Dietary Intake In Adults Research Articles

The presence of children in households was associated with dietary intake among Japanese married women: the POTATO study.

A growing body of evidence from Western countries shows that the presence of children in households is associated with the dietary intake of adults, but little is known about this relationship in non-Western countries with different food cultures. Our aim was to examine whether dietary intake was different with respect to the presence of young children in the home among Japanese married women. Subjects were Japanese married women (aged 23-44 years) living with children aged less than 5 years (n 73) and married women who did not have children (n 85). Data regarding habitual dietary intake were obtained using a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire. A cross-sectional comparison between women with young children and women without children was conducted using ANCOVA adjusted for potential confounding factors. Women with young children had a significantly greater intake of protein, carbohydrates, Na, Zn and Cu than did women without children. Intake of cereals, pulses and sugar was significantly higher among mothers than among non-mothers. Intake of both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages was significantly higher among non-mothers than among mothers. Thus, the presence of young children at home might influence women's intake of macronutrients and some minerals, especially Na, and beverages among Japanese married women. Our findings suggest that effective dietary interventions among Japanese mothers with young children may differ from those of married women without children.

Nutrition Recommendations from the US Dietary Guidelines Critical to Teach Low-Income Adults: Expert Panel Opinion

Continuing Professional Education (CPE) Information The Continuing Professional Education (CPE) quiz for this article is available for free to Academy members through the MyCDRGo app (available for iOS and Android devices) and through www.jandonline.org (click on “CPE” in the menu and then “Academy Journal CPE Articles”). Log in with your Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics or Commission on Dietetic Registration username and password, click “Journal Article Quiz” on the next page, then click the “Additional Journal CPE quizzes” button to view a list of available quizzes. Non-members may take CPE quizzes by sending a request to [email protected] There is a fee of $45 per quiz (includes quiz and copy of article) for non-member Journal CPE. CPE quizzes are valid for 1 year after the issue date in which the articles are published. Nutrition education is critical for low-income adults as a means to address the poor diet quality and nutritional status of this population. 1 Leung C.W. Ding E.L. Catalano P.J. Villamor E. Rimm E.B. Willett W. Dietary intake and dietary quality of low-income adults in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012; 96: 977-988 Crossref PubMed Scopus (166) Google Scholar , 2 Ben-Shalom Y. Fox M.K. Newby P.K. Characteristics and Dietary Patterns of Healthy and Less-Healthy Eaters in the Low-Income Population. Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA2012 Google Scholar Diet quality is inversely associated with development and progression of chronic diseases 3 Rathod A.D. Bharadwaj A.S. Badheka A.O. Kizilbash M. Afonso L. Healthy Eating Index and mortality in a nationally representative elderly cohort. Arch Intern Med. 2012; 172: 275-277 Crossref PubMed Scopus (27) Google Scholar , 4 Belin R.J. Greenland P. Allison M. et al. Diet quality and the risk of cardiovascular disease: The Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 94: 49-57 Crossref Scopus (101) Google Scholar , 5 Tandle D.L. Magel R. Strand B.N. Healthy Eating Index and abdominal obesity. Public Health Nutr. 2010; 13: 208-214 Crossref PubMed Scopus (71) Google Scholar and excess adiposity. 6 Bailey B.W. Perkins A. Tucker L.A. LeCheminant J.D. Tucker J.M. Moncur B. Adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the relationship to adiposity in young women. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2015; 47: 86-93 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (10) Google Scholar Low-income adults have elevated rates of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity, and shorter life expectancies compared with higher-income adults. 7 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus15_inbrief.pdf Accessed June 13, 2016. Google Scholar Low-income adults experience lower intakes of key foods and nutrients that contribute to health, such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy. 8 Andreyeva T. Tripp A.S. Schwartz M.B. Dietary quality of Americans by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation status: A systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2015; 49: 594-604 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (160) Google Scholar Many low-income families also exceed recommended intakes of sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, snack foods, and processed meats. 1 Leung C.W. Ding E.L. Catalano P.J. Villamor E. Rimm E.B. Willett W. Dietary intake and dietary quality of low-income adults in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012; 96: 977-988 Crossref PubMed Scopus (166) Google Scholar The Continuing Professional Education (CPE) quiz for this article is available for free to Academy members through the MyCDRGo app (available for iOS and Android devices) and through www.jandonline.org (click on “CPE” in the menu and then “Academy Journal CPE Articles”). Log in with your Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics or Commission on Dietetic Registration username and password, click “Journal Article Quiz” on the next page, then click the “Additional Journal CPE quizzes” button to view a list of available quizzes. Non-members may take CPE quizzes by sending a request to [email protected] There is a fee of $45 per quiz (includes quiz and copy of article) for non-member Journal CPE. CPE quizzes are valid for 1 year after the issue date in which the articles are published.

