Differences In Circumference Research Articles

Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease and Growth Pre- and Post-Transition to a Composite Lipid Emulsion.

Infants with intestinal failure have an increased risk of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). Composite intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) may reduce the risk of cholestasis. The primary outcome was to compare IFALD rates in infants with intestinal failure, between those receiving a composite ILE versus soybean oil ILE. The secondary outcome compared growth between these 2 groups. At our 2 tertiary neonatal/pediatric hospitals, we identified all patients (≤1 year old) who received ≥6 weeks parenteral nutrition (PN) from 2010 to 2018. Data included liver and growth parameters. IFALD was defined as serum conjugated bilirubin (CB) >33 µmol/L (≥2 mg/dL). Nonparametric tests were used for all comparisons. Fifty infants (35 composite ILE, 15 soybean oil ILE) were included. Those on composite ILE received PN for longer (10.1 vs 7.6 weeks; P = 0.001) and had higher baseline CB (29 vs 6.5 μmol/L; P = 0.001). No differences were found by 6 weeks (14.5 vs 5 μmol/L; P = 0.54) and by PN cessation (4 vs 4 μmol/L; P = 0.33). The proportion of patients with IFALD decreased from 54% to 20% for composite ILE, while stable given soybean oil ILE (7%). There were no differences in weight, length, or head circumference z scores ( P > 0.05). In our institutions, over 8 years, chronic intestinal failure was rare. Composite ILE was the predominant lipid choice for infants who needed longer courses of PN or had developed cholestasis. Despite longer PN duration, and higher baseline CB, overall rates of IFALD decreased with composite ILE. Regardless of parenteral lipid used, there were no differences in growth.

A clinical study of liposuction followed by lymphovenous anastomosis for treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema.

In this work, we studied the clinical effect of liposuction followed by lymphovenous anastomosis (LVAs) for the treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). We analyzed 158 patients with unilateral upper limb BCRL who underwent liposuction followed by LVAs 2-4 months later. Arm circumferences before and 7 days after the combined treatments were prospectively recorded. Circumferences of different upper extremities were measured before the procedure, 7 days after LVAs, and during the follow-ups. Volumes were calculated with the frustum method. During the follow-ups, the conditions of patients' treated arms, i.e., the frequency of erysipelas episodes and dependence on compression garments, were recorded. The mean circumference difference between two upper limbs decreased significantly from M (P25, P75) of 5.3 (4.1, 6.9) preoperatively to 0.5 (-0.8, 1.0) (P < 0.05) 7 days after treatments, while at follow-up 0.3 (-0.4, 1.0). The mean volume difference decreased significantly from M (P25, P75) of 838.3 (662.4, 1,129.0) preoperatively to 7.8 (-120.3, 151.4) (P < 0.05) 7 days after treatments, while at follow-up 43.7 (-59.4, 161.1). The incidence of erysipelas also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). 6.3% of patients were already independent of compression garments during the past six months or even more. Liposuction followed by LVAs is an effective method for the treatment of BCRL.

Television viewing and body fat distribution among Bengali school children of Kolkata, India

Background: Childhood obesity is considered as a major concern since a couple of decades. The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is clear and concerns about the future health impact of childhood obesity are currently well documented. Low level of physical activity, high quantity of fat rich junk food consumption and prolonged leisure time with television (TV) viewing were reported to be significantly associated with obesity.&#x0D; Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the association of body fat distribution with television watching among school going Bengali children of Kolkata, India.&#x0D; Sample and Methods: 200 girls (aged 10-15 years) from a very heterogeneous background were selected from one state school. Data on socio-demographic aspects, TV viewing, computer use, physical activity and dietary pattern were collected by pretested questionnaire after obtaining prior consent from competent persons. Anthropometric measurements were taken following standard techniques.&#x0D; Results: Most of the participants preferred fat rich junk food and a few practice regular exercises. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) between groups depending on the duration of TV viewing. The adiposity related variables were standardized by standard deviation score before the inferential analyses. Adjusted multiple linear regression showed positive effects of the duration of TV viewing on BMI (R2=0.233) and MUAC (R2=0.277).&#x0D; Conclusion: Irrespective of economic status, prolonged television watching leads to an adverse body fat distribution among teenage girls of Kolkata.

