Dietary Selenium Supplementation Research Articles

Se-Pair Search for Deciphering Selenium-Encoded Peptide and a Pyrolysis-Thermolysis Dietary Model for Minimizing Loss of "KKSe(M)R" during Processing.

Dietary deficiency of selenium is a global health hazard. Supplementation of organic selenopeptides via food crops is a relatively safe approach. Selenopeptides with heterogeneous selenium-encoded isotopes or a poorly fragmented peptide backbone remain unidentified in site-specific selenoproteomic analysis. Herein, we developed the Se-Pair Search, a UniProtKB-FASTA-independent peptide-matching strategy, exploiting the fragmentation patterns of shared peptide backbones in selenopeptides to optimize spectral interpretation, along with developing new selenosite assignment schemes (steps 1-3) to standardize selenium-localization data reporting for the selenoproteome community and thereby facilitating the discovery of unexpected selenopeptides. Using selenium-biofortified rice under cooking, fermentation, and high-temperature and high-pressure processing conditions as a pyrolysis-thermolysis dietary model, we probed the single-molecule-level kinetic evolution of the novel selenopeptide "KKSe(M)R" with qual-quantitative information on graph-theory-oriented localization calculations, abundance patterns, activation energy, and rate constants at a selenoproteome-wide scale. We ground-truth-annotated thirteen pyrolysis-thermolysis products and inferred four pyrolysis-thermolysis pathways to characterize the formation reactivity of the main intermediate variables of KKSe(M)R and constructed an advanced probe-type ultrasound technique prior to pyrolysis-thermolysis conditions for minimizing loss of KKSe(M)R during processing. Importantly, we reveal the unappreciated pyro-excitation diversion of KKSe(M)R at pyrolysis-thermolysis time and temperature matrices. These findings provide pioneering theoretical guidance for controlling dietary selenium supplementation within the safety thresholds.

Generation of selenium-rich wheat mutants and exploration of responsive genes for selenium accumulation.

Salt tolerance, selenium accumulation and expression of the responsive genes were analyzed in the wheat high selenium mutants. Selenium is an essential trace element for the human body, and its deficiency can lead to various diseases such as Keshan disease and large bone disease. Wheat, being a major staple crop, plays a crucial role in providing dietary selenium supplementation to combat this deficiency. Despite progress in understanding the molecular regulation of selenium accumulation in certain crops, the molecular mechanisms governing selenium accumulation-related gene expression in wheat plants remain poorly understood. In this study, three mutant wheat lines with elevated selenium content were identified. Under the treatment of Na2SeO3 or NaCl, the selenium-rich wheat mutants exhibited decreased sensitivity to both selenium and NaCl compared to the wild type. Additionally, there was an increase in the activities of SOD and POD, while the content of MDA decreased. Through qRT-PCR analysis, the expression of selenium-related genes was affected, revealing that some of these genes not only regulate the response of wheat to salt stress, but also play a role in the process of selenium accumulation. The transcriptome results revealed that the important genes encoding glutathione S-transferases, peroxidases, superoxide dismutases, and UDP-glucosyltransferases may function in the regulation of salt tolerance and selenium accumulation in wheat. These findings significantly contribute to the current understanding of the molecular regulation of selenium accumulation in wheat crops, while also offering novel germplasm resources for cultivating selenium-rich and salt-tolerant wheat lines.

The selenoprotein from selenium-rich glutinous rice improves spleen immune protection by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway

Moderate amounts of selenium supplementation have a positive effect on the immune response. Selenium deficiency status can lead to reduced immunity, but the benefits of a natural selenium-rich diet for selenium deficiency are unknown. In this experiment, low selenium feed (0.02 mg Se/kg diet) was given to the mice for 5 weeks and selenium supplementation with selenoprotein (SeP) for 4 weeks, and the selenium-deficient mouse model was successfully established. SeP supplementation had significant protective effects, including increased antioxidant capacity and alleviation of inflammatory damage. SeP markedly elevated the activities of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum, kidney, liver, and spleen of selenium-deficient mice. SeP can restore the condition of damaged spleen tissue, raise the spleen index in mice, and encourage an increase in immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) content. The levels of catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), GSH-Px, and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were all significantly elevated by SeP. SeP showed superior immunomodulatory effects over inorganic selenium (Na2SeO3). Together, these results suggest that SeP may be a potential dietary selenium supplement that can reduce symptoms of spleen damage caused by selenium deficiency.

