Dietary Food Research Articles

Role of forest fuelbreaks for browsers: Implications from dietary pattern and food resources survey for sika deer (Cervus nippon)

Fuelbreaks are used to manage wildfires worldwide. Regular mowing within fuelbreaks can alter species composition and transform them into grassland habitats. These changes may provide more herbaceous plants to large herbivores, subsequently influencing their distribution. To clarify the impact of fuelbreaks on herbivores' food resources, we conducted molecular dietary analysis to quantify the dietary composition of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in both the Sino-Russian border fuelbreak and forest interior, with an average distance of 1.6 km away from the fuelbreak. We constructed a local barcode database to enhance the resolution of the molecular dietary analysis. In addition, we surveyed the vegetation in these two habitats to determine the availability of food resources. We also used camera traps to monitor the visitation intensity of sika deer in both habitats. The results indicated that sika deer increased their visitation intensity at the fuelbreak during the snow-free season. The biomass of graminoids and herbaceous plants was high in the fuelbreak. However, the results of the molecular dietary analysis showed that during the snow-free season, the sika deer that visited the fuelbreak consumed fewer herbaceous plants. We used the Jacobs index to determine the dietary preferences of the sika deer and found that they were consistent browsers with a stable preference for woody plants. By assessing habitat quality, specifically the proportion of preferred plants, we found that the habitat quality of the fuelbreak was relatively low. In conclusion, fuelbreaks may attract herbivores. However, for browsers, such as sika deer, the major function of fuelbreaks is not to provide food resources.

No Money No Time Culinary Nutrition Website eHealth Challenge: A Pre-Post Evaluation of Impact on Diet Quality, Food Expenditure, and Engagement.

No Money No Time (NMNT) is a culinary nutrition website designed to optimize diet quality. The primary aim was to evaluate the impact of an online targeted nutrition challenge email campaign that encouraged engagement with NMNT and goal setting to improve diet quality and weekly food expenditure. A secondary aim was to assess NMNT engagement. Australian adults ≥18 years were recruited to the eHealth nutrition challenge delivered via weekly emails. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Quiz (HEQ) diet quality tool. Engagement was assessed using email open and click-through rates. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was conducted using mixed effects linear regression. Of 481 adults (49.7 ± 13.9 years, 84% female) who enrolled 79 (16%) completed the challenge. ITT results indicated statistically significant 6-week increases in diet quality score (+3.8 points p ≤ 0.001, d = 0.58) with sub-scale improvements in vegetables (+0.9 points, p = 0.01, d = 0.32), fruit (+1.2 points, p ≤ 0.001, d = 0.55), and dairy (+0.9 points, p ≤ 0.001, d = 0.58). There were significant post-challenge reductions in household spending on takeaway/snacks/coffee of AUD 8.9 per week (p = 0.01, d = 0.29), body weight reduction (-0.6 kg, p = 0.03, d = 0.26), and BMI (-0.2 kg/m2p = 0.02, d = 0.28). The email open rate remained constant at around 67% (56% to 75%), with an average click-through rate of 18% (7.1% to 37.9%). The eHealth nutrition challenge significantly improved diet quality while reducing BMI and money spent on discretionary foods. Strategies to scale the challenge should be tested as an innovative population strategy for improving diet quality, health indicators, and managing household food budgets.

Species-level characterization of the core microbiome in healthy dogs using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Despite considerable interest and research in the canine fecal microbiome, our understanding of its species-level composition remains incomplete, as the majority of studies have only provided genus-level resolution. Here, we used full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the fecal microbiomes of 286 presumed healthy dogs living in homes in North America who are devoid of clinical signs, physical conditions, medication use, and behavioral problems. We identified the bacterial species comprising the core microbiome and investigated whether a dog's sex & neuter status, age, body weight, diet, and geographic region predicted microbiome variation. Our analysis revealed that 23 bacterial species comprised the core microbiome, among them Collinsella intestinalis, Megamonas funiformis, Peptacetobacter hiranonis, Prevotella copri, and Turicibacter sanguinis. The 23 taxa comprised 75% of the microbiome on average. Sterilized females, dogs of intermediate body sizes, and those exclusively fed kibble tended to harbor the most core taxa. Host diet category, geographic region, and body weight predicted microbiome beta-diversity, but the effect sizes were modest. Specifically, the fecal microbiomes of dogs fed kibble were enriched in several core taxa, including C. intestinalis, P. copri, and Holdemanella biformis, compared to those fed raw or cooked food. Conversely, dogs on a raw food diet exhibited higher abundances of Bacteroides vulgatus, Caballeronia sordicola, and Enterococcus faecium, among others. In summary, our study provides novel insights into the species-level composition and drivers of the fecal microbiome in healthy dogs living in homes; however, extrapolation of our findings to different dog populations will require further study.