Effect of Plumage Colour Genes on Body Measurements and Heat Tolerant Traits of Indigenous Chicken

This study was aimed to examine the effect of plumage colour genes on the body measurements and heat tolerant traits of indigenous chicken. A total of two hundred (200) adult chicken with different plumage colours comprising of black, white, red, brown and grey of both sexes reared by smallholder farmers with similar management system in Lafia, Nasarawa state, Nigeria were randomly sampled. Data were collected randomly at five (5) different locations in Lafia as thus: Kwandere, Shabu, Sabon Pegi, Tudun Gwandara and Tudun Amba respectively. Six body traits and four heat tolerant traits were measured on each bird: body length, breast circumference, thigh circumference, foot length, total leg length, wing length and Body temperature, Rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate. There was significant difference (P&lt;0.05) for thigh circumference. The highest values for thigh circumference was observed for the white and grey plumage coloured chicken although not significantly different for those of brown plumage coloured. No significant differences were observed for the body length, breast circumference, wing length, foot length and total leg length for all the plumage coloured chicken. There was significant difference (P&lt;0.05) for respiratory rate and heat stress index. The highest respiratory rate and heat stress index was observed for the white plumage coloured chicken. The white plumage coloured chicken were thermally stressed due to their inability to absorbed and withstand heat. No significant differences were observed for the remaining four plumage colours. Higher values of thigh circumference are the characteristics of meatiness in chicken. The coloured plumage chicken (Black, red, brown and grey) from this study possess the ability to better survive and adapt to heat stress due to their tendencies to absorbed heat compared to their white plumage coloured counterpart.

Sex differences in body composition in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as compared with people with normal glucose metabolism: the Maastricht Study

Aims/hypothesisObesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, body composition differs between women and men. In this study we investigate the association between diabetes status and body composition and whether this association is moderated by sex.MethodsIn a population-based cohort study (n=7639; age 40–75 years, 50% women, 25% type 2 diabetes), we estimated the sex-specific associations, and differences therein, of prediabetes (i.e. impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) and type 2 diabetes (reference: normal glucose metabolism [NGM]) with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)- and MRI-derived measures of body composition and with hip circumference. Sex differences were analysed using adjusted regression models with interaction terms of sex-by-diabetes status.ResultsCompared with their NGM counterparts, both women and men with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes had more fat and lean mass and a greater hip circumference. The differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue, hip circumference and total and peripheral lean mass between type 2 diabetes and NGM were greater in women than men (women minus men [W–M] mean difference [95% CI]: 15.0 cm2 [1.5, 28.5], 3.2 cm [2.2, 4.1], 690 g [8, 1372] and 443 g [142, 744], respectively). The difference in visceral adipose tissue between type 2 diabetes and NGM was greater in men than women (W–M mean difference [95% CI]: −14.8 cm2 [−26.4, −3.1]). There was no sex difference in the percentage of liver fat between type 2 diabetes and NGM. The differences in measures of body composition between prediabetes and NGM were generally in the same direction, but were not significantly different between women and men.Conclusions/interpretationThis study indicates that there are sex differences in body composition associated with type 2 diabetes. The pathophysiological significance of these sex-associated differences requires further study.Graphical abstract

Obesity and weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Many obesity risk factors have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, including physical inactivity, poor diet, stress, and poverty. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as associated lockdowns or restrictions, on weight change in children and adults. We searched five databases from January 2020 to November 2021. We included only longitudinal studies with measures from before and during the pandemic that evaluated the change in weight, body mass index (BMI) (or BMI z-scores for children), waist circumference, or the prevalence of obesity. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to obtain pooled estimates of the mean difference in outcomes. Subgroups were evaluated for age groups and diabetes or obesity at baseline. The risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A total of 74 studies were included (3,213,776 total participants): 31 studies of children, 41 studies of adults, and 2 studies of children and adults. In children, the pooled mean difference was 1.65 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40, 2.90; 9 studies) for weight and 0.13 (95% CI 0.10, 0.17; 20 studies) for BMI z-scores, and the prevalence of obesity increased by 2% (95% CI 1%, 3%; 12 studies). In adults, the pooled mean difference was 0.93 kg (95% CI 0.54, 1.33; 27 studies) for weight and 0.38 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.21, 0.55; 25 studies) for BMI, and the prevalence of obesity increased by 1% (95% CI 0%, 3%; 11 studies). In children and adults, the pooled mean difference for waist circumference was 1.03 cm (95% CI -0.08, 2.15; 4 studies). There was considerable heterogeneity observed for all outcomes in both children and adults, and the certainty of evidence assessed using GRADE was very low for all outcomes. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, small but potentially clinically significant increases in weight gain, BMI, and increased prevalence of obesity in both children and adults were observed. Increases were greater in children, and targeted prevention interventions may be warranted.

