccinated. Findings showed that about one in five parents perceived male vaccination as more important than female vaccination. This parental perception of gender-based importance in vaccination was significantly associated with under-immunization among children (p-value = 0.049). Additionally, males in our study are fully vaccinated 5% more often than females. Socio-economic factors, including mothers’ education and households’ income level, were also significantly associated with the vaccination status of the children.ConclusionThis study shed light on the effect of gender norms and related determinants on equitable access to vaccinations for boys and girls alike. More research is needed to gain a better understanding of the gender norms related to vaccination and their long-term impact on immunization demand and resilience in this region.

Queer, Migrant Non-Parenthood in Désorientale by Négar Djavadi and Gabrielle by Agnès Vannouvong

Abstract Désorientale (2016) by Franco-Iranian author Négar Djavadi and Gabrielle (2015) by Franco-Lao-Thai author Agnès Vannouvong both emerge at a moment when queer people have some rights (marriage and adoption) but no access to assisted reproductive technology (ART). They take up the issue of what I term “political infertility,” rebuking the notion of queerness as an unproductive sexuality. These novels’ queer (migrant) characters experience compounded forms of exclusion, along the lines of race, gender, sexuality, and cultural difference. I explore how the queer (migrant) nonparent speaks to a particular precarity within a system of power, revealing the complex way in which the nonparent is entrapped by competing modes of legitimatization, visibility, and access to full and fulfilled subjecthood.

Earthquake Anxiety & Self-Compassion Skill: A Study on Their Demographic Differences & Relationships

This study aims at analyzing the relationship between earthquake anxiety and self-compassion skill, while evaluating gender differences. Data from a total of 273 participants were used to assess the earthquake anxiety and self-compassion skill levels of the participants. The findings indicate that the earthquake anxiety is higher among women but the self-compassion skill is more apparent among men. In the reliability analysis performed for the earthquake anxiety and self-compassion skill measurements; Crohnbach’s alpha coefficients were used. Accordingly, the coefficients were calculated as (0.98) for earthquake anxiety scale and (0.84) for self-compassion scale. It was revealed that both scales had high reliability coefficients. Correlation analysis results indicate that the individuals with high earthquake anxiety have lower self-compassion skill. In addition, it was observed that the earthquake anxiety increased according to the risk magnitude, that is to say, it was found that the earthquake anxiety were more apparent in the individuals residing in the areas at high earthquake risk. The regression model established between self-compassion scale and earthquake anxiety scale were also found significant. These findings shed a light to the further studies to be performed to better understand the complex relationship between earthquake anxiety and self-compassion skill. This study makes an important contribution to the fact that psychological support services and crisis intervention programs can reach to the individuals more efficiently, taking the relationship between earthquake anxiety and self-compassion skill.

Gender-specific impact of COVID-19 in the UAE: Analyzing gender disparities in health and well-being

Abstract Background Understanding gender disparities in health impacts during pandemics is crucial. While early observations of the COVID-19 pandemic suggested higher severity and mortality rates among males, subsequent studies hinted at a disproportionate impact on females’ health and well-being. This study aimed to explore gender-specific differences related to COVID-19 in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods Data from four independent surveys were analyzed to assess gender differences in knowledge about available vaccines, vaccine hesitancy, COVID-19 severity, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs), and psychological health of healthcare workers and the general population. Gender gaps were calculated as the absolute difference between males and females. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were performed to test the association between gender, age, and selected outcome variables. Results Males had a significantly higher risk of moderate to severe COVID-19 symptoms (71%) compared to females (63%). The gender gap in symptom severity was smallest among those aged 55+ and highest among adults aged 35-54. Post-discharge, 22% more females reported multiple conditions than males. Among HCWs, females showed lower knowledge (19% gap) and higher vaccine hesitancy (20% gap), with larger gaps among older age groups. Females also experienced more anxiety and psychological stress, especially in the 35-54 age group. Logistic regression confirmed higher odds for females in reporting vaccine hesitancy, long COVID-19 symptoms, and anxiety, even after adjusting for demographic factors. Conclusions This study highlights unequal health outcomes and burdens experienced by women and men during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UAE. The distinct challenges faced by women, including higher mental health burdens and persistent post-recovery symptoms, suggest systemic gender disparities that require targeted attention in healthcare policies and practices. Key messages • Gender disparities in COVID-19 were evident in the UAE with males experiencing severe COVID-19 symptoms, while females experienced post-recovery symptons, vaccine hesitancy, and stress. • Urgent action is required to address gender disparities in COVID-19 impacts, emphasizing mental health support and post-recovery care in policy formulation.

