Dietary Selenium Research Articles

Response of rumen fermentation and microbiota to dietary supplementation of sodium selenite and bio-nanostructured selenium in lactating Barki sheep

Dietary selenium (Se) sources affects the structure of the rumen microbial community and rumen fermentation. This study evaluated the effects of sodium selenite (SS) and bio-nanostructured selenium (SeNSM) on rumen fermentation and structure of rumen microbial community of lactating Barki ewes. Twenty one lactating Barki ewes were assigned into three groups based on their body weight and milk yield. The experiment lasted for 50 days, whenever, the control group was fed basal diet; group SS received basal diets plus sodium selenite as inorganic source of Se; and group SeNSM received basal diet plus organic selenium bio-nanostructured. Ruminal pH and volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) was lower (P < 0.05) in SeNSM group compared to control. Principle Coordinate Analysis separated the microbial communities into three clusters based on feeding treatment. The bacterial community was dominated by phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes that were affected (P < 0.05) by Se sources. Specifically Bacteriodetes was higher (P < 0.05) in SS and SeNSM groups; and Firmicutes was higher (P < 0.05) in the control group. Moreover, the predominant bacterial genera were Prevotella, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Unclassified_Bacteroidales, which were higher (P < 0.05) in SeNSM group. The methanogenic community belonged to phylum Euryarchaeota and was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by Se supplementation. Principal component analysis based on rumen fermentation parameters, and relative abundances of bacteria and methanogens revealed three distinct clusters. These findings suggest that Se supplementation affected the relative abundances of dominant bacterial groups, declined rumen methanogens and SeNSM supplementation showed some positive impacts on some fibrolytic bacteria.

Effects of Dietary Selenium Yeast Supplementation on Oxidative Biomarkers of the Brain and Blood in Goats.

The present study evaluated the effects of dietary selenium yeast (SY) on the brain, CSF, and blood of 30 crossbreed goats (5-6months of age) of both sexes. After the acclimatization of 2weeks, they were randomly separated into two groups (n = 15) named C and SY groups. The C group received only a basal diet, while SY received a basal diet along with 0.3mg/kg/diet of SY (Sel-Plex®) in total 0.035mg/kg/diet of SY for 10weeks. Se concentration (µg /g dry weight) in 15 different parts of the goat's brain was accessed, and results showed that the highest concentration was found in the occipital cerebrum (322.0 ± 6.146), whereas the lowest concentration was found in the midbrain (10.33 ± 0.232). Besides, the oxidative biomarkers including GSH (12.13 ± 0.191), GSH-Px (206.7 ± 2.362), GST (23.80 ± 0.279), CAT (14.80 ± 0.279), and SOD (152.5 ± 9.540) were increased in SY as compared to GSH (8.200 ± 0.144), GSH-Px (112.9 ± 1.183), GST (18.93 ± 0.284), CAT (12.53 ± 0.215), and SOD (109.0 ± 1.966) of C. The level of cholesterol was also significantly decreased in the serum of the SY group (84.87 ± 0.960) as compared to C (110.5 ± 0.592). In addition, the cholesterol level in CSF decreased significantly in SY (0.3567 ± 0.016) as compared to C (0.509 ± 0.009). The current research suggests that SY supplementation has improved the brain's antioxidant status, blood biochemistry, and cholesterol levels in both serum and CSF of goats.

Dietary Selenium May Help Fight Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Dietary Selenium May Help Fight Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of osteoporosis and its role in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