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM QUESTIONÁRIO DE FREQUÊNCIA ALIMENTAR PARA POPULAÇÕES QUILOMBOLAS DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL

AIM : To develop a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to investigate dietary intake of adults in the maroon communities in Rio Grande do Sul. Methods : The FFQ was based on prior administration of 24-hour recalls (24hRs) used in a cross-sectional study conducted in 2011 with a representative sample of maroon communities in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). 589 dietary recalls were collected, generating a list of 163 food items. To construct the food list of the FFQ, we selected the items that had a frequency of occurrence of at least 5%.and those that showed a percentage contribution to the intake of energy and nutrients of interest in the study. Results : The most frequently consumed foods by the quilombola population were rice, soybean oil, coffee, beans, breads, sugar and red meat. The food with the highest contribution to calorie intake was homemade bread, as well as carbohydrates and sodium. The item that contributed most to the intake of protein was red meat. For lipids, the major contributor was soybean oil. For fibers, the largest contributor was beans, as well as potassium. The orange was the food that contributed most to the intake of vitamin C. The final list of the food frequency questionnaire consists of 65 food items. Conclusion : This study is an important contribution to the identification ofeating habits of the maroon communities in Rio Grande do Sul, due to the paucity of data on the subject. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2016.23266

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Reform:: Retail Requirements, Eligible Foods.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) supports 45 million people, mostly children, elderly, and disabled individuals, at risk for food insecurity. Congress’s Declaration of SNAP Policy states that the program’s goal is to alleviate hunger and malnutrition by raising the levels of nutrition among low-income households. 1 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, 7 USC § 2011 et seq. SNAP has been found to successfully reduce food insecurity 2 Mabli J, Ohls J, Dragoset L, Castner L, Santos B. Measuring the Effect of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participation on Food Security. Prepared by Mathematica Policy Research for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service. http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/Measuring2013.pdf. Accessed Published August 2013. September 1, 2016 Google Scholar ; however, the program does not seem to be meeting its nutrition-related goals. SNAP participants consume more foods associated with chronic disease, such as sugary beverages, and less foods considered healthful than income-eligible nonparticipants. 3 Leung C.W. Blumenthal S.J. Hoffnagle E.E. et al. Associations of food stamp participation with dietary quality and obesity in children. Pediatrics. 2013; 131: 463-472https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0889 Crossref PubMed Scopus (79) Google Scholar , 4 Leung C.W. Ding E.L. Catalano P.J. Villamor E. Rimm E.B. Willett W.C. Dietary intake and dietary quality of low-income adults in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012; 96: 977-988https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.040014 Crossref PubMed Scopus (166) Google Scholar As a result, SNAP participants’ Healthy Eating Index scores have been assessed to be 10% lower than low-income nonparticipants due to lower scores for fruits, vegetables, whole grains, solid fats, added sugar, and alcohol. 5 Gregory C. Ver Ploeg M. Andrews M. Coleman-Jensen A. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participation Leads to Modest Changes in Diet Quality. US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, DCApril 2013 Google Scholar Moreover, adult SNAP participants are significantly more likely to be obese than income-eligible nonparticipants. 6 Condon E. Drilea S. Jowers K. et al. Diet Quality of Americans by SNAP Participation Status: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007−2010. Prepared by Walter R. McDonald & Associates, Inc. and Mathematica Policy Research for the Food and Nutrition Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Alexandria, VA2015 Google Scholar Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, 7 USC § 2011 et seq. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, 7 USC § 2011 et seq. U.S. Public Law 93-86 (August 10, 1973).

Assessing the relative validity of the Scottish Collaborative Group FFQ for measuring dietary intake in adults.

