Differences In Cholesterol Levels Research Articles

The Impact of the Apolipoprotein E Genotype on Cardiovascular Disease and Cognitive Disorders.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a critical role in cholesterol transport and protection against the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Humans have 3 prevalent isoforms of ApoE: apolipoprotein E2 (ApoE2), apolipoprotein E3 (ApoE3), and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4). The E4 allele has been associated with higher ASCVD risk. While E4 patients do have higher cholesterol levels, they do not have enough to account for the substantially elevated ASCVD risk relative to E2 and E3 patients. ASCVD risk calculators would underestimate the true effect of E4 if the difference was caused entirely by a difference in cholesterol level. This article reviews the function of ApoE in atherosclerosis, and how each isoform functions differently. We review what is known about the molecular mechanisms through which ApoE prevents endothelial dysfunction and damage, how ApoE stimulates macrophage efflux of cholesterol from atherogenic lesions, and the ways in which ApoE decreases inflammation throughout atherosclerosis. The impact of ApoE on Alzheimer's disease and a discussion of why it is possibly unrelated to ASCVD prevention are included. Clinical applications to hyperlipidemia management and ASCVD prevention in specific patient populations are discussed.

The consumption of walnuts has an impact on decreasing fasting blood glucose levels in individuals with concurrent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia: a randomized control trial

Nationally, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has increased by 0.5%. In 2013, it was approximately 1.5%, rising to 2.0% in 2018. On the other hand, it is known that administering walnut extract can reduce blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of walnut consumption on blood sugar levels. The research was conducted experimentally, using a pre-post test control group design. The research sample consisted of mothers with fasting blood sugar levels ≥200 mg/dL and total cholesterol levels ≥200 mg/dL (hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic). The total sample size was 50 mothers, divided into 2 groups. Samples were selected using simple random sampling. The intervention involved giving 50 grams of walnut (Canarium Indicum L.) daily for 8 weeks to the treatment group. The research was conducted in the working area of the Paccerakang Community Health Center in Makassar City, Indonesia. Statistical analysis was performed using paired T-tests. There was a decrease in fasting blood glucose levels in the treatment group from 244.12 mg/dL to 195.52 mg/dL. In the control group, there was a slight decrease in blood sugar levels from 236.92 mg/dL to 229.96 mg/dL. Paired T-test analysis in the treatment group showed a value of p=0.00, indicating a significant difference in cholesterol levels before and after the intervention in the treatment group. In the control group, the value was p=0.07, indicating no significant difference in cholesterol levels in the control group. Administering 50 grams of walnuts per day for 8 weeks significantly lowered fasting blood sugar levels in hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic mothers.

Dietary Bacillus species modulate lipid metabolism-related parameters, growth, water quality, and bacterial load in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus )

This study examined the impact of supplementing Bacillus spp. mixtures at concentrations of 0.2 g/kg (PRO-0.2) and 0.5 g/kg (PRO-0.5) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for 90 days. Fish groups receiving PRO-0.2 and PRO-0.5 exhibited significantly lower water ammonia levels than the control group, in linear and quadratic patterns. Furthermore, their length and weight increased exponentially over time, peaking at the end of the experiment. After 90 days, the PRO-0.5 group displayed the highest mean weight gain. Additionally, both the PRO-0.2 and PRO-0.5 groups had the lowest food conversion ratios and highest protein efficiency ratios in a linear pattern. They also showed improved liver function, as indicated by lower levels of liver enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) compared to the control group. In terms of the lipid profile, the PRO-0.2 and PRO-0.5 groups had significantly lower serum levels of low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, in linear and quadratic patterns, and cholesterol compared to the control group, with no significant differences in cholesterol levels. High-density lipoprotein increased significantly in both PRO-0.2 and PRO-0.5 groups after 90 days, following a linear pattern. Hepatic alkaline phosphatase levels decreased in both the PRO-0.2 and PRO-0.5 groups, following a significant linear pattern over time. After 30 days, the expression of hepatic fatty acid binding protein 3 (fabp3) significantly decreased in the PRO-0.5 group. Intestinal cluster of differentiation 36 (cd36) and fabp3 expression markedly increased, with cd36 showing the greatest rise. After 90 days, hepatic cd36 expression became prominent in both PRO-0.2 and PRO-0.5 groups. Expression of fas was significantly downregulated in both the PRO-0.2 and PRO-0.5 groups. Notably, hepatic lipoprotein lipase (lpl) expression significantly increased in the supplementation groups after 30 days but decreased significantly after 90 days. Overall, this study highlights the positive impact of dietary mixtures of Bacillus spp. on various aspects, including water quality, growth performance, feed utilization, survivability, expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, lipid profile, body composition, and bacterial load in both water and fish bodies.