Constructing network structures to enhance stability and target deposition of selenium nanoparticles via amphiphilic sodium alginate and alkyl glycosides

Dietary selenium (Se) supplementation has recently received increasing attention; however, Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) exhibit poor stability and tend to aggregate in aqueous solution. Therefore, enhancing the stability of SeNPs and their effective delivery to plants remain challenging. In this study, sodium alginate (SA) and lysozyme (LZ) were reacted via the wet-heat Maillard reaction (MR) to obtain amphiphilic alginate-based polymers (SA-LZ). Alkyl glycosides (APG) were introduced into SA-LZ to enhance the deposition of SeNPs in leaves. Thus, a renewable and degradable polysaccharide-based material (SA-LZ/APG) loaded with Se formed an amphiphilic alginate-based-based shell with a Se core. Notably, the encapsulation of SeNPs into a polysaccharide base (SA-LZ/APG) increased the stabilization of SeNPs and resulted in orange–red, zero-valent, monoclinic and spherical SeNPs with a mean diameter of approximately 43.0 nm. In addition, SA-LZ/APG-SeNPs reduced the interfacial tension of plant leaves and increased the Se content of plants compared to the blank group. In vitro studies have reported that SA-LZ/APG-SeNPs and SA-LZ-SeNPs have significantly better clearance of DDPH and ABTS than that of APG-SeNPs. Thus, we believe that SA-LZ/APG is a promising smart delivery system that can synergistically enhance the stability of SeNPs in aqueous solutions and improve the bioavailability of Se nutrient solutions.

Lrp8 knockout mice fed a selenium-replete diet display subtle deficits in their spatial learning and memory function.

Selenium is an essential trace element that is delivered to the brain by the selenium transport protein selenoprotein P (SEPP1), primarily by binding to its receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), also known as apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), at the blood-brain barrier. Selenium transport is required for several important brain functions, with transgenic deletion of either Sepp1 or Lrp8 resulting in severe neurological dysfunction and death in mice fed a selenium-deficient diet. Previous studies have reported that although feeding a standard chow diet can prevent these severe deficits, some motor coordination and cognitive dysfunction remain. Importantly, no single study has directly compared the motor and cognitive performance of the Sepp1 and Lrp8 knockout (KO) lines. Here, we report the results of a comprehensive parallel analysis of the motor and spatial learning and memory function of Sepp1 and Lrp8 knockout mice fed a standard mouse chow diet. Our results revealed that Sepp1 knockout mice raised on a selenium-replete diet displayed motor and cognitive function that was indistinguishable from their wild-type littermates. In contrast, we found that although Lrp8-knockout mice fed a selenium-replete diet had normal motor function, their spatial learning and memory showed subtle deficits. We also found that the deficit in baseline adult hippocampal neurogenesis exhibited by Lrp8-deficit mice could not be rescued by dietary selenium supplementation. Taken together, these findings further highlight the importance of selenium transport in maintaining healthy brain function. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Impact of the High-Fructose Corn Syrup on Cardiac Damage via SIRT1/PGC1-α Pathway: Potential Ameliorative Effect of Selenium.

High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has been a subject of intense debate due to its association with cardiovascular risks. This study investigates the potential protective effects of selenium (Se) supplementation against cardiac damage induced by HFCS. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided into four equal groups: control, CS (20%-HFCS), CS with Se (20%-HFCS, 0.3mg/kg-Se), and Se (0.3mg/kg-Se) only. After a 6-week period, heart and aorta tissues were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and genetic analyses. HFCS consumption led to severe cardiac pathologies, increased oxidative stress, and altered gene expressions associated with inflammation, apoptosis, and antioxidant defenses. In the CS group, pronounced oxidative stress within the cardiac tissue was concomitant with elevated Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression and diminished expressions of B-cell-lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α), and silenced information regulator 1 (SIRT1). Se supplementation mitigated these effects, showing protective properties. Immunohistochemical analysis supported these findings, demonstrating decreased expressions of caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the CS + Se group compared to the CS group. The study suggests that Se supplementation exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects, potentially attenuating HFCS-induced cardiovascular toxicity. These findings highlight the importance of dietary considerations and selenium supplementation in mitigating cardiovascular risks associated with HFCS consumption.

