Dietary Antioxidant Intake Research Articles

Association of Dietary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and Gastric Cancer Risk According to Smoking Status and Histological Subtypes of Gastric Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Korea

Smoking is a risk factor for gastric cancer (GC) and causes oxidative stress. Antioxidant vitamins may protect against oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and GC risk according to smoking status and the histological subtype. This case-control study included 286 pairs of patients with GC and controls aged 20–79 years enrolled at two hospitals from 2002 to 2006, matched by age (± 2 years), sex, hospital, and participation period (± 1 years). Dietary information was collected using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). When stratified by smoking status, increased intake of vitamin C (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.17–0.84 for highest vs. lowest; P for trend = 0.033) and folate (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.12–0.64 for highest vs. lowest; P for trend = 0.003) decreased GC risk in nonsmokers. Vitamin C (P for interaction = 0.043) and folate (P for interaction =0.015) levels were significantly associated with smoking status. Similar results were observed in nonsmokers with diffuse and mixed types of GC, but not in those with intestinal type of GC. Therefore, we found an inverse association between higher intake of dietary vitamin C and folate with the risk of GC among nonsmokers. These protective associations were strong in nonsmokers with diffuse and mixed types of GC.

Independent and joint associations of dietary antioxidant intake with risk of post-stroke depression and all-cause mortality

BackgroundFew observational studies have investigated the association of dietary antioxidant intake with post-stroke depression (PSD) risk. We used the cross-sectional and longitudinal design to investigate the independent and joint associations between dietary antioxidant intake and PSD risk and all-cause mortality. MethodsParticipants from the 2005–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) aged 20 years and older with stroke were included. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to assess the associations of dietary antioxidant intake, including vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids, and composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) with PSD risk and all-cause mortality. ResultsThe highest quartile of dietary vitamin A (OR: 0.54, 95%CI: 0.32, 0.92), total carotenoids (OR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.34, 0.94), and selenium intake (OR: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.31, 0.90) were associated with decreased PSD risk compared with those in the lowest quartile. The results showed a negative association between CDAI and PSD risk, with the lowest OR in the third quartiles (OR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.30, 0.83). Furthermore, the highest quartile of dietary vitamin A (HR: 0.63, 95%CI: 0.45, 0.89), vitamin E (HR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.48, 0.99), zinc (HR: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.40, 0.81), selenium (HR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.46, 0.90), and total carotenoids (HR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.47, 0.92) intake and CDAI (HR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.39, 0.81) were associated with decreased all-cause mortality compared with those in the lowest quartile. ConclusionIncreased intake of dietary antioxidant may protect from depressive symptoms and improve the prognosis of stroke patients.

Associations between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and the Changes in Bone Mass in Chinese Adolescents: A 2.5-Year Longitudinal Study.

(1) Background: Optimal bone mass accumulation during adolescence is crucial for maximising peak bone mass during adulthood. Dietary antioxidant vitamins may contribute to bone mass accumulation. This 2.5-year-long longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the relationships between dietary vitamin A, C, and E intakes and the annual changes in bone parameters among Chinese adolescents. (2) Method: Subjects aged 10–18 years (n = 1418) were recruited from a secondary school in Jiangmen, China. Dietary vitamin A, C, and E intakes were assessed using 24 h dietary records over 3 consecutive days. The Sahara Clinical Bone Sonometer was used to measure the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and the speed of sound (SOS). Their annual changes were then calculated (i.e., BUA%/year, SOS%/year). The associations were detected after adjusting for the baseline bone phenotype; age; sex; weight; height; pubertal stage; physical activity; and dietary intakes of vitamin D, calcium and energy. (3) Results: A curvilinear relationship was found between the dietary intake of vitamin C and BUA%/year (p = 0.026); further analyses in the subgroups revealed that this relationship was observed in male adolescents (p = 0.012). A positive association was observed only in boys with a dietary vitamin C intake of ≥159.01 mg/day (β = 0.395, p = 0.036). Moreover, a linear positive association was shown between the dietary intake of vitamin E and BUA%/year in female adolescents (β = 0.082, p = 0.033). (4) Conclusion: Our findings indicated that dietary vitamin C intake has a threshold effect on bone mass gain in male adolescents and that dietary vitamin E intake could be a positive predictor of bone mass gain in female adolescents.

