Food Dietary Supplements Research Articles

2024 Update on Postmarketing Nutrivigilance Safety Profile: A Line of Dietary Food Supplements Containing Red Yeast Rice for Dyslipidemia.

IntroductionConsidering lack of a European standardized postmarketing food supplement surveillance system, some member states and companies have developed their own approaches to monitoring potential AEs to secure a high level of product safety. This paper updates 2021 results of the use of a nutrivigilance system in monitoring the incidence of spontaneously reported suspected AEs associated with RYR-containing food supplements.Material and methodsWe report the data from a product marketed under the trademark Armolipid/Armolipid Plus. Postmarketing information was collected in a voluntary nutrivigilance system established by the manufacturing company (Meda Pharma SpA, a Viatris Company, Monza, Italy). From 1st October 2004-31st December 2023, this system captured cases of suspected AEs spontaneously reported by consumers, healthcare professionals, health authorities, regardless of causality.ResultsThe total number of case reports received mentioning the RYR-food supplement product line increased to 1186, in which 1904 AEs were reported. The total reporting rate of AEs was estimated to be 0.049% of 3,880,865 exposed consumers. Of the 1186 cases, 28 (0.0007%) included suspected SAEs. After careful investigation, 9 cases (0.0002%) and 12 AEs were assessed by the manufacturer as serious and potentially related to exposure to the above-mentioned RYR-based nutraceutical. Off-label reports linked to the newly introduced limitation at 70 years of age were observed, in contrast to the previous analysis.ConclusionsThese updated results confirm a very low incidence of RYR suspected AEs. Consumer safety of food supplements could be generally improved by raising awareness of the importance of following the indications and warnings detailed in a food supplement’s labelling.

Analysis of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and analogues as adulterants in herbal dietary food supplements in Saudi market using green UPLC-MS/MS method: Assessment of the greenness and whiteness profiles

Herbal dietary supplements are popular alternatives to oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) for treating Erectile Dysfunction (ED), yet concerns arise regarding their adulteration with undeclared synthetic PDE5Is or analogues, posing health risks. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a green UPLC-MS/MS method for sensitive and rapid detection of PDE5Is and analogues in sexual enhancement herbal dietary supplements marketed in Saudi Arabia. Method validation revealed good linearity with determination coefficients (r2) ≥ 0.9990, and LODs and LOQs in the range of 0.4 – 32 ng g−1 and 1––96 ng g−1, respectively. The accuracy ranged from 80.8 % to 103.4 % while inter-day precision was ≤ 8.6 % and intra-day precision was ≤ 8.4 %. The method was successfully utilized to analyze 32 herbal dietary supplements. The results revealed that 18 samples (56.3 %) tested positive for at least one of the target analytes. Sildenafil emerged as the most frequently detected analyte, found in 15 samples (20.1 µg g−1 to 37,492 µg g−1). Tadalafil was detected in 7 samples, with concentrations ranging from 4.46 µg g−1 to 19,986 µg g−1. Yohimbine was detected in only 4 samples, while icariin was detected at lower concentrations in 3 samples. Furthermore, the method greenness and whiteness profiles were evaluated using four metrics including the Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) metric, and Red-Green-Blue 12 (RGB 12) metric.This study provides foundational data on the adulteration of dietary supplements in Saudi Arabia and offers insights for future interventions to promote consumer safety and awareness regarding herbal dietary supplement consumption.

Crater-Spectrum Feature Fusion Method for Panax notoginseng Cadmium Detection Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.

Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) is a valuable herbal medicine, as well as a dietary food supplement known for its satisfactory clinical efficacy in alleviating blood stasis, reducing swelling, and relieving pain. However, the ability of P. notoginseng to absorb and accumulate cadmium (Cd) poses a significant environmental pollution risk and potential health hazards to humans. In this study, we employed laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the rapid detection of Cd. It is important to note that signal uncertainty can impact the quantification performance of LIBS. Hence, we proposed the crater-spectrum feature fusion method, which comprises ablation crater morphology compensation and characteristic peak ratio correction (CPRC), to explore the feasibility of signal uncertainty reduction. The crater morphology compensation method, namely, adding variables using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis, decreased the root-mean-square error of the prediction set (RMSEP) from 7.0233 μg/g to 5.4043 μg/g. The prediction results were achieved after CPRC pretreatment using the calibration curve model with an RMSEP of 3.4980 μg/g, a limit of detection of 1.92 μg/g, and a limit of quantification of 6.41 μg/g. The crater-spectrum feature fusion method reached the lowest RMSEP of 2.8556 μg/g, based on a least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) model. The preliminary results suggest the effectiveness of the crater-spectrum feature fusion method for detecting Cd. Furthermore, this method has the potential to be extended to detect other toxic metals in addition to Cd, which significantly contributes to ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural production.

