Dietary Enzyme Research Articles

Feeding value of rice distiller's dried grains with solubles as protein supplement in diet of laying hens.

A feeding trial of 10 weeks duration was undertaken on laying hens (n = 240) to evaluate feeding value of rice distiller's dried grains with soluble (rDDGS) with or without enzyme supplementation (α-amylase, β-glucanase, xylanase, carboxymethylcellulase, pectinase, proteinase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, lipase, and phytase), following 4 × 2 factorial design, on egg production, nutrient utilization, and cost economics of egg production. The birds were randomly assigned to eight dietary treatments with 30 birds/treatment. The birds were housed individually in layer cages and each bird was taken as an experimental unit. Eight experimental diets were prepared by incorporating four levels (0, 50, 75, and 100 g/kg) of rDDGS with and without enzyme supplementation. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.01) increase of egg mass, feed intake, egg production, and body weight gain in dietary treatments with up to 75 g rDDGS though the values were statistically similar to the hens fed 100 g rDDGS. Enzyme supplementation resulted in significant (P < 0.01) improvement of egg mass, egg production, feed conversion ratio (FCR) per dozen eggs, FCR per kilogramme egg mass, and net FCR. The significantly (P < 0.01) higher yolk index was observed at 100 g rDDGS level, while shell thickness improved significantly (P < 0.01) up to 75 g rDDGS level. No significant effect of rDDGS inclusion was observed on shape index, albumin index, and Haugh unit. Enzyme supplementation significantly improved the shell thickness and yolk colour of eggs. Nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus retention and dry matter metabolizability did not show any significant treatment effects. There was significant (P < 0.01) reduction in feed-cost per kilogramme egg mass or per dozen eggs with the increased DDGS levels and dietary enzyme supplementation. It was concluded that rDDGS can be used up to 100 g/kg diet of laying hens along with enzyme supplementation for better productivity of layer hens.

INFLUENCE OF USING SUGARCANE BAGASSE AND SUGAR BEET PULP WITH OR WITHOUT ENZYMES IN RABBIT DIETS: 1- ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using different levels of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and sugar beet pulp (SBP) with or without enzyme in diets of growing APRI line rabbits on the productive performance. One hundred and forty-four APRI rabbits were divided randomly into nine experimental groups of 16 rabbits each (8 males + 8 females) of 5 weeks of age with an average live body weight of (723 ± 2 gm.), were used in this study. The following 9 diets were obtained: control (0% Sugarcane Bagasse and Sugar Beet Pulp), SCB50 diet (Sugarcane Bagasse replace to 50% Berseem hay), SCB100 diet (Sugarcane Bagasse replace to 100% Berseem hay), SCB50E diet (Sugarcane Bagasse replace to 50% Berseem hay with Kemzyme), SCB100E diet (Sugarcane Bagasse replace to 100% Berseem hay with Kemzyme), SBP50 diet (Sugar Beet Pulp replace to 50% Berseem hay), SBP100 diet (Sugar Beet Pulp replace to 100% Berseem hay), SBP50E diet (Sugar Beet Pulp replace to 50% Berseem hay with Kemzyme) and SBP100E diet (Sugar Beet Pulp replace to 100% Berseem hay with Kemzyme). All diets were nearly isonitrogenous, iso-caloric and contained similar levels of crude fiber and micro elements. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in body weight between rabbits fed SBP diet and rabbits fed control diet, while those fed SCB diet had the lowest body weight. Using Kemzyme increased the body weight insignificantly, except in weeks 10, 11 and 12, which Kemzyme significantly (P<0.05) increased body weight. During the whole experimental period (5-13 weeks of age), rabbits fed SCB diets recorded significantly the lower daily weight gain, as compared with those fed SBP and control diet (23.56 vs. 25.43 and 25.41 g, P<0.001, respectively). Supplementing Kemzyme in diets had no significant differences on daily weight gain in all experimental periods. Feed intake in the whole period (5-13 weeks of age) significantly decreased by 3.5 and 5.1% for rabbits fed SBP and SCB diets, respectively, as compared with those fed control diet. Moreover, feed intake was decreased by 1.95% with adding Kemzyme during the whole experimental period. Feed conversion ratio was significantly improved with rabbits fed SBP diets, as compared with those fed control diet. Moreover, rabbits fed diets supplemented with Kemzyme improved the feed conversion ratio by 3.36%, as compared with those fed diets without Kemzyme. No significant differences could be observed in mortality percentage due to fiber source (AL, SCB and SBP) or enzyme supplementation in diets.