Association of the Composite dietary antioxidant index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A prospective cohort study.

BackgroundAccording to epidemiological and experimental data, high individual dietary antioxidant intake is correlated with reduced cancer risk. The correlations between combined dietary antioxidants and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality remain unclear. Consequently, this study focused on evaluating the correlation between the food-derived Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Materials and methodsTwo years of data collected from participants aged ≥20 years were included in this prospective cohort study, which was obtained from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. The US NHANES adopted a complicated, multistage probability sampling method to collect health data representing the US population. Data collection was done through in-person interviews, virtual physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Mortality-related follow-up statistics from the start of the survey to 31 December 2019 were available. The shape of the correlation between CDAI and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was inspected using a restricted cubic spline model. For CDAI and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, the univariate- and multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were estimated and presented as regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsIn total, 44,031 NHANES participants represented 339.4 million non-institutionalized residents of the US (age, 47.2 ± 16.9 years; 52.5% women, 70.2% non-Hispanic whites, 10.8% non-Hispanic black people, and 7.5% Mexican Americans). In the 118-month follow-up, 9,249 deaths were reported, including 2,406 deaths resulting from heart disease and 519 deaths due to cerebrovascular disease. In the restricted cubic spline regression models, a linear relationship between CDAI and all-cause mortality was present. The weighted multivariate hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were computed to be 0.97 (0.87–1.07) for Q2, 0.88 (0.81–0.96) for Q3, and 0.90 (0.80–1.00) for Q4 (P for trend = 0.009) upon comparison with the lowest quartile of CDAI, and an identical trend was observed for cardiovascular mortality.ConclusionA high CDAI was linked to decreased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. The intake of an antioxidant-rich diet significantly prevents cardiovascular mortality. To shed more light on these outcomes, more itemized investigations such as randomized control trials are required.

Association of improved air quality with lung development from childhood until young adulthood: The BAMSE study

Background and Aim The beneficial effect of improving air quality on lung function development in children remains understudied. We assessed associations of changes in ambient air pollution levels with lung function growth from childhood until young adulthood in a Swedish cohort study. Methods In the prospective birth cohort BAMSE (Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm Epidemiology), spirometry was conducted at the 8-year (2002-2004), 16-year (2011-2013) and 24-year follow-ups (2016-2019). Participants with one spirometry measurement at 8 years and at least one another measurement in subsequent follow-ups were included (1509 participants with 3837 spirometry measurements). Ambient air pollution levels (particulate matter≤2.5 μm [PM2.5], particulate matter≤10 μm [PM10], black carbon [BC] and nitrogen oxides [NOx]) at residential addresses during the lifetime were estimated using dispersion modelling. Linear mixed-effect models were used to estimate the association between air pollution level change and lung function development. Results Overall, individual air pollution levels decreased progressively during the study period. For example, median (interquartile range, IQR) of PM2.5 decreased from 8.2 (0.92) μg/m3 during 2002-2004 to 5.22 (0.67) μg/m3 during 2016-2019. Reduction of air pollution exposure was associated with higher rate of growth for both FEV1 and FVC. For each IQR decrease in PM2.5, the growth rate increased by 3.7 ml/year (95%CI: 1.3-6.0, P<0.001) for FEV1 and 7.9 ml/year (95%CI:4.3-11.4, P<0.001) for FVC. Significant associations with lung function growth were also observed for reduction of PM10, BC and NOx. These associations persisted after adjustment for potential confounders. The beneficial effect from improved air quality was not statistically modified by asthma, allergic sensitization, early-life air pollution exposure or dietary intake of antioxidants. Conclusions Long-term reduction of air pollution is associated with positive lung function development from childhood to young adulthood. Keywords: air pollution, lung function, spirometry, improved air quality, cohort

Dietary total anti-oxidant capacity is inversely related to the prevalence of depression in adolescent girls

