Dietary Intake In Adolescents Research Articles

Dietary Intake of Adolescents and Alignment with Recommendations for Healthy and Sustainable Diets: Results of the SI.Menu Study.

The SI.Menu study offers the latest data on the dietary intake of Slovenian adolescents aged 10 to 17. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively assess their dietary intake (energy and nutrients) and compare their food intakes with dietary recommendations for healthy and sustainable diets. The cross-sectional epidemiological dietary study SI.Menu (March 2017-April 2018) was conducted on a representative sample of Slovenian adolescents aged 10 to 17 years (n = 468) (230 males and 238 females). Data on dietary intake were gathered through two non-consecutive 24 h recalls, in line with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) EU Menu methodology. The repeated 24 h Dietary Recall (HDR) and Food Propensity Questionnaire (FPQ) data were combined to determine the usual intakes of nutrients and food groups, using the Multiple Source Method (MSM) program. Adolescents' diets significantly deviate from dietary recommendations, lacking vegetables, milk and dairy products, nuts and seeds, legumes, and water, while containing excessive meat (especially red meat) and high-sugar foods. This results in insufficient intake of dietary fibre, and nutrients such as vitamin D, folate, and calcium. The dietary intake of Slovenian adolescents does not meet healthy and sustainable diet recommendations. This study provides an important insight into the dietary habits of Slovenian adolescents that could be useful for future public health strategies.

Place of Residence Is Associated with Dietary Intake and BMI-SDS in Children and Adolescents: Findings from the DONALD Cohort Study.

We aimed to determine whether place of residence in the German urban food environment is associated with habitual dietary intake (energy, macronutrients, and food groups) and body mass index (standard deviation score of BMI and BMI-SDS). Our hypothesis was that place of residence may explain some variation in dietary intake and nutritional outcomes. For the cross-sectional analyses of DONALD study data, we grouped participants according to their geocoded residence in the north or south of Dortmund. We applied robust multi-level mixed effects regression models using residence as a predictor and (1) BMI-SDS or (2) dietary data (daily intake of energy (kcal), macronutrients (energy percentage), or food groups (g/1000 kcal)) as the outcome. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and household socio-economic status. An analysis was carried out on 1267 anthropometric measurements collected annually from 360 participants aged 6-18 years (935 3-day weighed dietary records from 292 participants) between 2014 and 2019. In the fully adjusted models, residence in the south was associated with a lower BMI-SDS (β = -0.42, p = 0.02), lower intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (β = -47.00, p = 0.04), and higher intake of vegetables (β = 11.13, p = 0.04). Findings suggest that the place of residence, beyond individuals' socio-economic statuses, may be a contributing factor to dietary quality.

Lifetime dairy product consumption and breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study by tumor subtypes

BackgroundPrevious literature on dairy products and risk of breast cancer is inconsistent, and the relationship may depend on the life-period of dietary assessment. ObjectiveWe examined dairy consumption from adolescence through later adulthood and incidence of breast cancer by menopausal status and tumor molecular subtypes in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), a prospective cohort study. MethodsWe analyzed data from 63,847 females in the NHS collected from 1980 to 2018. Average intake of dairy products during adulthood was assessed by validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires throughout follow-up. Participants recalled adolescent dietary intake in 1986. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) relating dairy product consumption to breast cancer risk overall, by menopausal status, and by subtypes. ResultsWe documented 5733 incident cases of invasive breast cancer during 32 y of follow-up (n = 5298 postmenopausal). Lifetime, adolescent, adulthood, and postmenopausal total dairy and milk intakes were not associated with overall breast cancer risk (nonsignificant HRs comparing highest with lowest quintile range = 0.97–1.08), although there was a suggestive positive association between adolescent milk intake and breast cancer risk (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.18). Higher lifetime and premenopausal cheese intakes were associated with modestly lower risks of breast cancer (comparing highest with lowest quintile, HR for lifetime cheese intake: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98; HR for premenopausal cheese intake: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.00). Results varied by tumor subtype and some evidence for heterogeneity was observed for an association between premenopausal milk intake and breast cancer (HR for estrogen receptor [ER]-positive: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.99; ER-negative: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.84; P heterogeneity = 0.04). ConclusionsThese findings suggest that overall dairy consumption was not associated with risk of breast cancer. However, heterogeneity was observed for type of dairy food, period of life, and tumor subtypes.

