Dietary Intake Of Vitamin Research Articles

P13-042-23 Dietary Intake of Vitamins and Risk of Cancer Mortality Results From the Golestan Cohort Study

P13-042-23 Dietary Intake of Vitamins and Risk of Cancer Mortality Results From the Golestan Cohort Study

Is the Association Between Fruits and Vegetables and Preeclampsia Due to Higher Dietary Vitamin C and Carotenoid Intakes?

BackgroundDiets dense in fruits and vegetables are associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia, but pathways underlying this relationship are unclear. Dietary antioxidants may contribute to the protective effect. ObjectiveWe determined the extent to which the effect of dietary fruit and vegetable density on preeclampsia is because of high intakes of dietary vitamin C and carotenoids. Methods: We used data from 7572 participants in the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers-to-be (8 United States medical centers, 2010‒2013). Usual daily periconceptional intake of total fruits and total vegetables was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. We estimated the indirect effect of ≥2.5 cups/1000 kcal of fruits and vegetables through vitamin C and carotenoid on the risk of preeclampsia. We estimated these effects using targeted maximum likelihood estimation and an ensemble of machine learning algorithms, adjusting for confounders, including other dietary components, health behaviors, and psychological, neighborhood, and sociodemographic factors. ResultsParticipants who consumed ≥2.5 cups of fruits and vegetables per 1000 kcal were less likely than those who consumed <2.5 cups/1000 kcal to develop preeclampsia (6.4% compared with 8.6%). After confounder adjustment, we observed that higher fruit and vegetable density was associated with 2 fewer cases of preeclampsia (risk difference: –2.0; 95% CI: –3.9, –0.1)/100 pregnancies compared with lower density diets. High dietary vitamin C and carotenoid intake was not associated with preeclampsia. The protective effect of high fruit and vegetable density on the risk of preeclampsia and late-onset preeclampsia was not mediated through dietary vitamin C and carotenoids. ConclusionsEvaluating other nutrients and bioactives in fruits and vegetables and their synergy is worthwhile, along with characterizing the effect of individual fruits or vegetables on preeclampsia risk.

Serum Vitamins A and E at Mid-Pregnancy and Their Relationships with Both Maternal and Cord Blood Antioxidant Status and Perinatal Conditions: The NELA Cohort

Introduction: Most of the pregnant women do not achieve the recommended dietary intake of vitamins A and E. These vitamins may counteract oxidative stress involved in some adverse perinatal outcomes. We aimed to assess the associations between maternal vitamin A and E at mid-pregnancy with both maternal and fetal outcomes and to identify possible early biomarkers during pregnancy to predict and prevent oxidative stress in the offspring. Methods: Data on dietary and serum levels of vitamins A and E were collected from 544 pregnant women from the Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) study, a prospective mother-child cohort set up in Spain. Results: There were large discrepancies between low dietary vitamin E intake (78% of the mothers) and low serum vitamin E levels (3%) at 24 weeks of gestation. Maternal serum vitamins A and E at mid-pregnancy were associated with higher antioxidant status not only in the mother at this time point (lower hydroperoxides and higher total antioxidant activity [TAA]) but also with the newborn at birth (higher TAA). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was negatively associated with maternal serum vitamin A (OR: 0.95 CI: 0.91–0.99, p = 0.009) at mid-pregnancy. Nevertheless, we could not detect any association between GDM and oxidative stress parameters. Conclusions: In conclusion, maternal vitamin A and E serum levels may be used as an early potential biomarker of antioxidant status of the neonate at birth. Control of these vitamins during pregnancy could help avoid morbid conditions in the newborn caused by oxidative stress in GDM pregnancies.