The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dietary Food Supplement Usage Habits

With COVID-19 pandemic, it is seen that people are in demand for dietary food supplements in order to protect themselves from this virus-related disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate what extent the COVID-19 pandemic affects people's food supplement usage habits by controlling blood levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12 and zinc. In this retrospective study design, we examined patients test results collected from laboratory information system over a two-year period including one year before and after the date of first COVID-19 infection in Türkiye. There were 197,669 eligible test results for statistical evaluation. Mean vitamin D levels for preCOVID group spring, summer, autumn and winter were 22.3, 25.2, 25.4, and 21.9 ng/mL, respectively. As for the postCOVID group, identical values were 21.3, 22.7, 23.8, and 24.4 ng/mL. For vitamin D levels, there were statistically differences between subgroups (seasons) but no difference between main groups (p>0.05). Mean vitamin B12 levels were 262.6 pg/mL and 264.1 pg/mL (p>0.05), and mean zinc levels were 84.0 µg/dL and 91.1 µg/dL (p<0.001) for preCOVID and postCOVID groups, respectively. In recent years, as integrative medicine has become popular all over the world, interest in dietary food supplements has started to climb. The belief on such food supplements increase protection against viral diseases suggested that the increased usage of these products in the pandemic period. In this study, except zinc there was no statistically difference between pre and postCOVID periods in terms of serum levels. The results showed us the change of supplement usage behavior due to COVID-19 is suspicious.

Bioactive compounds and benefits of by-products of Amazon babassu oil production: potential for dietary supplement, biomedical and food applications.

Babassu coconut (Attalea speciosa syn. Orbignya phalerata) contains an oil-rich nut and is primarily found in South America's Amazon region. Future market researchers predict an increase in the babassu oil market from USD 227.7 million in 2022 to USD 347.0 million by 2032, and the yield of babassu oil from babassu-processed waste could reach 90%. Of these, mesocarp flour is an underrated by-product used only for animal feed purposes by local producers. This comprehensive review focuses on advances in knowledge and understanding of phytochemicals from babassu oil by-products considering the mechanisms of action - covering antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. Babassu coconut fruit contains free fatty acids, (poly)phenols, phytosterols, and triterpenes. Pytochemicals, antiparasitic and antibacterial activities of babassu mesocarp flour were shown, but fungi and viruses can get more attention. Beyond its antioxidant capacity, babassu mesocarp flour showed potential as a dietary food supplement. Aqueous suspensions of mesocarp flour with a higher preference for cancer cells than normal cells and an antithrombotic effect were also identified, probably related to the antioxidant capacity of its secondary metabolites. Mesocarp flour, a starch-rich fraction, is promising for application as biodegradable packaging to improve the oxidative stability of foods. Finally, low-added value fractions can be considered bio-waste/co-products, and their phytochemicals may attract interest for applications in medicine and nutrition. Toxicological concerns, trends, and gaps are discussed for the future of foods and related sciences.

Therapeutic Role of Desmodium Species on its Isolated Flavonoids.

Secondary metabolites are an important part to play a major role in society and it was isolated from plant flavonoids and useful in the treatment of various kinds of diseases in the human race. They are widely used as food and nutrition supplements as well as antioxidants. Traditionally, the Desmodium species are an important tool for the secondary metabolites to treat various diseases. Desmodium triquetrum (Fabaceae) one of the Indian medicinal plants is widely used in the treatment of asthma and inflammation. Three flavonoids isolated from Desmodium triquetrum Linn namely Baicalein, Naringin and Neohesperidin are useful as antioxidants, food and nutrition supplements, that help the body to function efficiently while protecting it against toxins as well stressors. The role of flavonoids may be due to the presence of the phenolic compound. Similarly, the flavonoids such as gangetin, gangetinin, desmocarpin and desmodin isolated from the species Desmodium gangeticum are responsible for antileishmanial, antioxidant, anti-arthritic, and immunomodulatory activities. Additionally, isolated flavanoids from the species Desmodium triflorum show antibacterial, antiepileptic, antifungal, and radioprotective activities. So, the aim of the present study, based on the literature miming from the desmodium species is to acknowledge the importance of flavonoids in human health as dietary food supplements and therapeutic uses.

