Diet Program Research Articles

Physiological, histological, anatomical and biochemical effects of a 2-months marked carbohydrate deprivation dietary program in obese male albino rats

Physiological, histological, anatomical and biochemical effects of a 2-months marked carbohydrate deprivation dietary program in obese male albino rats

Physiological, histological, anatomical and biochemical effects of a 2-months marked carbohydrate deprivation dietary program in obese male albino rats

Marked-carbohydrate deprivation diets are commonly used for weight loss based on the belief that carbohydrates cause weight gain. This work aimed to study the effect of marked carbohydrate deprivation (for two months) on the body weight, body mass index, protein, fat metabolism and insulin and leptin levels, and to clarify the mechanism by which marked carbohydrate deprivation can cause reduction of body weight and to clear possible side effects for this type of food regimen used increasingly to reduce weight. Twenty obese male albino rats were included in this study. All rats were chosen obese and were fed for one month each on 150 grams normal chow containing high carbohydrates, proteins and fats to make this content their normal daily intake and assure obesity Rats were divided into two groups. The first group was the control group. It contained ten rats, and they were fed on (half the daily regular intake) 75 grams normal chow containing carbohydrates, proteins and fats for two months. The second group contained ten rats and they were fed on 150 grams of food containing proteins and fats with minimal carbohydrates for two months. Rat groups were weighed and body mass index was calculated at the beginning and end of the study. Insulin, leptin levels and pH of blood were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Change in values in weight, BMI, pH of blood, insulin, and leptin levels were compared at the beginning of the study and at its end. Rate of change for all parameters in group two was compared to that of group one. There were significant decrease in weight, and BMI, in both groups at end of the study compared to the results obtained at the beginning. The rate of change decreased more significantly for the previously mentioned parameters in group two compared to group one. There were significant increase in insulin level in group one at end of the study compared to its level at the beginning of the study. While there were significant decrease in the insulin level in group two at end of the study compared to the level recorded at the beginning. There were significant decrease in the rate of change for the insulin in group two compared to that for group one at end of the study. Non-significant change in the pH at the end of the study was recorded in both groups compared to the results obtained at the beginning, The rate of change for pH in group two showed significant decrease compared to that of group one at end of the study. Leptin level showed non-significant decrease at the end of the study in group one compared to the results at the beginning. While it showed significant increase in group two at end of the study compared to the results obtained at the beginning. There was significant increase in the rate of change for leptin in group two compared to that in group one at end of the study.

Adapting MultiPLe behavior Interventions that eFfectively Improve (AMPLIFI) cancer survivor health: program project protocols for remote lifestyle intervention and assessment in 3 inter-related randomized controlled trials among survivors of obesity-related cancers

BackgroundScalable, multiple behavior change interventions are needed to address poor diet, inactivity, and excess adiposity among the rising number of cancer survivors. Efficacy-tested diet (RENEW) and exercise (BEAT Cancer) programs were adapted for web delivery among middle-aged and older cancer survivors for the AMPLIFI study, a National Cancer Institute-funded, multi-site, program project.MethodsThroughout the continental U.S., survivors of several obesity-related cancers are being recruited for three interconnected randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Projects 1 and 2 test 6-month diet or exercise interventions versus a wait-list control condition. Upon completion of the 6-month study period, the intervention participants receive the next behavior change sequence (i.e., diet receives exercise, exercise receives diet) and the wait-list control arm initiates a 12-month combined diet and exercise intervention. Project 3 tests the efficacy of the sequential versus simultaneous interventions. Assessments occur at baseline and semi-annually for up to 2-years and include: body mass index, health behaviors (diet quality, accelerometry-assessed physical activity/sleep), waist circumference, D3 creatine-assessed muscle mass, physical performance, potential mediators/moderators of treatment efficacy, biomarkers of inflammation and metabolic regulation, health care utilization, cost, and overall health. Four shared resources support AMPLIFI RCTs: 1) Administrative; 2) Adaptation, Dissemination and Implementation; 3) Recruitment and Retention; and 4) Assessment and Analysis.DiscussionRepresenting a new generation of RCTs, AMPLIFI will exclusively use remote technologies to recruit, intervene and assess the efficacy of the newly-adapted, web-based diet and exercise interventions and determine whether sequential or combined delivery works best for at-risk (older, rural, racial minority) cancer survivors.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04000880. Registered 27 June 2019.