BackgroundLong-term glucocorticoid therapy may lead to osteoporosis (OP). Selenium (Se) is an essential microelement for human health and bone health. This study evaluated the association between dietary Se intake and the prevalence of OP and further explored the potential therapeutic effect of Se on glucocorticoid-induced OP (GIOP) in vivo and in vitro.MethodsData were collected from a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in our hospital. OP is diagnosed based on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements using compact radiographic absorptiometry. Dietary Se intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary Se intake and OP prevalence was analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. In animal experiments, male Sprague–Dawley rats were intramuscularly injected with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) daily to induce GIOP, while different doses of Se were supplemented in rat drinking water for 60 d. BMD and biomechanical parameters of rat femur were measured. The histopathological changes of the femur were observed by HE staining, the number of osteoclasts was observed by TRAP staining, and OCN positive expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining. OPG, RANKL, Runx2, and BMP2 in rat femur were detected by Western blot. Bone turnover markers and oxidative stress markers were measured using commercial kits. MC3T3-E1 cells were induced to osteogenic differentiation, stimulated with DXM (100 μM), and/or treated with Se at different doses. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. ALP activity was detected by ALP staining and cell mineralization was observed by alizarin red staining.ResultsParticipants with lower dietary Se intake had higher OP prevalence. Se supplementation improved BMD, biomechanical parameters, and histopathological changes of the femur in GIOP rats. Se supplementation also suppressed DXM-induced changes in bone turnover- and oxidative stress-related markers. Under DXM conditions, Se treatment induced MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation, ALP activity, and mineralization.ConclusionLower Dietary Se intake is associated with OP prevalence. Moreover, Se takes a position in bone protection and anti-oxidative stress in GIOP models. Therefore, Se may be a complementary potential treatment for GIOP.

The Assessment of Different Dietary Selenium Resources on Reproductive Performance, Spawning Indicators, and Larval Production of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticus) Broodfish

This trial aimed to investigate whether dietary selenium form influenced the reproductive performance of red tilapia broodfish. Four experimental broodstock diets were prepared employing two types of selenium. The first diet was free of additives and acted as the control diet. While the other three formulated diets were supplemented with conventional selenium sources (sodium selenite, Na2SeO3; 1 mg/kg), selenium nanoparticles (NPSe, 1 mg/kg), or a combination of them (0.5 mg Na2SeO3/kg + 0.5 mg NPSe/kg), respectively. Twelve cement ponds (each 24 m2) were subjected to fish brooder experimental groups. Each pond received six prespawning females (mean initial weight, 60.9 ± 0.4 g) and two males (mean weight 80.3 ± 0.8 g) of red tilapia. Each formulated diet was supplied to three broodfish cement ponds, and the reproductive traits of 18 adult female fish were monitored over 25 weeks. The findings showed that female fish fed NPSe-enriched diets had significantly higher viscera, liver, and gonad weight than other experimental groups. At the same time, the highest levels of LH, progesterone, and estradiol-17β, as well as the lowest levels of FSH, were detected in fish fed the NPSe diet, followed by those on the Na2SeO3 + NPSe and Na2SeO3 diets, respectively. Furthermore, the diameter, weight, and volume of eggs, as well as the number and weight of larvae in red tilapia brooder fish fed the various dietary selenium forms, increased markedly ( P &lt; 0.001 ). Female red tilapia broodfish given selenium-based diets enhanced all spawning performance indicators (particularly total spawned egg per pond or fish and initial spawning interval) when compared to a control group fed an unsupplemented diet. Besides, as compared to other treatment groups, the spawning frequency of each female fish fed NPSe-supplemented diets (alone or in combination with Na2SeO3) was considerably ( P &lt; 0.001 ) promoted. The fish group fed NPSe alone or mixed with Na2SeO3 had a well-developed stroma structure, many mature vitellogenic and postvitellogenic oocytes, and a remarkable intensity of mature spermatozoa in the testis. In conclusion, incorporating NPse into red tilapia broodstock diets might be a safe and efficient way to enhance reproductive function and fry production.

The Effects of Dietary Manganese and Selenium on Growth and the Fecal Microbiota of Nursery Piglets.

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of varying dietary manganese and selenium concentrations, antioxidant cofactors, on the growth performance and fecal microbial populations of nursery pigs. The piglets (N = 120) were blocked by weight (5.22 ± 0.7 kg) and sex. The pens (n = 5/treatment) within a block were randomly assigned to diets in a 2 × 3 factorial design to examine the effects of Se (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg added Se) and Mn (0, 12, and 24 mg/kg added Mn) and were fed in three phases (P1 = d 1-7, P2 = d 8-21, P3 = d 22-35). The pigs and orts were weighed weekly. Fecal samples were collected d 0 and 35 for 16S rRNA bacterial gene sequencing and VFA analysis. The data were analyzed as factorial via GLM in SAS. There was a linear response (p < 0.05) in overall ADG across dietary Mn. Supplementing 24 mg/kg Mn tended to decrease (p < 0.10) the relative abundance of many bacteria possessing pathogenic traits relative to Mn controls. Meanwhile, increasing Mn concentration tended to foster the growth of bacteria correlated with gut health and improved growth (p < 0.10). The data from this study provide preliminary evidence on the positive effects of manganese on growth and gut health of nursery pigs.