Differences in Cholesterol Levels in Coffee Drinkers Without Sugar and Coffee Drinkers With Sugar in The Work Area

Indonesia is one of the coffee-producing countries as well as coffee bean exporters which ranks fourth in the world. Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world which has become a major need for people without realizing it. Based on the results of previous studies that coffee drinkers using sugar can increase cholesterol levels. Excessive cholesterol in the body will accumulate in the walls of blood vessels and cause a condition called atherosclerosis, namely narrowing or hardening of the arteries. This condition is the forerunner of heart disease and stroke. This study aims to determine differences in cholesterol levels in coffee drinkers without sugar and coffee drinkers using sugar in the working area of Karang Pule. This research is an analytical observation using capillary blood samples of respondents who drink coffee without sugar and drink coffee with sugar. The data obtained in this study were recorded and presented in tabular form and analyzed descriptively. From the results of the study, it was found that the results of examining cholesterol levels in coffee drinkers without sugar were 15 people with an average cholesterol level of 169 mg/dl. Meanwhile, coffee drinkers using sugar were 15 people with an average cholesterol level examination of 242 mg/dl

Effect of Gender on Cholesterol Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

In women aged 17-50 years, a decrease in Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels will increase the hormone estrogen which requires cholesterol, so that cholesterol becomes low through inhibition of liver cholesterol biosynthesis. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in cholesterol levels between women and men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The study design was a cross-sectional analytic observational and purposive sampling technique with inclusion criteria of HbA1c > 6.5%. As a result, the average age of the male respondents was 44 years (SD±18.4), HbA1c 8.5% (SD±2.4), and cholesterol 212 mg/dL (SD±40), the average age of females was 58 years old (SD ± 7.7, HbA1c 10.6% (SD ± 3.4), and cholesterol 181 mg/dL (SD ± 37.6). The results of the Mann- Whitney test with p = 0.038 (p <0.05) mean that there is a significant difference in cholesterol levels between men and women, which means there are differences in how the brain works between men and premenopausal women who suffer from type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Suggestions for future researchers, it is necessary to conduct research on High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in premenopausal women regarding the role of estrogen and FSH in regulating cholesterol.

The role of walnuts (Canarium indicum L.) towards reducing blood cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic

Hyperlipidemia is a cardiovascular disease that causes about 18% of cerebrovascular disease and about 56% of heart disease worldwide. High cholesterol levels lead to accumulation of cholesterol. Walnuts have the potential to lower cholesterol levels. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of walnut consumption in hyperlipidemic patients on lowering cholesterol. This is an experimental research with pre-post test control group design. The research sample in the first year was mothers who had blood cholesterol levels of 200 mg/dl (hypercholesterolemia). A total of fifty (50) mothers consisting of 2 (two) groups, with 25 mothers as the treatment group and 25 mothers as the control group. Statistical analysis using test paired t-test was used to see the difference in the cholesterol levels before and after the intervention of each group. Cholesterol levels in the treatment group decreased from 242.60 mg/dl to 208.12 mg/dl and in the control group from 248.60 mg/dl to 243.16 mg/dl. The results of the paired T-Test analysis in the treatment group showed a value of p = 0.00 meaning that there was a significant difference in cholesterol levels before and after the intervention in the treatment group. In the control group the value of p = 0.75 means that there is no significant difference in cholesterol levels in the control group. Feeding 50 grams/day walnuts for 8 weeks give effect to significant reduction of cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic mothers.

Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Gene Expression and Inflammation in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Diabetic Rats.