Effect of Feeding 0.8% Dried Powdered Chlorella vulgaris Biomass on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Morphology during Grower Phase in Broiler Chickens.

Simple SummaryChlorella vulgaris (CV) is a microalgae of great interest for broiler production, due to its nutritional and functional properties. Currently, expensive bioprocessing steps are used to acquire the functional components that could achieve the desired biofunctionality of CV, in particular to maintain productivity and support health in broilers. This makes CV an expensive feed ingredient that can only be used in low inclusion levels, otherwise the cost of the feed is too high. However, it is not clear whether low CV inclusion levels have positive effects on broiler production and immune response. This study investigated whether the addition of CV biomass, at a low inclusion level of 0.8%, to broiler diets maintained the functional properties of microalgae and improved broiler productive performance. We found that the addition of 0.8% CV biomass affects the immune response, and has positive effects on the overall productive performance of broilers.An experiment was performed to study the effects of a low inclusion level of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) biomass in broiler diets on performance, immune response related to inflammatory status, and the intestinal histomorphology. The study was performed with 120 Ross 308 male broiler chickens from 0–35 days of age. The broilers were housed in 12 floor pens (1.5 m2) bedded with wood shavings. The broilers received a three phase diet program, either with 0.8% CV biomass (CV) or without CV (CON). Each diet program was replicated in six pens. The final body weight increased (p = 0.053), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR), corrected for body weight, was reduced (p = 0.02) in birds fed CV compared to birds fed CON. In addition, decreased haptoglobins (p = 0.02) and interleukin-13 (p < 0.01) responses were observed during the grower phase of birds fed CV compared to the birds fed CON. A strong correlation (r = 0.82, p < 0.01) was observed between haptoglobin response and FCR. Histomorphology parameters of the jejunum were not different between the groups. It was concluded that the inclusion of 0.8% CV biomass in broiler diets is effective in influencing immune responses related to inflammatory status and promoting broiler growth.

A Low Glycemic Index Mediterranean Diet Combined with Aerobic Physical Activity Rearranges the Gut Microbiota Signature in NAFLD Patients.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease, and its prevalence worldwide is increasing. Several studies support the pathophysiological role of the gut–liver axis, where specific signal pathways are finely tuned by intestinal microbiota both in the onset and progression of NAFLD. In the present study, we investigate the impact of different lifestyle interventions on the gut microbiota composition in 109 NAFLD patients randomly allocated to six lifestyle intervention groups: Low Glycemic Index Mediterranean Diet (LGIMD), aerobic activity program (ATFIS_1), combined activity program (ATFIS_2), LGIMD plus ATFIS_1 or ATFIS2 and Control Diet based on CREA-AN (INRAN). The relative abundances of microbial taxa at all taxonomic levels were explored in all the intervention groups and used to cluster samples based on a statistical approach, relying both on the discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPCs) and on a linear regression model. Our analyses reveal important differences when physical activity and the Mediterranean diet are merged as treatment and allow us to identify the most statistically significant taxa linked with liver protection. These findings agree with the decreased ‘controlled attenuation parameter’ (CAP) detected in the LGIMD-ATFIS_1 group, measured using FibroScan®. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the synergistic effect of lifestyle interventions (diet and/or physical activity programs) on the gut microbiota composition in NAFLD patients.

