Dietary Vitamin B6 Research Articles

A metabolomic endotype of bioenergetic dysfunction predicts mortality in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) requiring mechanical ventilation, a complicating factor in sepsis and other disorders, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite its severity and prevalence, treatment options are limited. In light of accumulating evidence that mitochondrial abnormalities are common in ARF, here we applied broad spectrum quantitative and semiquantitative metabolomic analyses of serum from ARF patients to detect bioenergetic dysfunction and determine its association with survival. Plasma samples from surviving and non-surviving patients (N = 15/group) were taken at day 1 and day 3 after admission to the medical intensive care unit and, in survivors, at hospital discharge. Significant differences between survivors and non-survivors (ANOVA, 5% FDR) include bioenergetically relevant intermediates of redox cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NAD phosphate (NADP), increased acyl-carnitines, bile acids, and decreased acyl-glycerophosphocholines. Many metabolites associated with poor outcomes are substrates of NAD(P)-dependent enzymatic processes, while alterations in NAD cofactors rely on bioavailability of dietary B-vitamins thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine. Changes in the efficiency of the nicotinamide-derived cofactors’ biosynthetic pathways also associate with alterations in glutathione-dependent drug metabolism characterized by substantial differences observed in the acetaminophen metabolome. Based on these findings, a four-feature model developed with semi-quantitative and quantitative metabolomic results predicted patient outcomes with high accuracy (AUROC = 0.91). Collectively, this metabolomic endotype points to a close association between mitochondrial and bioenergetic dysfunction and mortality in human ARF, thus pointing to new pharmacologic targets to reduce mortality in this condition.

Vitamin B6 Status among Vegetarians: Findings from a Population-Based Survey.

Vitamin B6 from plant foods may have lower bioavailability than vitamin B6 from animal foods, but studies on objectively measured vitamin B6 status among vegetarians compared to non-vegetarians are lacking. Thus, the vitamin B6 status among vegetarians, but also pescatarians, and flexitarians, compared to meat-eaters was assessed in the population-based NHANES study (cycles 2007–2008 and 2009–2010). Data on serum pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) and 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as dietary intakes from 24-h recalls were available for 8968 adults aged 20–80 years. Geometric mean (±standard error) PLP concentrations were 58.2 ± 6.0, 52.1 ± 3.7, 49.2 ± 4.6 and 51.0 ± 1.1 nmol/L among vegetarians, pescatarians, flexitarians, and meat-eaters. The 4-PA concentrations were 32.7 ± 4.0, 29.0 ± 2.5, 34.8 ± 5.6 and 33.0 ± 0.7, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in PLP, 4-PA, and their ratio across the groups in multivariable linear regression models. Overall, the use of vitamin B6 supplements was the strongest predictor of the vitamin B6 status, followed by the dietary vitamin B6 intake. Interestingly, several other covariates were significantly associated with vitamin B6 biomarker levels, particularly serum albumin, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase, and should be considered when assessing the vitamin B6 status. In summary, our findings suggest that a vegetarian diet does not pose a risk for vitamin B6 deficiency.

Associations of dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with the risk of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The results from epidemiologic studies on the intake of dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 and association with risk of developing depression have been inconsistent. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the existing evidence and synthesize the results. The databases of Web of Science and PubMed were searched for relevant articles published in English until September 2020. Observational studies that evaluated the associations between depression and dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 were included in this study. The job of data extraction was undertaken by 2 authors, and the pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model. Thirteen articles related to 18 studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled RR (95% CI) of depression for the highest vs the lowest category of dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 was 0.69 (0.55-0.87), 0.77 (0.67-0.89), 0.81 (0.71-0.93), and 0.86 (0.75-0.99), respectively. The pooled RR (95% CI) of depression for the highest vs the lowest category of dietary vitamin B2 was 0.80 (0.64-0.99) in females and 0.83 (0.67-1.02) in males, for dietary vitamin B6 was 0.71 (0.59-0.86) in females and 0.92 (0.76-1.12) in males, and for dietary vitamin B12 was 0.79 (0.65-0.97) in females and 0.94 (0.77-1.15) in males. This study suggested that the intake of dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 may be inversely associated with the risk of depression; the inverse associations observed between depression and intake of dietary vitamin B2, B6, and B12 were significant in females, but not in males. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

Sleep Quality Is Associated with Vitamin B12 Status in Female Arab Students.