Prenatal gender-customized head circumference nomograms result in reclassification of microcephaly and macrocephaly

Local and worldwide prenatal charts for estimated fetal weight and postnatal charts for head circumference are gender specific. However, prenatal head circumference nomograms are not gender customized. This study aimed to create gender-customized curves to assess between-gender head circumference differences and to study the clinical significance of using such gender-customized curves. A single-center retrospective study was conducted between June 2012 and December 2020. Prenatal head circumference measurements were obtained from routine estimated fetal weight ultrasound scans. Postnatal head circumference measurement at birth and gender were retrieved from computerized neonatal files. Head circumference curves were created, and the normal range was defined for the male and female subpopulations. After applying gender-specific curves, we analyzed the outcome of cases classified as microcephaly and macrocephaly according to non-gender-customized curves, which were reclassified as normal according to gender-specific curves. For these cases, clinical information and postnatal long-term outcomes were retrieved from patients' medical records. The cohort included 11,404 participants (6000 males and 5404 females). The curve for male head circumference was significantly higher than the female curve for all gestational weeks (P<.0001). Applying gender customized curves resulted in fewer cases of male fetuses defined as 2 standard deviations above the normal range and female fetuses defined as 2 standard deviations below of the normal range. Cases reclassified as normal head circumference after the application of gender-customized curves were not related to increased adverse postnatal outcomes. The rate of neurocognitive phenotypes was not higher than the expected rate in both male and female cohorts. Polyhydramnios and gestational diabetes mellitus were more common in the normalized male cohort, whereas oligohydramnios, fetal growth restriction, and cesarean delivery were more common in the normalized female cohort. Prenatal gender-customized curves for head circumference can reduce the overdiagnosis of microcephaly in females and macrocephaly in males. According to our results, gender-customized curves did not affect the clinical yield of prenatal measurements. Therefore, we suggest that gender-specific curves be used to avoid unnecessary workup and parental anxiety.

Effects of 12 -week home - based aerobic exercise on insulin resistance and body composition among polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that is characterized by menstrual irregularity and elevated serum androgens, and is often accompanied by insulin resistance. Materials &amp; Methods: In these 12- week prospective study included 86 patients diagnosed with PCOS, aged 24 to 32 years. Excercise are with choice of participants within aerobics. The pre and post assessment were taken to measure the fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and body composition. Result: The HOMA-IR baseline was 1.24(±0.63) which decreased to 0.86(±0.36) after 12 weeks. The Body composition baseline BMI (kg/m2), Waist circumference, Waist Hip ratio, Neck circumference and Body fat percentage was 28.44 (±2.05), 82.56 (±3.43), 0.87 (±0.06), 32.16 (±2.57), and 37.79 (±3.15) was significantly reduced to 27.49(±2.01), 81.16(±3.56), 0.86 (±0.07), 31.97 (±2.43) and 36.55 (±3.36)after the exercise programme (p&lt;0.00001). In contrast, paired T-test analysis showed no such significant difference for variables Hip circumference when compared with the post test. Conclusion: The home-based aerobic exercise programme reduced HOMA-IR, and body composition. Although more research on the effects of aerobic exercises in PCOS is needed, these findings support aerobic exercise's effectiveness in reducing inflammation and enhancing insulin sensitivity in these patients.

Clinical outcomes of AngioJet pharmacomechanical thrombectomy versus catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of filter-related caval thrombosis.