Blood Selenium Concentrations Are Inversely Associated with the Risk of Undernutrition in Older Adults.

Selenium is an essential trace element with an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity that has been associated in experimental studies with beneficial effects on appetite control, the regulation of the gut microbiota, and control of the anabolic-catabolic balance. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between circulating selenium concentrations and the risk of developing undernutrition in older adults. This was a cohort study with 1398 well-nourished community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 65 years residing in Spain in 2017, who were followed for a mean of 2.3 years. Whole blood selenium was measured at baseline using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Undernutrition was assessed at baseline and at follow-up, and defined as having at least one of the three GLIM phenotypic criteria (involuntary weight loss, a low body mass index, and a reduced muscle mass) and at least one of the two etiologic criteria (reduced food consumption or nutrient assimilation and inflammation/disease burden). During the follow-up, 142 participants (11%) developed moderate undernutrition and 113 (8.8%) severe undernutrition. The standardized relative risks of moderate and severe undernutrition at the 75th percentile of Se levels versus the 25th were 0.90 and 0.70, respectively. In dose-response analyses, the risk of severe undernutrition decreased linearly with increasing selenium concentrations. This association was independent of protein intake or diet quality and was stronger among participants with a diagnosis of a musculoskeletal disorder. The results suggest that an adequate dietary selenium status is needed to prevent undernutrition in older adults. Also, this may open the door for clinical trials with selenium supplementation, at doses considered as safe, to prevent undernutrition.

Interaction between smoking status and dietary selenium intake affects PSA: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundConflicting results regarding the impact of selenium on reducing prostate cancer have been reported. The current analysis aimed to understand whether there are potential factors affecting the relationship between selenium and prostate cancer. ObjectiveTo clarify the relationship between dietary selenium intake and prostate cancer, we evaluated the correlation between dietary selenium intake and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. MethodsAfter screening the NHANES survey data from 2005 to 2010, data for 3,614 of 31,034 participants were considered suitable to include in our study. Dietary selenium intake was the independent variable of our study, while PSA was the dependent variable. We stratified participants into current, former, and never smokers and performed an interaction test on the relationship between selenium intake and PSA using multivariable logistic regression for each smoking-status subgroup. ResultsFor our subgroup analysis, we grouped participants based on smoking status and investigated the association between dietary selenium intake and PSA levels. Among the 242 participants with a PSA level of 4 or higher, the mean age was 58.5 years (±12.1). After adjusting for covariates, we did not find a significant association between dietary selenium and the odds of having a high PSA level. However, we observed a significant interaction between smoking status and dietary selenium in relation to PSA levels (P = .007). Specifically, smokers had lower odds of having high PSA levels, while nonsmokers had higher odds. This suggests that smoking status may modify the effect of dietary selenium on PSA levels. ConclusionOur findings suggest that smoking status affects the relationship between dietary selenium intake and PSA and that smokers are at lower odds of having a high PSA level.

PSXIII-9 Effects of Dietary Mixed Selenium Supplementation on Growth Performance, Frequency of Diarrhea, and Blood Profiles and Biochemical Constituents of Weaned Pigs