BackgroundOxidative stress is considered to be a contributory factor for depression, and is affected by the dietary intake of pro-and anti-oxidants. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) is an index which is applied to estimate the cumulative power of antioxidants in the whole diet. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between DTAC and prevalence of depression in adolescent girls.MethodsA total of 741 Iranian adolescent girls aged 12–18 years were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake and depression severity score were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and Beck's depression inventory, respectively. To estimate the DTAC, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method was used for selected foods. To explore the associations between DTAC and depression, logistic regression was applied using crude and adjusted models.ResultsIndividuals in the greatest adherence to high DTAC had more intakes of whole grains, legumes, fruits, dried fruits, low fat dairy products, cruciferous vegetables, fiber, magnesium, vitamin C, folate, potassium, zinc, β-carotene, lutein, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin B-6 and lower consumption of refined grains. Subjects in the highest quartile of DTAC had a 39% lower odds of depression compared to those in the first quartile (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38–0.97, P for trend = 0.012); these associations remained significant after adjustments in first, second and third (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.28–0.92, P for trend < 0.001) adjusted models.ConclusionsAn inverse association was observed between the DTAC and the prevalence of depression in our population sample of adolescent girls. Further research needs to be conducted in different areas, including longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes.

Causal associations between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.

BackgroundOxidative stress is currently considered to be closely related to the occurrence of respiratory tumors, especially lung cancer. Many observational studies have shown that increased antioxidant intake can reduce the risk of lung cancer, but the results are still controversial. Therefore, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomized (MR) analysis to clarify the causal relationship between antioxidant vitamins and lung cancer.MethodsTo assess the causal effect of dietary antioxidant vitamin intake on lung cancer, we conducted a two-sample MR analysis and we extracted single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with antioxidants from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of the UK biobank. We gathered summary data for lung cancer from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), including 11,348 cases and 15,861 controls, and applied the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary MR analysis, and performed a sensitivity analysis to verify the results.ResultsThe results showed that higher dietary retinol intake was causally associated with lung cancer overall [odds ratio (OR) = 1.844, 95% CI, 1.359–2.502, p = 0.00009], squamous cell lung cancer (OR = 2.162, 95% CI, 1.117–4.183, p = 0.022), and lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.706, 95% CI, 1.084–2.685, p = 0.021). Additionally, carotene was positively correlated with lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.510, 95% CI, 1.002–2.276, p = 0.049). However, there was a non-significant relationship between the intake of other dietary antioxidants (vitamin C and vitamin E) and lung cancer.ConclusionOur research showed that dietary retinol intake has an adverse impact on lung cancer, and carotene might increase the risk of adenocarcinoma. This highlights the importance of revealing the underlying mechanisms of dietary antioxidant vitamins in lung cancer and delivers an important health message that dietary antioxidant vitamin intake may not be necessary for the prevention of lung cancer. It also provides a basis for future research.

Dietary antioxidant intake is inversely associated with 2,3-dinor oxylipin metabolites, the major excreted oxylipins in overweight and obese subjects.

Cardiometabolic disease risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia, are associated with elevated oxidative stress biomarkers like oxylipins. Increased adiposity by itself induces various isomers of this oxidized lipid family, while dietary polyphenols show benefits in its regulation. Previously, we showed that specific co-abundant microorganisms characterized the gut microbiota of Colombians and associated differentially with diet, lifestyle, obesity, and cardiometabolic health status, which led us to hypothesize that urinary oxylipins would reflect the intensity of oxidative metabolism linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Thus, we selected a convenience sample of 105 participants (age: 40.2±11.9 years, 47.6% women), grouped according to microbiota, cardiometabolic health status, and body mass index (BMI); and evaluated 33 urinary oxylipins by HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS (e.g., isoprostanes, prostaglandins, and metabolites), paired with anthropometry and blood chemistry information and dietary antioxidants estimated from a 24-h food recall. In general, oxylipins did not show differences among individuals who differed in gut microbiota. While the unmetabolized oxylipin levels were not associated with BMI, the total content of oxylipin metabolites was highest in obese and cardiometabolically abnormal subjects (e.g., insulin resistant), mainly by prostaglandin-D (2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α) and 15-F2t-IsoPs (2,3-dinor-15-F2t-IsoP and 2,3-dinor-15-epi-15-F2t-IsoP) metabolites. The total polyphenol intake in this cohort was 1070±627mg/day. After adjusting for body weight, the polyphenol intake was significantly higher in lean than overweight and showed an inverse association with dinor-oxylipin levels in principal component analysis. These results suggest that the 2,3-dinor-oxylipins could be more specific biomarkers associated with BMI than their parent oxylipins and that are sensitive to be regulated by dietary antioxidants.