The inferior vena cava filter is utilized worldwide to intercept thrombi and to reduce the risk of fatal pulmonary embolism (PE). However, filter-related thrombosis is a complication of filter implantation. Endovascular methods such as AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy (ART) and catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) can treat filter-related caval thrombosis, but the clinical outcomes of both treatment modalities have not been determined. To compare the treatment outcomes of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy vs catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis. In this single-center retrospective study, 65 patients (34 males and 31 females; mean age: 59.0 ± 13.43 years) with intrafilter and inferior vena cava thrombosis were enrolled between January 2021 and August 2022. These patients were assigned to either the AngioJet group (n = 44) or the CDT group (n = 21). Clinical data and imaging information were collected. Evaluation measures included thrombus clearance rate, periprocedural complications, urokinase dosage, incidence of PE, limb circumference difference, length of stay, and filter removal rate. Technical success rates were 100% in the AngioJet and CDT groups. In the AngioJet group, grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was achieved in 26 (59.09%) and 14 (31.82%) patients, respectively. In the CDT group, grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was accomplished in 11 (52.38%) patients and 8 (38.10%) patients, respectively (P > 0.05).The peridiameter difference of the thigh was significantly reduced in patients from both groups after treatment (P < 0.05). The median dosage of urokinase was 0.08 (0.02, 0.25) million U in the AngioJet group and 1.50 (1.17, 1.83) million U in the CDT group (P < 0.05). Minor bleeding was shown in 4 (19.05%) patients in the CDT group, and when it was compared with that in the AngioJet group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). No major bleeding occurred. Seven (15.91%) patients in the AngioJet group had hemoglobinuria and 1 (4.76%) patient in the CDT group had bacteremia. There were 8 (18.18%) patients with PE in the AngioJet group and 4 (19.05%) patients in the CDT group before the intervention (P > 0.05). Computed tomography angiopulmonography (CTA) showed that PE was resolved after the intervention. New PE occurred in 4 (9.09%) patients in the AngioJet group and in 2 (9.52%) patients in the CDT group after theintervention (P > 0.05). These cases of PE were asymptomatic. The mean length of stay was longer in the CDT group (11.67 ± 5.34 d) than in the AngioJet group (10.64 ± 3.52 d) (P < 0.05). The filter was successfully retrieved in the first phase in 10 (47.62%) patients in the CDT group and in 15 (34.09%) patients in the AngioJet group (P > 0.05).Cumulative removal was accomplished in 17 (80.95%) out of 21 patients in the CDT group and in 42 (95.45%) out of 44 patients in the ART group (P > 0.05). The median indwelling time for patients with successful retrieval was 16 (13139) d in the CDT group and 59 (12231) d in the ART group (P > 0.05). Compared with catheter-directed thrombolysis, AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy can achieve similar thrombus clearance effects, improve the filter retrieval rate, reduce the urokinase dosage and lower the risk of bleeding events in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.

Are the different cut-off points for sitting time associated with excess weight in adults? A population based study in Latin America

BackgroundExcess weight is increasing worldwide, and in Latin America more than half of the population is excess weight. One of the reasons for this increase has been excessive sitting time. Still, it remains to be seen whether there is an excessive amount of that time in Latin American adults. This study aimed to associate different sitting time cut-off points with the excess weight.MethodsData from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a cross-sectional population-based survey conducted in eight Latin American countries, were used. The excess weight indicators used were body mass index, and waist and neck circumferences. Sitting time was obtained using questionnaires and categorized at different cut-off points. Differences between sitting time categories (< 4 or ≥ 4; < 6 or ≥ 6; and < 8 or ≥ 8 hours/day) and excess weight were obtained by Student’s t test for independent samples and the association between sitting time categories and different indicators of excess weight were obtained by logistic regression.ResultsThe median of the sitting time was 420 min/day (IQR: 240–600). There were no significant differences between body mass index (kg/m2) and waist circumference (cm) with categories of sitting time. The mean values of neck circumference (cm) were significantly higher in ≥4, ≥6 and ≥ 8 hours/day than < 4, < 6, and < 8 hours/day of sitting time in the pooled sample. Some distinct differences by country were observed. There were significant differences among excess weight by body mass index (63.2% versus 60.8) with < 8 vs ≥8 hours/day of sitting time. The proportion of excess weight by neck circumference was higher in participants who reported ≥4, ≥6, and ≥ 8 hours/day compared to < 4, < 6, and < 8 hours/day of sitting time. Considering ≥8 hours/day of sitting time, higher odds of excess weight were found evaluated by body mass index (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.20) and neck circumference (OR: 1.13; CI 95%: 1.03, 1.24) overall.ConclusionsSitting time above 8 hours/day was associated with higher odds of excess weight, even though there were no differences in waist circumference between sitting time categories.Trial registrationClinical Trials NCT02226627. (27/08/2014).