Abstract Selenium (Se) is known as a micro essential mineral that acts as a component of the powerful antioxidant enzymes as known glutathione peroxidase. However, both excess and deficiency of Se can lead to health problems in swine, thus the proper amount is needed. In the swine industry, organic and inorganic forms of Se are commonly added to the feed, mixing these Se is important to maximize the efficiency of Se utilization. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary mixed Se supplementation on growth performance, frequency of diarrhea, and blood profiles and biochemical constituents of weaned pigs. A total of 156 weaned pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc; 7.85 ± 0.10 kg of initial body weight (BW); 28 days of age] were assigned to 3 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 13 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block = initial BW and sex) for 6 weeks. Dietary treatments were 1) a corn- soybean meal-based diet with deficiency of Se (CON), 2) CON + 0.15 ppm organic Se (Ose) + 0.15 ppm inorganic Se (Ise; A), and 3) CON+ 0.25 ppm Ose + 0.25 ppm Ise (B). On day 7, 14, and 42, blood samples were collected from randomly selected 6 pigs per treatment to analyze blood profiles and biochemical constituents. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio were calculated to evaluate growth performance. The frequency of diarrhea was calculated by visual observation for 2 weeks after weaning. The number of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were measured using an automated hematology analyzer. The collected serum samples were analyzed for total protein (TP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) using a specific kit and a clinical auto-analyzer. Data were analyzed using GLM procedures of SAS. The experimental unit was a pen. The statistical model for growth performance, and blood profiles and biochemical constituents included dietary treatment as a main effect and initial BW as a covariate. The Chi-square test was used for analyzing frequency of diarrhea. The A treatment decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.10) MCH, HGB, HCT, and BUN on day 42 compared with CON, but increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) TP on day 42. However, there were no differences on growth performance and frequency of diarrhea. In conclusion, supplementation of dietary mixed Se could modulate blood profiles and biochemical constituents.

Different Effects of Dietary Selenium on All-Cause Mortality According to the Baseline Characteristics Based on the Nationwide Population Study: Results from the NHANES, 1999-2016

Different Effects of Dietary Selenium on All-Cause Mortality According to the Baseline Characteristics Based on the Nationwide Population Study: Results from the NHANES, 1999-2016

Impacts of Dietary Selenium Nanoparticles from Spirulina platensis on Growth Performance, Physio-Biochemical Components and Alleviating Effect against Cadmium Toxicity in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Shrimp culture is quite important and popular across the world. This study aimed to evaluate the growth-promoting potential of synthesized selenium nanoparticles from Spirulina platensis extract (SP-SeNPs) as a food source for Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). However, pollution is considered a significant element affecting shrimp health and development. The effectiveness of SP-SeNPs in alleviating the negative effects of cadmium toxicity was also evaluated. Firstly, the shrimps (about 120 individuals with 6.0 ± 0.12 g of initial weight) were divided randomly into four groups in triplicates (30 shrimps/ treatment). The control group (SP-SeNPs—0 mg/kg diet) and three treatments were fed dietary SP-SeNPs (0.250, 0.50, and 1.0 mg/kg diet) for 56 days. Growth performance, digestive enzymes activities (protease, amylase, and lipase), and other biochemical components (total protein, lipid, amino acids, and carbohydrate) were evaluated. After 56 days of growth, another 150 adult shrimps were used under laboratory conditions to determine median lethal concentration of cadmium (96 h LC50), and 30 individuals were treated with cadmium (1/2 of LC50, 0.2 mg L−1) for 10 days only. Tissue samples were collected for measuring catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, cadmium bioaccumulation, and histopathological investigation. The results illustrated that the application of SP-SeNPs as feed additives at varying levels significantly improved growth performance (high weight gain, specific growth rate, and low feed conversion rates) relative to the control group. Furthermore, dietary SP-SeNPs enhanced digestive enzyme activities and the concentrations of biochemical components more than the control group. Upon concurrent exposure to cadmium, the antioxidative status was significantly enhanced, and histopathological alterations were mitigated. In conclusion, this study recommended supplementation of SP-SeNPs at 0.50 mg/kg diet to enhance optimal growth rate, digestive enzyme activities, levels of antioxidants in Litopenaeus vannamei, and mitigate the pathological alternations induced with Cd toxicity.