Is there a gender difference in the effects of cardiovascular risk factors on the anatomical localization and severity of obstruction on coronary arteries?

Abstract Background Whether there is a gender difference in the effects of traditional cardiovascular risk factors(CVRF) on the anatomical localization(AL) and severity(AS) of obstruction on coronary arteries(CA) remains unclear. Purpose In our study, we investigated whether there is a gender difference in the relationship between CVRF and obstruction on CA . Methods We included 978 patients(49.9% women, mean age: 61+10.3) with stable chest pain undergoing invasive coronary angiography between 2019-2021 who were recruited from the database of our clinic. We examined the gender difference in hypertension(HT), diabetes mellitus(DM), smoking, hyperlipidemia, previous history of CAD(H.CAD) and family history of premature CAD(F.CAD) and their correlation with the AL and AS of obstruction on CA in both gender. Results Women were older(p<0.001) with higher rates of HT (p=0.001) and DM(p=0.026) and higher TC, LDLC and HDLC levels respectively (rs) as (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.001). Whereas H.CAD and smoking rates were higher in men rs as (p=0.001, p=0.009). The incidence of critical stenosis (≥70 obstruction) & intermediate lesions (50-69%) on all CA and Syntax scores were higher in men(p<0,01). In patients with HT, severe CAD was more prominent on circumflex (Cx)(p=0.029) and right coronary artery(RCA)(p=0.002) in women and on the proximal ( p=0.024) and mid portion of left anterior descending artery(LAD) (p=0.045) in men. In patients with DM a statistically significant(ss) correlation was found between the presence of DM and AS in all vessels except for left main coronary artery (LMCA) in women (LAD prox:p=0.001; LAD mid:p=0.001; diagonal artery(Dg):p=0.003; Cx:p=0.001; RCA:p=0.001 ;LMCA:p>0.05). However no such correlation was observed in men(p>0.05). In patients with H.CAD moderate/severe lesions were more common on proximal(p=0.013) and mid portions of LAD(p=0.021), on CX( p=0.006) and on RCA(p=0.016) in men and more common on the proximal portion of LAD(p=0.047), CX(p=0.014) and RCA(p=0.009) in women. For either smoking and F.CAD there was no such correlation in either gender (p>0,05). As for blood lipid levels no correlation was observed between LDLC, HDLC and triglyceride levels and AL&AS in men(p>0,05). However there was a negative, weak correlation between the HDLC levels and obstruction on LAD mid portion(r=-0.140; p=0.003); on Dg(r=-0.100; p=0.034) on CX (r=-0.154; p=0.001) and on RCA (r=-0.151; p=0.001) in women. Conclusion Major traditional CVRFs have a sex specific impact on AL and AS of obstruction on CA. In the era of precisıon medicine we need gender specific risk scoring systems taking these gender differences into account.