Growth performance, carcass traits, and blood biochemistry of broiler chicks fed with low-fibre sunflower meal and phytase

This study was designed to evaluate the impact of graded replacements of soybean meal (SBM) with low-fibre sunflower meal (LF-SFM), with and without phytase supplementation, on growth performance, carcass traits, and plasma profile of broilers. A total of 800 mixed sex one-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to eight dietary treatment groups (five replicates each) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, including four levels of LF-SFM (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% to replace SBM) and two levels of microbial phytase (0 or 0.2 g/kg diet). Feed conversion ratio (FCR), and bodyweight gain (BWG) were decreased significantly if LF-SFM replaced more than 25% SBM. There was no significant effect between the interaction of the main factors (LF-SFM × phytase) on growth performance during the starter, grower, finisher and the overall period. The addition of phytase had no beneficial effects on performance traits. Carcass traits were not influenced by feeding LF-SFM or enzyme addition. However, increasing the level of LF-SFM (50% and 75%, respectively) in diets reduced the abdominal fat, whereas the weight of the small intestine was increased. Plasma metabolic profile was not affected by LF-SFM levels in broiler diets, except for high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (T-Cho), which were not affected by the dietary enzyme. It is concluded that the diets with LF-SFM levels up to 25% generated growth performance and carcass traits comparable with the diet that contained SBM. Keywords: Cobb 500, digestive organs, enzyme, growth traits, low-fibre sunflower meal, plasma profile

Dietary Enzyme Supplementation in Duck Nutrition: A review

SUMMARY Ducks have traditionally been a relatively small component of the global poultry industry but recent growth has been noted. As consumption has risen worldwide, the efficiency of duck meat production has become increasingly important. The nutritional formula is a critical economic factor because feed accounts for a major portion of the cost of raising poultry. The determination of optimal duck nutrition is necessary to attain the best live performance for ducks to maximize the productivity of duck meat. However, our understanding of the effects of feed additives in duck diets is still far behind our understanding of that in chickens. Enzyme additives in animal feed have been used in the poultry industry since the late 1980s, but there has been a lack of research effort into how enzymes can be applied in the duck industry. This review synthesizes the available information regarding enzyme studies with ducks. After reviewing the available information, it is concluded that it is worth further examination of how enzymes can be used to improve duck nutrition in the future. Enzyme studies are important because they are useful tools for improving the duck meat industry by allowing more efficient utilization of nutrients in feedstuffs and reducing the negative impacts of detrimental components in standard and alternative feed ingredients.

치어기 참다랑어(Thunnus thynnus) 사료 내 주단백질원료로써 효소처리어분의 효과

This study was conducted to estimate effects of a dietary enzyme treated fish meal (EFM) as a major protein source on growth, feed utilization and digestive enzyme activities of bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus. In the first feeding trial (trial 1), total one hundred juvenile Atlantic bluefin tuna (body weight: 0.68g) were randomly stocked into two concrete tanks (69 tones) and fed two experimental diets for 15 days. The two diets were EFM-based diet and frozen sand lance (SL) as a raw fish feed. Weight gain was not significantly different between tuna fed EFM and SL. In the second feeding trial (trial 2), total thirty juvenile bluefin tuna (initial body weight 10.7g) were randomly stocked into the same experimental tanks and fed two diets for 14 days. The diets were EFM based diet and sardine fish meal based diet (FM). Weight gain was higher in fish fed EFM than that of fish fed FM. Feed intake was higher in fish fed FM than that of fish fed EFM. This study indicates that the dietary EFM could be an excellent protein source that can be used for Atlantic bluefin tuna feeds.