Comparison of the effect of modified intermittent fasting and daily calorie restriction on sleep quality, anthropometric data, and body composition in women with obesity or overweight: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundSleep disturbances are common in nearly one-third of adults. Both low quality of sleep and sleep time could be related to increased obesity. An increase in visceral adipose tissue can result in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory cytokines can lead to a disturbance of the sleep-wake rhythm. Therefore, weight loss may improve sleep quality and duration. Intermittent fasting diet as a popular diet reduces body weight and improves anthropometric indices. This study is performed to further investigate the effect of a modified intermittent fasting diet on sleep quality and anthropometric indices.MethodsThis is an open-label randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of daily calorie restriction (control) and modified intermittent fasting (intervention) on sleep quality, anthropometric data, and body composition in women with obesity or overweight for 8 weeks. Fifty-six participants will be classified using stratified randomization based on body mass index (BMI) and age. Then, participants will be assigned to one of the two groups of intervention or control using the random numbers table. The sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and insomnia will be evaluated by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Insomnia Severity Index respectively. The primary outcomes chosen for the study were as follows: the difference in sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, BMI, fat-free mass (FFM), body fat mass, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio from baseline to 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes chosen for the study were as follows: the difference in hip circumference, the visceral fat area, percent body fat, soft lean mass, skeletal muscle mass, extracellular water ratio, and total body water from baseline to 8 weeks.DiscussionThis study will investigate the effect of intermittent fasting intervention compared with daily calorie restriction on sleep quality and anthropometric indices. The information gained will enhance our understanding of fasting interventions, which can be used to improve clinical dietary recommendations. The findings will help to disclose as yet the unknown relationship between diet and sleep quality.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20220522054958N3. Registered on 8 July 2022. https://www.irct.ir/trial/64510.

Effectiveness of Post-operative Single-dose Anticoagulant with Compression Therapy in Preventing Deep Vein Thrombosis after Thermal Ablation of Varicose Veins

Abstract Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism are relatively common diseases and are amenable to therapy but with a potentially fatal outcome if untreated. It is not clear whether patients undergoing varicose vein surgeries should receive a thromboprophylaxis. Furthermore, there is no consensus amongst surgeons with regard to the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgical treatment for varicose veins. The objective of our study was to assess the effectiveness of post-operative single-dose anticoagulant with 48 h of compression therapy in preventing DVT after thermal ablation for varicose veins under spinal anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted amongst 115 patients undergoing endovenous thermal ablation procedure for varicose veins in the Department of General Surgery, Trivandrum. After obtaining detailed history, all patients were assessed clinically for symptoms and signs of varicose veins and graded according to CEAP grading. The patients underwent pre-operative ultrasound Doppler study as per hospital protocol. Thermal ablation (radiofrequency/laser) was done in all selected patients after getting informed consent. Endovenous thermal ablation of veins was done using radiofrequency probe/laser catheter inserted inside the vein under ultrasound guidance after giving tumescence around the vein with normal saline. Phlebectomy of superficial varicosities was done. After thermal ablation of veins and phlebectomy, compression bandaging was given for the limb and continued for 48 h. Single-dose injection enoxaparin 0.4 ml subcutaneous was given after 8 h of procedure. The patient was encouraged for ambulation after recovery from anaesthesia. The patient was examined for swelling, pain, difference in circumference of limb, haematoma formation and appearance of skin and if indicated Doppler study to detect any presence of DVT at post-operative day (POD) 3, 2nd week and 6th week. Then, the proportion of patients developing DVT was taken as a primary outcome. Results: None of the patients in the study group was detected to have DVT of the lower limb during pre-operative venous Doppler study and none of the patients enrolled showed symptoms or signs of DVT during the clinical assessment at POD 3, 2nd week and 6th week after the procedure and a low incidence of DVT is found after thermal ablation procedures. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the use of post-operative single-dose anticoagulant and 48 h of compression therapy and early ambulation as prophylaxis measures prevents DVT.