To assess the relative validity of the latest version of the Scottish Collaborative Group (SCG) FFQ (version 6.6) in adults living in Scotland. A cross-sectional validation study. Participants completed the self-administered, 169-item SCG FFQ followed by a 7 d, non-weighed food diary. Energy and energy-adjusted macronutrients and micronutrients were examined for relative validity through Spearman's correlation, the percentage of classification into thirds of intake, Cohen's weighted kappa (κ w) and Bland-Altman analysis. General population living in Scotland. Ninety-six adults aged 18-65 years. Spearman's correlation coefficients ranged from 0·21 (retinol) to 0·71 (Mg). A median of 52 % of adults were correctly classified into thirds of intake (range: 42 % (PUFA, MUFA and Fe) to 64 % (percentage energy from carbohydrates)) and 8 % were grossly misclassified into opposite thirds of intake (range: 3 % (carbohydrates, percentage energy from carbohydrates) to 19 % (thiamin)). Values of κ w ranged between 0·20 (PUFA, β-carotene) to 0·55 (percentage energy from carbohydrates). In the Bland-Altman analysis, the smallest limits of agreement, when expressed as a percentage of the mean intake from the FFQ and food diary, were seen for the main macronutrients carbohydrates, fat and protein. As in the previous validation study more than 10 years ago, the FFQ gave higher estimates of energy and most nutrients than the food diary, but after adjustment for energy intake the FFQ could be used in place of non-weighed food diaries for most macronutrients and many micronutrients in large-scale epidemiological studies.

Heritability of Children's Dietary Intakes: A Population-Based Twin Study in China

Despite evidence for some genetic control of dietary intake in adults, there is little evidence of how genetic factors influence children's dietary patterns. To estimate heritability of dietary intake in twin children from China and test if genetic effects on dietary intakes vary by the children's socio-economic status (SES). A sample of 622 twins (162 monozygotic and 149 dizygotic pairs; 298 boys and 324 girls aged 7-15 years) was recruited in South China. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 145-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Pooled and sex-specific dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Heritability was estimated using structural equation models. Heritable components differed by gender and for nutrients and food groups; and estimated heritability of dietary patterns was generally greater in girls than boys. In boys, estimated heritabilities ranged from 18.8% (zinc) to 58.4% (fat) for nutrients; and for food group, 1.1% (Western fast foods) to 65.8% (soft drinks). In girls, these estimates ranged from 5.1% (total energy) to 38.7% (percentage of energy from fat) for nutrients, and 12.6% (eggs) to 94.6% (Western fast foods) for food groups. Factor analysis identified five food patterns: vegetables and fruits, fried and fast foods, beverages, snacks and meats. Maternal education and family income were positively associated with higher heritabilities for intake of meat, fried, and fast food. Genetic influence on dietary intakes differed by gender, nutrients, food groups, and dietary patterns among Chinese twins. Parental SES characteristics modified the estimated genetic influence.

The Association between Sweet Taste Function, Anthropometry, and Dietary Intake in Adults.

Variation in ability to detect, recognize, and perceive sweetness may influence food consumption, and eventually chronic nutrition-related conditions such as overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between sweet taste function, anthropometry, and dietary intake in adults. Participants’ (n = 60; mean age in years = 26, SD = ±7.8) sweet taste function for a range of sweeteners (glucose, fructose, sucrose, sucralose, erythritol, and Rebaudioside A) was assessed by measuring detection and recognition thresholds and sweetness intensity. Height, weight, and waist circumference were also measured, and participants also completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire. There was large inter-individual variation in detection, recognition and sweetness intensity measures. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed no robust correlations between measures of sweet taste function, anthropometry, and dietary intake, with the exception of suprathreshold intensity, which was moderately correlated with total energy intake (r = 0.23–0.40). One-way analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between the most and least sensitive participants in terms of BMI, waist circumference, and dietary intake for all measures of sweet taste function and sweeteners (all p > 0.01). When stratified into BMI categories, there were no significant differences in any measure of sweet taste function between the normal weight and overweight/obese participants (all p > 0.01). Results show that that sweet taste function is not associated with anthropometry and sweetness intensity measures are the most appropriate measure when assessing links between sweet taste and food consumption.