Dietary intervention program based on short messages service for mothers of children with iron deficiency anemia

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) can happen at any age; it is more common in young children. Anemia is a nutritional issue that has a major influence on growth, cognition, work performance, and other areas throughout a person's reproductive years and beyond. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary intervention-based short messages service for mothers of children with iron deficiency anemia. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used in the current study. Setting: The research was carried out in Pediatric Outpatient Clinics at Damanhour University Hospital. Subject: Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 100 mothers with their children. Tools: Tool (I): Mothers' interview questionnaire, it was composed of four parts: Part (1): Mothers' personal data, Part (2): Children's' personal data, Part (3): Children's medical history, Part (4): Mothers' knowledge assessment questionnaire regarding iron deficiency anemia, Tool (II): Mothers' reported practices assessment questionnaire regarding iron deficiency anemia, and Tool (III): Iron level was determined by measuring hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference and improvement between the studied mothers regarding total knowledge and reported practices about iron deficiency anemia pre and post-dietary intervention-based short messages service implementation.

Comparison of Two Diet and Exercise Approaches on Weight Loss and Health Outcomes in Obese Women.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of two popular weight loss approaches on weight loss, body composition, and markers of health in sedentary obese women. Methods: In total, 51 sedentary women (age 34.5 ± 7.7 yrs.; weight 90.0 ± 14.5 kg; BMI 34.0 ± 5.1 kg/m2; 46.5 ± 7.0% fat) were matched and randomized to participate in the Weight Watchers® Momentum™ (WW) or Curves® (CV) Fitness and Weight Management program for 16 weeks. Participants in the WW group (n = 27) were provided a point-based diet program, received weekly progress checks and counseling, and were encouraged to exercise. Participants in the CV group (n = 24) followed a menu-based higher protein/low-fat diet (1200 kcal/d) for 1 week; 1500 kcal/d diet for 3 weeks; and 2000–2500 kcals/d for 2 weeks that was repeated three times (except the last segment) while participating in a supervised circuit-style resistance training program (3 d/wk). A general linear model (GLM) with repeated measures was used to analyze data and are presented as mean changes from baseline (mean [UL, LL]). Results: Supervised CV training resulted in greater amounts of vigorous and total physical activity. After 16 weeks, both groups lost weight (WW −6.1 [−7.8, −4.6], CV −4.9 [−6.2, −3.2] kg, p = 0.264). Participants in the CV group observed greater reductions in fat mass (WW −2.9 [−6.7, −0.2], CV −6.4 [−9.2, −3.6] kg, p = 0.081) and increases in lean mass (WW −2.5 [−4.3, −0.7], CV 1.3 [−0.6, 3.2] kg, p = 0.005) resulting in more favorable changes in percent body fat (WW −1.4 [−4.1, 1.2], CV −4.7 [−7.5, −1.8]%, p = 0.098). Both groups observed improvements in peak aerobic capacity and muscular endurance, although bench press lifting volume was greater in the CV group. Those in the CV group experienced a greater increase in HDLc and reduction in the CHL–HDLc ratio and triglycerides. Conclusion: Both interventions promoted weight loss and improvements in fitness and markers of health. The CV program, which included supervised resistance training and higher protein diet menus, promoted greater fat loss, increases in lean mass, and improvements in percent body fat and blood lipids. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, #NCT04372771, registered retrospectively 1 May 2020.

Ren.Nu, a Dietary Program for Individuals with Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Implementing a Sustainable, Plant-Focused, Kidney-Safe, Ketogenic Approach with Avoidance of Renal Stressors