Gender differences in the treatment with PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies real world experience from a dedicated prevention clinic

Abstract Background Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies (PCSK9 mAb) lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). There are gender differences in PCSK9 biological characteristics, which are not properly addressed in current data. Purpose Examining gender differences in treatment with PCSK9 mAb. Methods A retrospective study based on data from the Prevention Cardiology Clinic in Rabin Medical Center. Included were patients prescribed with PCSK9 mAb (evolocumab or alirocumab), for primary or secondary prevention. Data included medical background and treatment variables. Response to treatment was evaluated by changes in LDL-C at 3 and 12 months. Data was analyzed by gender. Results Study included 246 patients (mean age 67y, ASCVD 78.8%, mean baseline LDL-C 128.2 mg/dL). Women (42% of cohort) prescribed with PCSK9 mAb were older than men (69 vs. 65 years, respectively; p<0.001). The dominant indication for PCSK9 mAb for both genders was secondary prevention, while primary prevention indication was more prevalent in women vs. men (39.4% vs. 16.3%, respectively; p<0.001). Statin intolerance was observed in 82.4% and 58.6% were treated with combination therapy with PCSK9 mAb, without significant gender differences. Baseline mean LDL-C was higher among women vs. men (138.9 vs. 117.3 mg/dL; p<0.001). Overall, high adherence was observed (91.8% and 79.7% at 3 and 12 months, respectively). After 1-year, adherent men had lower LDL-C levels than women (46.8 mg/d and 61.9 mg/dL, respectively; P=0.001), and were more likely to reach their LDL-C therapy goals; below 70 mg/dL (76.1% vs. 62.2%, respectively; P=0.032) and below 55 mg/dL (60.1% vs. 39.8% respectively; P=0.003). Conclusions In patients treated with PCSK9 mAb, gender differences exist in prescription age, indications, baseline LDL-C and achieved LDL-C goals. In this study adherence to PCSK9 mAb was higher than reported before, possibly due to surveillance in a dedicated prevention clinic.LDL-C & Non-HDL-C levels under PCSK9 mABSex Differences in acheived LDL-C goals

Gender and Education Differences in Mental Health in Belgium: a Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Abstract Background Mental illnesses (MI) constitute a growing public health problem, with reports of a higher prevalence among middle-aged adults (age effect), during specific periods such as economic crisis (period effect) and in recent birth cohorts (cohort effect). However, few studies have assessed whether these age-period-cohort (APC) effects were related to general population trends or if they are driven by changes in the mental health status of more vulnerable groups. Therefore, this study aimed to assess gender and educational differences underlying observed APC effects in the prevalence of MI in the Belgian adult population. Methods This study used data from six cross-sectional waves of the Belgian Health Interview Survey (1997-2018, ∼ 10,000 respondents per wave). Mental health was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Bayesian hierarchical APC models were applied on the prevalence of MI, taking into account gender and educational differences, as well as some potential confounding factors. Results Overall, this study confirmed the higher prevalence of MI in middle-aged adult, in 2013, and in more recent birth cohorts (1980-2000). Accounting for the interaction between gender and education, we found that the MI educational gradient was more pronounced for women than men. Finally, we found that APC trends were different between gender. The odds of having MI tended to be stable across age groups for women, while men showed an increased odds between 50-60 years and a decrease between 60-65 years. Regarding period and cohort effects, the increase odds in 2013 was mainly present in men, while the increase in recent birth cohorts was mainly present in women. Conclusions This study emphasizes that the age-period-cohort effects on mental health are different depending on gender and education, thus enriching our understanding on the underlying mechanisms to better guide future public (mental) health policies. Key messages • This study shows the importance of studying not only the overall trends in mental illness, but also the underlying differences in its distribution. • Insights into gender and educational differences in Age-Period-Cohort effects on mental health is crucial for the development of timely and efficient public health interventions.

The relationship between mental health and employment: a systematic review of cohort studies