Integrated Review of Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Dietary Nutrients

Integrated Review of Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Dietary Nutrients

Dietary Interventions and Supplements for Managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Recommendations.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) significantly impacts children's neurological development, behaviour, and overall well-being, affecting academic performance and social interactions. This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of dietary interventions (DASH(Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, Vitamin D3 supplementation, magnesium, and impact of artificial food colors and marine oils) and supplements alongside standard pharmacotherapy in managing ADHD symptoms. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we extensively searched various databases for studies published from 2016 to 2022. Out of an initial pool of 7873 records, 14 randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria following rigorous screening. Our findings suggest that gluten-free diets may alleviate ADHD symptoms despite negative celiac serology, highlighting the role of non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Moreover, vitamin and mineral supplements like vitamin D and magnesium showed varying degrees of effectiveness in improving behavioural and emotional symptoms. Innovative treatments, such as combining saffron with methylphenidate and using marine oil extracts, also demonstrated potential in enhancing behaviours associated with ADHD. The review underscores the importance of dietary approaches, such as the DASH diet and specific exclusions (e.g., a few foods diet and an oligoantigenic diet), in managing symptoms by addressing nutritional factors. Studies on probiotics and interventions targeting gut microbiota composition yielded mixed results, necessitating further exploration. Limitations include study diversity and short-term outcome assessments, cautioning against broad generalizations. Integrating personalized dietary assessments and interventions into ADHD treatment strategies could optimize therapeutic outcomes and potentially reduce reliance on pharmacotherapy alone. In summary, this systematic review highlights the potential benefits of dietary modifications and supplements in managing ADHD symptoms. Future research should prioritize long-term efficacy, interactions with conventional medications, and personalized dietary approaches to refine ADHD treatment strategies.

Accuracy and precision of diets fed to close-up cows on dairy farms and its association with early lactation performance

Ensuring a consistent ration is critical for maximizing lactating cow performance, but this is not known for dry cows. The objectives of this cohort observational study were to: 1) characterize close-up dry cow diets fed on commercial farms in Ontario, Canada, 2) describe the accuracy of the nutrient composition between the formulated close-up diet and the diet offered to the cows, 3) describe the precision of the close-up diets across time, and 4) explore potential associations of that accuracy and precision with blood metabolic parameters and milk yield of cows in early lactation. Forty free-stall dairy farms were visited once every 4 wk, for a total of 6 visits to each farm, from April to October 2022. At each visit, samples of the close-up diet were collected and analyzed for dry matter (DM) content and chemical composition. Close-up diet formulations were also obtained by each farm's nutritionists. During each visit, fresh cows (0 to 14 d in milk [DIM]) had blood samples taken for blood metabolites. The same cows were also monitored for milk yield up to 120 DIM. Multivariable models were used to analyze associations between variability (in relation to the formulated diet and across time) of nutrients in the close-up diet, as measured by coefficient of variation (CV), and outcomes in fresh cows. Corn silage (67.6% of farms) and straw (24.3% of farms) were the predominant primary forage sources used in the close-up dry cow diets. Soybean meal (37.8% of farms) and canola meal (18.9% of farms) were the main ingredients used as primary concentrate sources. Overall, the diets offered did not accurately represent the formulated diets. With the exception of net energy for lactation (NEL), the CVs for the other nutrients were all greater than 5%. Diet variability, both between fed and formulated diets and from visit to visit during the close-up period, was associated with metabolic markers and dairy cow production. Lower variability in non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) between the fed and formulated diets was associated with better liver health index scores. Visit-to-visit variability in fat% and NFC% were associated with blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations, while NFC% variability was associated with blood glucose levels. Serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations were associated with visit-to-visit variability in DM% and CP%. These results underscore the importance of maintaining consistency between diet formulations and feeding practices over time to optimize early-lactation dairy herd performance and health, granted that these diets are correctly formulated to meet the nutritional needs of cows in the close-up period and applied with recommended feeding practices.