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited cause of renal failure and has limited pharmacological treatment options. Disease progression is relentless, and regression is not a known feature of ADPKD even with pharmacological intervention. Recent research has uncovered underlying pathogenic mechanisms that may be amenable to dietary interventions. Cyst cells in ADPKD are thought to depend on glucose for energy and are unable to metabolize fatty acids and ketones. High-carbohydrate diets and lifestyles leading to hyperglycemia appear to worsen progression of ADPKD. Additionally, renal stressors such as oxalate, phosphate and uric acid, that lead to renal tubular micro-crystal burden appear to accelerate disease progression. Based on these research findings, we have created a remote, dietitian-supervised training program to teach individuals with ADPKD the implementation of dietary and lifestyle changes to avoid factors that may worsen disease progression. Using web-based platforms, digital tools, one-on-one remote meetings, and video group meetings, participants learn to implement a plant-focused ketogenic diet that avoids renal stressors, the science behind these changes, how to self-measure health parameters, and track nutrient intake. Dietary changes are supplemented with a medical food containing the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate and alkaline citrate, and mindfulness exercises. Here, we report the first experience with this program from a beta test with approximately 24 participants. Most participants completed the program and reported improvements in their health and well-being including pain levels, weight loss, hypertension, and eGFR. Adherence to the program was very high and the feasibility of the dietary and lifestyle changes was rated highly. The Ren.Nu program is now publicly available to individuals with ADPKD.

194 Evaluation of Dietary Roughage Inclusion in a Single or Two-Diet System for Backgrounding and Finishing Steers

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the influence that equal cumulative roughage inclusion in a single diet or two-diet system during a 210-d growing-finishing period has on growth performance responses, efficiency of dietary net energy (NE) utilization, and carcass traits in beef steers. Pre-conditioned beef steers (n = 46; initial shrunk [4%] BW = 281 ± 40.4 kgs) were fed once daily, and bunks were managed according to a slick bunk management system at the Ruminant Nutrition Center in Brookings, SD. Treatments included: 1) A single diet program (targeted a 1.30 Mcal/kg NEg diet fed for 210-d; 1D) or 2) two diet program (targeted a 1.21 Mcal/kg NEg diet fed for 98-d, a 1.30 Mcal/kg NEg diet fed for 14-d, and a 1.39 Mcal/kg NEg diet fed for 98-d; 2D). All steers were implanted on d 1 with a 100 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA) and 14 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) implant and re-implanted with a 200 mg TBA and 28 mg EB implant on d 112. Average daily gain tended (P = 0.06) to be 9.5% greater for 1D compared with 2D during the backgrounding portion and ADG was increased (P = 0.01) for 2D compared with 1D by 11.3% during the finishing phase of the experiment. Cumulative ADG did not differ between treatments (1.61 vs. 1.62 ± 0.046 kgs) for 1D and 2D, respectively. Cumulative observed dietary NEm and NEg did not differ (P ≥ 0.96) between treatments. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.18) detected between treatments for HCW, DP, REA, RF, USDA marbling score, KPH, yield grade, retail yield, EBF, or body weight at 28% estimated EBF. In conclusion, Northern Plains feedlot producers can feed a single growing-finishing diet to preconditioned beef steers with minimal effects on overall growth performance or carcass traits.

Anemia prevalence and its influencing factors among students involved in the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2019

Objective: To analyze anemia prevalence and its influencing factors of students involved in the Nutritional Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2019. Methods: From the 2019 surveillance system of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students, 47 297 primary and middle school students aged 6-17 were included in the study. Hemoglobin level was tested according to the criteria of WHO 2011. Anemia prevalence of different genders, ages, and regions was analyzed. Results: The average hemoglobin level was 135.19 g/L, with the prevalence of anemia as 8.7% in the children aged 6-17. The prevalence of anemia was 10.0% in girls, higher than that in boys (7.4%). The prevalence rates in western and central areas were 9.8% and 7.1%, respectively. From northwest, southwest, central and south, east, north to northeast areas of China, the anemia rate appeared gradually decreasing (10.2%, 9.7%, 8.3%, 7.5%, 5.7% and 3.5%). The anemia prevalence rates were 8.0%, 8.3%, and 10.9% in children from the 6-, 11-, and 14-17 years age groups, respectively. Logistic regression models revealed that students from schools not using catering software (OR=1.482, 95%CI:1.296-1.694,P<0.001), schools not serving lunch (OR=1.241, 95%CI:1.103-1.395,P<0.001), and from relatively low-income families (OR=1.297, 95%CI:1.211-1.389, P<0.001) showed as risk factors for anemia. After supplementing students' dietary factors, the results showed that students who ate meat three or more times a week had a lower risk of anemia (OR=0.907, 95%CI:0.832-0.989, P=0.026). Conclusions: The Nutritional Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students had an essential impact on improving the anemia prevalence of primary and middle school students. Family income, school location, economic factors, school feeding, and students' diet programs all impacted the prevalence of anemia.