A Novel Variable Selection Method Based on Ordered Predictors Selection and Successive Projections Algorithm for Predicting Gastrodin Content in Fresh Gastrodia elata Using Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.

Gastrodin is one of the most important biologically active components of Gastrodia elata, which has many health benefits as a dietary and health food supplement. However, gastrodin measurement traditionally relies on laboratory and sophisticated instruments. This research was aimed at developing a rapid and non-destructive method based on Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) to predict gastrodin content in fresh Gastrodia elata. Auto-ordered predictors selection (autoOPS) and successive projections algorithm (SPA) were applied to select the most informative variables related to gastrodin content. Based on that, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models were compared. The autoOPS-SPA-MLR model showed the best prediction performances, with the determination coefficient of prediction (Rp2), ratio performance deviation (RPD) and range error ratio (RER) values of 0.9712, 5.83 and 27.65, respectively. Consequently, these results indicated that FT-NIRS technique combined with chemometrics could be an efficient tool to rapidly quantify gastrodin in Gastrodia elata and thus facilitate quality control of Gastrodia elata.

Sodium humate alleviates LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury by improving intestinal immune function and regulating gut microbiota

Sodium humate (HNa), known for its abundant functional active groups, is extensively utilized in food dietary supplements due to its versatile properties. Furthermore, HNa possesses notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diarrheal properties. This research endeavor aimed to elucidate the protective effects of HNa against intestinal barrier injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The findings of this study demonstrated that pretreatment with HNa effectively mitigated intestinal barrier injury in the jejunum. HNa exhibited inhibitory effects on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the production of inflammatory factors within the intestine. HNa supplementation also contributed to the upregulation of mucin and tight junctions (TJs) expression, consequently enhancing the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Notably, our investigation revealed that HNa shared comparable efficacy with the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 in inhibiting the TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the gut microbiota demonstrated that HNa exerted a regulatory influence on LPS-induced microflora disturbance. In conclusion, these findings collectively indicate that HNa mitigates LPS-induced mucosal damage in the jejunum and preserves the integrity of the intestinal barrier by modulating intestinal immune function and regulating gut microbiota.

Dietary pattern, food, and nutritional supplement effects on cognitive outcomes in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review of previous reviews.

Nutritional interventions may benefit cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, evidence is yet to be synthesized in a way that can inform recommendations for clinical and public health settings. To systematically review evidence on the effect of dietary patterns, foods, and nutritional supplements on cognitive decline in individuals with MCI. Guided by the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 statement, the Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases, the JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects were searched (publication years 2005 to 2020). Included studies were English-language systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies reporting on the effectiveness of nutritional interventions on cognition of individuals with MCI. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data on cognitive outcomes and adverse events. Review quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2). Primary study overlap was managed following Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Of the 6677 records retrieved, 20 reviews were included, which, in turn, reported on 43 randomized controlled trials and 1 cohort study that, together, addressed 18 nutritional interventions. Most reviews were limited by quality and the small number of primary studies with small sample sizes. Reviews were mostly positive for B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics (including 12, 11 and 4 primary studies, respectively). Souvenaid and the Mediterranean diet reduced cognitive decline or Alzheimer's disease progression in single trials with <500 participants. Findings from studies with a small number of participants suggest vitamin D, a low-carbohydrate diet, medium-chain triglycerides, blueberries, grape juice, cocoa flavanols, and Brazil nuts may improve individual cognitive subdomains, but more studies are needed. Few nutritional interventions were found to convincingly improve cognition of individuals with MCI. More high-quality research in MCI populations is required to determine if nutritional treatments improve cognition and/or reduce progression to dementia. Open Science Framework protocol identifier DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/BEP2S.