Studies have explored how vitamin B12 status affects sleep among elders and children, but this remains to be investigated among young adults. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess the association between serum vitamin B12 and sleep among female college students in Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 355 participants (age (years), 20.7 ± 1.5; body mass index, 23.6 kg/m2 ± 5.2) at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Fasting blood samples were analyzed regarding the serum vitamin B12 and blood lipids. Anthropometric, socio-demographic, clinical history, stress, physical activity, and dietary data were collected. We assessed the sleep statuses of the participants using the PSQI. Around 72% of the participants were “poor” sleepers (PSQI > 5). Subgroup analysis within the tertiles showed that participants with higher vitamin B12 in the second and third tertiles reported better scores for sleep quality (B ± SE = −12.7 ± 5.6, p = 0.03; B ± SE = −32.7 ± 16.4, p = 0.05, respectively) and also reported a lower use of sleep medication (B ± SE = −21.2 ± 9.9, p = 0.03, in the second tertile only), after adjusting for the waist–hip ratio and stress. However, sleep was not found to be directly associated with either serum vitamin B12 or dietary vitamin B12. In conclusion, the serum vitamin B12 results show that the participants with higher vitamin B12 in the second and third tertiles reported better scores on the sleep quality scale and a lower use of sleep medication. However, no such associations were observed with the overall PSQI. More studies with larger sample sizes are needed to establish a direct relationship between sleep and vitamin B12.

Pengaruh Pemberian Diet Restriksi Vitamin B12 Pada Tikus: Kajian Insulin dan Glukosa Plasma

Background: Deficiency of vitamin B12 remains a health problem in both developed and developing countries. Many journal studies showed an association between deficiency of vitamin B12 and metabolic disorder, one of which is insulin resistance, one of the most significant metabolic diseases. Resistance to insulin may be assessed by changes in plasma glucose and insulin levels. This study explored a possible relationship between vitamin B12 restriction and glucose metabolism.
 Materials and Methods: This study used an experimental method of 18 male Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus, 300-400 gram, age 7-8 months), divided into three groups: control (G1), four weeks treatment group (G2 ) and 12-week treatment group (G3). In the control group, regular feed, the standard diet was given, while the treatment group was assigned vitamin B12, AIN-93M deficiency feed according to the treatment age.
 Results: Plasma glucose increased in treatment group after 4 weeks (control vs P1= 104.7 ± 5.04 vs 206.8 ± 4.5 p = 0.000) and 12 weeks (control vs P3 = 99.9±6.3 vs 144.7±6.8 p<0.01). Plasma insulin decreased in treatment group after 4 weeks (control vs P1=63.8 ± 1.5 vs 59.9 ± 0.7 p > 0.05) and 12 weeks (control vs P3 = 61.5±0.64 vs 57.4±1 p>0.05).
 Conclusion: Increased homocysteine deficiency due to dietary vitamin B12 can cause insulin resistance syndrome. As a result, glucose and plasma insulin levels are disrupted
 Keywords: Homocysteine, vitamin B12 Deficiency, Glucose, Insulin, Insulin Resistance

The association between dietary vitamin B12 and lung cancer risk: findings from a prospective cohort study.