Our Food: How we went wrong

The editorial, ‘Our food: How we went wrong' in your recent Life and Science magazine (Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan 2022) needs rephrasing and a bit of explanation. The editorial represents the journal's official standing on a scientific issue. So it has to be carefully worded.&#x0D; The editorial referred above claims, ‘Glucose is not a mandatory fuel for metabolizing tissue cells. Protein and fat deficiencies are known to cause disorders. There is no disease produced by absence of glucose from diet.'&#x0D; This statement gives an impression that glucose is not essential for the human body as its deficiency does not lead to any chronic deficiency disease, (unlike fats and protein, so they are more essential). This statement is likely to create misunderstanding. Infant glucose is extremely essential and life depends upon its uninterrupted supply to vital organs. Its deficiency is not known to cause any disease as a low glucose level below a certain limit will result in death within a few minutes. That's why our body homeostasis does not allow glucose to be decreased critically and immediately starts gluconeogenesis to convert amino acids and fatty acids to glucose.&#x0D; There are certain conditions in which the capacity of gluconeogenesis is overwhelmed and all those situations are considered urgent life threatening situations.&#x0D; Claim that, 'Sugars and starches have addictive potential' is likely to stretch the definition of 'Addiction' to a new unscientific limit. Moreover in the said editorial, it is mentioned that our forefathers who were hunter-gatherer perhaps had great health given their circumstances favoring better survival based on diverse foods. This phrase is also in need of further elaboration. There is no medical/archeological evidence that hunter-gatherers enjoyed better health or more life expectancy. Rather it is the other way round. With advancement of modern science, overall health and life expectancy has improved a lot.&#x0D; In Fact the problem nowadays is lack of physical activities, use of refined sugars, and processed food leading to an epidemic of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Although the editorial does mention these facts as well but still some further explanation is essential. Most of the diet programs (like Mediterranean and DASH diet) suggest 50% of daily calories from carbohydrate, 30 % from Protein and 20% from fat. Keto diet is still debatable as far as its long term effects on health are concerned.&#x0D; How to cite this: Shahzad A. Our Food: How we went wrong. Life and Science. 2022; 3(2): 81-81. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.008&#x0D; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

298 Feasibility of A Dietary Sodium Reduction Intervention Using mHealth Technology to Improve Adherence in Hypertensive Patients