Validation of Mobile Artificial Intelligence Technology–Assisted Dietary Assessment Tool Against Weighed Records and 24-Hour Recall in Adolescent Females in Ghana

BackgroundImportant gaps exist in the dietary intake of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), partly due to expensive assessment methods and inaccuracy in portion-size estimation. Dietary assessment tools leveraging mobile technologies exist but only a few have been validated in LMICs. ObjectiveWe validated Food Recognition Assistance and Nudging Insights (FRANI), a mobile artificial intelligence (AI) dietary assessment application in adolescent females aged 12–18 y (n = 36) in Ghana, against weighed records (WR), and multipass 24-hour recalls (24HR). MethodsDietary intake was assessed during 3 nonconsecutive days using FRANI, WRs, and 24HRs. Equivalence of nutrient intake was tested using mixed-effect models adjusted for repeated measures, by comparing ratios (FRANI/WR and 24HR/WR) with equivalence margins at 10%, 15%, and 20% error bounds. Agreement between methods was assessed using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). ResultsEquivalence for FRANI and WR was determined at the 10% bound for energy intake, 15% for 5 nutrients (iron, zinc, folate, niacin, and vitamin B6), and 20% for protein, calcium, riboflavin, and thiamine intakes. Comparisons between 24HR and WR estimated equivalence at the 20% bound for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, thiamine, and vitamin A intakes. The CCCs by nutrient between FRANI and WR ranged between 0.30 and 0.68, which was similar for CCC between 24HR and WR (ranging between 0.38 and 0.67). Comparisons of food consumption episodes from FRANI and WR found 31% omission and 16% intrusion errors. Omission and intrusion errors were lower when comparing 24HR with WR (21% and 13%, respectively). ConclusionsFRANI AI–assisted dietary assessment could accurately estimate nutrient intake in adolescent females compared with WR in urban Ghana. FRANI estimates were at least as accurate as those provided through 24HR. Further improvements in food recognition and portion estimation in FRANI could reduce errors and improve overall nutrient intake estimations.

Fast-Food Consumption, Dietary Quality, and Dietary Intake of Adolescents in Saudi Arabia.

High fast-food consumption is a common public-health concern among adolescents, due to its link to a number of non-communicable diseases. Frequent consumption of fast food may also affect diets of individuals; however, research addressing this issue is lacking in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to investigate the association between fast-food consumption, dietary quality, and dietary intake of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. This is a cross-sectional study of 617 healthy adolescents aged 11-18 years, who were recruited randomly from 16 middle- and high-schools located in Jeddah and Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Sociodemographic data were collected from parents. Dietary data, including the frequency of fast-food consumption, dietary quality (assessed using the short-form food frequency questionnaire), and dietary intake (assessed using multiple 24 h diet recalls from a subsample), were collected from the adolescents. Approximately one-third of adolescents (28.5%) reported frequent fast-food consumption (>two times a week). Results showed that a higher proportion of male adolescents frequently consumed fast-food, compared with female adolescents (32.8% vs. 24.8%, p = 0.039). Adolescents with the highest monthly family-income (≥SAR 21,000 ) reported a significantly higher frequency of fast-food consumption compared with families with a lower monthly income (p = 0.009). Frequency of fast-food consumption predicted lower dietary-quality in adolescents (Beta (B) = -0.27 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.35 to -0.18]) and higher carbohydrate and free-sugar intake (B = 6.93 [95% CI: 0.78 to 13.1], and B = 3.93 [95% CI: 1.48 to 6.38], respectively). In conclusion, nutrition-intervention programs aiming to limit fast-food consumption and enhance the dietary quality of adolescents in Saudi Arabia, are warranted.