Since previous epidemiological studies reported inconsistent associations between dietary vitamin B12 intake and lung cancer risk, more studies are warranted to clarify this association in different populations. The association between dietary B12 intake and lung cancer risk was examined in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of 63 257 Singaporean Chinese men and women, 45-74 years of age at enrollment during 1993-1998 and were followed up for incidence of lung cancer for up to 25 years. Dietary vitamin B12 intake was derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard regression method was used to estimate hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) of lung cancer associated with dietary vitamin B12 intake with adjustment for multiple potential confounders. After a mean follow-up of 17.64 years, 2001 study participants developed lung cancer. High levels of vitamin B12 intake were associated with significantly increased risk of lung cancer (Ptrend = 0.03). Compared with the lowest quintile, hazard ratios (95% CIs) of lung cancer for quintile 2, 3, 4, and 5 of vitamin B12 intake were 1.09 (0.95-1.25), 1.11 (0.96-1.28), 1.11 (0.97-1.29) and 1.18 (1.03-1.35), respectively. This positive association was more apparent in men than in women, in adenocarcinoma patients, or in participants with equal or less than 2 years follow-up than those with longer duration of follow-up. Higher intake of dietary vitamin B12 was associated with increased risk of lung cancer. This highlights the potential harmful effect of vitamin B12 supplementation for lung cancer.

Vitamin B12 may play a preventive role in esophageal precancerous lesions: a case-control study based on markers in blood and 3-day duplicate diet samples.

It is hypothesized that vitamin B12 may prevent tumor initiation during the early stage of carcinogenesis such as esophageal precancerous lesions (EPL), whereas an excessive level may promote tumor progression during the later stages of carcinogenesis. This study aimed to determine the role of vitamin B12 in EPL by detecting vitamin B12-related markers in both blood and diet. This case-control study based on 3-day duplicated diet samples was conducted in a high-risk area of Huai'an, China. A 100 EPL cases and 100 healthy controls matched by gender, age (± 2years) and villages were included. Dietary intake of vitamin B12 and cobalt, plasma cobalt level, the serum levels of vitamin B12 and transcobalamin II (TC II) were quantitatively analyzed. Dietary vitamin B12 intake (p for trend = 0.384) and plasma cobalt level (p for trend = 0.253) were not associated with EPL risk, but high dietary cobalt intake (p for trend = 0.034), increased serum levels of vitamin B12 (p for trend = 0.036) and TC II (p for trend < 0.001) were significantly associated with the reduced EPL risk. However, the significant negative association between dietary cobalt intake, plasma cobalt level or serum vitamin B12 level and EPL was only found in female or male subjects. Excellent transport capability of bio-active vitamin B12 in vivo and adequate levels of vitamin B12 and cobalt may play preventive roles in EPL. Additionally, the association between vitamin B12, cobalt and the risk of EPL may vary in different genders.

Dietary pattern characterisation among subfertile South Asian women and the impact of vitamin B12 intake on frozen embryo transfer outcomes: a cross-sectional study.