Analyzing the Prevalence of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Diets of Georgian Elderly Care Facilities

Vitamin overdose is often not researched in comparison to its counterpart risk, malnutrition. As the general topic of vitamin overdose is already under-researched, I specifically looked at fat-soluble vitamins (Vitamins A, D, E, and K) in elderly care facilities in Georgia to determine if any posed the unrecognized risk of vitamin over supplementation. The examination of these risks are paramount since many elderly residents are dependent on the facility to provide food as well as their supplements. Thus, this would mean that even a facility-provided diet high in vitamins may assume a vitamin risk since supplementation on top of this diet is unnecessary and may lead to over supplementation. Other commonly researched risks are also explored by analyzing prevalence. Through a sequential mixed methods approach, I analyzed qualitative interviews on medical and dietary staff from 8 respective care facilities to determine dietary vitamin intake and content analyses on their meal plans for supplemental intake. The results of my study found that there were no conclusive vitamin deficiency risks, most vitamins were in the adequate range, and Vitamin A and potentially Vitamin D were at the highest risk for over supplementation. These factors may be due to the common emphasis of vitamins in diet (as opposed to supplements) and the frequent shift in supplement responsibility to medical professionals. Thus, future research should look at the extent of this issue in Georgia and potential prevention measures.

Dietary and supplemental intake of vitamins C and E is associated with altered DNA methylation in an epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background: Dietary intake of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E protect against oxidative stress, and may also be associated with altered DNA methylation patterns. Methods: We meta-analysed epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) results from 11,866 participants across eight population-based cohorts to evaluate the association between self-reported dietary and supplemental intake of vitamins C and E with DNA methylation. EWAS were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, caloric intake, blood cell type proportion, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and technical covariates. Significant results of the meta-analysis were subsequently evaluated in gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and expression quantitative trait methylation (eQTM) analysis. Results: In meta-analysis, methylation at 4,656 CpG sites was significantly associated with vitamin C intake at FDR ≤ 0.05. The most significant CpG sites associated with vitamin C (at FDR ≤ 0.01) were enriched for pathways associated with systems development and cell signalling in GSEA, and were associated with downstream expression of genes enriched in the immune response in eQTM analysis. Furthermore, methylation at 160 CpG sites was significantly associated with vitamin E intake at FDR ≤ 0.05, but GSEA and eQTM analysis of the top most significant CpG sites associated with vitamin E did not identify significant enrichment of any biological pathways investigated. Conclusions: We identified significant associations of many CpG sites with vitamin C and E intake, and our results suggest that vitamin C intake may be associated with systems development and the immune response.

Physical Activity, Sun Exposure, Vitamin D Intake and Perceived Stress in Italian Adults.

The last decades of global development have, due to rapid urbanization, pressuring entire populations to changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, led to an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders, including stress. This study explored how lifestyle and dietary factors, such as physical activity, sun exposure, and vitamin D intake are related to perceived stress in a Mediterranean-based population. Physical activity level was evaluated using the international physical activity questionnaires (IPAQ), sun exposure was evaluated using the sunlight exposure measurement questionnaire (SEM-Q), and validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were used to assess dietary intakes. The perceived stress of the study participants was evaluated using the perceived stress scale (PSS). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test for potential associations. In the most adjusted model, an inverse association between physical activity level, sunlight exposure, vitamin D intake, and high perceived stress was found (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.00, OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.99, OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.89, respectively). However, when stratifying the population by level of physical activity, the retrieved associations with sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D intake were significant only among those individuals reporting being moderately to highly physically active (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.33 and OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.76, respectively), while results on low physically active participants were null. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that higher dietary intake of vitamin D and sunlight exposure are associated with a lower likelihood of having high perceived stress among physically active individuals.

Are There Any Correlations between Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium Intake and Coronary and Obesity Indices?

Objective The association between nutrient intake and obesity and coronary problems has received great attention. So, this study aimed to examine the association between vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium intake and obesity and coronary indices. Methods A total of 491 male and female university employees (18–64 years) were randomly included in a cross-sectional study. Blood samples were drawn, and the lipid profile was analyzed. Different anthropometrics were measured. Obesity and coronary indices were calculated based on standard formulas. A 24-h recall was used to measure the average dietary intake of vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium. Results For the total sample, vitamin D had a significantly weak correlation with the abdominal volume index (AVI) and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). However, calcium intake had a significant moderate correlation with the AVI and a weak correlation with the conicity index (CI), body roundness index (BRI), body adiposity index (BAI), WWI, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). In males, there was a significant weak correlation between calcium and magnesium intake and the CI, BAI, AVI, WWI, and BRI. Additionally, magnesium intake had a weak correlation with the LAP. In female participants, calcium and magnesium intake had a weak correlation with CI, BAI, AIP, and WWI. Additionally, calcium intake showed a moderate correlation with the AVI and BRI and a weak correlation with the LAP. Conclusion Magnesium intake had the greatest impact on coronary indices. Calcium intake had the greatest impact on obesity indices. Vitamin D intake had minimal effects on obesity and coronary indices.