INFLUÊNCIAS DA GINÁSTICA NA COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL E NA FUNÇÃO CARDIOPULMONAR DE ATLETAS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aerobics is a recreational, ornamental, rhythmic, and expressive sport. It is widely used in physical education in colleges and universities because it is also believed that this sport benefits the cardiopulmonary function and the body composition of the practitioners. Objective: Study the influences of aerobic gymnastics on body composition and cardiopulmonary function in its practitioners. Methods: 40 college students volunteered for the research sample. The living conditions and learning level of the subjects were the same. The students were divided into two groups for research. There was no significant difference between the groups comparing the volunteers’ age, height, and weight. The high-load group performed exercises with a maximum heart rate of 220, while the low-load group performed the same protocol under a maximum heart rate of 195 beats per minute. The intervention took place over 40 and 60 minutes of exercise, respectively, for eight weeks. The POLAR monitor was used to check the kinematic performance of the athletes. The data were processed statistically. Results: Aerobic gymnastics influenced the body composition of college students with significant differences in bust circumference, waist, hip, thigh, and skinfold thickness (P&lt;0.05). The athletes' heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, and diastolic pressure increased significantly after aerobic gymnastics. The study showed that the resting heart rate of the volunteers decreased significantly after exercise, and their lung function returned to normal (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can improve the body composition, physiology, and cardiopulmonary function of its practitioners, and its greater encouragement in colleges and universities is recommended. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Nutritional Assessment of Adult Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis in the Gaza Strip

Malnutrition is a common condition in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients on maintenance HD. After applying eligibility criteria, 141 HD patients attending major governmental dialysis centers were randomly recruited in this cross-sectional study and assessed for nutritional status using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) tool. The PG-SGA categorizes patients as well-nourished, moderately malnourished, and severely malnourished. Different anthropometric measurements, laboratory investigations, blood pressure measurements, and 24-h dietary recall were collected from each patient. According to PG- SGA results, 78% of patients were moderately malnourished and 22% of patients were severely malnourished. The mean body mass index was 27.8 kg/m2, and 5.7% of patients were underweight. There were significant differences in the mid-upper arm muscle circumference (P = 0.020) between the PG-SGA groups. The total energy and protein intake were significantly (P &lt;0.001) less than the recommended dietary intake by 1268.9 kcal and 41.4 g, respectively. The albumin level in 37.6% of patients was less than the normal level, and the results indicated that there were significant differences in serum iron (P = 0.022) between the moderately and severely malnourished patients. The results of this study indicated that all HD patients were suffering from different degrees of malnutrition and, unfortunately, most of their energy and nutrient intake was far less than the requirements, which might be the reason why they face nutritional and health risks.

The Effects of Asymptomatic Coronavirus Disease-2019 on Placenta at Third Trimester Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Study

Objective: By the time coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) had been announced as pandemic, the disease was shown to have a great risk among pregnant woman if lower respiratory system is involved. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics of deliveries with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, investigate transplacental transmission, and compare first-line histopathological findings with healthy controls. Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of consecutive term deliveries at our tertiary hospital's obstetric unit between March and November 2021. Forty-five patients with asymptomatic reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity were matched with 45 controls with negative RT-PCR testing. All newborns of mothers with positive RT-PCR results for COVID19 underwent a nasopharyngeal swab following delivery, and Apgar scores of the newborns were extracted from pediatric charts. Placentas were transported and fixated in 10% formaldehyde solution before pathological evaluation. Results: There were no significant differences in Apgar scores, birth weights, head circumferences, birth height, and genders between the 2 groups. RT-PCR results were negative in all of the newborns, indicating no vertical transmission. Placental focal and global calcification, and choriamnionitis frequencies were similar between the groups, whereas placental fibrin deposits were significantly more frequent in the placentas of infected pregnancies. Conclusion: There was no evidence of vertical transmission and any characteristic feature in the placentas of pregnancies with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. Although no significant clinical implication was found, increased perivillous fibrin deposition in the study group could be a baseline step for the progression of perinatal infection.