STUDY QUESTIONIs there a difference in dietary patterns among subfertile South Asian women undergoing frozen embryo transfer (FET)?SUMMARY ANSWERSignificant regional differences in dietary pattern exist among subfertile South Asian women undergoing FET.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYPreconception consumption of certain food groups or adopting specific dietary patterns, such as the ‘Mediterranean diet’, and its level of adherence have been shown to enhance the odds of achieving a successful pregnancy in women undergoing ART. However, differences in geographic location, individual preference, cultural beliefs and local availability contribute to such dietary choices. There is also a predisposition to a vitamin B12 deficiency in those of South Asian ethnicity and a predominant pattern of vegetarian food intake. There is a paucity of studies analysing the type of dietary pattern followed by South Asian women, their vitamin B12 levels and the potential impact on ART treatment outcomes.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONThis is a cross-sectional study of 159 South Asian women aged 21–37 years, belonging to the Eastern (n = 75) and Southern (n = 84) regions of India plus Bangladesh, and undergoing a FET cycle at a tertiary level infertility clinic between February 2019 and March 2020.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSWomen underwent dietary assessment using ‘24-hour dietary recall’ to capture daily nutrient consumption. A ‘Food Frequency Questionnaire’ listing commonly consumed foods was used to record frequency of intake. The primary outcome was the characterisation of regional dietary patterns in the cohorts using principal component analysis (PCA). Secondary outcomes included association of vitamin B12 intake and serum levels with clinical and ongoing pregnancy.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEFour components contributing to overall variance in dietary pattern were identified, namely: meat, poultry and seafood; green leafy vegetables and root tubers; fruits, dairy and sugar; nuts and oilseeds. PCA analysis showed a significantly higher consumption of two components in the East—meat, poultry and fish (P < 0.001); green leafy vegetables and root tubers (P < 0.001). All women reported taking preconception oral folic acid supplementation. The dietary intake of vitamin B12 and serum concentration correlated, showing a good validity of measured dietary intake (r = 0.398; P ≤ 0.001). Compared to the Southern region, participants from the East showed a higher daily median intake of vitamin B12 (1.11 versus 0.28 mcg, respectively; P < 0.001) and a higher serum vitamin B12 levels (441 versus 239 pg/ml, respectively; P < 0.001). Ongoing pregnancy showed no association with dietary vitamin B12 intake (relative risk 0.90; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.19) or serum vitamin B12 levels (relative risk 0.99; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.33) after adjustments for female age, body mass index (BMI) and geographic differences. Women belonging to different quartiles of serum vitamin B12 concentration had a similar likelihood of ongoing pregnancy.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONSelf-reported dietary assessment is prone to measurement errors owing to its subjective nature and recall bias. The study was not adequately powered to detect the impact of geographic differences in vitamin B12 intake and serum levels on FET treatment outcomes, the second objective. We adjusted for potential confounders, such as female age and BMI, but it is possible that residual confounders, such as physical activity, stress and use of dietary supplements, may have influenced the results. Extrapolation of the study findings to women undergoing ART in other populations should be made with caution.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSOur study findings suggest important differences in local dietary patterns within the South Asian region. Hence a personalised approach to dietary assessment and intervention when undergoing ART based on population dynamics is warranted. The geographic differences in the vitamin B12 intake or serum levels did not have an impact on the FET outcomes. There is also a need to further investigate the impact of such dietary differences on ART treatment outcomes in a large study population.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)No grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors was obtained. The authors have nothing to disclose.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERN/A

Association of folate, vitamin B-12 and vitamin B-6 intake with diabetes and prediabetes in adults aged 20 years and older.

This study aimed to assess the association of folate, vitamin B-12 and vitamin B-6 from diet and supplements with diabetes and prediabetes in U.S. adults. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016 to conduct this crosssectional study. Diabetes and prediabetes status were based on self-report, medication use, fasting plasma glucose levels (FPG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and the two hours plasma glucose (PG) value during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were used to evaluate the associations between dietary folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6 and diabetes. After adjustment for the potential confounders, compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs (odds ratios) with 95%CIs (confidence intervals) of diabetes for the highest quartile intakes of folate and vitamin B-6 were 0.65 (0.47-0.90) and 0.61 (0.42-0.89), the OR with 95% CI of diabetes for the third quartile of dietary vitamin B-12 was 0.76 (0.60-0.97). Further excluded participants with diabetes history, the ORs with 95% CI of newly diagnosed diabetes were 0.60 (0.39-0.94), 0.84 (0.58-1.23), and 0.65 (0.43-0.98) for the third quartile of dietary folate, vitamin B-12 and vitamin B-6, respectively. A linear inverse relationship was found between vitamin B12 and diabetes, and a nonlinear inverse relationship was found between dietary folate, dietary vitamin B6 and diabetes. Our study suggested that folate, vitamin B-12 and vitamin B-6 intake were inversely associated with the risk of diabetes in US adults.