Effects of dietary minerals deficiency and supplementation on different parts of muscle minerals content in grazing Mongolian sheep.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary deficiency and supplementation of calcium, zinc, copper, cobalt, manganese or selenium on minerals content in the longissimus dorsi (LD), biceps femoris (BF) and triceps brachii (TB) of grazing Mongolian sheep. We randomly divided 98 sheep into 7 treatment groups and fed them specific diets for 60 days: a total mineral nutrition diet (LCG), a calcium deficiency diet (LCa), a zinc deficiency diet (LZn), a copper deficiency diet (LCu), a cobalt deficiency diet (LCo), a manganese deficiency diet (LMn) and a selenium deficiency diet (LSe). Then 7 sheep from each group were slaughtered and samples of LD, BF and TB were collected for mineral content analysis. The remaining sheep in each group were subsequently fed specific diets for an additional 41 days: a total mineral nutrition diet (SCG), a calcium supplementation diet (SCa), a zinc supplementation diet (SZn), a copper supplementation diet (SCu), a cobalt supplementation diet (SCo), a manganese supplementation diet (SMn) and a selenium supplementation diet (SSe). Afterward, all sheep were slaughtered, and muscle samples were collected and analyzed. Significant findings emerged that LCa decreased sulfur (S) content in BF and increased Ca content in LD and BF, while SCa increased S and Ca content in BF and TB, respectively (P < 0.05). LZn decreased Zn, S, and potassium (K) content in LD and BF, while SZn increased Zn and S content in LD and BF, respectively (P < 0.05). LCu decreased Cu and iron (Fe) content in LD and TB, while SCu increased Fe content in TB (P < 0.05). LCo decreased phosphorus, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn content in LD (P < 0.05). LMn decreased Mn content and increased K content in TB, while SMn decreased K content in BF and TB (P < 0.05). LSe and SSe decreased and increased Se content in LD, BF, and TB, respectively (P < 0.05). Dietary mineral levels have varying effects on lamb meat minerals content. It is important to ensure an adequate intake of minerals in the diet to enhance the mineral nutrition of lamb meat.

Effects of various selenium-enriched yeasts, selenomethionine, and nanoselenium on production performance, quality, and antioxidant capacity in laying hens

This study aimed to compare the effects of various selenium (Se) sources (2 mg/kg) on the performance, quality, and antioxidant capacity of laying hens as well as the Se content in their eggs and blood. We selected 720 34-wk-old Lohmann pink-shell laying hens were randomly assigned into 6 groups and fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with various Se sources (Se-enriched yeast, SY-A, SY-C, SY-N; selenomethionine SM, nano-Se SN) for 16 wk. There were 10 replicates of 120 hens per group. Dietary Se supplementation increased the egg production rate of all laying hens. Egg and serum Se deposition was highest in the SM group. Yolk color scores of SY-A and SY-N groups were significantly lower than those of other groups (P < 0.01). The protein height and Haugh unit were significantly lower in the SN group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). The yolk height was significantly higher in the SN and SY-N groups than in the SY-A group (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of selenium can improve the antioxidant capacity of laying hens. The SOD content of SM group was significantly lower than that of SY-A and SN group (P < 0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly higher in the SM group than in the SY-A group (P < 0.05). The present work empirically demonstrated that the production performance of laying hens supplemented with 2 mg/kg Se was superior to that of the hens receiving only a basal diet. The SY-C group exhibited the best production performance, the SY-A group had the highest antioxidant capacity, and the SM group produced eggs with the highest level of Se enrichment.