Relative validity of a mobile AI-technology–assisted dietary assessment in adolescent females in Vietnam

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a gap in data on dietary intake of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Traditional methods for dietary assessment are resource intensive and lack accuracy with regard to portion-size estimation. Technology-assisted dietary assessment tools have been proposed but few have been validated for feasibility of use in LMICs.ObjectivesWe assessed the relative validity of FRANI (Food Recognition Assistance and Nudging Insights), a mobile artificial intelligence (AI) application for dietary assessment in adolescent females (n = 36) aged 12–18 y in Vietnam, against a weighed records (WR) standard and compared FRANI performance with a multi-pass 24-h recall (24HR).MethodsDietary intake was assessed using 3 methods: FRANI, WR, and 24HRs undertaken on 3 nonconsecutive days. Equivalence of nutrient intakes was tested using mixed-effects models adjusting for repeated measures, using 10%, 15%, and 20% bounds. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was used to assess the agreement between methods. Sources of errors were identified for memory and portion-size estimation bias.ResultsEquivalence between the FRANI app and WR was determined at the 10% bound for energy, protein, and fat and 4 nutrients (iron, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and zinc), and at 15% and 20% bounds for carbohydrate, calcium, vitamin C, thiamin, niacin, and folate. Similar results were observed for differences between 24HRs and WR with a 20% equivalent bound for all nutrients except for vitamin A. The CCCs between FRANI and WR (0.60, 0.81) were slightly lower between 24HRs and WR (0.70, 0.89) for energy and most nutrients. Memory error (food omissions or intrusions) was ∼21%, with no clear pattern apparent on portion-size estimation bias for foods.ConclusionsAI-assisted dietary assessment and 24HRs accurately estimate nutrient intake in adolescent females when compared with WR. Errors could be reduced with further improvements in AI-assisted food recognition and portion estimation.

Nourishing our future: the Lancet Series on adolescent nutrition

Adolescence is a time of phenomenal growth. During adolescence height velocity is second only to the first 2 years of life 1 Patton G Sawyer S Santelli J et al. Our future: a Lancet Commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. Lancet. 2016; 387: 2423-2478 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar , 2 Depauw E Oxley D Toddlers, teenagers, and terminal heights: the importance of puberty for male adult stature, Flanders, 1800–76. Econ Hist Rev. 2019; 72: 925-952 Crossref Scopus (10) Google Scholar and every physiological system is transformed. 3 Prentice AM Ward KA Goldberg GR et al. Critical windows for nutritional interventions against stunting. Am Clin Nutr. 2013; 97: 911-918 Crossref PubMed Scopus (276) Google Scholar Yet adolescent growth and nutrition have been overlooked in the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016–25). The Sustainable Development Goals for nutrition include no adolescent-specific targets. 4 WHOGlobal targets 2025 to improve maternal, infant and young children nutrition. World Health Organization, Geneva2017 Google Scholar WHO's global action plan for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases similarly had no clearly specified targets for overweight and obesity in older children or adolescents. 5 WHOGlobal action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013–2020. World Health Organization, Geneva2013 Google Scholar Donor investments in adolescent nutrition remain woefully inadequate. 6 Li ZH Li MQ Patton GC Lu CL Global development assistance for adolescent health from 2003 to 2015. JAMA Netw Open. 2018; 1e181072 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar Adolescent underweight and micronutrient deficiencies persist in many places as the world faces increases in adolescent overweight and obesity. From 1990 to 2016, the number of adolescents affected by overweight and obesity globally more than doubled to almost one in five while the absolute number of adolescents with anaemia increased by 20% to almost one in four. 7 Azzopardi PS Hearps SJ Francis KL et al. Progress in adolescent health and wellbeing: tracking 12 headline indicators for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016. Lancet. 2019; 393: 101-118 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (89) Google Scholar Nutrition in adolescent growth and developmentDuring adolescence, growth and development are transformative and have profound consequences on an individual's health in later life, as well as the health of any potential children. The current generation of adolescents is growing up at a time of unprecedented change in food environments, whereby nutritional problems of micronutrient deficiency and food insecurity persist, and overweight and obesity are burgeoning. In a context of pervasive policy neglect, research on nutrition during adolescence specifically has been underinvested, compared with such research in other age groups, which has inhibited the development of adolescent-responsive nutritional policies. Full-Text PDF Food choice in transition: adolescent autonomy, agency, and the food environmentDietary intake during adolescence sets the foundation for a healthy life, but adolescents are diverse in their dietary patterns and in factors that influence food choice. More evidence to understand the key diet-related issues and the meaning and context of food choices for adolescents is needed to increase the potential for impactful actions. The aim of this second Series paper is to elevate the importance given to adolescent dietary intake and food choice, bringing a developmental perspective to inform policy and programmatic actions to improve diets. Full-Text PDF Strategies and interventions for healthy adolescent growth, nutrition, and developmentAdolescence is a pivotal point in the life course, characterised by transformative physical, cognitive, and emotional growth, an openness to change, and a drive to reshape the social environment. It offers unique opportunities to adopt changes in diet and physical activity that can persist into later life. Yet pre-existing nutritional problems, including micronutrient deficiencies, food insecurity, and poor-quality diets, persist at the same time as adolescents face the rapid emergence of an obesity epidemic. Full-Text PDF

