Abstract
Age-related injuries are often connected to alterations in redox homeostasis. The imbalance between free radical oxygen species and endogenous antioxidants defenses could be associated with a growing risk of transient ischemic attack and stroke. In this context, a daily supply of dietary antioxidants could counteract oxidative stress occurring during ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R), preventing brain damage. Here we investigated the potential antioxidant properties of coffee-derived circulating metabolites and a coffee pulp phytoextract, testing their efficacy as ROS scavengers in an in vitro model of ischemia. Indeed, the coffee fruit is an important source of phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acids, present both in the brewed seed and in the discarded pulp. Therefore, rat brain endothelial cells, subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and recovery (ogR) to mimic reperfusion, were pretreated or not with coffee by-products. The results indicate that, under OGD/ogR, the ROS accumulation was reduced by coffee by-product. Additionally, the coffee extract activated the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway via Erk and Akt kinases phosphorylation, as shown by increased Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels. The data indicate that the daily intake of coffee by-products as a dietary food supplement represents a potential nutritional strategy to counteract aging.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilThe worldwide population is becoming increasingly elderly due to the improvement of medical care
Growing evidence highlights the important role of antioxidant-rich foods as scavengers of free radicals in those conditions characterized by Molecules 2022, 27, 1049 an imbalance between the production of oxidant molecules and the antioxidant defenses
The antioxidant power of coffee might be a resource to prevent oxidative damages induced by cerebral ischemic events, often silent and not diagnosed until potentially life-threatening symptoms become apparent
Summary
The worldwide population is becoming increasingly elderly due to the improvement of medical care. This is accompanied by age-related injury processes often connected to bioenergetic impairments as well as alterations in the reduction–oxidation (redox) homeostasis. In aged-related disease, the upregulation of free radical oxygen species (ROS) generation overcomes the neutralizing capacity of the endogenous antioxidant defense system [3]. This unbalance is associated with risk factors of cerebral vascular disease, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and environmental pollution [4,5]. The ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage, intracellular
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