Dietary intake of macro and micronutrients correspond with sleep behaviors in collegiate female soccer players

Both macro and micronutrient intakes have an impact on sleep behaviors in athletes, notably sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency. Proper nutrient intake supports daily muscle repair and synthesis of sleep regulating compounds (e.g., serotonin and melatonin). The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sleep behaviors and dietary intake in elite college female athletes. It was hypothesized that dietary carbohydrates and vitamin intake would be associated with both sleep timing and consistency. Twenty-three female Division I collegiate soccer players were evaluated for their sleep and nutritional patterns. Athletes wore an OURA ring (OURA Health, Oulu, Finland) each night for 31 days during the competitive season. During the final three days, athletes recorded their dietary intake using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24). All athletes were exposed to the same travel schedule throughout the evaluation period, which did not differ by more than one time zone. Pearson’s R with Bonferonni Correction was used to assess the relationship between the average daily intake of various nutrients with average nightly sleep behaviors. Total Vitamin B12 ( r=-0.63), added Vitamin B12 ( r=-0.62), and Vitamin C ( r=-0.53) were negatively correlated with average bedtimes (P&lt;0.01) while added Vitamin B12 ( r=-0.61) and Vitamin C ( r=-0.50) were also negatively associated with wake times (P&lt;0.01). Greater dietary intake of kcals from carbohydrates, with respect to recommended consumption, was associated with earlier bedtimes ( r=0.41, P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, greater intake of carbohydrates and vitamins B12 and C are associated with ideal sleep behaviors. A potential mechanism accounting for this relationship could be the enhanced contribution of antioxidants and glycemic load on the synthesis of vital hormones for sleep regulation, including serotonin and melatonin. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Effect of Serum Vitamin D Content on the Clinical Course of Psoriasis

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of serum vitamin D insufficiency in patients with psoriasis and study the relationship between dietary intake of vitamin D and clinical characteristics. Materials and Methods: Totally eighty individuals were enrolled and were equally divided into two groups (40 patients in each group): Group A consisted of psoriasis patients, whereas Group B consisted of controls. By using the PASI scale, psoriasis plaques were identified and assessed. The predesign questionnaire was developed and was given to each participant to complete it. Age, gender, the length of the psoriasis, concurrent illnesses, and medications were among the collected data. A dermatologist examined all of the patients and gathered information about their demographics, health, and any other pertinent information. Blood samples were taken to measure the level of serum vitamin D using the immuno-enzyme method. All measurements were conducted during winter months to avoid the influence of sun exposure on synthesis of vitamin D3 and its derivative 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. SPSS (v 25.0) was used for analysis and the results were shown in the form of graph and table. Results: Statistically significant difference was found in 25(OH) D3 levels between psoriasis affected individuals and healthy individuals. Both groups have low level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. In our results there is negative correlation between 25(OH) D3 and PASI. There is also a negative correlation between 25(OH) D3 and duration of psoriasis. Practical implication: This study will help the clinical practitioner to advise the patients with psoriasis to use enough amounts of vitamin D3 that will help to normalize the vitamin D level in patients. It is believed that psoriasis can cause a progressive decrease in the level of vitamin D3 derivatives in the whole human body, including the skin. So vitamin D rich food must be eaten in high amount. Conclusion: It is found in this study that both the groups have low serum vitamin D3 level. Both the general public and persons with psoriasis should eat enough amounts of vitamin D3. Keywords: PASI, vitamin D3, Psoriasis, serum, antiproliferative,

The Effects of Dietary Nutrient Intake on Cervical Cancer: A Brief Review

AbstractCervical cancer (CC) results from a subsequent process, starting from the infection of normal cervical epithelium with oncogenic human papillomavirus and gradually progressing to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), before finally developing into invasive cervical cancer (ICC). Over recent decades, dietary micronutrients have gained much attention due to their pivotal role in cancer prevention. We reviewed several relevant literature studies to investigate the protective roles of dietary nutrient intake in CC. Dietary intake of vitamin C, green–yellow vegetables, and provitamin A carotenoids that are rich sources of antioxidants may widely inhibit the process of CC development, whereas vitamins A and D might be more helpful in preventing the early events in the disease development. Vitamin E, lycopene, and folate are more effective for the treatment of high-grade CIN. Fruits exert their protective effects in the late stages of the cancer process, thus playing a vital role in ICC prevention. Polyphenols, flavonoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids are more often used in cases of CC in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thus, as a primary prevention strategy, the health benefits of various nutrients in CC must be clarified by vitro and in vivo approaches rather than epidemiological studies.