A new global policy framework for adolescent nutrition?

This new Lancet series on adolescent nutrition 1 Norris SA Frongillo EA Black MM et al. Nutrition in adolescent growth and development. Lancet. 2021; (published online Nov 29.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01590-7 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Google Scholar , 2 Neufeld LM Andrade EB Suleiman AB et al. Food choice in transition: adolescent autonomy, agency, and the food environment. Lancet. 2021; (published online Nov 29.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01687-1 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar , 3 Hargreaves D Mates E Menon P et al. Strategies and interventions for healthy adolescent growth, nutrition, and development. Lancet. 2021; (published online Nov 29.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01593-2 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar sets out the challenges and opportunities for addressing healthy adolescent nutrition and development. Adolescence is a time when the multiple faces of malnutrition clearly materialise, as exemplified by overweight adolescents who were stunted children, or obese children with micronutrient deficiencies. This is also a time of extreme plasticity of the body and of changing lifestyles and norms when unhealthy behaviours can be adopted or instead virtuous circles of healthy behaviours can be established. Nourishing our future: the Lancet Series on adolescent nutritionAdolescence is a time of phenomenal growth. During adolescence height velocity is second only to the first 2 years of life1,2 and every physiological system is transformed.3 Yet adolescent growth and nutrition have been overlooked in the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016–25). The Sustainable Development Goals for nutrition include no adolescent-specific targets.4 WHO's global action plan for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases similarly had no clearly specified targets for overweight and obesity in older children or adolescents. Full-Text PDF Nutrition in adolescent growth and developmentDuring adolescence, growth and development are transformative and have profound consequences on an individual's health in later life, as well as the health of any potential children. The current generation of adolescents is growing up at a time of unprecedented change in food environments, whereby nutritional problems of micronutrient deficiency and food insecurity persist, and overweight and obesity are burgeoning. In a context of pervasive policy neglect, research on nutrition during adolescence specifically has been underinvested, compared with such research in other age groups, which has inhibited the development of adolescent-responsive nutritional policies. Full-Text PDF Food choice in transition: adolescent autonomy, agency, and the food environmentDietary intake during adolescence sets the foundation for a healthy life, but adolescents are diverse in their dietary patterns and in factors that influence food choice. More evidence to understand the key diet-related issues and the meaning and context of food choices for adolescents is needed to increase the potential for impactful actions. The aim of this second Series paper is to elevate the importance given to adolescent dietary intake and food choice, bringing a developmental perspective to inform policy and programmatic actions to improve diets. Full-Text PDF Strategies and interventions for healthy adolescent growth, nutrition, and developmentAdolescence is a pivotal point in the life course, characterised by transformative physical, cognitive, and emotional growth, an openness to change, and a drive to reshape the social environment. It offers unique opportunities to adopt changes in diet and physical activity that can persist into later life. Yet pre-existing nutritional problems, including micronutrient deficiencies, food insecurity, and poor-quality diets, persist at the same time as adolescents face the rapid emergence of an obesity epidemic. Full-Text PDF