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Despite the large body of evidence concerning the effects of dietary interventions on blood pressure, trials have often reported poor adherence to sodium restriction. We implemented the Sodium Watcher Program-Hypertension (SWPH) program using digital self-monitoring. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of the SWPH program. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The SWPH is a pilot two-arm, 2-month randomized controlled trial that enrolls adults with hypertension. The intervention group received personalized feedback on dietary sodium intake and BP and the control group participants received usual care for hypertension. Both groups participated in digital self-monitoring of daily diet and BP over 8 weeks. The primary outcomes were adherence to dietary sodium intake as captured by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and BP at baseline and at the 2-month follow-up. Feasibility assessment included adherence to dietary sodium intake monitoring and in-home BP monitoring measured by the percentage of days that participant logged their food intake and in-home BP. The preliminary effect on the outcome variables was tested by using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In this feasibility study, we included data from 12 participants (n=9 SWPH, n=3 control) who completed all phases of the study. The patients median age was 56.5 years and 70% were female. The mean baseline BP was 142.7/87.5 mmHg. The mean 24-hour urine sodium of 4853.0 mg (SD=1639.9 mg) with 80% having 24-hour urine sodium &gt;2300 mg at baseline. SWPH group had lower systolic (baseline 142.4 mmHg vs follow-up 124.1 mmHg, p&lt;0.001), diastolic (baseline 87.1 mmHg vs follow-up 77.5 mmHg, p&lt;0.05) BP, and 24-hour urine sodium (baseline 3790.4 mg vs 2609.7 mg, p&lt;0.05) compared with control group. Compared with the control group, the SWPH group had significantly more eligible days of digital food log usage (control 80.0% vs intervention 98.2%, p&lt;0.01) and in-home BP monitor usage (control 77.6% vs intervention 94.6%, p&lt;0.01). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Millions of Americans remain in need of effective interventions to manage their hypertension. Innovative and accessible strategies to sustain a low sodium diet intervention are needed for the majority of individuals not following the low sodium diet. By leveraging digital self-monitoring, a low sodium diet program was feasible and in reducing BP.

Effectiveness of Instructional Program on Parents’ Knowledge Concerning Management of Picky Eating Behavior among Children under Five Years of Age

Objective: To assess parents’ knowledge concerning management of picky eating behaviors. To determine the effectiveness of instructional program on parents’ knowledge through comparing the knowledge scores at the pre-test and post-test. Methodology: To achieve the aims of this study, this quasi-experimental design was conducted on children suffering from picky eating behavior assigned to study and control groups is used to study the effectiveness of instructional program on parents' knowledge toward dietary patterns for children with picky eating behavior at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf City, and the study has been carried out during the period 25th February 2021 to 15th January 2022. Questionnaires were developed to determine the effectiveness of the instructional program on parents' knowledge toward dietary patterns for children with picky eating behavior. The final instruments consisted of (4) parts First: concept of picky eating behavior in children (Includes four questions) Second: causes of picky behavior and dangerous factors (Includes eight questions) Third: symptoms of picky behavior (It includes six questions) Fourth: importance of a child's picky eating behavior diet (It consists of seven questions) Fifth: ways to deal with the child picky eating behavior in food (It contains seven questions) Sixth: therapeutic and guiding measures for picky eating children (It has thirteen questions) Result: There is an improvement in the parents' level of knowledge following the application of instructional program on parents' knowledge Management of Picky Eating Behaviors for children Conclusion: According to the findings, the implementation instructional program session will positively change children's nutritional status and dietary patterns. The difference between the two groups is related to the effectiveness of the dietary instruction program that was given to the study group parents but not to the control group parents. Recommendation: Establishing an educational center for parents in the hospital with adequate materials, media, audio-visual aids, and booklets for educating all parents on how to deal with their children's eating behavior, pediatric nurses have more options for making information clear and easily understandable when communicating with parents and caregivers Keywords: Instructional Program, Parents’ Knowledge, Concerning Management, Picky Eating Behavior, Children under Five Years

Study protocol for evaluating Brown Buttabean Motivation (BBM): a community-based, Pacific-driven approach to health