Caryota urens and Hyophorbe lagenicaulis as Nutraceutical by Managing Commercially Available Drug Induced Nephrotoxicity

Abstract: Background: Caryota urens flowers and Hyophorbe lagenicaulis leaves have huge beneficial properties, medicinal uses and rich phyto-pharmacological constituents. Nutraceutical potentiality of the selected plants on the basis of phytochemicals present in the aerial parts of Caryota urens and Hyophorbe lagenicaulis were taken as the background of the study. Aim: The present study investigates the nephroprotective potentiality of Caryota urens flowers and Hyophorbe lagenicaulis leaves against cisplatin and gentamycin induced nephrotoxicity. Materials and Methods: The extract of Caryota urens flowers and Hyophorbe lagenicaulis leaves were screened for preliminary phytochemical analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity of Caryota urens flower extract (CUFE) and Hyophorbe lagenicaulis leaves extract (HLLE) was performed by DPPH and H2O2 radical scavenging activity. In vivo acute oral toxicity test was performed by following OECD guideline 420. The screening models for cisplatin and gentamycin induced nephrotoxicity by using albino Wistar rats were also carried out. Results: In in vitro antioxidant studies CUFE and HLLE (*p<0.01 and **p<0.001) for both standard and test drugs. It also act as potent nutraceuticals in cisplatin and gentamycin induced nephrotoxicity (**p<0.001). No major side effects were seen in any of the experimental animal during acute oral toxicity. Conclusion: CUFE and HLLE (1:1) have nutritionally rich source of dietary food supplements and due to this they are also helpful in managing the commercial drugs induced nephrotoxicity. Keywords: Nutraceuticals, Phytochemical, Cisplatin, Gentamycin, Nephrotoxicity.

The role of diet in managing menopausal symptoms: Anarrative review.

Menopause is a natural stage that occurs when women stop menstruating, during which many women experience physical and psychological symptoms that can affect their quality of life and ability to work. Dietary modifications and food supplements may be explored by some women as alternatives to hormone replacement therapy, although existing reviews and expert position statements have given this limited consideration. This narrative review summarises the current evidence for dietary patterns, and botanical and food supplements, in the management of common menopausal symptoms, including vasomotor symptoms (VMS; hot flushes; night sweats), changes in bodyweight and composition, psychological symptoms (depression; anxiety; cognitive changes), sleep disturbances, joint pain, skin changes and urogenital symptoms. Soy isoflavones may reduce the frequency and/or severity of VMS, although results are inconsistent, and it is unclear whether dietary and supplemental sources have comparable effects. Adopting a healthier dietary pattern may support a healthy bodyweight and benefit VMS. However, evidence suggesting dietary patterns may benefit depression, anxiety, and cognition remains largely observational. While some botanicals, such as black cohosh and St John's Wort, have been reported in some studies to alleviate symptoms (such as VMS and depression), these are not currently recommended due to uncertainty about the appropriate dose and preparation, and potential safety concerns. Evidence for other symptoms is currently too limited to draw conclusions. While further trials at different menopausal stages are needed, adopting a healthier dietary pattern in accordance with dietary guidelines is likely to help support women's health before, during and after the menopausal transition.

Improving nutrition through biofortification-A systematic review.

Nutritious foods are essential for human health and development. However, malnutrition and hidden hunger continue to be a challenge globally. In most developing countries, access to adequate and nutritious food continues to be a challenge. Although hidden hunger is less prevalent in developed countries compared to developing countries where iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies are common. The United Nations (UN) 2nd Sustainable Development Goal was set to eradicate malnutrition and hidden hunger. Hidden hunger has led to numerous cases of infant and maternal mortalities, and has greatly impacted growth, development, cognitive ability, and physical working capacity. This has influenced several countries to develop interventions that could help combat malnutrition and hidden hunger. Interventions such as dietary diversification and food supplementation are being adopted. However, fortification but mainly biofortification has been projected to be the most sustainable solution to malnutrition and hidden hunger. Plant-based foods (PBFs) form a greater proportion of diets in certain populations; hence, fortification of PBFs is relevant in combating malnutrition and hidden hunger. Agronomic biofortification, plant breeding, and transgenic approaches are some currently used strategies in food crops. Crops such as cereals, legumes, oilseeds, vegetables, and fruits have been biofortified through all these three strategies. The transgenic approach is sustainable, efficient, and rapid, making it suitable for biofortification programs. Omics technology has also been introduced to improve the efficiency of the transgenic approach.