The Effects of 3-Month Rosuvastatin Adjuvant Therapy on Post Thrombotic Syndrome following Deep Vein Thrombosis; a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Statins are known to have anticoagulation and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Rosuvastatin in reduction of post thrombotic syndrome (PTS) following deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In this randomized clinical trial, patients who were diagnosed with DVT of lower extremity were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: group 1: Warfarin, group 2: Warfarin + Rosuvastatin, group 3: Rivaroxaban, and group 4: Rivaroxaban + Rosuvastatin. The treatments were followed for 3 months and prevalence of PTS (as primary outcome), as well as the changes in serum levels of D-dimer and C reactive protein (CRP), and the extent of thrombosis before and after the intervention (as secondary outcomes) were compared between groups. 182 patients with the mean age of 55.22 ± 4.1 years finished the trial period (51.64% male). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the baseline characteristics. Based on the Brandjes score, 31 (17.03%) patients had PTS at the end of the study. The occurrence of PTS was significantly lower in the groups taking statins (p<0.0001). Although the change in the mean difference of legs circumference before and after intervention, were significant in all groups (p < 0.05), the differences was more prominent in groups 2 and 4 (p < 0.0001). After 3 months of taking medication, decrease of CRP was more prominent in the statin groups (p = 0.001), and most cases with normal CRP were in statin groups. Among the patients with the serum D-dimer level above 10000 ng/mL, patients in the statin groups experienced significantly more reduction in D-dimer levels than the other groups (p<0.001). Rosuvastatin administration in combination with rivaroxaban or warfarin significantly reduces the level of inflammatory factors including CRP and D-dimer, compared to patients receiving anticoagulants alone. Rosuvastatin administration can significantly reduce the incidence of PTS and cause a difference in the size of the lower limbs within 3 months.

Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Idiopathic Hirsutism Compared to Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Hirsutism affects 5-15% of women of reproductive age. Health-related quality of life (HQOL) is a multidimensional assessment of well-being that considers the physical, social, and emotional aspects associated with a specific disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate HQOL in patients diagnosed with idiopathic hirsutism (IH) and compare it with patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This cross-sectional observational study was performed on 183 female individuals, consisting of 51 patients diagnosed with idiopathic hirsutism, 76 patients diagnosed with PCOS, and 56 healthy volunteers. Participants with a history of neuropsychiatric disorders, under 18 and over 45 years of age, during pregnancy and lactation, with any chronic disease that could interfere with diagnostic laboratory tests, and who had previously been treated for IH or PCOS were excluded from the study. Demographic, anthropometric, laboratory, and clinical data on the cases were recorded. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered in a face-to-face interview by related authors involved in the study. The mean age, level of education, lifestyle, and marital status of all three groups were similar. There were no significant differences in body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference between the groups. Mean modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) scores were similar in the IH and PCOS groups. In the IH patients, the general health and mental health domains of the SF-36 questionnaire scores were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.001 and p=0.026, respectively). When the SF-36 questionnaire scores were compared between the IH and PCOS groups, the general health and role emotional domains were significantly lower in the PCOS group (p=0.013 and p<0.001, respectively), and the other domains were similar. All SF-36 questionnaire domains were significantly and negatively correlated with BMI and waist circumference measurements in IH patients. Both BDI and BAI scores were significantly and positively correlated with BMI (r=0.348, p<0.001, and r=0.162, p=0.012, respectively) and waist circumference (r=0.326, p<0.001, and r=0.344, p<0.001, respectively). Six out of eight domains of the SF-36 QOL scores were significantly and negatively correlated with the mFG scores. Patients diagnosed with IH have impaired HQOL, similar to patients diagnosed with PCOS. Improving HQOL should be a goal when deciding on a management approach for hirsutism, which is one of the most common reasons for referral to endocrinology and dermatology outpatient clinics.