Abstract Background Knowledge on the bi-directional association between employment status and mental health is important, as it affects multiple dimensions of our daily lives, both at the individual and societal level. Given that the mental health status and employment situation of individuals are likely to change over time, there is an important need for longitudinal data to better understand causality patterns in this association and the underlying mechanisms. Methods A systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA guidelines in 3 electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo. Studies eligible for inclusion were cohort studies, involving the general population, and assessing the relationship between employment status and mental health longitudinally. Results In total, 3,733 studies were identified and 36 met the inclusion criteria. The eleven studies focusing on the social causation hypothesis highlighted the negative long-term impact of unemployment and unstable employment on mental health. Four studies observed mental health improvements upon re-entering employment, although limited and in more specific contexts. The fourteen studies focusing on the health selection hypothesis found a lower probability for individuals with mental health problems in finding and maintaining employment. Finally, the eleven studies assessing the two hypothesis simultaneously found that mental health problems were both a consequence of and risk factor for poor employment status, although some important moderating factors, such as gender differences, influence the direction and strength of the association. Conclusions This review underscores the bi-directional association between the employment status and mental health of individuals, highlighting the need to develop targeted prevention (e.g. mental health support in the workplace) and interventions strategies (e.g. supported employment programs) in both the mental health and labor market systems. Key messages • The bidirectional link between employment and mental health highlights the need for concurrent responses to break the vicious cycle between poor mental health and social exclusion. • To reduce the clinical and social burden of mental health problems, gender differences must be taken into account in mental health and employment support practices and policies.

Clinical characteristics of patients with raised BNP referred from primary care to an outpatient heart failure with potential heart failure using NICE guidelines

Abstract Introduction UK NICE guidelines (1) mandate the referral of patients with potential heart failure (signs, symptoms and raised BNP) for specialist opinion including diagnostic echocardiography. We have analysed the demographic and clinical characteristics of 233 consecutive referrals over a nine month period of such patients from primary care to our outpatient cardiology service. Purpose To identify any differences between those who are subsequently identified as having reduced LV systolic function (HFrEF) and those with preserved LV systolic function. We have further explored any potential differences between those with moderately raised (>440 <2000ng/L) and those with grossly raised levels (>2000ng/L) of BNP as NICE guidance proposes a difference in urgency of assessment for these two patient cohorts. Methods All patients had diagnostic echocardiography following the British Society of Echocardiography guidelines (2) and were clinically assessed by a consultant cardiologist and specialist heart failure nurse. Results Of the 233 patients, 64 (27%) were identified as having HFrEF with the remaining 169 having preserved LV systolic function. In patients with HFrEF the majority had grossly raised BNP (62.5%) whereas with preserved LV systolic function the majority had moderately raised BNP (70.5%); Table 1. Within the referred population, demographics and clinical characteristics were broadly similar for patients with HFrEF and those with preserved LV systolic function for age and cardiovascular comorbidities (IHD, diabetes mellitus, hypertension) but were different for gender and heart rhythm. Patients with HFrEF and moderately raised BNP were twice as likely to be in sinus rhythm (75%) than those with grossly raised BNP (37.5%). In patients with moderately raised BNP those with preserved LV systolic function were more likely to be in AF than those with HFrEF (41% v. 25%). No gender difference was seen in patients with preserved LV systolic function whereas patients with HFrEF were twice as likely to be male; Table 2. Conclusions 1. The majority of patients with raised BNP and potential heart failure referred from primary care do not have HFrEF (72.5%) 2. Regardless of their LV systolic function those patients with the highest BNP levels are more likely to be in AF 3. Of patients with a raised BNP and HFrEF twice as many are male whereas no gender difference is seen in those with a raised BNP and preserved LV systolic 4. Whilst the mean age of both groups (preserved and reduced LV systolic function) is the same, in both groups those with grossly raised BNP are on average 5 years older than those with moderately raised BNP.

The gender difference in cause of death in Japanese atrial fibrillation patients: The Fushimi AF Registry