Dietary Vitamin B &lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; Reduces Amyloid-β Proteotoxicity by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatment. Diet, as a modifiable risk factor for AD, could potentially be targeted to slow disease onset and progression. However, complexity of the human diet and indirect effects of the microbiome make it challenging to identify protective nutrients. Multiple factors contribute to AD pathogenesis including amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Here we used Caenorhabditis elegans to define the impact of diet on Aβ proteotoxicity. We discovered that dietary vitamin B12 alleviated mitochondrial fragmentation, bioenergetic defects, and oxidative stress, delaying Aβ-induced paralysis without affecting Aβ accumulation. Vitamin B12 had this protective effect by acting as a cofactor for methionine synthase rather than as an antioxidant. Vitamin supplementation of B12 deficient adult Aβ animals was beneficial, demonstrating potential for vitamin B12 as a therapy to target pathogenic features of AD triggered by both aging and proteotoxic stress.

Prevalence and Indicators of Vitamin B12 Insufficiency among Young Women of Childbearing Age.

Vitamin B12 insufficiency is a global health issue among women of childbearing age, yet few studies have investigated its prevalence and risk factors among healthy Middle Eastern populations. This cross-sectional study included 346 Saudi women aged 19–30 years and enrolled at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A series of questionnaires were administered to record the study participants’ sociodemographic status, medical history, dietary intake, and physical activity. Participants’ anthropometric data were also recorded and their fasting blood samples were analyzed. The rate of vitamin B12 insufficiency (≤220 pmol/L) was approximately 6% among the study participants. After adjusting for confounding factors, it was observed that the risk factors for vitamin B12 insufficiency included daily sitting time ≥ 7 h, low income (<10,000 Saudi riyal) and increasing age. The recommended dietary allowance of vitamin B12 (>2.4 mcg/day) has been shown to confer reasonable protection against vitamin B12 insufficiency. These study findings highlight that a combination of increased physical activity and dietary vitamin B12 intake above the current recommended dietary allowance may help improve the serum vitamin B12 levels of young women of childbearing age, especially those with a low socioeconomic status. Timely detection and protection against vitamin B12 insufficiency in this subpopulation are important to prevent maternal and fetal health risks.

Effects of Dietary Vitamin B6 Restriction on Hepatic Gene Expression Profile of Non-Obese and Obese Mice.

Although vitamin B6 is contained in various foods, its deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. Furthermore, patients with obesity and cardiovascular disease are more likely to have suboptimal vitamin B6 status than healthy people. Therefore, we investigated the effects of dietary vitamin B6 restriction on hepatic gene expression and function in obese mice. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet in combination with sufficient (7 mg pyridoxine/kg diet) or insufficient (1 mg) amounts of vitamin B6 for 16 weeks. Analysis of microarray data revealed that expressions of 4000 genes were significantly altered by the experimental diets (LF7, LF1, HF7, and HF1). The effects of dietary fat content on gene expressions were markedly greater than vitamin B6 content. Only three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were overlapped between the LF1/LF7 and HF1/HF7 comparison. In the LF1/LF7 comparison, 54 upregulated DEGs were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms associated with the sterol metabolic process and 54 downregulated DEGs were enriched in GO terms associated with immune response. In HF1/HF7 comparison, 26 upregulated DEGs were enriched in GO terms associated with amino acid catabolic process. High-fat consumption downregulated gene expressions associated with vitamin B6-dependent pathways. In conclusion, our data suggest that obesity may differentially regulate vitamin B6-associated metabolic pathways in the body.