Impact of Dietary Enzymes Prepared at Ensiling (ZADO®) on Productivity, Blood Metabolites and Enzymes Activity in Commercial Laying Hens

Impact of Dietary Enzymes Prepared at Ensiling (ZADO®) on Productivity, Blood Metabolites and Enzymes Activity in Commercial Laying Hens

Penggunaan Bungkil Inti Sawit dan Enzim Mannanase dalam Ransum terhadap Performa Produksi Telur Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Noferdiman et al, 2019. The use of palm kernel meal and mannanase enzyme in diets on the production performance of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) . JLSO 8(1):11-19.The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the levels of palm kernel meal and mannanase enzyme in diets to get the best performance of quails. It was used the 180 female quails in treatment combination using the completely randomized design in factorial arrangement of 2 x 3 with 3 replications. Each unit study consisted of 10 quails. The treatment consisted of 2 levels of mannanase enzyme, i.e. 0.00, 0.10 % and 3 levels of palm kernel meal additions, i.e. 0, 10 and 20 %. The results of the study showed that the use of mannanase enzyme and palm kernel meal and their interaction were no significant (P&gt;0.05) affected feed consumption, eggs production, feed conversion, egg weight, egg shell thickness, and haugh unit (HU). The use of mannanase enzyme highly significant (P&lt;0.01) affected on eggs production and feed conversion however there were no interaction between the treatments. It was concluded that the addition of 0.10 % of mannanase enzyme in diets consisting 20% palm kernel meal can improve the performance egg production of quails.

Nutritional value of distillers dried grains with solubles from corn and sorghum and xylanase in diets for pigs

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the digestibility and energy of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from corn and sorghum with or without xylanase enzyme in diets for pigs. The values of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), gross (GE), digestible (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and digestibility coefficients (DC) were determined. In the experiment 1, we used eight barrows of 26.15±3.45 kg with repeated measures [...]

Evaluation of metabolizable energy content of corn distillers dried grain with solubles in adult cockerels with dietary enzyme supplementation

Evaluation of metabolizable energy content of corn distillers dried grain with solubles in adult cockerels with dietary enzyme supplementation

Supplementation of macroalgae together with non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in diets enhanced growth performance, innate immune indexes, and disease resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus

Macroalgae with high nutritional value are a potential ingredient for aquafeed. However, the presence of anti-nutritional factors such as non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in macroalgae prevents their application. The present study was conducted to investigate whether the supplementation of exogenous NSP-degrading enzymes in macroalgae-containing diets can avoid the above disadvantage in the rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus. Seven isoproteic (32%) and isolipidic (8%) diets (D1–D7) were prepared for the culture of rabbitfish juveniles lasting 10 weeks. D1 without macroalgae and NSP-degrading enzymes were used as control diet, D2–D4 contained 12% dry powder of macroalgae Ulva prolifera, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, or Ulva pertusa, respectively, while D5–D7 were supplemented with 0.05% NSP-degrading enzymes on the base of D2–D4. The results showed that the growth performance of fish-fed D5–D7 displayed as good as those fed D1 and was significantly higher than those fed D2–D4 (P 0.05). By the end of the growth trial, 60 fish from each dietary group were subjected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge by intra-peritoneally injection at 105 cfu mL−1 and 0.01 mL g−1 body mass. The survival at day 15 post-challenge in fish-fed D4–D7 was significantly higher than those fed D1. The results demonstrated that macroalgae can be used as a dietary ingredient for S. canaliculatus at 12% when supplemented with 0.05% NSP-degrading enzymes. Moreover, the addition of macroalgae in diet can improve the innate immune capability of S. canaliculatus and enhance the disease resistance against V. parahaemolyticus.