P.321: The differences of dietary food and nutrients intake between obese and non-obese renal transplant recipients in Taiwan.

P.321: The differences of dietary food and nutrients intake between obese and non-obese renal transplant recipients in Taiwan.

Factors Affecting Food Choice Among University Students in Malaysia

This study investigates the variables affecting university students' food Choices. A total of 361 respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, data gathered. The Food Frequency and the Food Choice Questionnaires were used to assess dietary intake and food choice characteristics adapted from Steptoe, Pollard, and Wardle (1995). The study examined various food selection criteria including health, price, convenience, familiarity, and sensory appeal. The results indicated that sensory appeal was the most important factor influencing food choices among university students, while price was the least important. A significant relationship between food choice factors and their food intake. Students showed a strong concern forboth sensory appeal and convenience. Due to limited resources, students prioritized the sensory appeal of food over other factors, with sensory appeal sometimes acting as a barrier to healthy eating. Future research should explore these factors in different geographical areas and educational institutions.

Accelerating wheat improvement through trait characterization: advances and perspectives.

Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a primary dietary staple food for humanity. Many wheat genetic resources with variable genomes have a record of domestication history and are widespread throughout the world. To develop elite wheat varieties, agronomical and stress-responsive trait characterization is foremost for evaluating existing germplasm to promote breeding. However, genomic complexity is one of the primary impediments to trait mining and characterization. Multiple reference genomes and cutting-edge technologies like haplotype mapping, genomic selection, precise gene editing tools, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, high-efficiency genetic transformation systems, and speed-breeding facilities are transforming wheat functional genomics research to understand the genomic diversity of polyploidy. This review focuses on the research achievements in wheat genomics, the available omics approaches,and bioinformatic resources developed in the past decades. Advances in genomics and system biology approaches are highlighted to circumvent bottlenecks in genomic and phenotypic selection, as well as gene transfer. In addition, we propose conducting precise functional genomic studies and developing sustainable breeding strategies for wheat. These developments in understanding wheat traits have speed up the creation of high-yielding, stress-resistant, and nutritionally enhanced wheat varieties, which will help in addressing global food security and agricultural sustainability in the era of climate change.

Dietary behaviour, attitude and food perceptions of patients with ulcerative colitis - An observational study.

Dietary knowledge, perception and practices may have a role in determining the nutritional status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the assessment of these patterns has infrequently been done in developing countries. We aimed to evaluate patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) about their dietary beliefs, practices and changes after the diagnosis. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among patients with UC at a tertiary care centre in North India. Apart from clinical details, we collected information about dietary beliefs, sources of information, dietary practices and changes after the diagnosis of UC. The information was collected using a designed and pretested survey questionnaire. We included 93 patients with a mean age of 40.6 ± 13.3 years and 49 (52.7%) were men. A majority of patients felt that diet had an important role in the causation of IBD (86%, n = 80) and triggering relapses (86%, n = 80). A total of 94.6% of patients (n = 88) felt that certain foods (especially spicy and fatty food and milk) items increased the symptoms of IBD. Patients felt that some food items (yogurt and buttermilk) improved the symptoms. A total of 96.8% of patients (n = 90) changed their diet in some form (commonly, restriction of milk products and outside food), 64% of patients (n = 60) deprived themselves of their favourite food after diagnosis, 80.6% of patients (n = 75) felt a need for additional dietary advice. Regular milk intake was seen more often by patients in remission than those with active disease in IBD (36/47 (76.6%) vs 7/15(46.6%), p = 0.03). Most patients believe that diet has an important role in the causation, relapses and treatment of UC. Patients also felt the need for more information regarding diet in IBD.