Bariatric surgery improves dyslipidaemia and reduces body weight, but it remains unclear how bariatric surgery modulates gene expression in fat cells to influence the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene expression. The expression of the PCSK9/LDLR/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) gene in adipose tissue was measured in two groups of Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) rats after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery or 'SHAM' operation. There was lower PCSK9 (p = 0.02) and higher LDLR gene expression (p = 0.02) in adipose tissue in rats after RYGB. Weight change did not correlate with PCSK9 gene expression (r = -0.5, p = 0.08) or TNFα gene expression (r = -0.4, p = 0.1). TNFα gene expression was positively correlated with PCSK9 gene expression (r = 0.7, p = 0.001) but not correlated with LDLR expression (r = -0.3, p = 0.3). Circulating triglyceride levels were lower in RYGB compared to the SHAM group (1.1 (0.8-1.4) vs. 1.5 (1.0-4.2), p = 0.038) mmol/L with no difference in cholesterol levels. LDLR gene expression was increased post-bariatric surgery with the potential to reduce the number of circulating LDL particles. PCSK9 gene expression and TNFα gene expression were positively correlated after RYGB in ZDSD rats, suggesting that the modulation of pro-inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue after RYGB may partly relate to PCSK9 and LDLR gene expression.

The Effect of Phytase Addition in Promoting Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Sesame Seed Meal on the Hematological and Biochemical Criteria of Common Carp Fish Cyprinus carpio L.

The goal of this study is to study the effects of substitution of soybean meal by sesame seed meal in the diet of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Fish were fed seven experimental diets that included soybean meal substituted with sesame seed at 25, 35 and 45 percent, respectively, in the second, fourth and sixth diets and phytase (1200 IU\\ Kg) added with the same replacement in the third, fifth and seventh diets, as well as the control diet (first diet). The data analysis of the edible portion of the body demonstrated a significant superiority (P ≤ 0.05) in the dry matter and crude protein criterion for fish fed the phytase-containing ration over the control ration. The high ether extract and proportion of phosphorus deposited in the bodies of fish fed the fourth and seventh diets, but the percentage of ash did not differ significantly from the control diet. Fish fed the third diet had a significant increase in PCV, Hb and TP, whereas fish fed the seven diets had such a significant increase in the value of globulin when compared to the other experimental diets. When fish were fed the seventh diet compared to the control diet, albumin levels were significantly higher, while glucose levels were lower significantly in control compared with the rest of the experimental rations. However, there was no significant difference in cholesterol levels between the different experimental treatments. As fish were given the seventh diet, the percentage of triglycerides increased significantly and the ALT and AST criteria decreased significantly when compared to the control diet.

Effect of Diabetic Exercise on Reducing Cholesterol Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in the Prolanis Exercise Group Argasunya

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or diabetes is a condition of disturbed metabolism in the body caused by the body's inability to produce and distribute the hormone insulin, causing instability in blood glucose levels. DM patients besides experiencing an increase in blood sugar levels also increase cholesterol levels caused by the body's inability to synthesize glucose into energy so that energy is formed from fat synthesis which can cause lipid deposits in the form of cholesterol. Management of diabetes mellitus (DM) which consists of diet, education, pharmacology and physical exercise. One of the physical exercise efforts is diabetes exercise, if done regularly it can burn 150 calories per day and is important in lowering plasma cholesterol through regulatory mechanisms.Method: This study aims to determine the effect of physical exercise on reducing cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Prolanis Benowo Sukoharjo gymnastics group. This research is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental design approachone group pretest-posttest. The sample in this study was patients with type 2 DMas many as 30 people, with statistical analysis using (paired sample t-test) withp-value (0.05).Results:The mean difference in cholesterol levels betweenpre andpost exercise in respondents who did gymnastics once a week for 4 weeks with a duration of 30 minutes per session was 35.8 with an SD of 34.7. While valuep (value) 0.000, meaning that there is a significant decrease in cholesterol levels betweenpre andpost physical exercise in respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion:There is an effect of diabetes exercise on reducing cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after being controlled with cholesterol medication in the prolanis exercise group.