Quantitative assessment of dietary intake in adults with Type 1 diabetes following flexible insulin therapy education with an active promotion of dietary freedom

Clinical practice guidelines for diabetes include dietary guidelines to address the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. AimsTo identify impact of flexible insulin education with an active promotion of dietary freedom on energy and macronutrient intake and achievement of nutrient recommendations in adults with Type 1 diabetes. MethodsDietary assessment was performed prior to and 12months following flexible insulin education. Nutrient intake and the proportion achieving the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) nutrient guidelines were compared at baseline and post course. ResultsDietary data were available for 46 participants. Post course reductions were seen in median [IQR] energy kcal/d (1799 [1521–1931] to 1592 [1378–1940], p=0.002), fibre g/1000kcal (14 [12–16] to 13 [11–15], p=0.047), protein g/day (89 ([78–108] to 82 [74–93], p=0.001) and carbohydrate g/day (198 [172–330] to 162 [143–204], p=<0.001). The proportion experiencing at least 1 severe hypoglycaemia event over 12months was significantly reduced (χ2=7.7, p=0.006) from baseline (n=13, 26%) to post course (n=3, 6%). Achievement of EASD guidelines was poor and did not change post course. ConclusionsFlexible insulin education with an active promotion of dietary freedom does not appear to ‘worsen’ the achievement of EASD nutrition guidelines in adults with Type 1 diabetes. On the contrary, the dietary changes observed were reductions in energy, carbohydrate and protein intake. Flexible insulin education may offer benefits in enabling reduced energy intake without increasing hypoglycaemia.

Factors that influence dietary intake in adults with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AbstractAimMalnutrition is common amongst people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and nutrition status is an important determinant of symptoms, morbidity and prognosis. Inadequate diet is recognised as a contributor to malnutrition in this population; however, there are limited studies exploring individual perspectives on nutrition amongst people with COPD. The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence dietary intake patterns in a metropolitan, stable COPD population.MethodsThis qualitative study investigated participants with stable COPD who attend pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Thirty participants underwent body composition measurements, completed a validated food frequency questionnaire and participated in a semi‐structured interview to explore influences on food choices. Qualitative responses were examined using thematic analysis to identify major barriers and enablers shaping nutrition‐related behaviours.ResultsMean (±SD) body mass index was 26.6 ± 7.6 kg/m2. Analysis of food intake showed inadequate servings per day of dairy, fruit and vegetables. Common themes influencing food choices included: breathlessness and fatigue affecting appetite, swallowing problems, limited social and financial supports, reduced motivation and limited knowledge about the impact of nutrition on COPD.ConclusionsNutrition assessment of patients with COPD should encompass physical and social circumstances influencing dietary intake and support networks that promote healthy eating behaviours. Nutrition intervention should be tailored to individual circumstances, with ongoing follow‐up to maintain motivation and adapt to changing clinical status.

Short sleep duration and dietary intake: epidemiologic evidence, mechanisms, and health implications.

Links between short sleep duration and obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease may be mediated through changes in dietary intake. This review provides an overview of recent epidemiologic studies on the relations between habitual short sleep duration and dietary intake in adults from 16 cross-sectional studies. The studies have observed consistent associations between short sleep duration and higher total energy intake and higher total fat intake, and limited evidence for lower fruit intake, and lower quality diets. Evidence also suggests that short sleepers may have irregular eating behavior deviating from the traditional 3 meals/d to fewer main meals and more frequent, smaller, energy-dense, and highly palatable snacks at night. Although the impact of short sleep duration on dietary intake tends to be small, if chronic, it may contribute to an increased risk of obesity and related chronic disease. Mechanisms mediating the associations between sleep duration and dietary intake are likely to be multifactorial and include differences in the appetite-related hormones leptin and ghrelin, hedonic pathways, extended hours for intake, and altered time of intake. Taking into account these epidemiologic relations and the evidence for causal relations between sleep loss and metabolism and cardiovascular function, health promotion strategies should emphasize improved sleep as an additional factor in health and weight management. Moreover, future sleep interventions in controlled studies and sleep extension trials in chronic short sleepers are imperative for establishing whether there is a causal relation between short sleep duration and changes in dietary intake.