Heavy metals, trace elements, minerals and ascorbic acid content of occasionally consumed eight indigenous fruits in Bangladesh

Herein, a study was carried out to assess the nutritional potential of eight indigenous fruits namely sapodilla, stone apple, bilimbi, amla, litchi, strawberry, tamarind, elephant-apple particularly on the basis of heavy metal, mineral and ascorbic acid content along with the physicochemical properties. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) analysis were performed to determine the essential trace elements and heavy metals in the selected fruits, whereas sodium and potassium content was determined by flame-photometer. Even though the essential trace elements such as zinc, copper, manganese, selenium and cobalt were found in all the examined fruits, sapodilla, stone apple and tamarind were observed as a rich source of selenium and cobalt. The current research demonstrated the presence of toxic heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in elephant-apple, sapodilla, stone apple and tamarind in trace levels which are below the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). All the selected eight fruits are found as rich sources of macro-minerals for instance sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorous. Ascorbic acid was estimated by HPLC which ranged from 4.10 to 475.0 mg/100 g of edible portion and the highest amount was found in amla. In summary, these fruits could be potential sources of macro and microminerals and safe from toxic heavy metal contamination. The nutritional data observed in the present study would be played a promising role in dietary recommendation, nutritional education, training, research, and food supplementation.

Green electromembrane extraction procedure based on biodegradable chitosan films for determination of polyphenolic compounds in food samples: Greenness assessment of the sample preparation approach

A simple, rapid and environmentally friendly method for the electromembrane extraction of polyphenolic compounds has been developed using chitosan films (60% (w/w) chitosan, 40% (w/w)-Aliquat®336, 10–11 μm thickness) as biopolymeric membrane. In this work for the first time with this type of chitosan-based support, the use of organic solvents has been completely eliminated, which allows considering the proposed methodology as a green solvent-free procedure, as demonstrated by performing analytical greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep). Under optimal experimental conditions (10 mL donor phase, pH 7; 50 μL acceptor phase, pH 9; 100 V applied voltage for 15 min) high enrichment factors (EF ≥ 60) were obtained for all the target analytes. Wide concentration ranges between 52.8 μg L−1 and 1000 μg L−1, good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.996), low limit of detection (15.9–37.1 μg L−1), and repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) values 4–10%) were achieved. Polyphenolic compounds have been successfully extracted from coffee- and tea-based dietary food supplements in different formats (pills and ampoules). For comparison purposes, target analytes have additionally been determined in green coffee beans and tea.

SEED PRIMING EFFECTS ON SEED QUALITY AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN THE SEEDLINGS OF AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR L.

Amaranthus tricolor L. cv. ‘Valentina’ leaves are a promising source of dietary food supplements (DFS) and are used to prepare tea drinks that improve human health in Russia. Amaranth is a small-seeded crop, and the seed mass differs significantly, which leads to unfriendly shoots and a decrease in the potential productivity of the plant biomass. Pre-sowing treatment with growth stimulants can improve its seed quality. The study aimed to improve the seed quality, the morpho-physiological parameters, and the antioxidant properties of amaranth seedlings grown from seeds treated with plant growth stimulants at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC), Moscow, Russia. For seed treatments, water solutions of salicylic acid (SA - 138 mg/L), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 - 5 mM), succinic acid (ScA - 500 mg/L), calcium chloride (CaCl2 - 3000 mg/L), and gibberellic acid (GA3 - 300 mg/L) were used. Researchers germinated the seeds first in petri dishes in natural light at a daytime temperature of 23±2°C for seven days. Determining amaranthine, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content used generally accepted methods. Pre-sowing treatment of large and small fractions of amaranth seeds with GA3, ScA, and CaCl2 improved the seed quality, whereas seed treatment of SA and H2O2 reduced the seed quality. Recording of antioxidants (amaranthine and carotenoids) and total chlorophyll content accumulation in seedlings grown from the treated seeds followed. The levels of amaranthine and photosynthetic pigments decreased in the seedlings of Amaranthus tricolor L. cv. Valentina seeds with ScA, CaCl2, and GA3 treatments, while the seedling's biomass exceeded that of control, which suggests that these chemicals act as growth regulators. The negative effect of SA on the viability of large (LF) and small (SF) amaranth seeds showed significant reductions in the morphometric indicators. It may be due to oxidative stress, enhancing amaranthine content in the cotyledonary leaves of seedlings.