Maternal B-vitamin intake and B-vitamin supplementation during pregnancy in relation to neonatal congenital heart defects: a case-control study with propensity score matching

The effect of dietary folate intake or folic acid (FA) supplementation during pregnancy on neonatal congenital heart defects (CHDs) remains inconclusive. There are limited data about non-folate-B-vitamin intake and the risk of CHDs. Furthermore, few studies have investigated dietary B-vitamin intake and B-vitamin supplement use simultaneously in relation to the risk of CHDs. This study aimed to explore the associations between maternal folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intake (dietary intake, total intake from diet and supplements); B-vitamin supplement use during pregnancy; and the risk of CHDs using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. We conducted a case-control study and included 760 cases and 1600 controls in Shaanxi Province, China. Diet, supplement use and other information were collected through a questionnaire interview. By using the 1:2 ratio PSM method, 396 cases were matched with 792 controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between maternal B-vitamin intake and supplement use during pregnancy and CHDs. Higher maternal dietary and total intake of folate and vitamin B12 were associated with reduced risk of CHDs, and the tests for linear trend were significant. Compared with non-users, maternal FA + VB6 + VB12 containing supplement use during pregnancy (OR 0.61, 95%CI 0.40-0.94), FA supplement use during pregnancy (OR 0.70, 95%CI 0.50-0.98) and in the first trimester (OR 0.62, 95%CI 0.46-0.85) were associated with a lower risk of CHDs. The findings of this study suggest that a higher intake of folate and vitamin B12 during pregnancy reduces the risk of CHDs.

Caenorhabditis elegans methionine/S-adenosylmethionine cycle activity is sensed and adjusted by a nuclear hormone receptor.

Vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient that functions in two metabolic pathways: the canonical propionate breakdown pathway and the methionine/S-adenosylmethionine (Met/SAM) cycle. In Caenorhabditis elegans, low vitamin B12, or genetic perturbation of the canonical propionate breakdown pathway results in propionate accumulation and the transcriptional activation of a propionate shunt pathway. This propionate-dependent mechanism requires nhr-10 and is referred to as 'B12-mechanism-I'. Here, we report that vitamin B12 represses the expression of Met/SAM cycle genes by a propionate-independent mechanism we refer to as 'B12-mechanism-II'. This mechanism is activated by perturbations in the Met/SAM cycle, genetically or due to low dietary vitamin B12. B12-mechanism-II requires nhr-114 to activate Met/SAM cycle gene expression, the vitamin B12 transporter, pmp-5, and adjust influx and efflux of the cycle by activating msra-1 and repressing cbs-1, respectively. Taken together, Met/SAM cycle activity is sensed and transcriptionally adjusted to be in a tight metabolic regime.

Associations between dietary intake of B-vitamins and psychological disorders among Iranian women: a cross-sectional study.

B-vitamins affect brain function through multiple pathways. Given limited evidence on the relationship between dietary intake of these vitamins and psychological disorders, we examined dietary intake of vitamin B6-9-12 in relation to psychological disorders among Iranian women. Cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed using a valid and reliable FFQ. To assess psychological disorders, we used a version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 validated in Iran. Ten public health centres in southern Tehran, Iran. A total of 447 female participants aged 20-50 years. The median values of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), B9 (folate) and B12 (cobalamin) were 1·30 mg/d, 313·89 µg/d and 3·99 µg/d, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, dietary vitamin B6 intake was associated with lower odds of depression (OR: 0·54; 95 % CI: 0·31, 0·95; Ptrend: 0·03). However, there was a positive association between dietary vitamin B12 intake with the odds of depression (OR: 2·05; 95 % CI: 1·17, 3·60; Ptrend: 0·01) and psychological distress (OR: 2·00; 95 % CI: 1·17, 3·41; Ptrend: 0·01). No association was found between vitamin B9 with any psychological disorders. Women with higher dietary intakes of vitamin B6 had lower likelihood of depression. However, women with higher dietary intake of vitamin B12 had higher odds of depression and psychological distress. Future prospective studies in different populations are needed to clarify whether B-vitamin deficiency is a cause or consequence of psychological disorders.

Functional Roles of B-Vitamins in the Gut and Gut Microbiome.