Bisphenol A exposure exacerbates tracheal inflammatory injury in selenium-deficient chickens by regulating the miR-155/TRAF3/ROS pathway

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor. Excessive BPA intake can damage the structure and function of the respiratory tract. Dietary selenium (Se) deficiency may also cause immune tissue damage. To investigate the potential mechanism of BPA on tracheal damage in selenium-deficient chickens and the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this process, we established in vitro and in vivo Se deficiency and BPA exposure models and screened out miR-155 for follow-up experiments. We further predicted and confirmed the targeting relationship between miR-155 and TRAF3 using TargetScan and dual luciferase assays and found that miR-155 was highly expressed and caused inflammatory damage. Further studies showed that BPA exposure increased airway oxidative stress, activated the NF-κB pathway, and caused inflammation and immune damage in selenium-deficient chickens, but down-regulating miR-155 and NAC treatment could reverse this phenomenon. This suggested that these pathways are regulated by the miR-155/TRAF3/ROS axis. In conclusion, BPA exposure aggravates airway inflammation in selenium-deficient chickens by regulating miR-155/TRAF3/ROS. This study revealed the mechanism of BPA exposure combined with Se deficiency in tracheal inflammatory injury in chickens and enriched the theoretical basis of BPA injury in poultry.

"Alphabet" Selenoproteins: Implications in Pathology.

Selenoproteins are a group of proteins containing selenium in the form of selenocysteine (Sec, U) as the 21st amino acid coded in the genetic code. Their synthesis depends on dietary selenium uptake and a common set of cofactors. Selenoproteins accomplish diverse roles in the body and cell processes by acting, for example, as antioxidants, modulators of the immune function, and detoxification agents for heavy metals, other xenobiotics, and key compounds in thyroid hormone metabolism. Although the functions of all this protein family are still unknown, several disorders in their structure, activity, or expression have been described by researchers. They concluded that selenium or cofactors deficiency, on the one hand, or the polymorphism in selenoproteins genes and synthesis, on the other hand, are involved in a large variety of pathological conditions, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular, muscular, oncological, hepatic, endocrine, immuno-inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the specific roles of selenoproteins named after letters of the alphabet in medicine, which are less known than the rest, regarding their implications in the pathological processes of several prevalent diseases and disease prevention.

Biofortification with selenium as an alternative to increase the total phenolic compounds in brassicas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The ability of brassicas to accumulate selenium is crucial for their positive effects on health. Selenium improves the immune system and the antioxidant defenses. Selenium biofortification of brassicas has therefore been explored to increase dietary selenium intake in humans. However, the effects of selenium biofortification on bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, are not clear. So, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to answer the question 'What are effects of the biofortification of brassicas with selenium on total phenolic compounds?' Ten studies, which assessed the effect of selenium biofortification on total phenolic compounds, were selected for qualitative synthesis and four studies were included in the meta-analysis after a thorough literature review of the PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Knowledge databases. The quality of the evidence ranged from high to moderate. The meta-analysis results indicated that the total phenolic compound content was significantly higher (P = 0.002) in the supplemented group but the results showed considerable heterogeneity (P < 0.00001, I2 = 97%) between studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the effect of Se biofortification on the increase in the content of total phenolic compounds and it suggests that several factors can affect this relationship. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Dietary selenium intake among Ethiopian children in areas known for selenium spatial variability.

There is spatial variability of selenium (Se) in soil and crops in Ethiopia. We assessed the Se content of food items, breast milk, and urine among infants in Ethiopia from two areas with contrasting Se concentrations in soils. Dietary Se intakes among children (6-23 months) were evaluated using a weighed food record on two non-consecutive days. Also, spot urine samples from children and breast milk samples from their mothers were collected to determine Se concentration. Selenium concentrations in the samples were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Injera (prepared from teff and mixtures of other cereals) with a legume-based stew were the most frequently consumed foods by the children in both areas, followed by pasta. Overall, the Se concentration (mean ± SD) of food items, breast milk (12.2 ± 3.9 μg/L vs. 3.39 ± 1.5 μg/L), and urine samples (22.5 ± 11.5 μg/L vs. 3.0 ± 1.9 μg/L) from East Amhara were significantly higher than the corresponding samples from West Amhara (p < 0.001). The total Se intakes by the study children from East Amhara and West Amhara were 30.2 [IQ 25%, 14.2; IQ 75%, 54.1] and 7.4 [IQR 25%, 4.2; IQ 75%, 10.6] μg day-1, respectively; 31.5% of children from East Amhara and 92% of children from West Amhara were at risk of inadequate Se intakes. Urinary Se excretion accounted for 53 and 39% of daily dietary Se intake in East Amhara and West Amhara, respectively. Dietary Se intake was positively correlated with urinary Se excretion in East Amhara (r = 0.56; p < 0.001) but not among samples from West Amhara (r = 0.16; p ≥ 0.05), suggesting greater physiological Se conservation in a state of deficiency. There is spatial variability of Se in foods, breast milk, and urine in Ethiopia, suggesting the need for implementation of targeted agronomic interventions that enhance Se concentrations in the edible portion of plant foods.