Relationship between high dose intake of vitamin B12 and glaucoma: Evidence from NHANES 2005-2008 among United States adults.

Glaucoma has currently become the second leading cause of blindness in the world. Serum vitamin B12 level has been found to be involved in the development and progression of glaucoma. We performed the present study to confirm this association. This cross-sectional study included 594 participants aged 40 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2008. Retinal imaging was performed using the Ophthalmic Digital Imaging system (Retinography) to assess the retina for the presence of features of glaucomatous lesions. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dietary vitamin intake and glaucoma. After screening, 594 subjects were finally included. Among all vitamin intakes, we observed significant differences between the two groups for vitamin B12 intake (5.93 vs. 4.77 mg, p = 0.033). According to the logistic regression results, the intake of vitamin B12 was significantly positively associated with glaucoma (model 1: OR = 1.078, 95% CI = 1.019-1.141; model 2: OR = 1.092, 95% CI = 1.031-1.158; model 3: OR = 1.092, 95% CI = 1.029-1.158). After performing a quantile regression, we observed a significant positive association between vitamin B12 intake and incident glaucoma in the fourth quartile (model 1: OR = 1.133, 95% CI = 1.060-1.210; model 2: OR = 1.141, 95% CI = 1.072-1.215; model 3: OR = 1.146, 95% CI = 1.071-1.226). Therefore, the above results, high-dose intake of vitamin B12 may promote the development of glaucoma.

Association of Dietary intake of vitamin E with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease events in US adults: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 2013-2018.

Several studies have demonstrated that vitamin E intake is negatively associated with the development of several diseases, but the relationship between vitamin E intake and COPD in different groups of people is not clear. The aim was to investigate the relationship between vitamin E intake and COPD in different groups of people. This study used data from NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) from 2013-2018. A final total of 4,706 participants were included, univariate versus multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models adjusted for confounders were used to explore the relationship between vitamin E intake and COPD, and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess whether there are differences in the relationship between vitamin E intake and COPD in different populations or conditions. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher vitamin E intake showed a significant negative association with COPD [Model 1(unadjusted covariates, OR = 0.48;95% CI:0.33-0.70; p < 0.001), Model 2(adjusted for age, sex, and race, OR = 0.48;95% CI:0.31-0.73; p < 0.01), and Model 3(adjusted for all covariates, OR = 0.57;95% CI:0.36-0.91; p = 0.02)]. And a restricted cubic spline curve showed a significant negative correlation between vitamin E intake and COPD (p for nonlinear = 0.2036). In the subgroup analysis, we found a negative association between vitamin E intake and COPD in all subgroups as well. After analyzing data based on the NHANES database from 2013-2018, the results showed that vitamin E intake among U.S. adults was well below the recommended levels and that higher vitamin E intake was negatively associated with COPD incidence.

Dose-response association between dietary folate and niacin intakes with diabetes among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary intake of folate and niacin and diabetes risk in Chinese adults.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. Demographic and anthropometric data along with information on dietary intake of vitamins were collected, and eligible participants were recruited to complete the questionnaire. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between dietary intake of vitamins and diabetes risk, with adjustment for potential confounders. Non-linear dose-response relationships between dietary intake of folate and niacin and diabetes risk were also evaluated using adjusted restricted cubic splines.ResultsOf the 3106 eligible participants, 15.9% had diabetes. Median folate was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in controls (32.030 vs. 27.600 gμ), while median niacin was significantly lower (7.000 vs. 7.900 mg). After controlling for potential confounders, binary logistic regression analysis showed that each unit increase in folate intake was associated with a 1.002-fold increase in the risk of developing diabetes (odds ratio (OR) = 1.002; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.000–1.004; P = 0.022), while each unit increase in niacin intake was associated with a 3.5% reduction in diabetes risk (OR = 0.965; 95% CI 0.944–0.986; P = 0.001). The plots of restricted cubic splines presented an atypical inverted U-shaped association between dietary intake of folate and diabetes risk.ConclusionsDiabetic patients had a low intake of vitamins, especially the B vitamins. Dietary intake of folate and niacin tended to be independently associated with the risk of diabetes. Nevertheless, this study is observational and a large-scale randomized controlled trial is yet to be conducted, which will add to the evidence of the study results.

Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and handgrip strength in American adults: Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2014).

The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI), a composite score of multiple dietary antioxidants (including vitamin A, C, and E, selenium, zinc, and carotenoids), represents an individual's comprehensive dietary antioxidant intake profile. CDAI was developed based on its combined effect on pro-inflammatory markers Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory effects of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which are associated with many health outcomes, including depression, all-cause mortality, colorectal cancer, etc. Handgrip strength is used as a simple measure of muscle strength, not only is it highly correlated with overall muscle strength, but also serves as a diagnostic tool for many adverse health outcomes, including sarcopenia and frailty syndromes. The association between CDAI and Handgrip strength (HGS) is currently unclear. This study investigated the association between CDAI (including its components) and HGS in 6,019 American adults. The research data were selected from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES), and a total of 6,019 American adults were screened and included. A weighted generalized linear regression model was used to evaluate CDAI (including its components) and HGS. (1) CDAI was significantly positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.009, 0.005∼0.013, P < 0.001), and the trend test showed that compared with the lowest quartile of CDAI, the highest quartile of CDAI was positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.084, 0.042∼0.126, P = 0.002) and significant in trend test (P for trend < 0.0100). Gender subgroup analysis showed that male CDAI was significantly positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.015, 0.007∼0.023, P = 0.002), and the trend test showed that compared with the lowest quartile of CDAI, the highest quartile of CDAI was positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.131, 0.049∼0.213, P = 0.006) and the trend test was significant (P for trend < 0.0100). There was no correlation between female CDAI and HGS, and the trend test was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (2) The intake of dietary vitamin E, Zinc and Selenium showed a significant positive correlation with HGS (β = 0.004, 0.002∼0.007, P = 0.006; β = 0.007, 0.004∼0.009, P < 0.001; β = 0.001, 0.001∼0.001, P < 0.001), vitamin A, vitamin C and carotenoid were significantly associated with HGS in the Crude Model, but this significant association disappeared in the complete model with the increase of control variables. Gender subgroup analysis showed that in model 3, male dietary intake levels of vitamin E, Zinc, and Selenium were significantly positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.005, 0.002∼0.009, P = 0.011; β = 0.007, 0.004∼0.011, P = 0.001; β = 0.001, 0.001∼0.001, P = 0.004), the rest of the indicators had no significant correlation with HGS. Among the female subjects, dietary zinc intake was significantly positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.005, 0.001∼0.008, P = 0.008), and there was no significant correlation between other indicators and HGS (P > 0.05). There was an association between the CDAI and HGS, but there was a gender difference, and there was an association between the CDAI and HGS in male, but the association was not significant in female. Intake of the dietary antioxidants vitamin E, selenium, and zinc was associated with HGS in male, but only zinc was associated with HGS among dietary antioxidants in female.

Dietary intake and serum concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin E and pre-eclampsia risk in Chinese pregnant women: A matched case-control study.

Many studies have suggested that the serum concentrations of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin E (VE) influence preeclampsia (PE) risk in pregnant women. However, few studies have assessed whether dietary intake and serum concentrations of VA and VE are correlated with PE risk. A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted to explore the association between the dietary intake and serum concentrations of VA and VE and the risk of PE in pregnant Chinese women. A total of 440 pregnant women with PE and 440 control pregnant women were included in the study. Dietary information was obtained using a 78-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum concentrations of VA and VE were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with the lowest quartile, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)] of the highest quartiles were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.40-0.96, P trend = 0.02) for VA, 0.51 (95% CI: 0.33-0.80, P trend =0.002) for β-carotene, and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.45-1.08, P trend = 0.029) for retinol. Additionally, for serum VA and VE concentrations, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) were 2.75 (95% CI: 1.24-6.13, P trend = 0.002) and 11.97 (95% CI: 4.01-35.77, P trend < 0.001), respectively. No significant association was seen between VE intake and PE risk. Dietary VA intake was negatively correlated with PE risk, and serum VA and VE concentrations were positively correlated with PE risk among pregnant Chinese women.