Assessing Dietary Intake Patterns Through Cluster Analysis Among Adolescents in Selected Districts of Bihar and Assam From India: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: In the recent decade, dietary pattern assessment has evolved as a promising tool to describe the whole diet and represent inter-correlations between different dietary components. We aimed to derive the dietary patterns of adolescents (10–19 years) using cluster analysis on food groups and evaluate these patterns according to their socio-demographic profile.Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two districts, each from Bihar and Assam in India. Adolescents (10–19 years) were enrolled from both rural and urban areas. The dietary intake was assessed through a pre-validated single food frequency questionnaire. Cluster analysis was performed by a 2-step procedure to explore dietary patterns, pre-fixed at 2 clusters. Clusters were analyzed with respect to socio-demographic characteristics using binomial logistic regression.Results: A total of 826 girls and 811 boys were enrolled in the study. We found two major dietary patterns, namely a low- and high-mixed diet. The low-mixed diet (76.5% prevalence) had daily consumption of green vegetables, including leafy vegetables, with less frequent consumption of other foods. The high-mixed diet (23.5% prevalence) had more frequent consumption of chicken, meat, egg, and milk/curd apart from green vegetables. Adolescent boys had 3.6 times higher odds of consuming a low-mixed diet compared to girls. Similarly, adolescents with lower education grades and from marginalized social classes had two times higher odds of taking a low-mixed diet than their respective counterparts.Conclusions: The high consumption of a low-mixed diet and relatively less milk consumption limit the comprehensive growth of adolescents. Improvement in dietary intake of adolescents from marginalized sections of society can prove to be an important deterrent in mitigating India's nutritional challenges.

Changes in Adolescents’ Dietary Intake Following the Initiation of an 8-Week Exercise Program

Purpose: To assess changes in dietary intake of adolescents following an 8-week aerobic exercise program.Methods: Twenty-six adolescents (14-18 years) participated in an 8-week aerobic exercise program on cycle ergometer at their high school in Quebec, Canada. Twenty-four hour recalls were collected pre- and post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired sample t-tests were used to assess differences in energy and dietary intake parameters (food quantity, diet quality, eating patterns) between pre- and postintervention.Results: A decrease in total daily energy intake (-287.8kcal, P = 0.007), in meal size at lunch (-110.1 g, P = 0.02) and dinner (-143.7 g, P = 0.03), in food density at breakfast (-1.8kcal/g, P = 0.04), in daily carbohydrate intake (-56.1 g, P = 0.005), and in percentage of energy intake consumed at school (-5.1%, P = 0.04) were observed following initiation of an aerobic exercise program. No change in healthy eating index scores or percentage of energy from processed foods was observed.Conclusions: Changes in energy intake, food quantity, and eating pattern but not diet quality (Healthy Eating Index or food processing scores) were observed following the initiation of an aerobic exercise program. Nutrition interventions may be needed, in addition to an exercise program, to target diet quality and promote healthy eating habits in adolescents.

An Investigation on Korean Adolescents' Dietary Consumption: Focused on Sociodemographic Characteristics, Physical Health, and Mental Health.

The promotion of healthful dietary intake in adolescents is an important public health concern, as obesity is on the rise among adolescents. The current study aimed to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and dietary intake (breakfast, vegetables, milk, fruits, fast food, carbohydrate beverages, and caffeine beverages) and to examine the influences of physical and mental health on dietary intake. A nationally representative sample of 187,622 adolescents who attended middle and high schools and participated in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2015, 2017, and 2019) was used. The results showed a decrease in breakfast, vegetable, milk, and fruit consumption and an increase in the obesity rate from 2015 to 2019. There was a significant association between dietary intake and gender, economic status, BMI, and academic achievement. Multiple logistic regression analysis results revealed that the consumption of breakfast, vegetables, milk, and fruit were associated with greater odds of having enough sleep. Fast food intake was shown to be a significant risk factor for depression with an odds ratio of 1.204 (95% CI = 1.169–1.239), and carbonated beverage consumption was shown to be a significant risk factor for stress with an odds ratio of 1.042 (95% CI = 1.030–1.054). These results provide fundamental data that can be used to develop an effective nutrition intervention program or nutrition policy for adolescents or school food service programs.