Association of selenium intake with bone mineral density and osteoporosis: the national health and nutrition examination survey.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic skeletal disorder characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and an increase in the risk of fracture. The level of selenium (Se) in serum is associated with BMD. However, the relationship between dietary and total selenium intake and parameters such as osteoporosis and BMD is unclear. By conducting National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES), in this study, we assessed the association of Se intake with BMD and the risk of OP among general middle-aged and elderly people. The data were collected from three cycles of NHANES [2009-2010, 2013-2014, and 2017-2020]. Information on the dietary and supplementary Se intake was obtained from 24-h dietary recall interviews. Additionally, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed to measure BMD, which was later transformed into T-scores; OP was diagnosed when the T-score was ≤ -2.5. We constructed a logistic regression model for the association between selenium intake and the risk of OP based on the estimated odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also constructed a multivariable linear regression model to analyze the relationship between selenium intake and BMD. In this study, 3,250 individuals (average age: 60.01 ± 10.09 years; 51.88% females) participated. The incidence of OP was 9.35% (3.30% for males and 17.75% for females). In the logistic regression model adjusted for every interested covariate, a higher quartile of dietary Se intake (OR for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41-0.96; P for trend = 0.027) was related to a lower risk of OP relative to the lowest quartile. The total selenium intake also exhibited a consistent trend (OR for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.44-1.01; P for trend = 0.049). The results of the adjusted multivariate linear regression model showed that the participants with the highest quartile of dietary Se intake (Q4) had higher BMD in the total femur (β = 0.069, P = 0.001; P for trend = 0.001), femoral neck (β = 0.064, P = 0.001; P for trend = 0.001), and total spine (β = 0.030, P = 0.136; P for trend = 0.064) compared to those in quintile 1 (Q1). A similar trend of associations was observed for the total selenium intake with BMD, which was more prominent among females, as determined by the subgroup analysis. In this study, the dietary intake and total intake of selenium were positively associated with BMD, whereas they were negatively associated with the risk of OP among adults in the US. Further studies are required to verify our results and elucidate the associated biological mechanism.

The Effects of Varying Combinations of Dietary Selenium, Vitamin E, and Zinc Supplements on Semen Characteristics and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Spermatozoa in 1-Year-Old Native Turkish Ganders

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary Selenium (Se), Vitamin E (Vit E), and Zinc (Zn) and their various combinations on semen quantity, quality, and oxidative enzyme activities of spermatozoa in 1-year-old native Turkish ganders. In this study, 48 1-year-old native Turkish ganders were used. The ganders were randomly divided into 8 dietary treatment groups (Control, Se, Vit E, Zn, Se + Vit E, Se + Zn, Vit E + Zn, Se + Vit E + Zn) with 6 birds each. In addition to the control diet, specific amounts of 0.3 mg/kg Se, 100 mg/kg Vit E, and 100 mg/kg Zn were added to the diets of each treatment group. Semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm quality factor (SQF), and total live and normal sperm percentage were the lowest in the control group and highest in the ganders fed with the Se + Vit E + Zn combination. While the percentage of macro-cephalic and dead sperm was highest in the ganders fed with control feed, the lowest percentage of dead sperm was found in the sperm of the ganders fed with Vit E and Se + Vit E + Zn combinations. The lowest glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the highest amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the spermatozoa of the control group ganders. This study revealed that the combined use of Se, Vit E, and Zn in the diet maintained higher semen quantity and quality in 1-year-old native Turkish gander despite the advancing reproduction season compared to the control group.

Effect of Dietary Selenium on the Growth and Immune Systems of Fish.