BackgroundButtabean Motivation (BBM) is a Pacific-led organisation which aims to reduce obesity amongst Pacific and Māori people in New Zealand enabling them to choose a healthy and active life-style for the duration of their lives, their children, their wider family and the community. BBM offers a holistic approach to weight loss, recognising that mental health, family and cultural factors all play essential and critical role in nutrition and physical activity patterns. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of BBM for sustained health and wellbeing outcomes among its predominantly Pacific and Māori participants for both general BBM members and those with morbid obesity attending the ‘From the Couch’ programme.MethodsQuasi-experimental pre-post quantitative cohort study design with measured or self-reported weight at various time intervals for both cohorts. Weight will be analysed with general linear mixed model for repeated measures, and compared with a prediction model generated from the literature using a mixed method meta-analysis. The secondary outcome is change in pre- and post scores of Māori scale of health and well-being, Hua Oranga.DiscussionMultiple studies have shown that many diet and physical activity programmes can create short-term weight loss. The fundamental question is whether BBM members maintain weight loss over time. In New Zealand, Pacific and Māori engagement in health enhancing programmes remains an important strategy for achieving better health and wellbeing outcomes, and quality of life. Internationally, the collectivist cultures of indigenous and migrant and minority populations, living within dominant individualist western ideologies, have much greater burdens of obesity. If BBM members demonstrate sustained weight loss, this culturally informed community-based approach could benefit to other indigenous and migrant populations.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12621000931875 (BBM general members) First submitted 10 May 2021, registration completed 15 July 2021. ACTRN12621001676808 7 (From the Couch) First submitted 28 October 2021, registration completed 7 December 2021.

Development and validation of nutrition knowledge test for high school students using a novel study design: A Rasch analysis

Introduction: The creation of a high-quality, valid, and reliable knowledge test for high school students will contribute to establishing dietary programs more conscious, for individuals and society. The aim of the study is to develop a valid and reliable nutrition knowledge test for high school students. Methodology: Data were collected from 346 high school students age from 14 to 18 years. Rasch modelling was used for validating the test. The expert group followed a five-step test developing process and developed 22 multiple-choice items. Results: Findings indicated that 20 of 22 test items showed high internal consistency and reliability for both test items and person participating in this study. The wright map indicated a well distributed item difficulties and relatively good person abilities. Conclusions: It is thought that the study findings obtained through the Rasch modelling and the knowledge test created will be a guiding tool in respect of multidimensionality, validity, and reliability for the concept, such as nutrition which is crucial in human life.

Psyhological Response and Ntritional Status of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

The application of nutrient guidelines into daily menu challenges the majority of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients as it needs time to change their dietary habit that has been previously formed. It is common for patients to experience boredom and stress due to their diet program that has to be implemented for the rest of their lives. Psychological response has a great influence in T2DM patients in their effort to control their diet. This research aims to analyze psychological response and nutritional status, also to observe their relationship in T2DM patients. This research uses cross sectional design. It is applied on three type A hospitals in Jakarta by consecutive sampling, with 260 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients as respondents. Questionnaire is used to collect the data. There is a significantly related between psychological response and nutritional status (p = 0.000, OR =4.944) that is not influenced by confounding variable such as anti-diabetic medication, food intake, and age. Respondents with diabetes distress psychological response have 4,944 times higher risk of experiencing abnormal nutritional status compared to respondents without diabetes distress. Regular meeting is needed at least once every four weeks to fulfill psychological needs concerning diabetes.

Impact of Weight Reduction on Thyroid Function and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver among Egyptian Adolescents with Obesity.

Background The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing worldwide. This may explain the emergence of nonalcoholic fatty liver as the leading cause of liver disease. Several previous studies have addressed the association between thyroid function and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Objectives To study the impact of weight reduction through lifestyle modifications in adolescents with obesity. Methods A prospective cohort study was done on 61 adolescents with obesity. Patients were evaluated at the first visit by the full history, clinical examination, and investigations (thyroid profile, lipid profile, liver function tests, HbA1c, and liver ultrasonography) as basal information. The intervention program included a dietary program, increasing physical activity, and decreasing sedentary activity. A postintervention evaluation was done at the end of six months which included anthropometric measures, laboratory results, and ultrasonographic estimation. Results It was shown that the mean BMI of the participants had significantly decreased after lifestyle modification from (32.05 ± 3.36 kg/m2) to (28.1 ± 2.77 kg/m2) (P < 0.001). It also showed that the percentage of studied adolescents with elevated TSH decreased from 47.5% to 19.7% after the weight reduction program. Improvement was also achieved in the lipid profile and liver functions. The percentage of studied adolescents with ultrasound appearance of NAFLD decreased from 31.1% to 26.2% after weight reduction. Conclusions Lifestyle modification positively influences the metabolic derangement in obesity without medical treatment. ΔTSH is a significant predictor of the change in BMI z-score. It is also possible that hepatic steatosis affects thyroid function rather than the other way around.