IgE- and non-IgE-mediated food allergies - an overview

Food allergies are divided into 2 main categories: IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated food allergies. Both forms can have significant health effects but differ in mechanism, symptoms, and management. The manifestation of the 2 forms differs between children and adults. These differences can be observed in the prevalence and the type of most common allergens and clinical presentation. The prevalence of food allergies has increased worldwide in recent decades. IgE-mediated allergies are the best researched and documented. They are particularly common in children, while non-IgE-mediated allergies are less well understood and diagnosed, leading to uncertainty about their prevalence. They often manifest as gastrointestinal symptoms that can occur hours to days after ingestion and are often difficult to distinguish from other food intolerances. The occurrence of food allergies varies significantly geographically. Differences in dietary habits, food composition, and environmental factors can partly explain these differences. There are also indications that genetics may play a role. IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated food allergies represent a significant and growing challenge for the global healthcare system. This article provides an in-depth review of both types of food allergy, discussing their potential causes, diagnostic possibilities, and available therapeutic strategies. Some diseases represent a mixed form of IgE and non-IgE-mediated immunological adverse reactions. Eosinophilic oesophagitis is the most common eosinophilic disease, and the diagnosis and treatment options are explained in more detail below.

Exploring Multidimensional and Within-Food Group Diversity for Diet Quality and Long-Term Health in High-Income Countries

Dietary diversity is a crucial component of healthy eating patterns because it ensures nutritional adequacy. Yet, concerns have been raised about the potential risks of its increase, which may reflect excessive consumption of unhealthy foods and higher obesity or cardiometabolic risk, particularly in high-income countries. However, the links between dietary diversity and different health outcomes remain inconclusive because of methodological differences in assessing dietary diversity. Numerous studies, mostly cross-sectional, have assessed dietary diversity using different indicators usually based only on the number of foods or food groups consumed. In this perspective, we emphasize that dietary diversity is a multidimensional concept encompassing the number of foods in the diet (food coverage) but also their relative proportions (food evenness) and the nutritional dissimilarity of foods consumed over time (food complementarity). Consequently, a comprehensive assessment of dietary diversity reflecting all its dimensions, both between and within-food groups, is needed to determine the optimal level of complementarity between and within-food groups required to improve health and diet quality. Moreover, given the prevailing context of abundant highly processed and energy-dense foods in high-income countries, promoting dietary diversity should prioritize nutrient-dense food groups. Until recently, within-food group diversity has received limited attention in research and public health recommendations. Still, it may play a role in improving diet quality and long-term health. This perspective aims to clarify the concept of dietary diversity and suggest research avenues that should be explored to better understand its associations with nutritional adequacy and health among adults in high-income countries.

Dietary vitamin B3 supplementation induces the antitumor immunity against liver cancer via biased GPR109A signaling in myeloid cell

The impact of dietary nutrients on tumor immunity remains an area of ongoing investigation, particularly regarding the specific role of vitamins and their mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that vitamin B3 (VB3) induces antitumor immunity against liver cancer through biased GPR109A axis in myeloid cell. Nutritional epidemiology studies suggest that higher VB3 intake reduces liver cancer risk. VB3 supplementation demonstrates antitumor efficacy in multiple mouse models through alleviating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) mediated by tumor-infiltrating myeloid cell, thereby augmenting effectiveness of immunotherapy or targeted therapy in a CD8+ Tcell-dependent manner. Mechanically, the TME induces aberrant GPR109A/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation in myeloid cell to shape the immunosuppressive TME. In contrast, VB3 activates β-Arrestin-mediated GPR109A degradation and NF-κB inhibition to suppress the immunosuppressive polarization of myeloid cell, thereby activating the cytotoxic function of CD8+ Tcell. Overall, these results expand the understanding of how vitamins regulate the TME, suggesting that dietary VB3 supplementation is an adjunctive treatment for liver cancer.

Cannabis-infused foods: Phytonutrients, health, and safe product innovations.

Cannabis-infused foods are currently on the rise in markets all around the world. Meanwhile, there are concerns over the health implications for consumers. Studies have explored the therapeutic potential and nutritional and economic benefits of cannabis usage. Yet, the phytonutrients, processing methods, and health implications of cannabis-infused foods have not been well explored. This review evaluates existing evidence on the nutritional, processing, safety, and phytonutrient composition of cannabis-infused food products and their medicinal and functional prospects. Cannabis seeds contain the highest amount of dietary nutrients, while flowers contain the highest amount of bioactive constituents. Oils, butter, seeds, flowers, and leaf extracts are the plant forms currently incorporated into food products such as beverages, baked products, cooking ingredients, functional foods, nutraceuticals, and nootropics. Cannabis-infused foods have been found to offer therapeutic benefits for pain management, brain function, gut health, and certain cancers. Findings also show significant constraints associated with cannabis-infused foods regarding dosage guidelines, limited research, efficacy, and long-term health effects on consumers. This is further worsened by the lack of policies that regulate the industry. To realize the full potential of cannabis use in the food and health industries and in research, regulatory guidelines are needed to control dosages and improve its efficient use in these industries. This will go a long way to ensure the safety of cannabis users and enhance responsible production, marketing, and distribution.