Low Vitamin K and Vitamin D Dietary Intake in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

The inadequate dietary intake of Vitamin D and Vitamin K is an easily reversible factor favoring IBD-associated bone loss, but data on Vitamin K are lacking. A 28-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to 193 IBD patients (89 Crohn's disease and 104 ulcerative colitis), and 199 controls. Patients' demographics, clinical and laboratory findings were analyzed in relation to recommended daily allowances. VitD intake was inadequate both in the IBD and control patients (8.3 ± 4.5 µg/day in IBD, 53.1% RDA, and 9.7 ± 5.9 µg/day, 63.2% RDA, respectively). Conversely, the mean ViK intake was less than adequate in IBD, at 116.7 ± 116.3 µg/day (78.7% RDA), and high in controls, at 203.1 ± 166.9 µg/day (138.8% RDA). Nonetheless, due to marked inter-individual differences, diets were severely lacking VitK in 40% of UC and 49% of CD patients, more so in females and those with active disease. The intake of Vit D was non-significantly lower in colitis than that in Crohn's disease (7.9 vs. 8.7 µg/day). The opposite was observed for VitK (123.5 vs. 107.0 µg/day). Thus, the diet lacks the micronutrients involved in bone wellbeing in a large proportion of IBD patients. While VitD supplementation is the rule, VitK shortages need proactive nutritional intervention.

Association between long-term air pollution exposure and development of diabetes among community-dwelling adults: Modification of the associations by dietary nutrients

BackgroundStudies on the modifying effects of dietary factors on the association between air pollution and diabetes-related outcomes are limited. We examined whether dietary nutrients could modify the association between long-term air pollution exposure and the development of diabetes. MethodsWe used data from the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study, which enrolled adults aged 40–69 years in Korea between 2005 and 2011 and followed them up until 2016 (n = 14,667). Annual concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at each participant’s residence(s) were estimated using community multiscale air quality models. Intake of 22 dietary nutrients was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire during the baseline survey. We examined the product terms between air pollution levels (continuous) and each dietary nutrient (quartile) using Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. ResultsPM2.5 [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.49, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 2.00] and NO2 (HR = 1.29, 95 % CI: 1.12, 1.49) concentrations were found to be associated with incident diabetes. NO2 levels interacted with dietary intake of retinol, vitamin A, and cholesterol (p-values for interaction < 0.05). Stronger associations were observed between NO2 levels and the occurrence of diabetes among individuals with a lower intake of these nutrients compared to those with a higher intake. No interaction was found between PM2.5 and the 22 investigated dietary nutrients. ConclusionsAdequate intake of dietary nutrients, such as retinol, vitamin A, and cholesterol, from various food items in a balanced diet may prevent the occurrence of diabetes in a setting wherein reduction of air pollution levels cannot be achieved in a short time frame.

Factors Affecting the Vitamin C Dose-Concentration Relationship: Implications for Global Vitamin C Dietary Recommendations