Ketogenic Diet and Physical Exercise on Managing Tarlov Cysts: A Case Report

Tarlov Cysts is a pathological condition, with low incidence, characterized by a painful component with a strong impact on quality of life. The therapeutic options are surgery or analgesics and/or anti-inflammatory medications; however, the condition is still without resolution. Herein, we are reporting a case of a woman who expressly followed a low-calorie ketogenic diet program for 3 months. In addition to the change in diet, an appreciable decrease of weight (−5 kg) and body circumferences were recorded; there was also a marked improvement (evident from the questionnaires administered) in the quality of life, of sleep, and in the perception of pain. It is interesting to note how, in conjunction with the Christmas period, upon leaving the ketogenic regime, there was a recurrence of symptoms, confirming the beneficial effect of the low-caloric ketogenic diet at least on the management of pain and, very likely, on inflammation.

Fibre and micronutrient intakes among fruit juice consumers and non-consumers in the UK and France: Modelling the effects of consumption of an orange pomace juice product.

Fruit intake, including consumption of 100% fruit juice, is generally associated with a better diet quality and overall health. However, fruit and vegetable intakes are below recommendations in many countries. The present study examined fruit juice intake and total energy and nutrient intakes according to juice consumption or non-consumption in participants in the National Dietary and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme 2014-2016 in the UK (n = 2723) and the Individual and National Study on Food Consumption 2006-2007 (n = 4079) in France. Total energy and nutrient intakes were also estimated for scenarios in which orange juice with pomace was either added to the daily diet or replaced 100% orange juice or beverages containing fruit juice. Fruit juice consumers had higher intakes of fruits and vegetables than non-consumers, were more likely to reach 5-a-day targets for fruit and vegetable consumption, and had significantly higher intakes of folate, vitamin C, potassium, magnesium, and fibre. Juice consumers also had higher total energy and sugar intakes, but lower body mass index than non-juice consumers. Modelling consumption of orange juice with pomace increased fibre and potassium intakes in orange juice consumers, and also increased fibre, most micronutrients, and 5-a-day achievements in non-juice consumers. These national survey results demonstrate that fruit juice consumers in the UK and France had higher intakes of fruits and vegetables than fruit juice non-consumers, and significantly higher intakes of several micronutrients and fibre. Furthermore, modelling of consumption of orange juice with pomace increased fibre and select micronutrient intakes, particularly among fruit juice non-consumers.

Improvement of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Attenuation of NAFLD Are Associated with the Success of Obesity Therapy

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) represent important comorbidities of the metabolic syndrome, which are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related hepatic fibrosis. In total, 160 morbidly obese patients—81 following a low-calorie formula diet (LCD) program and 79 undergoing bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, RYGB)—were examined for anthropometric and metabolic parameters at base-line and during 12 months of weight loss, focusing on a putative co-regulation of T2D parameters and liver fibrosis risk. High NAFLD fibrosis scores (NFS) before intervention were associated with elevated HbA1c levels and T2D. Loss of weight and body fat percentage (BFL) were associated with improved glucose and lipid metabolism and reduced risk of NAFLD-related fibrosis, with particularly beneficial effects by RYGB. Both T2D improvement and NFS decrease were positively associated with high BFL. A highly significant correlation of NFS reduction with BFL was restricted to male patients while being absent in females, accompanied by generally higher BFL in men. Overall, the data display the relation of BFL, T2D improvement, and reduced NAFLD-related fibrosis risk during weight loss in morbidly obese individuals induced by diet or RYGB. Furthermore, our data suggest a considerable sexual dimorphism concerning the correlation of fat loss and improved risk of liver fibrosis.