Effects of raw and roasted high oleic soybeans on milk production of high-producing dairy cows

Processing method of soybeans has the potential to influence dairy cow production performance, therefore we determined the effect feeding raw or roasted, ground high oleic acid soybeans (HOSB) on production responses of high-producing dairy cows. Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows (45.6 ± 6.22 kg/d of milk; 110 ± 61 DIM) were randomly assigned to treatment sequences in a 4 × 2 Truncated Latin square design with 35-d periods. Treatments were: 1) control diet containing soybean meal and soybean hulls (CON), 2) 16% roasted and ground HOSB (RST), 3) 16% raw and ground HOSB (RAW-D), and 4) 16% raw and ground HOSB + additional rumen by-pass protein (RAW-U). High oleic acid soybeans replaced conventional soybean meal and hulls in the control diet and rumen by-pass protein replaced soybean meal in RAW-U to maintain diet nutrient composition (%DM) of ∼28.0% NDF, 21.3% forage NDF, 27.3% starch, and 17.8% CP. Fatty acid content of CON, RST, RAW-D, and RAW-U was 1.60, 4.30, 4.36, and 4.34%DM, respectively. Pre-planned contrasts included the overall effect of HOSB inclusion {CON vs. HOSOY [1/3 (RST + RAW-D + RAW-U)]}, the effect of soybean processing {RST vs. RAW [1/2 (RAW-D + RAW-U)]}, and the effect of increasing RUP content within the raw HOSB treatments (RAW-D vs RAW-U). For most variables tested, there were significant interactions between treatment and week, as HOSOY increased production variables compared with CON and RST increased production responses compared with RAW, with only the magnitude of difference varying between weeks. Overall, HOSOY increased DMI and yields of milk, 3.5% FCM, ECM, and milk fat, but did not affect milk protein yield. RST did not impact DMI but increased yields of milk, 3.5% FCM, ECM, milk fat, and milk protein. Compared with RAW-D, RAW-U increased yields of milk and milk protein and tended to increase ECM. Overall, HOSB inclusion of 16% DM increased production responses in high-producing dairy cows, but roasted HOSB had a greater impact than raw HOSB, and the addition of rumen-bypass protein positively affected milk protein response.

The Influence of Diet and Intake of Macro and Micro Zinc Nutrients on the Incident of Stunting in Toddlers Ages 12-36 Months in Usitasae Village

Short Toddlers (Stunting) is a nutritional status based on the Body Length according to Age (PB/U) index or Body Height according to Age (TB/U) where in the anthropometric standard for assessing children’s nutritional status, the results of these measurements are at the threshold (Z- Score) -3 SD to <-2 SD (short /stunted) and <-3 SD (very short/ severely stunted). The formulation of the problem is how Stunting occurs in toddlers aged 12-36 months and whether there is an influence of the type of food, amount of food, food schedule, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and zinc on the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-36 months. This research aims to analyze the influence of diet and intake of macro and micronutrient zinc on the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-36 months. This type of observational research uses a cross-sectional design. This research was carried out in Usitasae Village. The sample in this study consisted of 54 toddlers using cluster random sampling techniques with bivariate analysis using the chi-square test and multivariate analysis using the multinominal logistic regression test. The results of data analysis on the prevalence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-36 months were 64.8%. The relationship between nutritional intake and the incidence of stunting in toddlers is the type of food (P value = 0.005 ≤ α = 0.05), the amount of food (P value = 0.018 ≤ α = 0.05), the food schedule (P value = 0.022 ≤ α = 0.05), carbohydrates (P value = 0.010 ≤ α = 0.05), protein (P value = 0.000 ≤ α = 0.05), fat (P value = 0.008 ≤ α = 0.05), zinc (P value = 0.006 ≤ α = 0.05). There is a relationship between the type of food, amount of food, food schedule, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and zinc on the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-36 months. There is a need for further study regarding the intake of macro and micronutrients zinc in toddlers aged 12-36 months.

