Dietary Fat Restriction Research Articles

Effect of dairy supplementation on body composition and insulin resistance in mice

Objective This study examined whether yogurt supplementation attenuated the weight gain and insulin resistance in mice fed a moderate-fat diet. Methods Nine-week-old male mice (F1 BTBR × C57Bl6/J) were housed individually for the duration of the study. After initial measurements of body weight and composition, mice were randomly assigned to receive one of two isocaloric diets (19.4% kcal protein, 45.5% kcal carbohydrate, and 35.1% kcal fat). One diet was supplemented with dried yogurt powder (10.75 g/100 g of diet). In the first experiment, mice received the diets for 4 wk, after which body weight and body composition were reassessed. In the second experiment, an insulin tolerance test was performed at week 4 and glucose uptake in gonadal fat was assessed at week 5. Results Baseline body weight was not significantly different between control and yogurt mice ( P = 0.85). Body weight and fat mass increased significantly over time ( P < 0.001) and there was a significant effect of diet on the increase in body weight ( P < 0.05) and fat mass ( P < 0.001), with the yogurt mice gaining less weight and fat than the control mice. Food intake was not significantly affected by the yogurt supplementation ( P = 0.906). Digestive efficiency was significantly lower in the yogurt mice ( P < 0.05) due to greater fecal production ( P < 0.01). There was no significant effect of diet on the glucose area under the curve during the insulin tolerance test ( P = 0.24). Glucose uptake in the gonadal fat was significantly higher in the yogurt mice than in controls under basal ( P < 0.05) and insulin-stimulated ( P < 0.05) conditions. Conclusion Yogurt supplementation resulted in less weight and fat gain in mice fed isocaloric diets due to a decrease in digestive efficiency. Yogurt also enhanced the uptake of glucose in fat but did not significantly improve insulin sensitivity.

Exercise improves glucose homeostasis that has been impaired by a high-fat diet by potentiating pancreatic β-cell function and mass through IRS2 in diabetic rats

In this study, we investigated the effects of a high-fat diet and exercise on pancreatic beta-cell function and mass and its molecular mechanism in 90% pancreatectomized male rats. The pancreatectomized diabetic rats were given control diets (20% energy) or a high-fat (HF) diet (45% energy) for 12 wk. Half of each group was given regular exercise on an uphill treadmill at 20 m/min for 30 min 5 days/wk. HF diet lowered first-phase insulin secretion with glucose loading, whereas exercise training reversed this decrease. However, second-phase insulin secretion did not differ among the groups. Exercise increased pancreatic beta-cell mass. This resulted from stimulated beta-cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis, which is associated with potentiated insulin or IGF-I signaling through insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS2) induction. Although the HF diet resulted in decreased proliferation and accelerated apoptosis by weakened insulin and IGF-I signaling from reduction of IRS2 protein, beta-cell mass was maintained in HF rats just as much as in control rats via increased individual beta-cell size and neogenesis from precursor cells. Consistent with the results of beta-cell proliferation, pancreas duodenal homeobox-1 expression increased in the islets of rats in the exercise groups, and it was reduced the most in rats fed the HF diet. In conclusion, exercise combined with a moderate fat diet is a good way to maximize beta-cell function and mass through IRS2 induction to alleviate the diabetic condition. This study suggests that dietary fat contents and exercise modulate beta-cell function and mass to overcome insulin resistance in two different pathways.

Relative fat oxidation is higher in children than adults.