α-synucleinopathy exerts sex-dimorphic effects on the multipurpose DNA repair/redox protein APE1 in mice and humans.

Lewy body disorders are characterized by oxidative damage to DNA and inclusions rich in aggregated forms of α-synuclein. Among other roles, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) repairs oxidative DNA damage, and APE1 polymorphisms have been linked to cases of Lewy body disorders. However, the link between APE1 and α-synuclein is unexplored. We report that knockdown or inhibition of APE1 amplified inclusion formation in primary hippocampal cultures challenged with preformed α-synuclein fibrils. Fibril infusions into the mouse olfactory bulb/anterior olfactory nucleus (OB/AON) elicited a modest decrease in APE1 expression in the brains of male mice but an increase in females. Similarly, men with Lewy body disorders displayed lower APE1 expression in the OB and amygdala compared to women. Preformed fibril infusions of the mouse OB/AON induced more robust base excision repair of DNA lesions in females than males. No fibril-mediated loss of APE1 expression was observed in male mice when the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine was added to their diet. These findings reveal a potential sex-biased link between α-synucleinopathy and APE1 in mice and humans. Further studies are warranted to determine how this multifunctional protein modifies α-synuclein inclusions and, conversely, how α-synucleinopathy and biological sex interact to modify APE1.

Anti-Inflammatory Diet Prevents Subclinical Colonic Inflammation and Alters Metabolomic Profile of Ulcerative Colitis Patients in Clinical Remission.

A relationship between ulcerative colitis (UC) and diet has been shown in epidemiological and experimental studies. In a 6-month, open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, adult UC patients in clinical remission were randomized to either an “Anti-inflammatory Diet (AID)” or “Canada’s Food Guide (CFG)”. Menu plans in the AID were designed to increase the dietary intake of dietary fiber, probiotics, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids and to decrease the intake of red meat, processed meat, and added sugar. Stool was collected for fecal calprotectin (FCP) and microbial analysis. Metabolomic analysis was performed on urine, serum, and stool samples at the baseline and study endpoint. In this study, 53 patients were randomized. Five (19.2%) patients in the AID and 8 (29.6%) patients in the CFG experienced a clinical relapse. The subclinical response to the intervention (defined as FCP < 150 µg/g at the endpoint) was significantly higher in the AID group (69.2 vs. 37.0%, p = 0.02). The patients in the AID group had an increased intake of zinc, phosphorus, selenium, yogurt, and seafood versus the control group. Adherence to the AID was associated with significant changes in the metabolome, with decreased fecal acetone and xanthine levels along with increased fecal taurine and urinary carnosine and p-hydroxybenzoic acid levels. The AID subjects also had increases in fecal Bifidobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. In this study, we found thatdietary modifications involving the increased intake of anti-inflammatory foods combined with a decreased intake of pro-inflammatory foods were associated with metabolic and microbial changes in UC patients in clinical remission and were effective in preventing subclinical inflammation.