Organic selenium and tocopherol supplementation for multiparous sows without adiabatic cooling: Effects on performance, milk composition, and serum antioxidant enzymes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of organic selenium (Se) and tocopherol to peak producing and older sows without adiabatic cooling on physiological parameters, reproductive performance, milk composition, litter performance, and serum antioxidant enzymes. A total of 96 sows were allotted in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 4 experimental groups and 2 parity orders (3–4th and above 5th). The experimental groups consisted of: ACCon – sows with adiabatic cooling and fed with control diet; WACCon – sows without adiabatic cooling and fed with control diet; WACSe – sows without adiabatic cooling with dietary supplementation of 0.3 mg/kg organic Se; WACSeE – sows without adiabatic cooling with dietary supplementation of 0.3 mg/kg organic Se and 90 UI of tocopherol. During the experimental period, the average temperature and humidity were 27.8 °C and 78.4%, respectively. Sows that received adiabatic cooling had lower respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and neck temperature when compared to the others sows (P < 0.05). Sows supplemented with organic Se and tocopherol had shorter wean-to-estrus interval than those not supplemented (P < 0.05). Sows supplemented with organic Se and tocopherol had higher concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in relation to the other experimental groups and higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) than non-supplemented sows (P < 0.05). Piglets from sows supplemented with organic Se and tocopherol showed higher levels of GSH-Px and SOD in relation to the other experimental groups (P < 0.05). Under equatorial climate conditions, dietary supplementation of organic Se and tocopherol for multiparous sows reduces wean-to-estrus interval and increase expression of enzymatic antioxidant of sows and piglets.

Response of rumen fermentation and microbiota to dietary supplementation of sodium selenite and bio-nanostructured selenium in lactating Barki sheep

Dietary selenium (Se) sources affects the structure of the rumen microbial community and rumen fermentation. This study evaluated the effects of sodium selenite (SS) and bio-nanostructured selenium (SeNSM) on rumen fermentation and structure of rumen microbial community of lactating Barki ewes. Twenty one lactating Barki ewes were assigned into three groups based on their body weight and milk yield. The experiment lasted for 50 days, whenever, the control group was fed basal diet; group SS received basal diets plus sodium selenite as inorganic source of Se; and group SeNSM received basal diet plus organic selenium bio-nanostructured. Ruminal pH and volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) was lower (P < 0.05) in SeNSM group compared to control. Principle Coordinate Analysis separated the microbial communities into three clusters based on feeding treatment. The bacterial community was dominated by phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes that were affected (P < 0.05) by Se sources. Specifically Bacteriodetes was higher (P < 0.05) in SS and SeNSM groups; and Firmicutes was higher (P < 0.05) in the control group. Moreover, the predominant bacterial genera were Prevotella, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Unclassified_Bacteroidales, which were higher (P < 0.05) in SeNSM group. The methanogenic community belonged to phylum Euryarchaeota and was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by Se supplementation. Principal component analysis based on rumen fermentation parameters, and relative abundances of bacteria and methanogens revealed three distinct clusters. These findings suggest that Se supplementation affected the relative abundances of dominant bacterial groups, declined rumen methanogens and SeNSM supplementation showed some positive impacts on some fibrolytic bacteria.

Meta analysis of growth performance and immune parameters in freshwater fish fed with dietary supplementation of selenium

ABSTRACT Selenium-based feed supplement is essential for increasing the performance of aquatic organisms. This study aims to analyze and evaluate various data on selenium supplementation in freshwater fish feed by meta-analysis with mixed-model. The study used secondary data from the literature database. Total 27 references containing 125 treatments were analized. Using linear and quadratic regression equations, selenium supplementation in freshwater fish feed resulted in a significantly increased final body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and protein efficiency ratio (P < .05). Then, the GPx activity enzyme in the liver and the increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content in the blood of fish exhibited a favorable trend with significantly higher value (P < .05) compared to control fish. However, selenium supplementation could significantly reduce total protein, globulin, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol levels (P < .05). This study concluded that organic selenium supplementation in the range of 0.95 to 6.8 mg/kg feed could improve freshwater fish’s performance.

PSXIII-9 Effects of Dietary Mixed Selenium Supplementation on Growth Performance, Frequency of Diarrhea, and Blood Profiles and Biochemical Constituents of Weaned Pigs