Therapeutic effect of upper extremities exercise based on mirror therapy in the postoperative recovery of shoulder function in breast cancer patients

This study aims to investigate the effect of upper extremities exercise based on mirror therapy in the postoperative recovery of shoulder function in breast cancer patients. A total of 120 patients were selected from January 2021 to December 2021 and randomly divided into the control group (60 cases) and the observation group (60 cases) by random number table method. The control group was given conventional intervention, while the observation group was additionally given mirror therapy. The Constant-Murley Score (CMS), Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score, compliance of shoulder exercise, and arm circumference were compared between the two groups before the intervention and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks or 8 weeks after surgery. After 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks of intervention, patients in the observation group showed higher scores of CMS, lower scores of DASH and better compliance of shoulder exercise than those in the control group. There was no significant difference regarding the bilateral circumference difference of upper limbs between the control group and the observation group. The application of mirror therapy is beneficial to the mobility of shoulder joint, and it promotes the functional recovery of shoulder joint, reduces the occurrence of upper limb dysfunction and increases the compliance of shoulder exercise, whereby preventing lymphedema of the upper extremities in the postoperative shoulder exercise of breast cancer patients.

Effect of Supervised Circuit Resistant Training (CRT) Program on Cardiorespiratory Endurance of Adolescents

The focus of the study was to apply for the supervised circuit resistant training (CRT) Program on cardiorespiratory functions of an adolescent having the same age, gender, and exercise schedule from the Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Dera Ismail Khan. The subjects of the study were accordingly divided into two equal groups, where a was labeled as the Experimental Group (EG) and group B was named as the Control Group (CG). For this purpose, 20 subjects as an experimental group (EG) and subjects as a control group (CG) were selected. The experimental group was given a CRT protocol of eight-week to check the influence of exercise upon functions of cardiorespiratory, whereas the control group was given no treatment. The desired parameters were tested before and after the prescribed exercise protocol for the overall assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness. For this purpose, the researcher used the sphygmomanometer and spirometer to get the readings. The researcher collected the data from all the participants under the guidance of the research supervisor used for further evaluation. According to the analyzed data, the participants of an experimental group showed statistical significant differences in Hip Circumference (HP), Waist-hip ratio (WHR) and Body Mass Index (MBI), Furthermore, results of the test revealed a significant increase in the cardiorespiratory indices (CO, SV, IRV, ERV) among the participants' experimental group.

Comparative analysis of the results of the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using an autograft preparation by known and new methods

Background. To date, the problem of choosing the optimal graft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and the methods for its formation is one of the main trends in the surgical treatment of patients with anterior knee joint instability.The aim. To compare the results of the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the known method and the new proposed method for autograft formation.Materials and methods. The results of treatment of ACL injury in 44 patients were assessed. In the main group (19 patients), an original technique of ACL reconstruction from 1/2 of the width of m. peroneus longus tendon was used. In the control group (25 patients), ACL reconstruction was performed using a graft from the m. semitendinosus tendon prepared by the Lubowitz method.Results. The mean difference in the circumference of the distal third of the hip in the main group was 1.57 ± 1.162 cm and was statistically significantly better than in the control group, where the mean difference in the hip circumference was 4.74 ± 1.7207 cm.The range of motion of the knee joint in the main group 3 months after the surgery was 128.42 ± 9.287°, and in the control group mean flection was 109.6 ± 9.120°.The functional results in the main group were assessed by the Lisholm scale and were statistically significantly better than the results in the control group. The functional results by the AOFAS (American Orthopedic Foot &amp; Ankle Society) scale in the main group were 100 points before the surgery and at all terms after the surgery: this indicates that the use of 1/2 of the width of m. peroneus longus tendon does not cause the its functional impairement.Conclusion. Anterior cruciate ligament plasty with use of 1/2 of the width of m. peroneus longus tendon prepared by the proposed method showed statistically significantly better results compared to the preparation of autograft from semitendinous muscle tendon using known method.