Effect of pawpaw (&lt;em&gt;Carica papaya&lt;/em&gt;) leaf meal and dietary enzymes on broiler performance, digestibility, carcass and blood composition

Exogenous enzymes and phytogenic feed additives are proposed as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. This study assessed the effect of pawpaw leaf meal (PLM) inclusion and enzyme (E) supplementation in the diet of broiler chickens. In total 288 Arbor-Acre day-old broiler chickens were used. Four diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous: diet 1, control (0% PLM, 0% E), diet 2 (0% PLM, 0.05% E), diet 3 (5% PLM, 0% E), and diet 4 (5% PLM, 0.05% E). Each diet was replicated six times with 12 chickens in each batch. E improved (p &lt; 0.05) the body weight gain at three weeks. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract and ash digestibility were improved (p &lt; 0.05) with E, whereas PLM inclusion produced (p &lt; 0.05) an increase in DM and CP digestibility. The E x PLM effect was significant (p &lt; 0.05) for DM and CP digestibility. E improved (p &lt; 0.05) the slaughter weight and reduced the liver weight. Platelets varied across diets and increased (p &lt; 0.05) with enzyme supplementation. E reduced (p &lt; 0.05) low-density lipoproteins (LDL), whereas PLM reduced (p &lt; 0.05) cholesterol and LDL. In conclusion, the association of E and PLM improved chicken growth, and E or PLM inclusion should benefit chicken health.

Clutch formation and nest activities by the setting hen synchronize chick emergence with intestinal development to foster viability

The fertile hen collects eggs in a nest to form her clutch. The egg’s asymmetrical ellipsoid shape encourages placement blunt end up. Chalaza formation centralizes ovum in the egg while its high lipid favors upward positioning as early rotations interface germ with outer thin and access its glucose. Repetitive heating during successive ovipositions together with glucose recovery sustain blastodisc viability. Further turning of eggs upon formal incubation distributes the chorio-allantois over the blunt end while consolidating albumen in its sac at the sharp end. Rupture of the sero-amnionic connection mixes albumen with amnion which the embryo consumes over the next several days. During consumption certain of the proteins directly enter the vascular system while most pass through the jejunum to enter the yolk sac and foster embryonic nutrition. Mineralization of the skeleton, pipping muscle enlargement, multiple fortifications of glycogen, and deposition of subcutaneous fat subsequently occur as liver cholesterol becomes exaggerated. Minimal oxygen during transition from chorio-allantois to pulmonary respiration necessitates umbilical closure together with the heart’s intra-auricle septum as inner to outer shell pipping proceeds. Abdominal pressures during yolk sac retraction force a portion of yolk contents back into the jejunum while bile and pancreatic enzymes initiate its digestion to enhance early mucosal maturation. Concurrently, glycogen is sourced for energy in support of emergence. A narrow hatch window exists for the clutch because of egg uniformity while intermittent pre-incubation heating enabled similar germ development. Hen confinement of emergents to the nest provides insulation and heat sharing to extend body reserves through completion of hatch. Confinement also exposes hatchlings to a mature microbial population from hen excreta that colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Microbe composition in concert with the hen’s environment advantages digestion of hatchling feedstuffs outside the nest while concurrent mucosal failures generate permanent immunoglobins to commensals as passive ones dissipate. Inherent delays to feed with commercial chicks and absence of a favorable microflora impair early intestinal maturation prior to initial feed access. A pre-starting feed providing high protein that assures amino acids favoring mucin is thought to resist lumen microbes while aiding recovery of delayed development. Concurrent dietary enzyme supplementation and a source of nucleic acids are believed to partially substitute for digestive and nutritional complementation expected from commensals.

Effect of phytase, carbohydrase, and protease addition to a wheat distillers dried grains with solubles and rapeseed based diet on in vitro ileal digestibility, growth, and bone mineral density of grower-finisher pigs