Comparative Assessment of Bioactive Compounds, Nutritive, Mineral Composition and In-Vitro Bioactivity of Marine Macro Algae Valoniopsis Pachynema and Dictyota Ciliolata

Marine-based nutraceuticals have proved their extensive applications in functional foods and its bioactive molecules play a crucial role as therapeutic agents. The aim of the study is to elucidate in-depth understanding of the nutritional properties and biological activities of the two marine algae. The main objectives of the current study is to comparatively analyse the phytochemicals, nutritional composition and its pharmacological activities of the green and the brown marine macro algae named V.pachynema and D.ciliolata respectively using three different solvents. Additionally, the total chlorophyll content, phenolic content, nutritional, mineral composition, antioxidative and antibacterial activities of the methanolic extract were evaluated. Results showed elemental distribution of V.pachynema in the decreasing order Na &gt; Ca&gt; k &gt; Mg &gt; Fe &gt; Ni&gt; Mn &gt;Co&gt; As &gt; Pb &gt; Cu&gt; Zn &gt; Cr &gt; Cd&gt; Se&gt; V while D.ciliolata in the order of Na &gt; Ca&gt; k &gt; Mg &gt;Ni &gt;Fe&gt; As&gt; Co &gt;Pb&gt; Mn &gt; Zn&gt; Se&gt;Cr&gt; Cd&gt; V&gt;Cu. The relative nutritional composition showed high ash and carbohydrate for both the algae. The percentage composition of ash content was 68.42 ± 0.43% , 37.45 ± 0.26 % (g 100g-1 DW) while carbohydrate content was 50.17± 0.60%, 45.78 ± 0.69% (g 100g-1 DW) for V.pachynema and D.ciliolata respectively. The crude methanolic extract of both the algae were investigated for antioxidant activity with two in vitro antioxidant assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), Phosphomolybdenum (PMB) assays. In addition, Folin–Ciocalteu was used to measure phenolic content (TPC) to determine the antioxidant components. Total phenolic content was found to be highest in V.pachynema 51 GAE 10µg/ml and the methanolic extract of V.pachynema showed higher levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities when compared with D.ciliolata. The tested marine algal extracts exhibited radical scavenging activity that is comparatively dose-dependent to its phenolic concentration. Methanolic extract of the marine algae V.pachynema exhibited better inhibitory activity against gram positive bacterium that are resistant to drugs when compared to the brown algae D.ciliolata. This study enabled a detailed understanding of the nutritional and biochemical composition, free radical scavenging activities of two marine macroalgae. This algal biomass could be potent resources of anti-oxidants and could act as dietary food supplements owing to their rich diversified bioactivities.&#x0D;

Simultaneous Determination of Adulterants in Dietary Food Supplements Using Multivariate Data Analysis after Preconcentration with Novel Nanosorbents and Chromatographic Measurement.

The increasing popularity of dietary supplements and, consequently, related adulteration emphasizes the rising need to examine the association of food supplements with fraud. Intentional or unintentional fraud in food supplements by hazardous chemicals compounds is a problem that many countries are struggling with. Much effort have been made to effectively and reliably control the quality of food supplements. Due to the importance of the subject, an analytical method for the simultaneous and reliable detection and quantitative determination of three key adulterants in dietary food supplements was developed. The proposed method benefits from analytical methods and multivariate calibration methods to progress the determination of adulterants in a complex matrix. HPLC assisted by multivariate curve resolution-alternating least square (MCR-ALS) analysis was used to detect adulterants in real samples after separation and preconcentration using novel mesoporous carbon nanoparticles. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) optimization was accomplished by central composite design (CCD). In order to obtain the best results, the MCR-ALS model was compared with the parallel factor analysis 2 (PARAFAC2) model and validated by estimation of linearity, detection limits, and recovery. The detection limits and linear dynamics were calculated as 1.5, 4.27, and 4.77 µg/mL, and 1-50, 5-20, and 5-20 µg/mL for caffeine, ephedrine, and fluoxetine, respectively. Mean recovery for determination of caffeine, ephedrine, and fluoxetine using the developed method was reported as 101.75, 91.7, and 92.36, respectively. The results showed that to avoid negative health outcomes associated with the excessive consumption of adulterated food supplements releasing such products should be carefully regulated. The developed method was validated using statistical factors and showed acceptable and reliable results. (1) The application of MCR-ALS coupled with HPLC-Diode-Array Detection data sets allowed the simultaneous identification and quantification of three key adulterants (caffeine, ephedrine, and fluoxetine) in dietary food supplements. (2) A small amount of the novel adsorbent was successfully used to preconcentrate the trace amounts of adulterants in samples. (3) This method benefits from the chemometrics tools and experimental design to significantly reduce the use of toxic solvents and complicated instruments to propose a less time-consuming method for quantification of multicomponents in the presence of uncalibrated interferents.