Abstract Background Previously we reported that incident rate of heart failure (HF) hospitalization was higher in female than male and stroke was comparable between female and male in Japanese atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. We also reported cardiovascular death was mainly related to HF but not stroke. However, the gender difference in cause of death in Japanese AF patients is little known. Method The Fushimi AF Registry is a community-based prospective survey of AF patients in Fushimi-ku, which is a typical urban district of Japan. We started to enroll patients from March 2011, and follow-up data were available for 4,496 patients by the end of February 2022. In the entire cohort, 2,677 were male and 1,819 were female. We compared clinical characteristics and cause and incidence rate of death between two groups. Result Female patients were older (female vs. male; 76.7 years vs. 71.5 years, p<0.01), less in body weight (51.2 kg vs. 65.0 kg, p<0.01), had higher pulse rate (79.4 bpm vs. 77.5 bpm, p<0.01), less often persistent/permanent type (48.2% vs. 52.0%, p=0.04), less likely to have previous stroke/systemic embolism (18.6% vs. 21.1%, p=0.04), diabetes mellitus (19.9% vs. 26.2%, p<0.01), coronary artery disease (12.3% vs. 16.0%, p<0.01) and more likely to have prior HF (32.2% vs. 24.0%, p<0.01), chronic kidney disease (39.3% vs. 33.7%, p<0.01)and had higher CHADS2 score (2.15 vs. 1.96, p<0.01). In prescription data, female patients less often received oral anticoagulant (52.1% vs. 58.2%, p<0.01) and antiplatelet drug (23.8% vs. 29.0%, p<0.01). Systolic blood pressure, hypertension and major bleeding were comparable between two groups. During the median follow-up of 2,093 days, the incidence rate of all cause death was comparable between female group and male group (5.20 vs. 4.86 % per person-year, log rank p=0.32). The incidence rate of cardiac death was significantly higher in female group than male group (0.98 vs. 0.70 % per person-year, log rank p=0.02) and the incidence rate of vascular death was also significantly higher in female group than male group (0.43 vs. 0.26 % per person-year, log rank p=0.03). The incidence rate of death due to HF, which was main cause of cardiac death, was higher in female group but not significant (0.86 vs. 0.66 % per person-year, log rank p=0.08). We analyzed the proportion of cause of death in each gender, cardiac death and stroke were higher and non-cardiovascular death was lower in female than male group. Conclusion The incidence rates of cardiac death and vascular death were significantly higher in female group than male group, and death due to HF was non-significantly higher in female group. Concerning the proportion of cause of death in each gender, cardiac death and stroke were higher in female than male. The impact of cardiovascular events may be stronger and prevention of them may be more important in female.

Characteristics of sick-listed employees diagnosed with a mental disorder in Germany

Abstract Purpose Employees with mental disorders (MDs) are more likely to exit the labour market prematurely. In Western European countries, characteristics of employees diagnosed with a MD have not been reported comprehensively, hampering targeting the risk group and developing preventive interventions. The aim was to describe the socio-demographic, health, treatment, organisation, job and labour market characteristics of employees diagnosed with a MD in Germany and their gender differences. Methods This cross-sectional study uses baseline data from sick-listed (≥6 weeks) employees diagnosed with a MD, aged 20-60 years, who were patients in the German mental health care, and recruited in the context of a return to work (RTW) intervention evaluation trial (RTW-PIA study). Descriptive T-tests/Chi-2 tests were applied. Results 484 individuals (58.5% female; 31% highly educated, average age 42.6) were included, of which 88.4% had affective disorders. Most were salaried employees working full-time, employed in large companies and having permanent contracts. 65.5% reported moderate depressions and the average work ability was 3.9 on a 0-10 scale. 74.2% had a positive RTW prognosis; 15.3% scored high levels of RTW self-efficacy. Gradual RTW (GRTW) was perceived the most important requirement for RTW (76.9%). More than 60% had discussed various work-related topics during therapy; further RTW-measures were prepared among 47.7%. Almost 60% received a recommendation for GRTW. Significant gender differences were found among the socio-demographic, health, job and labour market characteristics. Conclusions This study gives insights into a hardly investigated group. Almost two thirds had moderate depressions, 84.7% had low RTW self-efficacy and a very low average work ability. This highlights the vulnerability of persons with MDs in the labour market and suggest an urgent need for more work-related (health-)care. Gender differences need to be better addressed in mental health research. Key messages • Comprehensive knowledge of the characteristics of sick-listed employees diagnosed with MDs is crucial for targeting interventions to promote RTW. • Moderate depression scores, low RTW self-efficacy and very low work ability highlight the vulnerability of persons with MDs in the labour market, suggesting an urgent need for more work-related care.