BackgroundPrepubescent children may oxidize fatty acids more readily than adults. Therefore, dietary fat needs would be higher for children compared with adults. The dietary fat recommendations are higher for children 4 to 18 yrs (i.e., 25 to 35% of energy) compared with adults (i.e., 20 to 35% of energy). Despite this, many parents and children restrict dietary fat for health reasons.MethodsThis study assessed whether rates of fat oxidation are similar between prepubescent children and adults. Ten children (8.7 ± 1.4 yr, 33 ± 13 kg mean ± SD) in Tanner stage 1 and 10 adults (41.6 ± 8 yr, 74 ± 13 kg) were fed a weight maintenance diet for three days to maintain body weight and to establish a consistent background for metabolic rate measurements (all foods provided). Metabolic rate was measured on three separate occasions before and immediately after breakfast and for 9 hrs using a hood system (twice) or a room calorimeter (once) where continuous metabolic measurements were taken.ResultsDuring all three sessions whole body fat oxidation was higher in children (lower RQ) compared to adults (mean RQ= 0.84 ± .016 for children and 0.87 ± .02, for adults, p < 0.02). Although, total grams of fat oxidized was similar in children (62.7 ± 20 g/24 hrs) compared to adults (51.4 ± 19 g/24 hrs), the grams of fat oxidized relative to calorie expenditure was higher in children (0.047 ± .01 g/kcal, compared to adults (0.032 ± .01 p < 0.02). Females oxidized more fat relative to calorie expenditure than males of a similar age. A two way ANOVA showed no interaction between gender and age in terms of fax oxidation.ConclusionThese data suggest that fat oxidation relative to total calorie expenditure is higher in prepubescent children than in adults. Consistent with current dietary guidelines, a moderate fat diet is appropriate for children within the context of a diet that meets their energy and nutrient needs.

Cardiovascular diseases and red meat

Cardiovascular diseases and red meat

A randomized clinical trial of a standard versus vegetarian diet for weight loss: the impact of treatment preference

With obesity rampant, methods to achieve sustained weight loss remain elusive. To compare the long-term weight-loss efficacy of 2 cal and fat-restricted diets, standard (omnivorous) versus lacto-ovo-vegetarian, and to determine the effect of a chosen diet versus an assigned diet. A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 176 adults who were sedentary and overweight (mean body mass index, 34.0 kg/m(2)). Participants were first randomly assigned to either receive their preferred diet or be assigned to a diet group and second, were given their diet of preference or randomly assigned to a standard weight-loss diet or a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet. Participants underwent a university-based weight-control program consisting of daily dietary and exercise goals plus 12 months of behavioral counseling followed by a 6-month maintenance phase. Percentage change in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, low- and high-density lipoprotein, glucose, insulin and macronutrient intake. The program was completed by 132 (75%) of the participants. At 18 months, mean percentage weight loss was greater (P=0.01) in the two groups that were assigned a diet (standard, 8.0% (s.d., 7.8%); vegetarian, 7.9% (s.d., 8.1%)) than in those provided the diet of their choice (standard, 3.9% (s.d., 6.1%); vegetarian, 5.3% (s.d., 6.2%)). No difference was observed in weight loss between the two types of diet. Over the 18-month program, all groups showed significant weight loss. Participants assigned to their dietary preference did not have enhanced treatment outcomes. However, all groups lost weight with losses ranging from 4 to 8% at 18 months.

Flaxseed Supplementation and/or Dietary Fat Restriction Alters Fatty Acid Profiles in the Diet, Erythrocytes, and Prostatic Tissue in Men with Prostate Cancer

Flaxseed Supplementation and/or Dietary Fat Restriction Alters Fatty Acid Profiles in the Diet, Erythrocytes, and Prostatic Tissue in Men with Prostate Cancer

Dietary advice for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults.

While initial dietary management immediately after formal diagnosis is an 'accepted' cornerstone of treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a formal and systematic overview of its efficacy and method of delivery is not currently available. To assess the effects of type and frequency of different types of dietary advice for adults with type 2 diabetes. We carried out a comprehensive search of The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, bibliographies and contacted relevant experts. All randomised controlled trials, of six months or longer, in which dietary advice was the main intervention. The lead investigator performed all data extraction and quality scoring with duplication being carried out by one of the other six investigators independently with discrepancies resolved by discussion and consensus. Authors were contacted for missing data. Thirty-six articles reporting a total of eighteen trials following 1467 participants were included. Dietary approaches assessed in this review were low-fat/high-carbohydrate diets, high-fat/low-carbohydrate diets, low-calorie (1000 kcal per day) and very-low-calorie (500 kcal per day) diets and modified fat diets. Two trials compared the American Diabetes Association exchange diet with a standard reduced fat diet and five studies assessed low-fat diets versus moderate fat or low-carbohydrate diets. Two studies assessed the effect of a very-low-calorie diet versus a low-calorie diet. Six studies compared dietary advice with dietary advice plus exercise and three other studies assessed dietary advice versus dietary advice plus behavioural approaches. The studies all measured weight and measures of glycaemic control although not all studies reported these in the articles published. Other outcomes which were measured in these studies included mortality, blood pressure, serum cholesterol (including LDL and HDL cholesterol), serum triglycerides, maximal exercise capacity and compliance. The results suggest that adoption of regular exercise is a good way to promote better glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients, however all of these studies were at high risk of bias. There are no high quality data on the efficacy of the dietary treatment of type 2 diabetes, however the data available indicate that the adoption of exercise appears to improve glycated haemoglobin at six and twelve months in people with type 2 diabetes. There is an urgent need for well-designed studies which examine a range of interventions, at various points during follow-up, although there is a promising study currently underway.