Adolescent-Reported Latino Fathers' Food Parenting Practices and Family Meal Frequency Are Associated with Better Adolescent Dietary Intake.

Most studies of food-related parenting practices, parental meal involvement, and adolescent dietary intake have focused on maternal influences; studies of paternal influences, particularly among marginalized groups, are lacking. This study examined lower-income, Latino fathers’ food parenting practices and involvement in planning meals, buying/preparing foods, and family meal frequency, separately and in combination, to identify relationships with adolescent food intake. Baseline data were used from Latino adolescents (10–14 years, n = 191, 49% boys) participating with their fathers in a community-based overweight/obesity prevention intervention. Fathers reported sociodemographic characteristics. Adolescents reported frequency of fathers’ food parenting practices, fathers’ food/meal involvement, and family meals and participated in 24 h dietary recalls. The analysis included regression models using GLM (generalized linear mixed model) and PLM (post GLM processing) procedures. Most fathers were married, employed full-time, and had annual incomes below USD 50,000. Favorable fathers’ food parenting practices were associated with adolescent intake of more fruit and vegetables and fewer sugar-sweetened beverages, sweets/salty snacks, and less fast food (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). No independent effects of family meal frequency or fathers’ food/meal involvement were observed on adolescent dietary outcomes. Additional analyses showed favorable food parenting practices in combination with frequent family meals were associated with adolescents having a higher intake of fruit (p = 0.011). Latino fathers can have an important positive influence on adolescent dietary intake.

Frequent Consumption of Micronutrient-Rich Foods Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Anemia Among Adolescent Girls and Boys in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Anemia is a global public health concern. Its devastating consequences include impaired cognitive and motor development, reduced work productivity, and adverse birth outcomes, all of which apply to adolescents, as well as adults and children. This study aimed to examine the determinants of anemia in Indonesian adolescent girls and boys from Klaten and Lombok Barat districts. A total of 2150 adolescents who participated in a cross-sectional household survey were included in the analysis. The dietary intake of adolescents was assessed using a 7-day food frequency questionnaire. The relationship between anemia status, dietary intake, and other hypothesized determinants was assessed for adolescent girls and boys on a separate basis, using complex samples Cox regression analysis. Variables were selected for inclusion in multivariate models if they were significantly associated with the dependent variable in univariate models (P < .05). The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls and boys was 19% and 5%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, frequent consumption of animal-based iron-rich foods was significantly associated with a lower risk of anemia (prevalence ratio [PR]: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36-0.97) among adolescent girls, whereas a higher intake of vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables was associated with a reduced risk of anemia (PR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.20-0.85) among adolescent boys, after adjustment for all potential confounders. Increased consumption of iron- and vitamin A-rich foods through the implementation of gender-responsive Social Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) interventions is warranted. This should be coupled with improved coverage and quality of iron and folic acid supplementation programs in adolescents.

TV advertising and dietary intake in adolescents: a pre- and post- study of Chile\u2019s Food Marketing Policy