The gut microbiota produce hundreds of bioactive compounds, including B-vitamins, which play significant physiological roles in hosts by supporting the fitness of symbiotic species and suppressing the growth of competitive species. B-vitamins are also essential to the host and certain gut bacterium. Although dietary B-vitamins are mainly absorbed from the small intestine, excess B-vitamins unable to be absorbed in the small intestine are supplied to the distal gut. In addition, B-vitamins are supplied from biosynthesis by distal gut microbiota. B-vitamins in the distal colon may perform many important functions in the body. They act as 1) nutrients for a host and their microbiota, 2) regulators of immune cell activity, 3) mediators of drug efficacy, 4) supporters of survival, or the fitness of certain bacterium, 5) suppressors of colonization by pathogenic bacteria, and 6) modulators of colitis. Insights into basic biophysical principles, including the bioavailability of B-vitamins and their derivatives in the distal gut are still not fully elucidated. Here, the function of single B-vitamin in the distal gut including their roles in relation to bacteria are briefly reviewed. The prospect of extending analytical methods to better understand the role of B-vitamins in the gut is also explored.

Abstract 4646: Association between dietary vitamin B intake and risk of endometrial cancer in the prospective Singapore Chinese Health Study

Abstract Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the 6th most common cancer worldwide. However, only few studies addressed dietary factors influencing EC risk in Asia. We explored the association between dietary risk factors and endometrial cancer in the prospective Singapore Chinese Health Study. Methods: A population of 34,028 ethnically Chinese women aged 45-74 residing in Singapore were enrolled in a longitudinal prospective cohort study between 1993 and 1998, and followed up to Dec 31, 2010. Data on baseline demographics, dietary, and reproductive factors were collected via a structured questionnaire. Endometrial cancer cases were identified from the Singapore Cancer Registry. Poisson regression was used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) on established and dietary risk factors. Results: 166 EC cases were identified (age 53.6±7.2; BMI 24.1±3.3). Obesity (IRR=1.84, 95%CI 1.06-3.06) and having a higher number of live births (IRR=0.43, 95%CI 0.24-0.79, 5+ vs nulliparous) were associated with EC. Overall, compared with the lowest quartile, elevated risk of EC was observed for the highest quartile of dietary thiamine (IRR 1.74, 95%CI 1.02-2.58), riboflavin (IRR 1.58, 95%CI 1.01-2.53), vitamin B6 (IRR 1.71, 95%CI 1.07-2.80), and folate (IRR1.56, 95%CI 1.00-2.47). The highest quartiles of riboflavin (IRR 1.74, 95%CI 1.00-3.12), vitamin B6 (IRR 1.91, 95%CI 1.04-3.65), and folate (IRR 1.89, 95%CI 1.01-3.64) were associated with elevated EC risk in postmenopausal women, but not among premenopausal women. Conclusion: Obesity, parity, and higher intake of dietary vitamin B were associated with elevated EC risk in our analysis. More studies are needed to evaluate the association of supplementary vitamin B complex and EC risk. Citation Format: Ming Lei, Shalkar Adambekov, Robert Edwards, Renwei Wang, Jianmin Yuan, Samia Lopa, Faina Linkov. Association between dietary vitamin B intake and risk of endometrial cancer in the prospective Singapore Chinese Health Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4646.

Effects of dietary vitamin B1on growth performance, blood metabolites, body composition, intestinal enzyme activities and morphometric parameters of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

Effects of dietary vitamin B₁on growth performance, blood metabolites, body composition, intestinal enzyme activities and morphometric parameters of juvenile yellow catfish (<i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i>)

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Alters the Gut Microbiota in a Murine Model of Colitis.

Purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a spectrum of autoimmune diseases, which result in chronic intestinal inflammation. Previous findings suggest a role for diet, nutrition and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in both the development and progression of the condition. Vitamin B12 is a key cofactor of methionine synthase and is produced solely by microbes. Previous work links increased levels of homocysteine, a substrate of methionine synthase, MetH, to IBD indicating a potential role for vitamin B12 deficiency in intestinal injury and inflammation. This study assessed the role of vitamin B12 in shaping the gut microbiota and determining responses to intestinal injury using a reproducible murine model of colitis.Methods: The effects of vitamin B12 supplementation and deficiency were assessed in vivo; 3-week-old post-weanling C57Bl/6 mice were divided into three dietary treatment groups: (1) sufficient vitamin B12 (50 mg/Kg), (2) deficient vitamin B12 (0 mg/Kg) and (3) supplemented vitamin B12 (200 mg/Kg) for a period of 4 weeks. Intestinal injury was induced with 2% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) via drinking water for 5 days. The impact of varying levels of dietary vitamin B12 on gut microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing from fecal samples collected at day 0 and day 28 of the dietary intervention, and 7 days following induction of colitis on day 38, when blood and colonic tissues were also collected.Results: No significant alterations were found in the gut microbiota composition of disease-free animals in response to dietary interventions. By contrast, after DSS-induced colitis, >30 genera were significantly altered in vitamin B12 deficient mice. Altered B12 levels produced no significant effect on composite disease-activity scores; however, administration of a B12 deficient diet resulted in reduced DSS-induced epithelial tissue damage.Conclusions: Vitamin B12 supplementation does not alter the gut microbiota composition under healthy conditions, but does contribute to differential microbial responses and intestinal dysbiosis following the induction of experimental colitis.

Association of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Vitamin B6 with Inflammation in Adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004

Abstract Objectives Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and n-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid (AA) may mediate inflammatory responses. Vitamin B6 deficiency has been shown to alter plasma PUFA levels. This perturbation of PUFA metabolism in vitamin B6 deficiency measured by pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP) may contribute to inflammation. Thus, we aimed to examine the associations of 1) dietary EPA + DHA, and vitamin B6 with plasma ratio of AA/(EPA + DHA) by PLP level, 2) plasma AA/(EPA + DHA) and PLP with C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker for inflammation, and 3) dietary EPA + DHA, and vitamin B6 with CRP level, using NHANES. Methods NHANES datasets (2003–2004) with subjects ≥20 years were analyzed, accounting for survey design and sample weights (n = 4486). The significance level was P &amp;lt; 0.05. Covariates were age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, smoking, alcohol, total energy, dietary supplements, physical activity, and NSAIDs, depending on analyses. Multiple linear regression assessed the association of dietary EPA + DHA, and vitamin B6 with plasma ratio of AA/(EPA + DHA) by PLP level (Low: &amp;lt; 20 nmol/L, High: ≥20 nmol/L). Next, multivariate logistic regression predicted the associations of plasma AA/(EPA + DHA) and PLP with CRP level (Low: ≤3 mg/L, Moderate to High: &amp;gt; 3 mg/L); then, dietary EPA + DHA, and B6 with CRP level. Results In the low PLP level, dietary EPA + DHA was negatively associated with plasma ratio of AA/(EPA + DHA) (B = ─5.29, SE = 0.84, P = &amp;lt; .0001), but B6 intake was not, whereas, in the high PLP level, both dietary EPA + DHA (B = ─2.99, SE = 0.53, P = &amp;lt; .0001) and dietary vitamin B6 (B = ─0.21, SE = 0.04, P = 0.0001) were inversely associated with plasma AA/(EPA + DHA). Further, low PLP level was associated with greater odds of moderate to high CRP level compared to high PLP level (adjusted OR (aOR): 2.8, 95% CI: 1.93–4.04, P = &amp;lt; .0001), but plasma AA/(EPA + DHA) was not. In addition, both dietary EPA + DHA (aOR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.23–0.98, P = 0.04) and vitamin B6 (aOR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.68–0.95, P = 0.009) were inversely associated with moderate to high CRP level. Conclusions Our findings show that low plasma PLP level and low vitamin B6 intake are associated with inflammation, and the relationship may be through their effect on PUFA metabolism, suggesting that increased intake of vitamin B6 and EPA and DHA may protect against inflammation. Funding Sources N/A.