BIO-FORTIFICATION; FUTURE CHALLENGES TOWARD NUTRITIONAL SECURITY: MINI REVIEW

Nutritional deficiency which increasing tremendously during the last two decades creates micronutrients malnutrition is a very common problem especially for women and children in the developing countries. The hidden hunger which is due to malnutrition affecting one in the three people globally. Several efforts like dietary diversification, food supplementation and food fortification have been taken to overcome micronutrients malnutrition of which biofortification is a very promising sustainable approach to reduce the micronutrients malnutrition. The bioavailability of micronutrients provides a very promising effect under bio-fortification. In bio-fortification, apart from the agronomic approach, and plant breeding approach, genetic engineering technology is very useful to increase the micronutrients in the food crops. The bio-fortified crop varieties provide the adequate nutrients to the target people in the developing countries. The bio-fortification which is an innovative crop-based strategy brings big challenge towards nutritional security.

Coffee-Derived Phenolic Compounds Activate Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway in I/R Injury In Vitro Model: A Nutritional Approach Preventing Age Related-Damages.

Age-related injuries are often connected to alterations in redox homeostasis. The imbalance between free radical oxygen species and endogenous antioxidants defenses could be associated with a growing risk of transient ischemic attack and stroke. In this context, a daily supply of dietary antioxidants could counteract oxidative stress occurring during ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R), preventing brain damage. Here we investigated the potential antioxidant properties of coffee-derived circulating metabolites and a coffee pulp phytoextract, testing their efficacy as ROS scavengers in an in vitro model of ischemia. Indeed, the coffee fruit is an important source of phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acids, present both in the brewed seed and in the discarded pulp. Therefore, rat brain endothelial cells, subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and recovery (ogR) to mimic reperfusion, were pretreated or not with coffee by-products. The results indicate that, under OGD/ogR, the ROS accumulation was reduced by coffee by-product. Additionally, the coffee extract activated the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway via Erk and Akt kinases phosphorylation, as shown by increased Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels. The data indicate that the daily intake of coffee by-products as a dietary food supplement represents a potential nutritional strategy to counteract aging.

Determination of Polyphenols Content and Antioxidant Activity of Citrus sinensis Fruit Peel

Citrus fruits have long been qualified as veritable foods in view of the many therapeutic benefits they bring to the body. Several researchers have stud-ied the relationship between the bioactive compounds of Citrus and the health benefits and reduction of the risk of disease. Citrus sinensis, used in the food industry and its extracts have also been used in traditional medicine to activate vital energy, circulation, and weight loss, and appetite control. However, limited efforts have been made on collecting data on antioxidant potential of peels orange from the northern region of Algeria. Our study, therefore, focuses on the evaluation of total polyphenols compounds and in vitro assessment of their antioxidant potential of peels orange from the northern region of Algeria. The ethyl acetate and n-butanolic fractions from peels orange have been tested for their antioxidant activities and their lipid peroxidation inhibiting effects. The total phenolic and flavonoids content showed high levels. The preliminary phytochemical screening of tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, coumarin, and alkaloids was also used. DPPH assay possesses strong potency to scavenge free radicals. The NO. radi-cal scavenging test exerts a good inhibitory effect. Furthermore, orange peels have been shown to suppress the lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid. Results further revealed a strong correlation between antioxidant effects and polyphenolic compounds. The high antioxidant activity of peel orange suggests that it could serve as a good natural antioxidant additive or food dietary supplement.