BackgroundThe first phase of a comprehensive marketing policy was implemented in Chile in 2016. The policy restricted child-directed marketing of foods and beverages considered high in energy, total sugars, sodium or saturated fat (“high-in”). The objective of this study was to examine the role of high-in TV food advertising as a mediator in the association between policy implementation and consumption of high-in foods and beverages between 2016 and 2017.MethodsDietary data were from 24-hour diet recalls collected in 2016 and 2017 in a cohort of 12–14 y children (n = 721). Television use was assessed concurrently and linked to analyses of food advertisements on broadcast and paid television to derive individual-level estimates of exposure to high-in food advertising. A multilevel mediation analysis examined direct and indirect effects of the policy through advertising exposure.ResultsFollowing the policy implementation, high-in advertising exposure was significantly reduced (p < 0.01). High-in food intake decreased in adolescents with lower levels, but not higher levels, of high-in advertising at baseline. We did not find evidence of mediation by changes in high-in ad exposure.ConclusionsAdolescents’ exposure to high-in TV advertising decreased after the 2016 implementation of the Chilean Food Labeling and Marketing Law. However, evidence that changes in advertisement mediated dietary changes was not found. Further research is needed to understand how marketing changes will relate to dietary changes after full implementation of the law and in the long term.

TV advertising and dietary intake in adolescents: a pre- and post- study of Chile’s Food Marketing Policy

TV advertising and dietary intake in adolescents: a pre- and post- study of Chile’s Food Marketing Policy

Farm to Future: A Virtual Summer Nutrition Culinary Camp for Kids

Food literacy has been defined as “the complex, related set of skills, knowledge, and behaviors needed in the everyday practicalities of meeting nutrition recommendations.”1 Amin et al2 recently validated a tool to measure food literacy: the Tool for Food Literacy Assessment in Children (TFLAC). The TFLAC assesses 5 domains of nutrition or food knowledge and skills: cooking skills, cooking knowledge, nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy regarding eating, and food systems knowledge.2 According to a review evaluating the relationship between food literacy and dietary intake in adolescents, 8 of 13 studies found that adolescents with higher nutrition knowledge or who engaged in more frequent food preparation had healthier dietary intake patterns.

Transtheoretical model-based nutritional interventions in adolescents: a systematic review

BackgroundLiterature has shown a tendency of inadequate dietary intake among youth, consequently, nutritional interventions are required. The transtheoretical model (TTM) classifies individuals based on their readiness to change. This model is widely used for health education interventions with proven efficacy.PurposeThis review aimed to weigh the strength of evidence about the TTM usage in nutritional interventions for adolescents and its effectiveness regarding dietary intake.MethodsThis study followed the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies were input into Mendeley software. The Adolec, Google Scholar, LILACS, PsycINFO, PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science databases were searched. Only full original articles written in English, Spanish or Portuguese on randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs that applied the TTM in the design of nutritional interventions targeting adolescents were included, with no restrictions on publication date. The quality and risk of bias was evaluated with the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.ResultsThe initial search yielded 3779 results. Three studies were rated as strong, six as moderate and five as weak. The final sample of 14 articles included adolescents that were mostly recruited from schools, with interventions ranging from one month to three years. The TTM was used alone or combined with other behavior-change theories and most of the interventions involved digital technology. The nutritional topics covered included fruit and vegetable consumption, low-fat diet, and cooking skills. Four studies presented improvement in fruit and vegetable consumption and four progressed through stages of change. Participants from two interventions reduced fat intake. At the end of one intervention, all the participants were in action and maintenance stages.ConclusionThe TTM seems to be a successful strategy for nutritional intervention aiming at improving dietary intake in adolescents. Its application in different contexts shows that the TTM is flexible and possible to be implemented in many settings. The use of the model is shown to be restricted to the stage of change’ construct. Further studies should use all constructs of the TTM in the design and compare the TTM with other behavior-change theories to better understand its effectiveness.

The Healthy Supermarket Coach: Effects of a Nutrition Peer-Education Intervention in Dutch Supermarkets Involving Adolescents With a Lower Education Level.