The use of rapeseed meal (RSM) and wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (wDDGS) in pig diets is increasing and dietary supplementation with exogenous enzymes has been suggested as means of improving feed efficiency in pigs. The objective of this experiment was to examine the effect of phytase (Phy), a xylanase and β-glucanase complex (XB), protease (Prot) and their various combinations when included in a wDDGS- and RSM-based diet fed to grower-finisher pigs. As the P- and Ca- sparing effect of Phy is well proven, the objective was to examine the additional effects of Phy beyond its P- and Ca-sparing effects. A total of 144 pigs with an initial live weight of 40.1 ± 2.0 kg were assigned to 8 treatments with 9 pens (4 female and 5 male pens) per treatment and 2 females or 2 males per pen. The basal diet was formulated to contain 96 and 200 g/kg of RSM and wDDGS, respectively. The basal diet was supplemented with Phy (0 or 100 mg/kg), XB (0 or 100 mg/kg), and Prot (0 or 200 mg/kg) in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Experimental diets were fed for 76 d. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were recorded, and gain to feed (G:F) was calculated. Carcass quality variables were measured at slaughter and the left forelimb of pigs fed the unsupplemented, the Phy supplemented and the Phy + Prot supplemented diets were removed to determine bone mineral density in the third metacarpal. The inclusion of Phy, XB and Prot in the diets increased in vitro ileal digestibility of dry matter and organic matter (P < 0.05). A tendency towards a 3-way interaction among Phy, XB and Prot was observed for ADG (P = 0.06) and G:F (P = 0.06). The 2-way interactions and main effects did not reveal any improvement for any variable measured in vivo in response to dietary enzyme supplementation. Bone mineral density was not different for pigs fed the unsupplemented, the Phy supplemented and the Phy + Prot supplemented diets. In conclusion, the in vitro ileal digestibility improvements observed were not always reflected in improvements in pig growth, feed efficiency or both. The efficacy of Phy was not reduced when supplemented in combination with Prot, as ADG, G:F, carcass quality and bone mineralization were unchanged.

Exogenous dietary enzyme formulations improve growth performance of broiler chickens fed a low-energy diet targeting the intestinal nutrient transporter genes.

Diminishing the cost of broiler chicken diet is a critical issue in the poultry industry. Numerous studies were performed to achieve this pivotal objective by diet supplementation with alternative feed additives. In the current study, low-energy broiler rations were supplemented with different commercial multienzyme formulations to minimize the cost, and increase the digestibility and absorption of the digested macronutrients. Cobb Avian 48 broiler chicks (mixed sex, 1-d-old, n = 3120) were randomly allocated into six groups, and each group was subdivided into four replicates (130 birds per replicate). The birds were randomly allocated into a control group fed basal diet (CB); control group fed low-energy diet (CL); and birds fed low-energy diets supplemented with different enzyme formulations. The enzyme formulations used were Xylam 500® (CLX group), Hemicell® (CLH group), Avizyme® (CLA group), and Megazyme® (CLM group,) following the doses recommended by the manufacturers. The growth performance of CLA and CLH group birds was significantly improved when compared with CL. In comparison with CB, Avizyme® significantly (p < 0.001) increased the intestinal PEPT1, GLUT2, ACC, and IL-2 expression; PEPT1 facilitates the absorption of micronutrients. In conclusion, exogenous multienzyme complexes may be included in the low-energy diet to enhance the performance of broiler chickens (Avizyme® ˃ Hemicell® ˃ Megazyme®), and reduce the diet cost by up-regulating the expression of intestinal nutrient transporter genes, and improving the immunity and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens.

Effect of Beta-Xylanase and Cysteine Protease Enzymes in Diets on Performance of Kadaknath Birds

Effect of Beta-Xylanase and Cysteine Protease Enzymes in Diets on Performance of Kadaknath Birds

121 Advances with Exogenous Dietary Enzymes to Reduce Diet Cost and Improve Viability in Growing Pigs.

121 Advances with Exogenous Dietary Enzymes to Reduce Diet Cost and Improve Viability in Growing Pigs.

Enzyme complex and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in diets for broilers in the initial phase

SUMMARY This study aimed at evaluating the use of exogenous enzymes in diets with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their impact on zootechnical performance, carcass yield, intestinal histomorphometry and of broiler diets in the initial phase. A completely randomized design was used in a 2×3 + 1 factorial arrangement, with two levels of enzyme complex (EC), (0 and 200g / ton), three yeast levels (0, 6 and 12%) and a control diet, making up seven treatments, with five replicates of 20 broilers per experimental unit. We evaluated the performance (feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio), carcass yield and cuts, histomorphometry of the small intestine (height, circumference and width of villi, height and width of the crypt, thickness of the intestinal muscle wall and villi/crypt relationship). From 1 to 7 and 1 to 21 days, the inclusion of yeast led to reduced broiler performance. At 21 days, the addition of EC resulted in an increase of (p &lt;0.05) in the thickness of the muscular wall of the duodenum and decreased the width of the crypt in the ileum. The 12% level of yeast without the EC provided a thicker jejunum intestinal muscle wall when compared to the positive control. There was no significant effect on carcass yield and cuts between treatments. In conclusion, the inclusion of yeast reduces performance from 1-21 days. The enzyme complex and yeast does not change the performance or carcass yield, however, it does bring benefits to the intestinal mucosa.