The development, application, and validation of a Healthy eating index for Australian Adults (HEIFA—2013)

ObjectiveDiet quality indices are used to assess dietary behavior and adherence to dietary guideline recommendations. The aim of this study was to develop, apply, and validate a Healthy Eating Index for Australian Adults (HEIFA—2013) based on the updated Dietary Guidelines for Australians 2013. MethodsThe HEIFA—2013 used an 11-component system of 5 food groups, 4 nutrients, water intake, and a measure of dietary variety. The total possible index score was 100. The HEIFA—2013 was applied to weighed food record (WFR) and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data of a sample (n = 100) of young adults. The HEIFA—2013 was assessed using principal components analysis (PCA), Cronbach's coefficient, and correlation coefficient with nutrient intakes. Scores for HEIFA—2013 components were compared between methods using means, frequencies, 95% limits of agreement, Bland and Altman methods, and weighted kappa. ResultsPCA indicated that multiple underlying dimensions compose the index, and Cronbach's coefficient α was 0.41. A higher HEIFA—2013 was associated with higher dietary quality, including a low intake of saturated fat and sodium and a high intake of selected vitamins and minerals. Low correlations with energy were observed. The mean HEIFA—2013 score ± standard error (SE) for the WFR was 53.84 ± 1 and for the FFQ was 54.82 ± 0.9. The total mean scores were 54.33 ± 0.1. Young adults had the lowest mean scores for sodium (2.9 ± 0.2), fat (3.0 ± 0.0), vegetables (4.7 ± 0.1), and grains (5.1 ± 0.1). The WFR and FFQ scored individual components differently, but at the group level the differences were not significant. ConclusionsThe HEIFA—2013 will need to be catered for different diet collection methods. It is a useful index of overall diet quality and can be used to monitor changes in dietary intake of adults over time. The findings infer that even a highly educated affluent group of young adults fails to meet recommended dietary guidelines.

Dietary intake in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: validation of the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies version 2 FFQ against a 3-d weighed food record and 24-h urinalysis.

The Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies version 2 (DQES v2) FFQ has not been validated in adults with diabetes. The aim was to determine the agreement between the DQES v2 FFQ and a 3-d weighed food record (WFR) and 24-h urinalysis in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The DQES v2 FFQ and a 3-d WFR were completed on one occasion for measurement of food and nutrient intake. A 24-h urine sample was provided for measurement of Na and K excretion. Participants were sixty-seven adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes recruited from the community. Nutrient intake reported in the FFQ was within 20 % of the corresponding intake level reported in the WFR for the majority of nutrients. However, the 95 % limits of agreement showed large variation at an individual level between the two methods. There was a weak to moderate correlation between nutrient intake measured using the two methods and a moderate to high correlation for food intake. Quintile analysis showed that for the majority of foods and nutrients >60 % of participants were ranked within 1 quintile of the WFR ranking. The weighted κ values showed slight to moderate agreement between the two methods. Na intake was under-estimated in the FFQ by 25 % and K intake was over-estimated by 5 % compared with the 24-h urinalysis. In adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, it is appropriate to use the DQES v2 FFQ to measure food and nutrient intake at a group level.

Dysphagia and Dietary Intake of Japanese Adults: the Shizuoka Area in a Japanese Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study.

Dysphagia and Dietary Intake of Japanese Adults: the Shizuoka Area in a Japanese Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study.