Gender differences in coronary artery disease patterns

Abstract Background Gender differences in clinical presentation, natural history, and prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) have been reported. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) has also been shown to yield higher values in women than men. However, the gender differences in CAD patterns (focal vs diffuse) defined by coronary physiology remain to be studied. Methods This prospective study was performed at 23 sites and enrolled patients with at least one epicardial lesion with an FFR ≤ 0.80 intended to be treated by PCI. All patients underwent a standardized physiological protocol that mandated FFR pullbacks with pullback pressure gradient (PPG) calculation. The aim was to compare CAD patterns, defined by PPG, between genders. Results Overall, 1004 patients were included in the analysis, 236 females (250 vessels) and 768 males (794 vessels). Women were older (69.8 ± 10.3 vs. 67.0 ± 10.1, p <0.001), less frequently smokers (9.7% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.002), had less prior PCI in a non-target vessel (19.1% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.001) and had less prior MIs (14.4% vs. 21.5%, p = 0.021). On the baseline seven-item Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ-7), females reported more physical limitation (70.9 ± 29.5 vs. 80.9 ± 25.1, p < 0.001), more frequent angina (76.7 ± 22.9 vs. 81.5 ± 20.3, p = 0.002) and a lower quality of life (51.8 ± 29.4 vs. 57.8 ± 29.1, p = 0.006) than men for the same degree of flow reduction (FFR 0.69 ± 0.12 vs. 0.67 ± 0.11, p=0.098). In women, the pattern of CAD demonstrated a more focal nature compared to men (PPG 0.65 ± 0.16 vs. 0.61 ± 0.16, p = 0.001). Also, women achieved higher post-PCI FFR (0.88 ± 0.07 vs. 0.87 ± 0.07, p = 0.02). The rate of periprocedural MI was not statistically different between genders (5.1% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.79) Conclusion Among patients with hemodynamically significant CAD, women report more symptoms and lower quality of life. Despite sharing a similar degree of flow impairment, women exhibited a more focal CAD phenotype than men, leading to superior physiological outcomes after PCI.Study flowchartPRO and Phisiology by gender

Workplace health promotion measures and use of medical services in the German Federal Armed Forces

Abstract Introduction Workplace health promotion measures (WHPM) are among recommended options for maintaining employees health, important for the German Federal Armed Forces as an employer. In order to detect associations between WHPM and health care utilization, we recorded the number of outpatient visits and hospital stays, differentiated according to gender, military or civilian activity. Methods Prospective longitudinal observational substudy with cross sectional analysis of items regarding use of medical services at T0 (6-9/2022). Analysis for T1 (2023) and T2 (2024) follow. Data were obtained with a web-based employee survey to record self-reported endpoints. A total of about 224.000 employees by the German Armed Forces were addressed. Results Survey participation rate was 10.5% (n = 23.568) of all employees in T0, 29.1% were women and 0.3% reported being diverse, 43.2% of the participants were <40 years of age. Independently of taking part in WHPM, we did not detect differences in the proportion of male soldiers receiving treatment in hospitals of the German Federal Armed Forces. Among female soldiers without WHPM, 37.5% stayed in hospitals and with WHPM 30.5%. Higher % of women (84%) than men (78%) presented to the military - or family physician (w: 81%, m: 73%), independent of participation in WHPM and assignment for civil or military. In last 4 weeks, more women (81.3%) than men (65.6%) were prescribed medication. Female employees in civilian w.p.(84.8%) took more medications than those in military w.p (77.7%). Oral contraception was used by 20% of women in both civilian and military w.p. Conclusions There are no gender differences nor difference for civilian or military employees concerning the number of days staying in hospital. More women than men recieved regular outpatient medical care and more women than men take medication regularly. *Ludwig S and Roy R share last authorship Key messages • There are no gender differences nor difference for civilian or military employees concerning the number of days staying in hospital. • More women than men recieved regular outpatient medical care and more women than men take medication regularly.