Abstract Selenium (Se) is known as a micro essential mineral that acts as a component of the powerful antioxidant enzymes as known glutathione peroxidase. However, both excess and deficiency of Se can lead to health problems in swine, thus the proper amount is needed. In the swine industry, organic and inorganic forms of Se are commonly added to the feed, mixing these Se is important to maximize the efficiency of Se utilization. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary mixed Se supplementation on growth performance, frequency of diarrhea, and blood profiles and biochemical constituents of weaned pigs. A total of 156 weaned pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc; 7.85 ± 0.10 kg of initial body weight (BW); 28 days of age] were assigned to 3 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 13 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block = initial BW and sex) for 6 weeks. Dietary treatments were 1) a corn- soybean meal-based diet with deficiency of Se (CON), 2) CON + 0.15 ppm organic Se (Ose) + 0.15 ppm inorganic Se (Ise; A), and 3) CON+ 0.25 ppm Ose + 0.25 ppm Ise (B). On day 7, 14, and 42, blood samples were collected from randomly selected 6 pigs per treatment to analyze blood profiles and biochemical constituents. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio were calculated to evaluate growth performance. The frequency of diarrhea was calculated by visual observation for 2 weeks after weaning. The number of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were measured using an automated hematology analyzer. The collected serum samples were analyzed for total protein (TP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) using a specific kit and a clinical auto-analyzer. Data were analyzed using GLM procedures of SAS. The experimental unit was a pen. The statistical model for growth performance, and blood profiles and biochemical constituents included dietary treatment as a main effect and initial BW as a covariate. The Chi-square test was used for analyzing frequency of diarrhea. The A treatment decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.10) MCH, HGB, HCT, and BUN on day 42 compared with CON, but increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) TP on day 42. However, there were no differences on growth performance and frequency of diarrhea. In conclusion, supplementation of dietary mixed Se could modulate blood profiles and biochemical constituents.

Organic selenium and vitamin E for gilts and sows bred in equatorial climate.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary supplementation of organic selenium (Se) and vitamin E for sows from 1st and 2nd parity order, without adiabatic cooling on physiological parameters, reproductive performance, milk composition, litter performance and blood concentrations of antioxidant enzymes. A total of 96 sows were allotted in a 4 × 2 completely factorial design, with 4 experimental groups and 2 parity orders (1st and 2nd). The experimental groups consisted of: ACCon-sows receiving adiabatic cooling and no dietary supplementation of organic Se and vitamin E; WACCon-sows without adiabatic cooling and no dietary supplementation of organic Se and vitamin E; WACSe-sows without adiabatic cooling with dietary supplementation of 0.3 mg/kg organic Se; WACSeE-sows without adiabatic cooling with dietary supplementation of 0.3 mg/kg organic Se and 90 UI of vitamin E. ACCon Sows had lower respiratory rate, rectal temperature and body surface temperature when compared to the others sows (p < 0.05). Sows without evaporative cooling had lower daily milk production and weaned litters with lower weight and average daily gain when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). ACCon sows presented higher weaned piglets to WACSeE sows. WACSeE Sows had higher concentrations of GSH-Px when compared to other experimental groups and higher levels of SOD than sows from ACCon and WACSe. Piglets of sows from WACSeE group presented higher levels of GSH-Px and SOD when compared to the other experimental groups. ACCon sows have higher milk yield and higher litter weight than others groups. Under equatorial climate conditions, dietary supplementation of organic Se and vitamin E from first and second parity order sows does not respond efficiently on thermoregulatory physiology and performance compared to adiabatic cooling, but modulates the enzymatic antioxidant balance of sows and piglets.

Effects of dietary supplementation of selenium and moringa oleifera leaves on growth performance of pre-pubertal Kundhi buffalo bull calves

The Kundhi buffalo, a unique and robust breed of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), is native to the Sindh province in Pakistan. This breed is well-adapted to the local environment and known for its excellent milk production, meat quality, and draught power. There is a growing need to develop strategies that focus on the sustainable conservation and genetic improvement of this breed to preserve its valuable traits for future generations. Twelve young bull calves belonging to elite Kundhi buffaloes (observed phenotypically) were obtained from progressive farmers based on their parent's performance records. The bull calves, aged approximately 10-15 months, were initially weighed (rages from 150 to 200 kg) and randomly divided into three groups, namely C, S, and M, each group were comprising 04 animals. Group C was designated as the control group and fed basal diet only, while calves belonging to Group S were given a dietary supplement of Selenium Yeast Sel-Plex®, with a dosage of 0.3mg/kg dry matter and Group M was treated with Moringa olifera leaves (dried) at the rate of 100g/ animal. This experiment was conducted for 12 weeks. The results of present study indicated that significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher monthly body weight gains (14.05 kg/month) were recorded in Kundhi buffalo bull calves of S followed by the M (11.67 kg/month) in comparison to the C group (9.75kg/month) of the animals. The positive coefficient of correlation was seen between age and body weight in all tested subjects. In terms of the body conformation; the monthly developmental gains of the heart girth, body length, and height were observed significantly (P&lt; 0.05) higher (11.2, 8.89 and 8.94 cm) in S, followed by M (8.23, 4.89 and 6.39 cm) in comparison to the control bull calves (4.74, 3.58 and 3.27 cm), respectively. High levels of the testosterone (0.481 ng/ml) were determined in the bull calves of S, followed by M (0.33 ng/ml) in comparison to C (0.208 ng/ml) group. The monthly gains of the scrotal circumference were recorded significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher (1.65 cm) in the S, than to M (1.21 cm) and that of control (0.40 cm) group calves