Hepatic, Muscle and Intestinal Oxidative Status and Plasmatic Parameters of Greater Amberjack (Seriola dumerili, Risso, 1810) Fed Diets with Fish Oil Replacement and Probiotic Addition.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fish oil replacement with a mixture of vegetable oils and probiotic supplementation on plasma biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and antioxidant ability of Seriola dumerili. Specimens with an initial weight of 175 g were used. Four feeds were formulated with 0% (FO-100), 75% (FO-25), and 100% (FO-0 and FO-0+ with the addition of Lactobacillus probiotics) substitution of fish oil with a mixture of linseed, sunflower, and palm oils. After 109 days, no significant differences were observed in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver, foregut, and hindgut, only glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the liver was higher in the fish fed the FO-100 diet than in those fed the FO-0 diet. No significant differences were observed in the total, reduced, and oxidized glutathione and the oxidative stress index in the liver. In addition, lipid peroxidation in the liver and red muscle values were higher in the fish fed the FO-100 diet than in the fish fed the FO-0+ diet, however, the foregut of the fish fed the FO-100 diet presented lower values than that of the fish fed the FO replacement diet, with and without probiotics. There were significant differences in cholesterol levels in the FO-100 group; they were significantly higher than those observed with the fish diets without fish oil. To sum up, fish oil can be replaced by up to 25% with vegetable oils in diets for Seriola dumerili juveniles, but total fish oil substitution is not feasible because it causes poor survival. The inclusion of probiotics in the FO-0+ diet had no effects on the parameters measured.

Abstract P3-03-29: SMARTphone-Based Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Breast Cancer Patients [SMART-BREAST]: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Introduction Breast cancer survivors are at greater risk for cardiovascular-related mortality compared to women without breast cancer. Accordingly, attention to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease must be a priority in the long-term management of these patients. Objective To assess the efficacy of a smartphone-based model of care for exercise promotion, cardiovascular risk reduction and psychological wellbeing in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Methods Female patients with breast cancer across four tertiary Australian hospitals were screened for inclusion in this randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to standard care (SC), with or without an adjunctive smartphone application ‘BreastMate’ (SP) at time of diagnosis. The primary endpoint was change in exercise capacity, measured by the change in six-minute walk test (6MWT) distance at 12-months when compared to baseline, between groups. Secondary endpoints included changes in cardiovascular risk factors, psychological wellbeing, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results Of the 103 patients recruited, complete follow-up data was available in 80 (77.7%) patients (age 60±12 years, SP=41, SC=39). At 12-months follow-up, the SP group had a statistically and clinically significant improvement in 6MWT distance (Median Δ46 (IQR 28 to 63) metres vs. Δ8 (-10 to 35) metres; p< 0.001). Compared to SC, patients in the SP group had a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure (Δ-5.1 (-10 to 0) vs 0 (-10 to 7) mmHg; p=0.03) and waist circumference (Δ-1 (-4 to 0) vs 0 (-1.5 to 1) centimetres; p=0.003) as well as a greater improvement in vitality as measured by the sf-36 questionnaire (48.1 ± 18.4 to 63.3±19.2 vs 48.3 ± 24.2 to 59.6±18.8; p=0.04). There was no significant difference in cholesterol levels, diabetes control, smoking cessation or incidence of MACE between groups (p-value for all=NS). Conclusion In patients with breast cancer, a smartphone-based cardiovascular risk reduction program, as an adjunct to standard care, improved exercise capacity, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference and patient-reported vitality at 12-months. This innovative model of care could be implemented to improve the cardiovascular risk profile of breast cancer survivors. Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR12620000007932). Citation Format: Alexandra C. Murphy, Omar Farouque, Anoop N. Koshy, Belinda Yeo, Ron Dick, Voltaire Nadurata, Laura Roccisano, Christopher Reid, Matias Yudi. SMARTphone-Based Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Breast Cancer Patients [SMART-BREAST]: A Randomized Controlled Trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-03-29.

The Administration of Dutch Teak Leaf Tea Extract (Guazama Ulmifolia lamk) in Reducing Cholesterol Levels in Depo Acceptors

Depo hormonal contraceptives are significantly effective contraceptives with a low failure rate. Women who apply this contraceptive may experience several side effects on fat metabolism, which is an increase and decrease in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The objective of this study was to identify the influence of Dutch teak leaves (Guazuma Ulmifolia Lamk) on the cholesterol levels in the Depo acceptors. Quasi-experiment research design with one group pretest posttest design model. The pretest was completed first by the total number of samples which is 60 respondents. Furthermore, 250 ml of Dutch teak tea is consumed every morning and evening after eating. The intervention lasted two weeks, followed by a retest (posttest). Dutch tea pre and post results were analyzed employing t-test statistics on variable body weight (p = 0.706), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.322), and cholesterol (p = 0.001), and the Wilcoxon test on diastolic pressure variables (p = 0.043) and triglycerides (p = 0.417). With a p-value of 0.001, it demonstrates that there is a significant difference in cholesterol levels after being treated with Dutch teak tea. With a p-value greater than 0.05, there was no difference in triglycerides, weight, or blood pressure after receiving Dutch teak tea treatment. An increase in cholesterol levels is one of the side effects of DMPA acceptors. Therefore, consuming Dutch teak leaves is an alternative treatment option.