Gallbladder disease in Shetland Sheepdogs: 38 cases (1995–2005)

To determine risk, clinical features, and treatment responses for gallbladder disorders in Shetland Sheepdogs. Retrospective case-control study. 38 Shetland Sheepdogs with gallbladder disease. Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, physical findings, laboratory results, imaging features, coexistent illnesses, histologic findings, treatments, and survival rates. Mature dogs with gastrointestinal signs were predisposed (odds ratio, 7.2) to gallbladder disorders. Gallbladder mucocele was confirmed in 25 dogs. Concurrent problems included pancreatitis, hyperlipidemia, corticosteroid excess, hypothyroidism, protein-losing nephropathy, diabetes mellitus, cholelithiasis, and gallbladder dysmotility. Mortality rate was 68% with and 32% without bile peritonitis. Nonsurvivors had high WBC and neutrophil count and low potassium concentration. Although preprandial hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and high serum liver enzyme activities were common, gallbladder disease was serendipitously discovered in 11 of 38 dogs. Histologic examination (n=20 dogs) revealed gallbladder cystic mucosal hyperplasia in 20 dogs, cholecystitis in 16, periportal hepatitis in 9, and vacuolar hepatopathy in 7. Surgery included cholecystectomy (n=17) and cholecystoenterostomy (4). In 1 hyperlipidemic dog without clinical signs, gallbladder mucocele resolved 6 months after beginning use of a fat-restricted diet and ursodeoxycholic acid. Shetland Sheepdogs are predisposed to gallbladder disorders, with mucoceles and concurrent dyslipidemia or dysmotility in many affected dogs. Most dogs were without clinical signs during mucocele development. Low survival rate after cholecystectomy in clinically affected dogs suggested that preemptive surgical interventions may be a more appropriate treatment strategy.

Impact of flaxseed supplementation and dietary fat restriction on prostate cancer proliferation and other biomarkers: Results of a Phase II randomized controlled trial (RCT) using a presurgical model

1510 Background: Diet may play a key role in the etiology of prostate cancer (PC). Dietary fat restriction (DFR) and flaxseed supplementation (FS) may reduce risk, though results are mixed. We undertook an RCT to test the comparative effects of these dietary regimens on the biology of the prostate and other biomarkers. Methods: PC patients (N=161) scheduled ≥ 21 days prior to prostatectomy were block randomized on race (black vs non-black) and biopsy Gleason sum (&lt;7 vs 7+) to these diets: 1) control; 2) FS (30 g/day); 2) DFR (&lt;20% total energy); or 4) FS+DFR. Blood was drawn upon accrual and prior to surgery and analyzed for prostate specific antigen (PSA), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone (T), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), c- reactive protein (CRP), and total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC &amp; LDL-C). Proliferation (MIB-1) and apoptosis (TUNEL) was assessed in the malignant and benign prostate. Results: Complete data were collected on 93% of the sample; mean length on protocol was 30 days. Median MIB-1 positive (+) cells/total nuclei ratios were: 1=2.38;2=1.71;3=2.93;4=1.58. Primary analyses suggest a significant protective effect (p=0.016) of FS. Secondary analyses of MIB-1 + nuclei (controlling for total cell counts) show increased proliferation with DFR (p=.017), and a significant interaction with FS and DFR (p&lt;.0001). No differences were observed between groups with regard to PC apoptosis, and histology of benign tissue. No differences were observed between arms for PSA, SHBG, T, IGF1, IGFBP3 or CRP. Significant differences were observed between arms for changes in serum lipids and body weight [ΔTC = +9/-26/-46/-37 mg/dL; ΔLDLC = -14/-17/-29/-21 mg/dL and Δ weight = +0.3/-1.3/-1.7/-1.1 kg (p’s&lt;.05)]; effects were attributed to DFR and not FS. Side effects did not differ between arms Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that FS is safe and exerts a protective effect (main effect or via interaction with DFR) on PC. Data also provide further support of DFR for cardiovascular disease, though its role in PC is less clear. Further controlled analyses and additional studies are needed to confirm findings. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