Dietary selenium and zinc supplementation alters growth and immunity of broiler chicken

This study evaluated the influence of varying dietary levels of selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn) on the performance index, carcass characteristics, and immune response in broiler chicken. The experimental trial was carried for 42 days with a 3 × 3 factorial design involving three levels of each Se (0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 mg/kg diet) and Zn (40, 80, and 120 mg/kg diet) resulting in nine treatments. Six replicate groups with eight birds in each were assigned to each treatment (48 birds/treatment). During starter phase (0-3 weeks), optimum growth performance and growth efficiency of chicken was observed at 0.30 mg Se/kg diet. However, during finisher phase (4-6 week) and overall growth phase (0-6 week), 0.15 mg Se/kg diet was found to be optimum. Similarly, weight gain during starter phase was higher in birds fed at least 80 mg Zn/kg diet. The carcass characteristics did not reveal significant effect of Se and Zn supplementation in broiler chicken. And, on similar lines, cell mediated immunity remained unaffected. However, better humoral immunity was observed in birds supplemented with NRC recommended Se level in diet, but the NRC recommendation of 40 mg Zn/kg diet was inadequate for better humoral immune response compared to 80 or 120 mg level. Further, higher spleen and thymus weight was observed at 0.3 mg Se/kg diet and higher spleen weight at 80 mg Zn/kg diet. In conclusion, Se supplementation of 0.30 mg /kg diet and Zn supplementation of 80 mg/kg diet resulted in optimum growth performance, efficiency, and immunity of broiler chicken.

Activation of GPR44 decreases severity of myeloid leukemia via specific targeting of leukemia initiating stem cells

Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a significant concern due to persistent leukemia-initiating stem cells (LICs) that are typically not targeted by most existing therapies. Using a murine AML model, human AML cell lines, and patient samples, we show that AML LICs are sensitive to endogenous and exogenous cyclopentenone prostaglandin-J (CyPG), Δ12-PGJ2, and 15d-PGJ2, which are increased upon dietary selenium supplementation via the cyclooxygenase-hematopoietic PGD synthase pathway. CyPGs are endogenous ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and GPR44 (CRTH2; PTGDR2). Deletion of GPR44 in a mouse model of AML exacerbated the disease suggesting that GPR44 activation mediates selenium-mediated apoptosis of LICs. Transcriptomic analysis of GPR44-/- LICs indicated that GPR44 activation by CyPGs suppressed KRAS-mediated MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, to enhance apoptosis. Our studies show the role of GPR44, providing mechanistic underpinnings of the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties of selenium and CyPGs in AML.

Increasing sperm production and improving cryosurvival of semen in aged roosters after diet-supplemented with selenium in Thai native chickens.

Aging roosters typically exhibit subfertility with decreasing semen quality, whereas Thai native roosters reared in rural areas were raised for a longer duration than their usual lifespan. The present study therefore aimed to assess the effect of selenium supplementation as an antioxidative substance in diets to improve the semen cryopreservation of aged roosters. Semen samples were collected from young (n=20) and aged (n=20) Thai native roosters (Pradu Hang Dum) at 36 and 105 weeks of age when starting the experiment, respectively. They were fed diets in non-supplemented or supplemented selenium (0.75 ppm). Fresh semen quality and lipid peroxidation of fresh semen was evaluated before cryopreservation using the traditional liquid nitrogen vapor method. Post-thaw sperm quality and fertility potential were determined. Advancing age is unrelated to decreasing fresh semen quality (p > 0.05). However, lipid peroxidation in rooster semen depended on age, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased in aged roosters (p < 0.05). Selenium supplementation in diets significantly decreased the MDA concentration and increased the sperm concentration (p < 0.05). In contrast, cryopreserved semen was affected by advancing rooster age, and selenium influenced sperm quality (p < 0.05). Younger roosters had higher post-thaw sperm quality and fertility potential than aged roosters (p < 0.05). Likewise, diet selenium supplements improved post-thaw sperm quality and fertility compared with the non-supplement group. Rooster's age does not influence the rooster sperm quality of fresh semen, while sperm cryotolerance and fertility were greater in young roosters than in aged roosters. However, those of aged roosters could be improved by dietary selenium supplementation.