Effects of Dietary Antioxidant Intake on Lung Functions in Construction Workers in Surabaya

Oxidative stress is a condition where the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in the body. Vitamins A, C, and E are antioxidants that can inhibit the activity of antioxidant compounds so that these levels become balanced. The research purpose is to know the difference in intake of antioxidants in the diet and the intake effect on lung function in mason who suffer from respiratory and who do not suffer from respiratory. The study design was observational methods Retrospective with purposive and consecutive sampling. Measured variables such as vitamin A, C, and E to Recall 24h and conditions of lung function. Namely % FEV1 and FVC% with a handheld spirometer. The study sample consisted of 79 people who suffer from respiratory and 79 without respiratory distress. The results showed no significant difference between antioxidant intake in the group of interference and without interference (p=0.05). Artifacts relationship between antioxidant intake with lung function (sig.0,05). Intake of vitamin A on lung function has a value of p = 0.05, which means associated with lung function but are very weak correlation (correlation coefficient value -0.036) while vitamin C and E have a value of p=1.000, which means there is a relationship and is a very weak correlation (correlation coefficient value of -0.036). The results showed no significant difference between antioxidant intake in the group of interference and without interference (p = 0.05). Artifacts relationship between antioxidant intake with lung function (sig. 0,05). Intake of vitamin A on lung function has a value of p=0.05, which means associated with lung function but are very weak correlation (correlation coefficient value -0.036) while vitamin C and E have a value of p = 1.00, which means there is a relationship and is a very weak correlation (correlation coefficient value of -0.036). The results showed no significant difference between antioxidant intake in the group of interference and without interference (p=0.05). Artifacts relationship between antioxidant intake with lung function (sig.0,05). Intake of vitamin A on lung function has a value of p=0.05, which means associated with lung function but are very weak correlation (correlation coefficient value -0.036) while vitamin C and E has a value of p=1.00, which means there is a relationship and is a very weak correlation (correlation coefficient value of -0.036).

Oxidative stress, aging, antioxidant supplementation and their impact on human health: An overview

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue and organ function due to genetic and environmental factors, nutrition, and lifestyle. Oxidative stress is one the most important mechanisms of cellular senescence and increased frailty, resulting in several age-linked, noncommunicable diseases. Contributing events include genomic instability, telomere shortening, epigenetic mechanisms, reduced proteome homeostasis, altered stem-cell function, defective intercellular communication, progressive deregulation of nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic unbalance. These complex events and their interplay can be modulated by dietary habits and the ageing process, acting as potential measures of primary and secondary prevention. Promising nutritional approaches include the Mediterranean diet, the intake of dietary antioxidants, and the restriction of caloric intake. A comprehensive understanding of the ageing processes should promote new biomarkers of risk or diagnosis, but also beneficial treatments oriented to increase lifespan.

The effect of synbiotic supplementation on atherogenic indices, hs-CRP, and malondialdehyde, as major CVD-related parameters, in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a secondary data-analysis of a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study

BackgroundWomen with GDM have a higher risk of future cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Meanwhile, synbiotics have been demonstrated to have favorable impacts on atherogenic indices, and inflammatory and oxidative stress indicators, all of which are known to be CVD-predictive factors. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on the atherogenic indices of plasma, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) in women with GDM.MethodsEligible pregnant women with GDM were randomized into two groups to receive a daily synbiotic capsule [500 mg of L.acidophilus(5 × 1010 CFU/g), L.plantarum(1.5 × 1010 CFU/g), L.fermentum(7 × 109 CFU/g), L.Gasseri(2 × 1010 CFU/g) and 38.5 mg of fructo-oligo-saccharides], or placebo, for 6 weeks. The ratios of TC/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C, and logTG/HDL-C were calculated as the atherogenic indices. Serum hs-CRP and MDA concentrations were quantified before and after the intervention. Cohen’s d(d) was used to calculate the magnitude of the effect.ResultsNinety participants completed the study. There was no significant difference in dietary antioxidant and mineral intakes between the two groups. Compared with placebo, synbiotic supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in logTG/HDL-C ratio with a medium–low effect size (mean difference = −0.11; 95% CI −0.21, 0; P values for the placebo and the intervention groups were 0.02, and 0.042, respectively; P between groups = 0.003; d = 0.25). No significant changes were observed in other parameters.ConclusionsOverall, 6 weeks of synbiotic supplementation in women with GDM resulted in a significant improvement in logTG/HDL-C, suggesting that synbiotics may have a beneficial role in reducing the risk of future CVDs associated with GDM. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to confirm the veracity of these results.Trial Registration IRCT201511183140N16 (December 29th, 2015).