The Effect of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria Ternatea) Extract on Reducing Total Cholesterol Levels in Rattus norvegicus with the Hypercholesterolemia Model

Hypercholesterolemia is a metabolic disorder disease characterized by increased blood cholesterol levels above normal limits. Many studies support the use of statins as cholesterol-lowering agents that work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase so that cholesterol secretion decreases. The use of statins is often prescribed in the long term which results in side effects such as myotoxicity, myopathy, myalgia, myositis, and rhabdomyolysis. A study is needed on butterfly pea flower or Clitoria ternatea which is known to contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, triterpenoids and phytosterols. This content can work as an antioxidant that helps lower cholesterol levels in the blood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of butterfly pea flower extract (Clitoria Ternatea) on reducing total cholesterol levels in Rattus norvegicus with the hypercholesterolemia model. This research is based on laboratory experiments with pre and posttest control group design. The sample used in this study was male white rats (Rattus norvegicus), 2-3 months old, weighing ± 200 grams. It was found that the average difference in cholesterol levels in the control group (C) was 10.34 ± 0.06 which indicated that there was a not too significant increase. In the simvastatin group (S), treatment group 1 (G1), treatment 2 (G2), and treatment 3 (G3) had a mean difference in total cholesterol levels which showed a decrease with the results S = -62.17 ± 4.4 G1 = -52.33 ± 3.08 G2 = -55.17 ± 2.13 and G3 = -59.34 ± 0.49. The One Way Anova test a significance value of p <0.05 was obtained which indicated a significant difference. It can be concluded that, administration of ethanol extract of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) can reduce total cholesterol levels in the blood.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of non-drug methods of hypercholesterolemia treatment

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most common pathological conditions and plays a signifi cant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension (AH), type 2 diabetes mellitus, etc. The aim of the study was to evaluate the population potential of non-drug methods for cholesterol level correction. Material and methods. 3 groups were formed on a voluntary basis out of the 2013 initially surveyed people with high cholesterol (˃ 6.4 mmol/l). In the 1st group, consisting of 89 residents, it was recommended to reduce the energy value to less than 2500 kcal/day. The 2nd group consisted of 92 residents who agreed to a daily increase in physical activity (PhA) to reduce the high level of cholesterol (˃ 6.4 mmol/l). In the 3rd group, consisting of 96 residents, both measures were recommended, i. e. not to exceed the energy value of the food intake and increase daily physical activity. Control studies of cholesterol level were carried out 6–8 months after starting the work. Results and discussion. In the 1st group of residents the diff erence in cholesterol levels at the beginning of work and 6–8 months after its completion was 10.6 ± 1.3 and 6.6 ± 0.7 mmol/l, (t = 2.70; p ˂ 0.01) respectively. In the 2nd group of residents a decrease in the cholesterol level was noted as well — from 9.7 ± 0.9 to 6.6 ± 0.6 mmol/l (t = 2.87; p ˂ 0.01). Group 3showed a similar decrease in the level of cholesterol level from10.4 ± 1.1 to 6.9 ± 0.8 mmol/l (t = 2.59; p ˂ 0.01). Thus, non-drug therapy provides a noticeable decrease in cholesterol level, which is of great importance, they do not provide the achievement of the classical norm of cholesterol level (˂ 5.0 mmol/l). Conclusions. Non-drug correction of cholesterol is quite effective. It is necessary to fi nd accessible ways to increase preventive motivation, medical awareness of the population, adherence to therapeutic and preventive measures and assess the quality of life in accordance with the dynamics of changes in cholesterol levels.

Novel application of microdissection tungsten needle in total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma.