Dietary selenium (Se) is an essential component that supports fish growth and the immune system. This review attempts to provide insight into the biological impacts of dietary Se, including immunological responses, infection defense, and fish species growth, and it also identifies the routes via which it enters the aquatic environment. Dietary Se is important in fish feed due to its additive, antioxidant, and enzyme properties, which aid in various biological processes. However, excessive intake of it may harm aquatic ecosystems and potentially disrupt the food chain. This review explores the diverse natures of dietary Se, their impact on fish species, and the biological methods for eliminating excesses in aquatic environments. Soil has a potential role in the distribution of Se through erosion from agricultural, industrial, and mine sites. The research on dietary Se's effects on fish immune system and growth can provide knowledge regarding fish health, fish farming strategies, and the health of aquatic ecosystems, promoting the feed industry and sustainable aquaculture. This review provides data and references from various research studies on managing Se levels in aquatic ecosystems, promoting fish conservation, and utilizing Se in farmed fish diets.

Correlation of Dietary Macro- and Micro-Mineral Intake with Seminal Plasma Quality/Quantity and Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Infertile Compared to the Normal Men: a Case-Control Study.

Male infertility is a global public health issue, but studies on the correlation between the dietary components and sperm quality showed inconclusive results due to the heterogeneous population with different dietary habits and environmental stimuli. Herein, the correlation of dietary macro- and micro-mineral intake was evaluated with quality/quantity and oxidant/antioxidant status of seminal fluid in infertile compared to the healthy men. One hundred twenty men attending to the infertility clinic of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan City were enrolled. Seminal fluid was extracted, and groups were categorized into the infertile (non-standard) and normal (standard) groups based on the WHO, 2020 criteria. Food frequency questionnaire was completed. Seminal malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured by ELISA kit based on the manufacture's instruction. An independent sample t-test was used to determine differences between the two groups, and linear regression model was used to determine the effect of each dietary macro/micro mineral intake on these parameters. Adjusting for all parameters, dietary selenium increased 3.7-folds the seminal TAC level (p=0.04) and decreased sperm with non-progressive motility by 2.4-folds (p=0.04). Higher manganese intake increased the sperm count by 7.8-folds (p=0.005). Dietary copper decreased sperm vitality and increased sperm with slow motility (OR= -1.7, 95% CI= -59.8, -9.9; p=0.007). Dietary zinc (OR=1.24, p=0.01) and iron (OR=1.5, p=0.02) showed a positive effect on sperm vitality. None of macro and micro minerals showed a significant effect on the seminal MDA level. Daily intake of adequate amounts of micro and macro minerals improves sperm quality and increases the antioxidant capacity of the seminal fluid; however, copper showed a negative correlation that must be evaluated in future studies.

Trace elements dyshomeostasis in liver and brain of weanling mice under altered dietary selenium conditions

BackgroundA balanced diet containing selenium (Se) and other trace elements is essential for normal development and growth. Se has been recognized as an essential trace element; however, its interaction with other elements has not been fully investigated. In the present study, sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), Se and rubidium (Rb), were analysed in liver and brain regions under altered dietary Se intake in weanling mice to identify major discriminatory elements. MethodsThe study investigated the effects of different levels of Se intake on the elemental composition in liver and brain tissues of weaned mice. After 24 weeks of feeding with Se adequate, deficient, and excess diets, elemental analysis was performed on the harvested tissues using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistical analysis that included analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), correlation coefficient analysis, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed. ResultsThe ANCOVA showed statistically significant changes and correlations among the analysed elements under altered dietary Se status. The multivariate analysis showed differential changes in elements in liver and brain regions. The results suggest that long-term dietary Se alternations lead to dyshomeostasis in trace elements that are required in higher concentrations compared to Se. It was observed that changes in the Fe, Co, and Rb levels were similar in all the tissues studied, whereas the changes in Mg, Cr, and Mn levels were different among the tissues under altered dietary Se status. Additionally, the changes in Rb levels correlated with the dietary Se intake but had no relation with the tissue Se levels. ConclusionsThe findings suggest interactions between Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Se under altered Se status may impact cellular functions during postnatal development. However, the possible biological significance of alterations in Rb levels under different dietary Se paradigms needs to be further explored.