Students’ attitudes towards and willingness to intervene in partner violence against women in Sweden

Abstract Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a global public health problem, shown to be related to gender equality and to attitudes towards IPVAW. In Sweden, however, the reported prevalence of IPVAW is high, despite high levels of gender equality and a clear condemnation of such violence on the societal level. This phenomenon has been referred to as The Nordic paradox. One potential explanation for this paradox is that gender equality measures at the public level are not necessarily comparable to gender equality at a private level. One way to find out more about this is to investigate attitudes towards IPVAW at an individual level, which has so far been done to a limited extent in a Swedish context. In the current study, the aim was to investigate different aspects of attitudes to IPVAW (perceived acceptability, perceived severity, victim-blaming and ambivalent sexism) among university students in Sweden, and whether those attitudes were related to studentś willingness to intervene in cases of IPVAW. Any gender differences related to IPVAW attitudes and willingness to intervene were also examined. The respondents (n = 656, ≥18 years old) were recruited from three different universities and represented different scientific fields (e.g. social, behavioral, and technical sciences). Most of the respondents were undergraduate students and the majority were women (81%). The results showed that the students had rather non-accepting attitudes towards IPVAW overall, but viewed victims as to some extent responsible of the violence they are subjected to. There were no gender differences regarding willingness to intervene in cases of IPVAW, and attitudes to IPVAW were related to willingness to intervene. There were both similarities and differences between male and female students, in terms of how attitudes were linked to willingness to intervene. The presentation will discuss the results and their implications for future research, policy and practice. Key messages • Increased knowledge on attitudes towards IPVAW in Sweden may shed light on the Nordic paradox. • While non-accepting attitudes were found overall, gender differences and tendencies towards victim-blaming were identified.

Prognostic preoperative factors for recurrence of tricuspid regurgitation following annuloplasty: examining the influence of 3d echocardiography

Abstract Introduction The increasing worry revolves around the reappearance of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) following tricuspid annuloplasty (TA) among individuals dealing with functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR). Despite TA's efficacy as a treatment, a complete understanding of the echocardiographic elements influencing the recurrence of TR is pivotal. This knowledge holds the potential to guide the development of more robust preventive strategies, aiming to ease the incidence of recurrent TR after TA. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic value of tricuspid valve (TV) and echocardiographic parameters related to both right ventricular (RV) geometry and function. Specifically, our focus is on understanding these relationships in the context of recurrent TR following TA. Methods This prospective observational cohort study aimed to investigate determinants of recurrent TR post-surgical TV repair. The focus was on patients with moderate or severe functional TR related to left heart valvular disease, primarily severe mitral regurgitation, excluding those with ischemic heart disease. The study involved 66 participants, assessed preoperatively with 2D and 3D echocardiography, examining RV and right atrial (RA) geometry, functional, and TV parameters. TR severity followed ESC guidelines. Two groups were formed: effective TA group (50 patients) and recurrent TR group (16 patients), defined by mild to moderate TR and significant moderate-severe TR one year post-surgery, respectively. Statistical analysis employed SPSS software, with adjusted univariate logistic regression considering age and gender. Results Of the patients, 54% were male, with a mean age of 68±9 years. Echocardiography parameters in Table 1 showed no significant differences in gender, left ventricular, atrial geometrical, functional parameters, or preoperative effective regurgitant TV orifice area between groups (recurrent TR vs. effective TA: 38 [33] mm2 vs. 29 [15] mm2, p=0.117). Univariate logistic regression analysis highlighted RV and RA geometry, along with TV diameter, as predictors for recurrent TR. Notably, 3D TV geometrical parameters had prognostic significance, as confirmed by univariate adjusted logistic regression analysis. Functional RV parameters did not exhibit statistical significance in this analysis. Conclusion In conclusion, the recurrence of moderate-severe functional tricuspid regurgitation following tricuspid annuloplasty is linked to the tricuspid annulus size, as well as the geometry of the right atrium and right ventricle before surgery. Notably, no correlation was identified between the recurrence of TR and alterations in RV function.