Short-term effects of dietary selenium on lactating sows to improve litter performance, milk composition and tissue selenium retention in piglets.

This study was conducted to evaluate the short-term effects of dietary selenium supplementation on lactating sows on the physiological response, litter performance, milk composition, and tissue selenium retention in piglets when selenium was provided by different sources and at different levels in a lactation diet. A total of 48 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with average body weight, backfat thickness, and parity were assigned to one of the four treatments with 12 sows per treatment using a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Inorganic or organic Se sources were added to the diet at 0.30 ppm and 0.50 ppm Se. Treatments were as follows: i) IS30, basal diet + inorganic Se 0.30 ppm; ii) IS50, basal diet + inorganic Se 0.50 ppm; iii) OS30, basal diet + organic Se 0.30 ppm; and iv) OS50: basal diet + organic Se 0.50 ppm. At Day 21 of lactation, a high tendency of litter weight (p = 0.08) and litter weight gain (p = 0.09) were observed when sows were fed an organic Se source. The milk Se concentration in the organic Se treatment was higher than that in the inorganic Se treatment at Day 21 of lactation (p<0.05). The serum Se concentrations of sows and piglets at Day 21 of lactation were significantly higher when lactating sows were fed organic Se instead of inorganic Se (p<0.01). During the suckling period, the kidney and muscle Se concentrations of piglets at Day 21 of lactation were significantly higher when the sow dietary Se source was organic (p<0.05). Liver Se concentrations were affected by Se source and level (p<0.05). This also resulted in an interaction response at 21 days of lactation (p<0.05). The supplementation of dietary organic Se in a lactating diet could improve sow feed consumption, piglet performance, milk Se level, and the Se status of sows and piglets.

Effect of dietary selenium supplementation (organic and inorganic) on carcass characteristics and meat quality of ruminants: a meta-analysis

Effect of dietary selenium supplementation (organic and inorganic) on carcass characteristics and meat quality of ruminants: a meta-analysis

Comparison of dietary supplementation of sodium selenite and bio-nanostructured selenium on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, antioxidant status, milk production, and lamb performance of Barki ewes

Selenium (Se) supplementation during early lactation can affect not only the ewe's health and milk production but also their lamb performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of two different forms of selenium [inorganic form as sodium selenite (SS), and bio-nanostructured selenium (SeNSM)] on ewes nutrient digestibility, milk yield, milk composition, blood biochemical parameters, and their lambs' growth performance. Twenty-one Barki ewes [32.72 ± 0.84 kg initial body weight (BW), 14 ± 7 days in milk] were assigned according to BW and milk yield from the previous lactation period into three experimental groups (n = 7 ewes/ group) for a period of 50 days. The control group fed the basal diet without Se addition, the SS group fed the basal diet supplemented with SS at 1.2 mg/ kg dry matter (DM), and the SeNSM group fed the basal diet supplemented with SeNSM at 1.2 mg/ kg DM. Supplementation of SeNSM improved (P = 0.053) neutral detergent fiber digestibility compared to the control. No differences were found among the treatments on blood metabolites, however, both Se forms tended to increase (P < 0.01) the blood Se concentration compared to the control. Ewes fed SeNSM had higher (P < 0.05) blood Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, milk yield, fat-corrected milk, milk fat, protein, lactose, and ash yields, and milk Se than ewes fed the control diet. The lambs of ewes fed SeNSM had higher (P = 0.03) BW gains compared to other treatments. In conclusion, the Se of SeNSM form was more effective than SS in improving the productive performance of both ewes and their lambs.