How durable are behavioral changes? Results from FRESH START: A randomized controlled trial to improve diet and exercise behaviors in breast and prostate cancer survivors

9019 Background: A healthy diet and regular exercise may improve the health, well-being and ultimate survival of cancer survivors. Last year, results of the FRESH START trial (n=543) were presented at ASCO; significant improvements in diet and exercise behaviors of breast and prostate cancer survivors were observed with two 10-month mailed print interventions - one that was sequentially- tailored and another using non-tailored print materials in the public domain (attention control). While both arms achieved significant improvements, those receiving the tailored intervention reported significantly greater changes (all p-values &lt;.05). The durability of these changes, however, is not known. Methods: At 2-year follow-up, and after a 12-month wash-out, telephone surveys that were conducted at baseline and post-intervention (Diet History Questionnaire and 7-Day Physical Activity Recall) were repeated. Results: Ordinary Least Square analysis suggest that changes from baseline largely remain significant at 2-year follow-up for both interventions (see table ). Moreover, significant differences between arms are observed for dietary fat restriction and the practice of more lifestyle behaviors at goal level [i.e., consumption of ≥ 5 servings/day of fruits &amp; vegetables (F&amp;V), &lt; 30% kcal from fat, and &gt;150 min/week of exercise], with the tailored intervention arm achieving levels superior to those achieved in the attention control arm. Conclusions: Tailored and untailored interventions delivered over a 10-month period to cancer survivors exert durable effects on several lifestyle behaviors. However, the effects of the tailored intervention were initially more powerful and largely sustained over time (especially, with regard dietary fat restriction). No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]

Effect of Diet on Intramyocellular Lipid Content and Subsequent Performance in Endurance-Trained Runners

PURPOSE: This study determined whether low dietary fat would result in decreased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and impaired endurance performance in well-trained runners. METHODS: Eleven male (27±3y, 69.8±1.5kg, VO2max=63.7±1.9ml/kg/min) and ten female (29±3y, 56.2±1.5kg, VO2max=53.2±1 .7ml/kg/min) runners followed a controlled diet and training regimen for 3 days prior to consuming either a low-fat (10% fat, LFAT) or isoenergic moderate-fat (35% fat, MFAT) diet for another 3 days in random cross-over fashion. On day 7, runners followed a glycogen loading protocol (designed to equalize glycogen stores between diets) and then underwent performance testing (90-minute run at 65% VO2max followed by a 10-k time trial) on the morning of day 8, 3-h after consuming a control breakfast. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and after the performance test. IMCL content was assessed via electron microscopy and glycogen content assessed via biochemical analysis. RESULTS: Despite significantly higher IMCL stores (volume % =3.8±0.2% MFAT and 3.1 ±0.2% LFAT, p=0.048, diet*time) and similar glycogen stores at the start of the time trial, 10-k performance was not different between treatments (43.5±1.4 min LFAT; 43.7±1.2 min MFAT). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that alterations in IMCL via diet do not appear to influence endurance performance lasting ∼133 minutes.

Effects of a fat load and exercise on asymptomatic VLCAD deficiency

The patient was identified via family screening at the age of 3 years when very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency was diagnosed in his sister by newborn screening. Enzyme and molecular analyses confirmed VLCAD-deficiency (VLCADD). Until the age of 8 years no severe illnesses occurred and the patient was completely asymptomatic without a fat-reduced and fat-modified diet. On regular follow-up, creatine kinase (CK) and liver transaminases were always in the normal range. A long-chain fat load with 1.5 g/kg body weight did not result in clinical symptoms, nor in elevation of CK or liver transaminases. At the age of 8 years, the patient for the first time complained of recurrent muscle pain after exercise. CK concentrations were elevated up to 20,000 U/L during one of these episodes. Medium-chain fat was supplemented. With a medium-chain fat-rich meal directly before exercise, muscle pain after exercise clearly decreased. In asymptomatic mild VLCADD, a fat-reduced diet may not be necessary, whereas in later infancy and adolescence, strenuous physical exercise may require additional energy from medium-chain fat.