The difference in the dietary inflammatory index, functional food, and antioxidants intake between COVID -19 patients and healthy persons

BACKGROUND: The healthy diet is important to maintain immunity against infection. This study aimed to assess and compare the consumption of functional foods, some antioxidants, and dietary inflammatory index between Iranian COVID-19 patients and healthy persons. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted between 1000 (500 cases and 500 controls) adults aged 18–65years in Iran, that were sampling based on the snowball method and their information was collected electronically. The dietary intake was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS: There was a significant difference (p = 0.044) in vitamin D consumption between healthy people and COVID-19 patients. Vitamin E intake in healthy participants was significantly (p = 0.041) more than COVID-19 patients. There was a significant difference in Zinc (p = 0.011), selenium (p = 0.021), and vitamin C (p = 0.023) between healthy persons and COVID-19 patients. Healthy participants’ consumption of onion (56.5±7.82 g/day), garlic (4.32±0.01 g/day) and oat (6.32±0.71 g/day) was significantly (p≤0.05) more than COVID-19 patients. With the increase of each unit in the score of the dietary inflammatory index, the risk of COVID-19 incidence increased 1.63 times (OR = 1.63 95% CI: 1.54–1.72). There was an inverse association between the consumption of antioxidants and functional foods with the risk of COVID-19 incidence in the study population (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: Healthy people consumption of antioxidants and functional foods was more than COVID-19 patients and there was a significant inverse association between the risk of COVID- 19 incidence with the consumption of functional foods and antioxidants. Increasing the dietary inflammatory index score increased the risk of COVID- 19 incidence. There is a need for further clinical trials to confirm the effect of consuming functional foods and antioxidants on the prevention or treatment of COVID-19.

Abstract 3667: Composite dietary antioxidant index and the risk of pancreatic cancer: Findings from a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background. Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) is a summary score derived from statistical modeling that ranks an individual’s dietary intake of antioxidants in relation to the overall mean of the study population. Antioxidants may offer a beneficial effect on reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer. No prospective epidemiological study has investigated the association between food-based CDAI (fCDAI) and pancreatic cancer risk. Methods. The fCDAI score was calculated based on dietary intakes of vitamins A, C, and E, manganese, selenium, and zinc from food but not from dietary supplements, for each participant of the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based prospective epidemiological cohort study consisting of 61,321 Chinese men and women in Singapore aged 45-74 years at baseline enrollment during 1993-1998. Intake of antioxidants was derived from self-reported consumption of food items using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the Singapore Food Composition Table. Incident cases of cancer, including pancreatic cancer, and death were identified through the linkage analysis with the nationwide Singapore Cancer Registry and the Singapore Registry of Birth and Death, respectively. The Cox proportional hazard regression method was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of pancreatic cancer associated with higher quartiles of fCDAI relative to the lowest quartile with adjustment for multiple potential confounders, including age, sex, dialect group, level of education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, a history of diabetes, sleep duration, physical activity, year of enrollment, and total energy intake. Results. Overall, 311 participants who were free of cancer at baseline developed pancreatic cancer during an average of 17.7 years of follow-up after baseline assessment of food consumption. Compared with the lowest quartile, the multivariable-adjusted HR of pancreatic cancer for the highest quartile of fCDAI was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.31-.91, P=0.02). This inverse association between the fCDAI and pancreatic cancer risk was more apparent in overweight/obese subjects (HRQ4vsQ1=0.28, 95% CI: 0.13-0.60, Ptrend=0.02), or those without a history of diabetes (HRQ4vsQ1=0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.88, Ptrend=0.04). No association was observed between CDAI derived from dietary supplements and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Conclusions. The inverse association between fCDAI and pancreatic cancer risk supports the notion that overall dietary antioxidants may provide a beneficial effect against the development of pancreatic cancer, specifically overweight/obese individuals and those free of diabetes who may have a long-term persistent dietary pattern. These results highlight the importance of promoting healthy eating for the primary prevention of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Pedram Paragomi, Renwei Wang, Aizhen Jin, Yi-Chuan Yu, Randall E. Brand, Li-Ting Sheng, An Pan, Woon-Puay Koh, Jian-Min Yuan, Hung Luu. Composite dietary antioxidant index and the risk of pancreatic cancer: Findings from a prospective cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3667.

The relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity, clinical parameters, and oxidative stress in fibromyalgia syndrome: A novel point of view.

Objectives This study aims to reveal the relationship between serum total antioxidant status (TAS), clinical parameters, and nutrition (dietary total antioxidant capacity [TAC]) in patients with fibromyalgia. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 60 female participants (mean age: 44.7±9.7 years; range, 18 to 50 years) at Gaziler Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital between July 2020 and February 2021. Thirty female patients with fibromyalgia were compared with 30 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy individuals. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were used. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured. Dietary TAC was calculated using the ferric reducing ability of plasma according to a food frequency questionnaire. Results Total antioxidant status showed no significant difference between groups (p=0.080). Total oxidant status and OSI were significantly higher in the patient group (p<0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). The mean dietary TAC was 16.5±6.5 in the patient group and 17.2±6.2 in the control group, and it was similar between groups (p=0.492). Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index global score was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p<0.001). Dietary TAC showed a moderate positive correlation with serum TAS in both groups (r=0.373, p=0.042 for the patient group, and r=0.380, p=0.038 for the control group). In the patient group, TOS and OSI showed a moderate positive correlation with FIQ total scores (r=0.420, p=0.021 and r=0.450, p=0.013, respectively). The mean polyunsaturated fatty acid and omega-6 intake of the patient group was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.025 for both). Dietary antioxidant intake from vegetables (p=0.025), legumes/nuts (p=0.049), and meat (p<0.001) was significantly lower, whereas dietary antioxidant intake from cereal and potatoes was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p=0.028). Conclusion The results indicate that oxidative stress can be reduced by increasing dietary antioxidant intake in fibromyalgia.

A Population-Based Case-Control Study on Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity in Relation to Breast Cancer in a Middle-Eastern Country

ObjectivesData on the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and odds of breast cancer are scare. This is particularly relevant to developing countries where dietary intakes of antioxidants seem insufficient. This population-based case-control study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary TAC intake and odds of breast cancer among Iranian women. MethodsIn this population-based case-control study, 350 newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer were recruited and 700 age-matched control subjects were enrolled. Dietary intakes were examined by the use of a 106-item dish-based validated FFQ. Dietary total antioxidant capacity of each participant was computed by summing up dTAC from all foods and dishes using ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) method. The quintile cut-off point of energy-adjusted dTAC was obtained in the control group. These cut-off points were used to classify all study participants into quintiles in terms of dTAC intake. ResultsAfter controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the highest category of dietary TAC were 22% less likely to have breast cancer compared to those in the bottom category (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.30); however, this finding was not statistically significant. Participants in the third quintile had significantly lower odds for breast cancer compared with those in the first quintile (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.34–0.93). Stratified-analysis by menopausal status revealed significant association between dietary total anti-oxidant capacity and odds of breast cancer in pre-menopause women, even after adjustment for BMI (OR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.22). Such a significant inverse association was seen in postmenopausal women for those in the third quintile of dietary TAC compared with those in the first quintile (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26–0.78). ConclusionsIt seems that dietary total antioxidant capacity might be inversely associated with odds of breast cancer, particularly in premenopausal. Further prospective investigations are needed to confirm these findings. Funding SourcesNo funding sources.

Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

There is a marked increase in oxidative stress in the lungs of patients with COPD, as measured by increased exhaled 8-isoprostane, ethane, and hydrogen peroxide in the breath. The lung may be exposed to exogenous oxidative stress from cigarette smoking and indoor or outdoor air pollution and to endogenous oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species released from activated inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, in the lungs. Oxidative stress in COPD may be amplified by a reduction in endogenous antioxidants and poor intake of dietary antioxidants. Oxidative stress is a major driving mechanism of COPD through the induction of chronic inflammation, induction of cellular senescence and impaired autophagy, reduced DNA repair, increased autoimmunity, increased mucus secretion, and impaired anti-inflammatory response to corticosteroids. Oxidative stress, therefore, drives the pathology of COPD and may increase disease progression, amplify exacerbations, and increase comorbidities through systemic oxidative stress. This suggests that antioxidants may be effective as disease-modifying treatments. Unfortunately, thiol-based antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine, have been poorly effective, as they are inactivated by oxidative stress in the lungs, so there is a search for more effective and safer antioxidants. New antioxidants in development include mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, NOX inhibitors, and activators of the transcription factor Nrf2, which regulates several antioxidant genes.

Dietary total antioxidant capacity is associated in Polish men and women with the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality in the Polish population. Improper diet and lifestyle are among the risk factors for CVD. Previous studies have suggested that dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) is a measure of diet quality. Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between diet quality measured by DTAC and the prevalence of CVD and CVD risk factors in the representative sample of men and women in Poland. Methods The study evaluated participants (2594 men, 3136 women) of the population-based cross-sectional Polish National Multicenter Health Examination Survey (WOBASZ II), which was conducted in 2013-2014. Dietary data were collected using a single 24-hour dietary recall method. The database on dietary antioxidants was compiled from published and own experimental data. DTAC was calculated taking into account the antioxidant capacity of individual foods and the amount of food intake. Men and women were divided into quartiles of CVD prevalence and its risk factors (diabetes; hypertension; BMI≥25; central obesity, CO; low level of leisure-time physical activity, LTPA) according to DTAC. Statistical calculations were performed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS), version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results DTAC in men ranged from 0.47 to 95.69 mmol/day, while in women it was 0.32-191.82 mmol/day. In men, the prevalence of CVD was 23.7% in the lowest DTAC quartile (Q1) versus 14.9% in the highest quartile (Q4) (p&amp;lt;0.0001), while in women it was 23.4% (Q1) and 17.4% (Q4), respectively (p&amp;lt;0.0002). In women, but not in men, DTAC was inversely associated with diabetes (p&amp;lt;0.0002), hypertension (p&amp;lt;0.0001), CO (p&amp;lt;0.02) and low LTPA (p&amp;lt;0.0006). Conclusions DTAC is inversely related to the prevalence of CVD in both genders. In women, but not in men, there is a significant inverse association of DTAC with CVD risk factors such as metabolic diseases, central obesity and lower physical activity. In order to reduce the risk of CVD, Polish men and women should be advised to improve the quality of their diet by increasing the dietary intake of antioxidants.

Dietary Antioxidant Indices in Relation to All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Adults With Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.

BackgroundThe potential beneficial effect of individual antioxidants on mortality has been reported. However, the association of overall intakes of dietary antioxidants with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults with diabetes remained unclear.MethodsA total of 4,699 US adults with diabetes were enrolled in 2003–2014 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and followed for mortality until 31 December 2015. The Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score (DAQS) and the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI), which indicate the total antioxidant properties, were calculated based on the intakes of vitamins A, C, E, zinc, selenium, and magnesium. The Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the associations of the DAQS or the DAI with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.ResultsA total of 913 deaths occurred during 27,735 person-years of follow-up, including 215 deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 173 deaths due to cancer. The higher intakes of antioxidant vitamins A, E, magnesium, and selenium were associated with lower all-cause mortality. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) comparing the highest DAQS (5–6) to the lowest DAQS (0–2) were 0.70 (0.53–0.92) for all-cause mortality, 0.56 (0.35–0.90) for CVD mortality, and 0.59 (0.33–1.04) for cancer mortality. Consistent inverse associations were found between the DAI and mortality.ConclusionHigher intake of overall dietary antioxidants was associated with lower risk of death from all-cause and CVD in adults with diabetes. Future dietary intervention studies are needed to determine whether increasing overall antioxidant micronutrients intake could prevent premature death among adults with diabetes.