The role of vegetarianism, gender, and food choice motivations on vegetable intake among university students

Objective: This study investigated collegians’ (N = 466) vegetable consumption as a function of their food choice motivations, gender, and dietary habits. Method: Vegetarians and vegans (veg*ns, n = 94, 60% women), occasional meat eaters (n = 90, 66% women), and omnivores (n = 282, 43% women) completed the Food Choice Questionnaire and reported frequency of vegetable consumption. Results: Veg*ns consumed vegetables more frequently than omnivores and occasional meat eaters. Veg*ns’ and occasional meat eaters’ food choices were more motivated by natural content, health, and ethics, and less motivated by familiarity compared to omnivores. Women were more motivated than men by weight control. Health concerns predicted vegetable consumption for all dietary groups. Additionally, familiarity predicted veg*ns vegetable consumption, whereas mood, natural content, and convenience predicted omnivores’ vegetable consumption. Conclusions: Individual differences in dietary habits and food choice motivations should be considered when designing strategies to promote healthful diets for university students.

Transmission Channel of Agriculture Food Import Tariff to Stunting Prevalence

Increases in food prices affect poverty in a way that poor consumer is harmed due to the high proportion of their budget they spent on food. Stunting prevalence might be instigated by several factors such as access to food and nutrition intake, genetic and environment. This research aims to analyse the effect of food import tariffs towards the stunting prevalence of children aged under 5 (five) across districts in Indonesia, and we explore the indirect relationship between stunting prevalence and trade policy. This research uses quantitative descriptive research methods, utilizing both primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through the distribution of questionnaires, followed by Focus Group. Secondary data were obtained from relevant institutions such as the Central Statistics Agency, research journals, and related books. The method of data analysis in the study uses quantitative analysis with a mathematical model. The results showed that tariffs can reduce the consumption of foods that serve in the intake of dietary nutrients such as calories, protein and fat. As a result, food intake affects the prevalence of stunting. Trade liberalisation can have a beneficial impact on child health. The effects of trade liberalisation on stunting through the food channel include: a) trade has a significant effect on calorie, protein, and fat intake, b) intake of these nutrients has a significant effect on child stunting.

Polyphenols in bee products and prevention of cell senescence.

Sustaining the continuity of cells and their homeostasis throughout the lifespan is compulsory for the survival of an organism. Cellular senescence is one of mechanisms involved in cell homeostasis and survival, and plays both important and detrimental roles in the maintenance of malfunctioned and normal cells. However, when exposed to various insults (genetic, metabolic and environmental), the cells undergo oxidative stress which may induce premature senescence, or so-called stress-induced premature senescence. Many age-related diseases are associated with premature senescence. Hence, there is growing interest in the intake of natural sources such as dietary food, which has protective functions on human health and diseases as well as on premature senescence. There are many natural food sources which have beneficial effects on delaying cell senescence, of which bee products are one of them. Bee products (honey, propolis, royal jelly, bee pollen, bee bread, venom and wax) are rich in polyphenols, a compound that exerts powerful antioxidant actions against oxidative stress and is able to delay premature senescence that is linked to ageing. This review describes the factors triggering senescence, the biomarkers involved and the prevention of senescence by the polyphenols present in bee products. Thus, it is hoped that this will provide new insights into the clinical management of age-related diseases.

Comparison of Dietary Behaviors and Health-Related Quality of Life of the Elderly Based on Their Household Type in Korea

This study analyzed the raw data from the 2021 National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted annually in Korea to investigate the dietary behavior, nutrient intake, and health-related quality of life of the elderly in the community based on their household type: single-person, couple, or non-couple family household. As a result of the study, based on the household type, significant differences were found in the frequency of breakfast, lunch, and dinner, as well as in the frequency of consuming vegetables and fruits (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). After analyzing the impact of household type on the depression and happiness levels of the surveyed elderly, it was found that the depression levels of elderly individuals in single-person households were significantly 1.279 times higher, while their feelings of happiness were 0.561 times lower compared to elderly individuals living with their family, including a spouse (P<0.05, P<0.001). In order to enhance the health-related quality of life for elderly individuals living alone with low income and education levels, it is essential to provide systematic management and support activities.