Individual, Social, and Environmental Correlates of Healthy and Unhealthy Eating

Few studies use comprehensive ecological approaches considering multilevel factors to understand correlates of healthy (and unhealthy) dietary intake. The aim of this study was to examine the association between individual, social, and environmental factors on composite measures of healthy and unhealthy dietary intake in adults. Participants (n = 565) of the Australian RESIDential Environments (RESIDE) project self-reported dietary intake, home food availability, and behavioral and perceived social and physical environmental influences on food choices. A geographic information system measured proximity of supermarkets from each participant's home. "Healthy" and "unhealthy" eating scores were computed based on adherence to dietary guidelines. Univariate and multivariate models were constructed using linear regression. After full adjustment, "healthy" eating (mean = 6.25, standard deviation [SD] = 1.95) was significantly associated with having confidence to prepare healthy meals (β = 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.13, 0.55]); having more healthy (β = 0.13; 95% CI = [0.09-0.16]) and fewer unhealthy (β = -0.04; 95% CI = [-0.06, -0.02]) foods available at home; and having a supermarket within 800 meters of home (β = 1.39; 95% CI = [0.37, 2.404]). "Unhealthy" eating (mean = 3.53, SD = 2.06) was associated with being male (β = 0.39; 95% CI = [0.02, 0.75]), frequently eating takeaway (β = 0.33; 95% CI = [0.21, 0.46]) and cafe or restaurant meals (β = 0.20; 95% CI = [0.06, 0.33]) and having fewer healthy (β = -0.07; 95% CI = [-0.10, -0.03]) and more unhealthy (β = 0.09; 95% CI = [0.07, 0.10]) foods available within the home. Initiatives to improve adherence to dietary guidelines and reduce the consumption of unhealthy foods needs to be multifaceted; addressing individual factors and access to healthy food choices in both the home and neighborhood food environment. Ensuring proximity to local supermarkets, particularly in new suburban developments, appears to be an important strategy for facilitating healthy eating.

Validation and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative FFQ as a measure of dietary intake in adults from Puerto Rico

We aimed to assess the relative validity and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative FFQ in Puerto Rican adults. Participants completed an FFQ, followed by a 6 d food record and a second administration of the FFQ, 30 d later. All nutrients were log transformed and adjusted for energy intake. Statistical analyses included correlations, paired t tests, cross-classification and Bland-Altman plots. Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico. Convenience sample of students, employees and faculty members (n 100, ≥21 years). Data were collected in 2010. A total of ninety-two participants completed the study. Most were young overweight females. All nutrients were significantly correlated between the two FFQ, with an average correlation of 0·61 (range 0·43-0·73) and an average difference of 4·8 % between them. Most energy-adjusted nutrients showed significant correlations between the FFQ and food record, which improved with de-attenuation and averaged 0·38 (range 0·11-0·63). The lowest non-significant correlations (≤0·20) were for trans-fat, n 3 fatty acids, thiamin and vitamin E. Intakes assessed by the FFQ were higher than those from the food record by a mean of 19 % (range 4-44 %). Bland-Altman plots showed that there was a systematic trend towards higher estimates with the FFQ, particularly for energy, carbohydrate and Ca. Most participants were correctly classified into the same or adjacent quintile (average 66 %) by both methods with only 3 % gross misclassification. This semi-quantitative FFQ is a tool that offers relatively valid and reproducible estimates of energy and certain nutrients in this group of mostly female Puerto Ricans.

Lessons learnt from a feasibility study on price incentivised healthy eating promotions in workplace catering establishments.

It is recognised that the worksite catering sector is likely to play a pivotal role in influencing dietary intake in adults of working age. The present study aimed to assess the feasibility of engaging worksites in a healthy eating intervention, implementing a price incentivised main meal intervention and measuring indicative intervention responses to inform the design of a future trial. Workplaces registered with the Scottish Healthy Living Award were invited to participate. The EatSMART intervention (a reduced price, healthy meal combination plus promotions) was implemented over 10weeks in two worksites. Implementation was assessed by observational and sales data. Indicative effects on food habits were measured using online pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Focus group discussions and interviews were used to determine catering staff and consumer acceptability. Thirty-seven worksites were invited to participate and four worksites responded positively. Two sites (with 1600 and 500 employees, respectively) participated. Both required significant implementation support. Estimated sales data indicated that the uptake of promoted items varied by week (range 60-187 items) and by site. A poor response rate from questionnaires limited the evaluation of intervention impact. Consumers reported improved value for money and quality. Both sites reported an intention to continue the intervention delivery. Significant efforts are required to engage worksite catering teams and implement healthy eating interventions. Evaluation methods require further development to improve data collection. Responses from consumers and catering staff suggest that further work in this area would be welcomed.

Change in dietary intake of adults with intermittent claudication undergoing a supervised exercise program and compared to matched controls.