Lower-extremity lymphedema following neck dissection – an uncommon complication after cervical ligation of the thoracic duct

Thoracic duct injuries and chylous fistula are well-known complications of neck dissection, occurring in 1-2% of cases. Management of these injuries can be conservative or operative. Conservative treatment consists of fat restricted diet or total parenteral nutrition reducing the volume of chyle production. Operative management includes exploration of the neck or if necessary open thoracotomy to ligate the thoracic duct. Following cervical thoracic duct ligation only few complications like chylothorax or chylous ascites are described in the literature. To the best authors knowledge, this is the first report in the english literature describing lower-extremity lymphedema following cervical thoracic duct ligation.

Effect on 24-h energy expenditure of a moderate-fat diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids compared with that of a low-fat, carbohydrate-rich diet: a 6-mo controlled dietary intervention trial

Background:Dietary fat has a lower thermogenic effect than does carbohydrate. A moderate-fat diet, high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA diet), may decrease energy expenditure (EE) and thereby induce weight gain.Objective:We aimed to compare changes in 24-h EE and substrate oxidation after a 6-mo controlled dietary intervention with either a MUFA or a low-fat (LF) diet.Design:Twenty-seven overweight [body mass index (in kg/m2): 28.1 ± 0.4] nondiabetic subjects aged 18–36 y followed an 8-wk low-calorie diet and a 2-wk weight-stabilizing diet and then were randomly assigned to a MUFA (n= 12) or LF (n= 15) diet for 6 mo. Substrate oxidation and 24-h EE were measured by whole-body indirect calorimetry. The first measurement (0 mo) was taken during the weight-stabilizing diet, and the second measurement was taken after the 6-mo intervention.Results:A tendency was seen toward a lower 24-h EE with the MUFA than with the LF diet (P= 0.0675), but this trend did not remain after adjustment for the initial loses of fat mass and fat-free mass (P= 0.2963). Meal-induced thermogenesis was significantly (P< 0.05) lower with the MUFA than with the LF diet, but no time × treatment interaction was found. A significant (P= 0.0456) treatment × time interaction was found for spontaneous physical activity.Conclusion:Despite a slightly lower meal-induced thermogenesis, the MUFA diet had an effect on 24-h EE that was not significantly different from that of the LF diet after a 6-mo controlled dietary intervention.

Inverse Relationship between Lipid-lowering Drugs and Saturated Fat Intake in US Adults

While lipid-lowering drugs reduce cardiovascular risk, there is concern that their use may discourage dietary restriction of saturated fat (SF). The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the association between taking lipid-lowering drugs and SF intake. We analyzed cross-sectional data on cholesterol and diet from 6,473 adult respondents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002. Respondents were classified into three groups: (1) no history of high cholesterol (Desirable Cholesterol or DC), (2) history of high cholesterol without current drug treatment (Non-Drug Treated or NDT), and (3) history of high cholesterol with active lipid-lowering medication use (Drug-Treated or DT). Regression models were used to compare the mean percentage of daily kilocalories from SF among the three groups while controlling for confounders. Unadjusted analyses revealed significantly lower mean daily intake of SF (% of Kcal/day) among DT respondents compared to both DC (-.40 SF; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], -0.71 to -0.08) and NDT respondents [-.36 SF; CI, -0.79 to 0.06]. The complete multivariate model controlling for all covariates (age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, current smoking, alcohol use, BMI, physical activity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension) attenuated the relationship compared to D (-.35 SF, CI -0.7 to -0.01) and NDT (-.25 SF, CI -0.62 to 0.12) individuals. Taking lipid-lowering medications is associated with a lower intake of SF. However, a prospective study of diet and medication use is needed to definitively evaluate the relationship between lipid-lowering medications and SF intake.