Vitamin C status is known to be associated with several demographic and lifestyle factors. These include gender, age, ethnicity, pregnancy/lactation, body weight, smoking status and dietary habits. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 datasets to assess the impact of these factors on vitamin C dose-concentration relationships to establish if there are higher requirements for vitamin C in certain subpopulations, and the possible extent of these additional requirements. The final cohort comprised 2828 non-supplementing adult males and females (aged 18-80+ years) with both vitamin C serum concentrations and dietary intake data available. The data were subsequently stratified by gender, age tertiles (≤36, 37-58, ≥59 years), ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and total Hispanic), socioeconomic tertiles (poverty income ratios: ≤1.35, 1.36-3.0, >3.0), weight tertiles (<72, 72-91, >91 kg), BMI tertiles (<26, 26-32, >32 kg/m2) and smoking status. Sigmoidal (four parameter logistic) curves with asymmetrical 95% confidence intervals were fitted to the dose-concentration data. We found that males required vitamin C intakes ~1.2-fold higher than females to reach 'adequate' serum vitamin C concentrations of 50 µmol/L. Males had both higher body weight and a higher prevalence of smoking than females. Smokers required vitamin C intakes ~2.0-fold higher than non-smokers to reach adequate vitamin C concentrations. Relative to adults in the lighter weight tertile, adults in the heavier weight tertile required ~2.0-fold higher dietary intakes of vitamin C to reach adequate serum concentrations. We did not observe any impact of ethnicity or socioeconomic status on the vitamin C dose-concentration relationship, and although no significant difference between younger and older adults was observed at vitamin C intakes > 75 mg/day, at intakes < 75 mg/day, older adults had an attenuated serum response to vitamin C intake. In conclusion, certain demographic and lifestyle factors, specifically gender, smoking and body weight, have a significant impact on vitamin C requirements. Overall, the data indicate that the general population should consume ~110 mg/day of vitamin C to attain adequate serum concentrations, smokers require ~165 mg/day relative to non-smokers, and heavier people (100+ kg) require ~155 mg/day to reach comparable vitamin C concentrations. These findings have important implications for global vitamin C dietary recommendations.

Black skin color but not VDR gene represent a risk factor for low serum levels of vitamin D in self-declared black individuals

The absorption of vitamin D occurs via two main pathways: first, through the biosynthesis in the skin under the exposure of UV from sunlight; and second, through the intake of certain foods. However, its levels can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, which can generate changes such as vitamin D deficiency (hypovitaminosis D), a condition that black adults have a high potential to suffer from. The aim of this work is to study the association of skin color (self-reported: black, brown and white), food consumption, and the BsmI polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) on serum levels of vitamin D in a group of adults. This was a cross-sectional analytical study. Individuals in the community were invited to participate in the research and, After signing the informed consent, a structured questionnaire was applied containing identification data, self-declaration of race/color, and nutritional data (Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24h); afterwards, blood was collected for biochemical analysis, vitamin D was measured by Chemiluminescence and RT-PCR was used to evaluate the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene. Data was analyzed using a statistical program (SPSS 20.0) and differences between groups using p<0.05. A total of 114 persons was evaluated between black, brown and white individuals. It was found that a large part of the sample presents hypovitaminosis D, and blacks stand out with an average serum vitamin D level of 15.9ng/dL. The group demonstrated that dietary intake of vitamin D is low, with the present study is a pioneer in associating the polymorphism of the VDR gene (BsmI) with the consumption of foods that are considered to have a higher content of vitamin D in their composition. The VDR gene does not represent a risk factor for the consumption of vitamin D in this sample, and it was found that the self-declaration of "black" skin color was an independent risk factor for low serum levels of vitamin D.

Micronutrient inadequacy and urinary stone disease: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018.

Urinary stone disease is common and affects approximately 10% of the American adults. The role of diet in stone formation is well-recognized; however, the literature focus has been on dietary excess rather than micronutrient inadequacy. As patients with stones may be at risk for nutrient inadequacies, we investigated the role of micronutrient inadequacy in stone formation by performing a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey on adults who were not taking dietary supplements. Micronutrient intake was obtained from 24-h dietary recalls, and usual intake was calculated. Survey-weighted, adjusted logistic regression was used for an incident analysis on having any history of stones. An additional analysis on recurrent stone-formers was performed with the outcome being 2 or more stones passed. Finally, a sensitivity analysis using quasi-Poisson regression was performed with the outcome being number of stones passed. There were 9777 respondents representing 81,087,345 adults, of which 9.36% had a stone history. Our incident analysis revealed inadequate vitamin A intake to be associated with stone formation (OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03-1.71). Recurrent analysis did not find any significant associations, while our sensitivity analysis revealed inadequate vitamin A (IRR 1.96, 95% CI: 1.28-3.00) and pyridoxine (IRR 1.99, 95% CI: 1.11-3.55) to be associated with a higher number of recurrent stones. Hence, inadequate dietary intake of vitamin A and pyridoxine was associated with nephrolithiasis. Further research is needed to identify the roles of these micronutrients in stone-formers and the potential for evaluation and treatment.