BackgroundPresence of numerous diet responsive comorbidities and high atherosclerotic burden among adults with intermittent claudication demands attention is given to diet in an effort to delay progression of peripheral artery disease. The aim of this study was to compare diet of adults with intermittent claudication: (a) against dietary recommendations; (b) following 12 weeks of supervised exercise training; and (c) against non-peripheral artery disease controls.MethodsDiet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire pre and post supervised exercise training. Pre-exercise diet was compared against Suggested Dietary Targets and against non-peripheral artery disease controls matched for gender, age and body weight. Pre-exercise diet was also compared against post-exercise diet.ResultsPre-exercise 25/31 participants, 5/31 participants, 16/31 participants and 4/31 participants achieved recommendations for protein, carbohydrate, total fat and saturated fat respectively. Few achieved recommended intakes for fibre (3/31 participants), cholesterol (8/31 participants), folate (11/31 participants), potassium (1/31 participants), sodium (4/31 participants), retinol equivalents (1/31 participants) and vitamin C (3/31 participants). There were no differences observed between participants compared to controls in achievement of recommendations. Post-exercise, marginally more participants were able to achieve targets for cholesterol, sodium and vitamin C but not for any other nutrients.ConclusionsDespite evidence to support benefits of dietary modification in risk reduction of peripheral artery disease, adults with intermittent claudication continue to consume poor diets. Research is required to determine whether dietary changes can be achieved with greater attention to nutrition counselling and the impact assessed in terms of delayed disease progression and long term health outcomes.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01871779.

Anthropometric Measureme nts, Dietary Intake and Lipid Profile of Hypertensive Young Adults (25-35 years): A Comparison Between Vegetarians and Non Vegetarians

Increasing prevalence of hypertension is a major health concern.Dietary habits and food choices play an important role in maintaining lipid levels.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary habits on lipid profile of young adult hypertensive males. Two hundred vegetarians (V) and two hundred non vegetarians (NV) stage I hypertensive young adult men from age group 25-35 yrs. Anthropometric indices like weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were computed using standard equations. 24 hour’s food intake data for each subject was collected for consecutive 3 days and energy and energy yielding nutrients were computed. Total cholesterol (T-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were estimated. Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) was computed using standard equation.Insignificant difference was noticed between V and NV for BMI, WC and HC. In contrast, MUAC of NV was found to be significantly higher than V. NV had higher mean daily intake of energy, protein and fat but low mean daily consumption of carbohydrate as compared to V.NV had higher mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p&gt;0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (0.01&lt;p&lt;0.05) than V. 30% NV were obese grade II. TC and LDL-C of NV were greater than V but HDL-C and TG of V were greater than NV (p&gt;0.05). TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C among NV correlated positively (p&lt;0.01) with body weight (r 0.5340, 0.4841 and 0.5921, respectively). Stronger relationships existed between HDL-C and body weight among both groups. BP, BMI and MUAC were more among NV than V. V showed better lipid profile than NV. This could be attributed to higher intake of energy and fat among NV.

210 Changes in the nutritional status and dietary intake of adults with cystic fibrosis since 1997

210 Changes in the nutritional status and dietary intake of adults with cystic fibrosis since 1997

Relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake

The present systematic review examined the relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake in adults (mean age ≥ 18 years). Relevant databases were searched from the earliest record until November 2012. Search terms included: nutrition; diet or food knowledge and energy intake; feeding behaviour; diet; eating; nutrient or food intake or consumption. Included studies were original research articles that used instruments providing quantitative assessment of both nutrition knowledge and dietary intake and their statistical association. The initial search netted 1,193,393 potentially relevant articles, of which twenty-nine were eligible for inclusion. Most of them were conducted in community populations (n 22) with fewer (n 7) in athletic populations. Due to the heterogeneity of methods used to assess nutrition knowledge and dietary intake, a meta-analysis was not possible. The majority of the studies (65·5%: community 63·6%; athletic 71·4%) reported significant, positive, but weak (r< 0·5) associations between higher nutrition knowledge and dietary intake, most often a higher intake of fruit and vegetables. However, study quality ranged widely and participant representation from lower socio-economic status was limited, with most participants being tertiary educated and female. Well-designed studies using validated methodologies are needed to clarify the relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake. Diet quality scores or indices that aim to evaluate compliance to dietary guidelines may be particularly valuable for assessing the relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake. Nutrition knowledge is an integral component of health literacy and as low health literacy is associated with poor health outcomes, contemporary, high-quality research is needed to inform community nutrition education and public health policy.