BackgroundEnergy-based devices (EBD) have been popularized in thyroidectomy worldwide. Microdissection tungsten needle (MDTN) is characterized by the ultra-sharp tip providing safe and meticulous dissection with effective hemostasis. However, little study has applied MDTN in thyroidectomy.MethodsThis retrospective study compared clinical data of the patients who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) with central neck dissection (CND) using MDTN, harmonic scalpel (HS), and conventional electrocautery (CE). We assessed outcomes related to surgical efficacy and safety. The injury degree of tissue was assessed by biochemical indicators and early-stage inflammatory factors in the drainage fluid. Histological sections of the thyroid specimens were evaluated to compare levels of thermal damage by the three EBD.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in the intraoperative blood loss, operation time and 24-hour drainage volume in the MDTN group compared to the CE group. The total drainage volume, duration of drainage, and average length of stay of the MDTN group were less compared to the CE group though they did not reach statistical significance. No disparity was observed between the MDTN group and HS group in these variables. Total costs were not significantly different among these groups. The incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury was the lowest using MDTN compared to the CE (P = 0.034) and HS (not significant). No statistical differences were observed among these groups regarding postoperative wound pain and infection, hypoparathyroidism, and postoperative hemorrhage. Analysis of biochemical indicators showed a lower level of hemoglobin in the MDTN and HS group than the CE group (P = 0.046 and 0.038, respectively) and less triglyceride in the HS group than the MDTN and CE group (P = 0.002 and 0.029, respectively) but no significant difference in cholesterol level in these groups. Early-stage inflammatory factors including TNF-α and IL-6 showed significantly higher concentration in the CE group than the MDTN and HS group. Histological sections of thyroid specimens revealed that MDTN caused the lowest degree of thermal damage followed by HS then CE. ConclusionMDTN exhibited comparable surgical efficacy and safety outcomes as HS in thyroidectomy. Therefore, MDTN is a safe and viable alternative for hemostasis in thyroidectomy.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK UBI JALAR UNGU DAN EKSTRAK BUAH BIT TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL PADA TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIBERI DIET TINGGI LEMAK

Cardiovascular disease is a disease that often occurs in Indonesia. Cholesterol and free radicals can stimulate an increase in oxidative stress on the walls of the coronary arteries which can trigger coronary heart disease. Ipomea Batatas and Beta Vulgaris L contain flavonoids and betalains which is useful to lower cholesterol levels in the body to prevent cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of purple sweet potato and beetroot extract on cholesterol levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. The study design was an experimental study using the Post Test Only Control Group Design method with a sample of 24 male wistar rats fed a high-fat diet and divided into 4 groups. Aquadest was given to the control group (K-) while Ipomea Batatas extract (P1), Beta Vulgaris L extract (P2) and a combination of Ipomea Batatas and Beta Vulgaris L extract (P3) were given to the treatment group. Cholesterol levels will be tested using photometrics with Diasys Cholesterol reagent using blood serum. Data is analyzed with One Way ANOVA. This research showed that there were significant differences in cholesterol levels between the control group and the treatment group given purple sweet potato extract and combination extract with a P value &lt;0.05. The cholesterol level of Group K- 116.8 mg/dL, P1 88.8 mg/dL, P2 99.0 mg/dL, and P3 92.5 mg/dL In conclusion, purple sweet potato extract and the combination extract could reduce cholesterol levels in male wistar rats fed a high-fat diet.&#x0D; Keywords: Ipomoea batatas, Beta vulgaris L, Cholesterol Levels

CHOLESTEROL LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER CONSUMING SAUSAGE

Cholesterol is a component of fat forming yellow and in the form of wax which is produced by the liver. One of the foods that can increase cholesterol levels is meat sausage. These food ingredients, if consumed in excess amounts, will increase fat levels in the body, which in turn will increase total cholesterol levels in the blood (hypercholesterolemia). In this millennial era, many foods are produced fast using raw materials from processed meat, one of which is sausage. Sausage is one of the foods that are high in fat, so there will be an increase in fat levels in the body when a person consumes 50 grams of sausage (half a portion). Methods: This research uses analytic / inferential research, namely pre-experiment. There were 20 subjects used.The average (mean) blood cholesterol level before consuming sausage was 203.51 mg / dL and the mean (mean) blood cholesterol level after consuming sausage was 207.67 mg / dL. Furthermore, the results obtained after statistical testing using the paired T-Test, namely p value = 0.056, meaning that there was no significant difference in cholesterol levels before and 2 hours after consuming sausages.In this study it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in cholesterol levels before and 2 hours after consuming 75 grams of sausage (1 serving).