Restriction of dietary calories, fat and iron improves non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease

The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is unclear. Recent studies suggested that oxidative stress plays an important role in the mechanism of NASH. Excessive accumulation of iron in the liver causes oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the grade of hepatic iron accumulation and the therapeutic response to restriction of calories, fat and iron in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Twenty-seven NAFLD patients were enrolled. The patients were categorized into two groups: 17 patients with NASH and 10 with simple steatosis. Twelve NAFLD patients (NASH, n = 9; simple steatosis, n = 3) were given a dietary prescription including restriction of energy, fat and iron. Positive iron staining was observed in 71% and 50% of patients with NASH and simple steatosis, respectively. The average energy intake, fat energy fraction and iron intake decreased significantly 6 months after the beginning of the diet in all patients. In addition, the levels of serum transaminase and ferritin were significantly decreased. Dietary restriction of calories, fat and iron improved NAFLD. Reduced serum ferritin levels appear to reduce oxidative stress in the liver.

Bone metabolism under dietary fat restrictions in growing rats

Bone metabolism under dietary fat restrictions in growing rats

식이 지방이 췌장 90%를 제거한 당뇨 흰쥐의 인슐린 분비능과 췌장 베타세포의 양에 미치는 영향

The prevalence of diabetes has increased to 8% of population. Unlike type 2 diabetes in the western countries, Korean diabetic patients are nonobese and have low serum insulin levels. As the increased prevalence of diabetes and the peculiar characteristics may be related to dietary fat contents, we determined their effects on insulin resistance, insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell mass in 90% pancreatectomized (Px) diabetic rats in the present study. The rats were provided with low fat diet (LF, 10 energy% fat), moderate fat diet (MF, 25 energy% fat) and high fat diet (HF, 40 energy% fat) for 6 months. HF increased body weight and epidydimal fat pads parallel with increased food intake compared to LF and MF. Fasting serum glucose and insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were higher in HF, compared to LF and MF, indicating that HF increased insulin resistance. Rats fed LF and MF diets reduced insulin resistance, but only rats fed MF improved pancreatic β-cell mass and insulin secretion capacity, measured by hyperglycemic clamp and in situ pancreatic perfusion. LF had low insulin secretion capacity and pancreatic β-cell mass, indicating the increased possibility of diabetic prevalence and progression. MF increased β-cell mass by stimulating β-cell proliferation and neogenesis and reducing β-cell apoptosis. In conclusion, MF is effective for the prevention of prevalence and progression of diabetes.

Better dietary adherence and weight maintenance achieved by a long-term moderate-fat diet

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of a long-term moderate-fat diet (30 % energy from fat) v. a low-fat one (20 % energy from fat) on metabolic risks. The study was a randomised, prospective 14-month trial on overweight and obese patients (eighty-nine overweight and obese men and women). The intervention was a moderate-fat diet (30 % energy) or a low-fat diet (20 % energy). The main outcome measurements were change in body weight, waist circumference, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, TAG, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Forty-five subjects on the moderate-fat diet and forty-four subjects on the low-fat one were studied. Characteristics of all randomised participants were similar in both groups. After 7 months, the moderate- and low-fat diets had similar effects on cardiovascular risks. The moderate-fat diet was more successful after 14 months in reducing weight ( -5.0 (SD 2.5) kg in the moderate-fat group v. -1.2 (SD 1.1) kg in the low-fat one; P < 0.0001), waist circumference (-5.5 (SD 2.4) cm in the moderate-fat group v. - 2.3 (SD 1.3) cm in the low-fat one; P < 0.0001), and other cardiovascular risk factors as well (LDL, TAG, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure). In conclusion, a moderate-fat energy-restricted diet in the long term might have more beneficial effects on weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors compared with a low-fat diet. Better dietary adherence with the moderate-fat diet may be the reason for its successful effects.

Towards a “new beginning”: dietary fat restrictions in infancy?

Acta PaediatricaVolume 89, Issue 1 p. 2-4 Towards a “new beginning”: dietary fat restrictions in infancy? R Kleinman, Corresponding Author R Kleinman Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Nutrition Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USAR Kleinman, Pediatric Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, VBK-107, Boston MA 02114-2696, USA (Tel. +1 617 726 2930, fax. +1 617 724 2710)Search for more papers by this author R Kleinman, Corresponding Author R Kleinman Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Nutrition Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USAR Kleinman, Pediatric Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, VBK-107, Boston MA 02114-2696, USA (Tel. +1 617 726 2930, fax. +1 617 724 2710)Search for more papers by this author First published: 02 January 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb01175.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume89, Issue1January 2000Pages 2-4 RelatedInformation