Supermarkets located near schools influence adolescents' food consumption. The aims of this study were (1) to measure dietary behaviors during school hours, (2) to investigate the effect of a nutrition peer-education intervention in supermarkets within walking distance to secondary schools on nutritional knowledge and attitudes toward healthy eating, and (3) to assess how the intervention was appraised by adolescents with a lower education level. The participants were adolescents aged 12 to 14 years from four secondary schools in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (n = 432). Cross-sectional analyses were performed to establish dietary behaviors (pretest). A quasi-experimental pre-post design with a comparison school was used (n = 3 intervention, n = 1 comparison). Intervention schools received the intervention in a supermarket near their school. The comparison school received no intervention. The appraisal of the intervention was assessed in the intervention schools (posttest). Most of the adolescents who purchased foods from retail food outlets near the school (71.1%) did so from supermarkets (88.6%). The nutritional knowledge scores (β = 0.69, 95% CI [0.23, 1.15], p = .003) as well as the attitudes toward healthy eating (β = 0.17, 95% CI [0.04, 0.29], p = .009) of adolescents from the intervention schools were statistically significantly higher after the intervention, relative to the comparison school. Nutrition peer education in supermarkets can improve nutritional knowledge and attitudes toward healthy eating among adolescents with a lower education. Future research on the short- and long-term effects of nutrition peer education on food purchases and dietary intake of adolescents is needed.

P16 Associations Between Latino Fathers' Food Involvement with Adolescents and Food Parenting Practices

<h3>Background</h3> Latino father involvement in meals and food management may be related to frequency of food parenting practices that could improve adolescent dietary intake. However, limited information exists about this relationship. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine associations between the frequency of Latino fathers' meal/food involvement and father food parenting practices based on adolescent report. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> A cross-sectional study was conducted using baseline survey data from Latino adolescents (10-14 years, n = 138) participating in a community-based intervention with fathers to prevent obesity (2017-2019). Adolescents reported frequency of fathers' meal/food involvement, and father food parenting practices using tested survey instruments. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> Logistic regression models were used to examine associations of family meals; meals with fathers; and paternal food involvement (planning, buying, preparing) (independent variables) with food parenting practices (setting expectations; role modeling; home food availability for fruits, vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs]) (dependent variables) adjusted for income; children in the home; and adolescent age and sex. <h3>Results</h3> Greater father food involvement was associated with expecting adolescents' fruit intake ≥2 times/day (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.30-7.08), role modeling fruit intake (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.51-8.30), and making fruit available >3 times per week (OR, 4.04; 95% CI, 1.67-9.79). Meals with fathers ≥5 times/week was associated with role modeling fruit and vegetable intakes >3 times per week (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.28-6.43 for fruit; and OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.51-7.06 for vegetables), and making fruit and vegetables available >3 times per week (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.52-7.86 for fruit; and OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.29-6.72 for vegetables). Family meals ≥5 times/week were positively associated with making SSBs available ≥2 times/week (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.07-5.98). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Food and meal involvement among Latino fathers may enable certain food parenting practices to improve adolescent food behaviors.

Low energy intake and dietary quality are associated with low objective sleep quality in young Japanese women

Literature reports suggest that subjective sleep quality is associated with nutrient intake in elderly people and workers. However, few studies have suggested an association between objective sleep quality and dietary intake in adolescents and young women. We hypothesized that objective sleep quality is associated with dietary intake in adolescents and young women. We evaluated the association between energy and nutrient intake and objective sleep quality in adolescents and young Japanese women. In a cross-sectional study of 80 women aged 18-27 years, dietary intake was assessed using the self-administered diet history questionnaire. Objective sleep quality was assessed by actigraphy. Lifestyle characteristics, dietary habits, and mental health were assessed using specific questionnaires. Subjects were classified into 3 groups according to sleep efficiency (SE <80%, 80%-85%, and ≥85%), and the relationships between dietary intake and objective sleep quality were statistically evaluated. No significant differences occurred in lifestyle characteristics, physical activity levels, eating behavior, and mental health status among the 3 SE groups. Energy intake was significantly lower in the low-SE group than in the middle- (P = .004) and high- (P = .015) SE groups. Protein intake was significantly lower in the low-SE group than in the high-SE group (P = .034). The mean energy-adjusted intakes of vitamin K, vitamin B2, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and tryptophan were significantly lower in the low-SE group than in the high-SE group. Adequate energy intake and a high-quality diet including vitamins, minerals, and tryptophan may result in high sleep quality and help prevent sleep problems.