Effect of Raphanus sativus on Glucose, Cholesterol and Triglycerides Levels in Glucose Loaded Rats

Background: In fact, diabetes is now a serious health concern, and the import of medications from other countries consumes a significant amount of foreign cash each year. The effects of Raphanus satives (Radish) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus were evaluated scientifically in this study. Thyroid hormone increases metabolic actions in almost every tissue, and the current study was an attempt to evaluate scientifically the effects of Raphanus satives (Radish) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.Objectives: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Raphanus sativus (Radish) on induced hyperglycemic rats.Methods: An oral administration of ethanolic extract of Radish in glucose loaded rats at dose of 250mg/k body weight, standard group was administered with 10mg/kg of hypoglycemic drug glibenclamide for 2 consecutive weeks. The control group was given distilled water only. After the two weeks' time, the groups were subjected to a glucose tolerance test and measurement of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Results: significant reduction of blood glucose was observed (P &lt;0.001), when compared with the control group at 2 hours after glucose loud. Radish ethanolic extract did not present any significant difference in cholesterol level after 2 weeks compared with start point. No significant difference was seen in triglyceride level after 2 weeks of administration of Radish extract compared with start point. Radish extract(250 mg/kg) did not affect kidney function creatinin and urea, also liver function were not affected Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Glutamic-Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), albumin, total protein and bilirubin, this means administration of increased doses to hyperglycemic subjects can be considered safe. CONCLUSION: In this investigation, doses of radish extract (250 mg/kg) had no effect on renal function, creatinin, and urea, as well as liver function. Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Glutamic-Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), albumin, total protein, and bilirubin .Keywords: Raphanus sativus, extract, hypoglycemic, glucose, rats

Plant protein reduces serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemia hamsters by modulating the compositions of gut microbiota and metabolites

SummaryPlant proteins exert effects of reducing cardio-cerebrovascular disease-related mortality partly via cholesterol-lowering, which was associated with gut microbiota. Here, we verify that there are significant differences in cholesterol levels among hamsters consuming different proteins. The decisive roles of gut microbiota in regulating host cholesterol are illustrated by the fact that the difference in serum cholesterol levels between hamsters feeding with pea protein and pork protein disappeared when treated with antibiotics. The results of cross-over intervention of pea and pork protein show that serum cholesterol levels are reversed with dietary exchange. The corresponding changes in microbiota suggest that Muribaculaceae are responsible for the inhibitory effect of pea protein on serum cholesterol level, whereas the opposite effect of pork protein is due to Erysipelotrichaceae. Moreover, pea protein supplement alters cecal metabolites including arginine/histidine pathway, primary bile acid biosynthesis, short-chain fatty acids, and other lipid-like molecules involved in cholesterol metabolism.

Effect of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Leaves against Cholesterol Levels in Wistar Rats with Atherogenic Diet

Introduction : The risk of atherosclerosis increases when elevated blood cholesterol levels. Flavonoids may help inhibit the absorption of fat, which indirectly helps in lower cholesterol levels.Flavonoids are widely available on the Andrographis paniculata leaves (APL).This study aims to examine the effect of flavonoids in APL stewto lower the cholesterol levels. Material and Methods: This research was carried out using five different groups of Wistarrats. Each group consists of five Wistar rats. Group (K-) received normal diet, group (K+) received atherogenic diet and three groups of atherogenic diets rats that pre-treated with three different doses (0.6, 1.2, and 2.4g/day) of APL leaf stew. APL stew is orally gavaged for 60 days. The cholesterol blood serum was analyzed using the CHOD-PAP method. Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey. Results : The results showed a significant difference in cholesterol levels between the groups of theatherogenic diet with other treatment groups (p = 0.000).When compared with thenormal diet group, treatment with 1.2 g and 2.4 g of APL produce cholesterol levels not significantly different.APLstew has been shown to inhibit the elevated levels of serum cholesterol in male Wistar rats that fed with the atherogenic diet which contributed 54.8%.While fat intake increased the cholesterol level by 16.3%.Both APL stew and fat dose intake together affect the formation of cholesterol with a contribution of 69.2%. Conclusion : The dose that is considered as the most effective in lowering cholesterol is 2.4 g becauseit producescholesterol level closest to normal.