Kinetic parameters of ruminal degradation in vitro with combinations of exogenous enzymes in diets of production systems simulated

SUMMARY This study evaluated the effects of eight combinations of three exogenous enzymes with fibrolytic activity (FIB), amylolytic activity (AMZ), and proteolytic activity (PRO) on the accumulated gas production (PG) and kinetic parameters in simulated fermentations in two diet production systems using the in vitro gas production technique. In experiment 1, ruminal fluid was obtained from two Santa Ines sheep, cannulated in the rumen, kept in a feedlot and fed a diet containing a roughage:concentrate ratio of 20:80. In experiment 2, the ruminal fluid was obtained from two Santa Ines sheep, cannulated in the rumen, and kept on pasture (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The accumulated gas production was measured during a 96-hour incubation, measured at 18 different time points. After incubation, the pH, dry matter degradability, organic matter in vitro digestibility, digestibility of neutral detergent insoluble fiber, metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, gas yield, short chain fatty acids and microbial protein production were determined. In the in vitro fermentation using the feedlot diet, the increased use of fibrolytic enzymes increased PG and improved the profile characteristics and kinetic parameters of the fermentation, regardless of the combination with other enzymes. In the in vitro fermentation using the forage diet, increased fibrolytic enzymes also increased PG, with improvements in the kinetic parameters and the profile of the fermentation, independent of the use of the other enzymes. The addition only of fibrolytic enzymes has major potential to optimize the use of feedlot diets as well of forage in ruminant feed.

Cell Aggregating Temperament and Biopotency of Cultivable Indigenous Actinobacterial Community Profile in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Gut System

The aim of the present study is to explore the population density and diversity of cultivable gut actinobacterial flora from chicken faeces and assess their probiotic attributes. The cultivation-dependent method revealed that occurrence of total actinobacterial population density ranged between 3.20 and 6.55 log CFU $$\hbox {gfw}^{-1}$$ . Totally, 108 actinobacteria were isolated from faeces of indigenous chickens, among which 50 (GD1–GD50) were chosen according to their distinctive morphological phenotypes and growth rate. The diversity profile of cultivable actinobacterial community divulges that Streptomyces had a higher frequency of distribution (30%) followed by Nocardiopsis (14%), Pseudonocardia (12%), Kitasatospora (10%), Thermoactinomyces (8%), Actinomadura (8%), Kibdelosporangium (6%), Thermomonospora (4%), Saccharopolyspora (4%), whereas Actinokineospora and Actinopolyspora showed low percentage of frequency (2%). The actinobacterial cultures ( $${n}=50$$ ) were screened for colonization ability and beneficial activity (production of functional dietary enzymes and antibacterial activity) which are essential for the screening of indigenous probionts to ensure better colonization and exert beneficial effects on the host. The results depict that among the 50 actinobacterial isolates, 23 (40%) showed high aggregation profile and only 15 (30%) isolates exhibited constructive results to produce multiple dietary exoenzymes. The nine isolates revealing excellent multiple inhibitory activities against all the tested bacterial pathogens were subjected to multicriteria decision analysis wherein GD5 and GD18 ranked as the prominent probionts. Together, the present findings suggest that the chicken faeces may represent an unexplored reservoir of novel cultivable actinobacteria with a potential target for probiotics and bioprospecting for novel bioactive molecules.

Modulation of performance index, nutrient utilization, sensory characteristic, glucose and cholesterol level in broiler chickens fed on dietary enzymes and probiotic as growth promoter

Modulation of performance index, nutrient utilization, sensory characteristic, glucose and cholesterol level in broiler chickens fed on dietary enzymes and probiotic as growth promoter