Dietary Compliance Research Articles

Evaluation of the Relation between Compliance with Mediterranean Diet and Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

The study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between compliance of Type 2 Diabetes patients with the Mediterranean Diet and their quality of life. A total of 200 patients admitted to TRNC Famagusta State Hospital Internal Medicine Clinic, diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes, between the ages of 30–65 were included in the study. Patients filled out questionnaires that included data on demographic characteristics along with a 14-item MEDAS questionnaire, and SF-36 Quality of Life Scale. A total of 45% of patients were male, 55% female, mean age was 55 ± 8.28, and 65.6% of males and 49.1% of females complied moderately with the Mediterranean Diet (MEDAS score 6–9). According to the physical and mental indicator score, the quality of life of patients was moderate, and a strong relation was detected between gender and quality of life (p < 0.001). The scores of the quality of life of males were higher than those of females. Men and women who had moderate compliance with the Mediterranean Diet had higher physical function scores than those who had low compliance. The quality of life can be increased with regular training on the importance of dietary compliance because of the positive effects of the Mediterranean Diet on health.

The Effect of Nonpharmacological Integrated Care Protocols on Patients with Fatigue Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of nonpharmacological integrated care protocols on fatigue in patients with hemodialysis. This parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients undergoing hemodialysis from May to October 2020 at the Dialysis Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. The patients were randomized into an intervention group (accepting nonpharmacological integrated care protocols and standard care) or a control group (accepting standard care only) using a computer-generated random number. The nonpharmacological holistic care intervention used in this study involved a well-rounded multidisciplinary team that worked together to improve dietary compliance, medication adherence, and self-management to improve patients' care and promote self-management. From the 120 evaluated patients, 116 cases were eligible and analyzed. The results showed that patients from the intervention group had obviously reduced overall fatigue, mental fatigue, and muscular fatigue relative to the control group. The nonpharmacological integrated care protocols were interactive and promotive to each other. Meanwhile, the role and function of nurses in the management of chronic disease were demonstrated to be crucial.

Incidence of relapse of inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy in dogs and associated risk factors.

Dogs with inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy (iPLE) that attain remission may be at risk of subsequent relapse. To determine the incidence of relapse of iPLE in dogs that have previously attained complete clinical and biochemical remission and identify associated risk factors. Seventy-five client-owned dogs diagnosed with iPLE. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with iPLE based on histopathology of intestinal biopsy specimens between March 2010 and March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Variables were recorded from the time of investigation at histopathologic diagnosis and subsequent follow-up information was obtained from the records of referring veterinarians. Twenty-three dogs (31%) achieved sustained remission without documentation of relapse for at least 2 years. Nineteen dogs (25%) achieved remission, but then subsequently relapsed within 2 years of histopathologic diagnosis, and 33 dogs (44%) never achieved remission with disease-associated death occurring a median of 19 (range, 3-114) days after histopathologic diagnosis. Dogs that achieved remission and subsequently relapsed had significantly higher poor dietary compliance, as defined by frequent scavenging or changing from the recommended diet compared to dogs with sustained remission (P=.01). Inflammatory PLE is associated with a high rate of relapse in dogs. Ensuring owners adhere to dietary recommendations might help prevent subsequent relapse in dogs with iPLE that attain initial remission.

The relationship between depression, anxiety, quality of life levels, and the chronic kidney disease stage in the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Decreased quality of life, anxiety, depression, and other negative psychosocial factors in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may lead to the patient's attitudes that reduce treatment effectiveness. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the depression, anxiety, perceived social support, genetic psychosocial risk and quality of life levels, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage in ADPKD and to investigate the relationship between these variables/parameters and the dietary compliance that is an essential factor in the course of the disease. 100 ADPKD patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L) health-related quality of life ındex, EuroQol-5D-3L visual analog scale (EQ-5D-3L VAS), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), patient health questionnaire (PHQ)-9, and genetic psychosocial risk ınstrument (GPRI) were applied to the patients. There is a relationship with negative regression coefficient between the CKD stage and the total scores of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-3L VAS scales (p < 0.000 and β = - 5.355, p < 0.000, and β = - 8.394, respectively). There is a relationship with positive regression coefficient between the CKD stage and MSPSS total score and level (p < 0.000 and β = 0.364, p < 0.000 and β = 0.331, respectively). There is no relationship between the CKD stage and GPRI total score (p = 0.800). In addition, there is a relationship with positive regression coefficient between the dietary compliance and EQ-5D and EQ-5D VAS total scores (p = 0.006 and β = 2.687, p = 0.004 and β = 3.148, respectively). There is a relationship with negative regression coefficient between the dietary adherence and PHQ-9 total score and CKD stage (p = 0.003, p = 0.006, and β = - 0.692, respectively). As the CKD stage increases in the ADPKD patients, the quality of life decreases, whereas the level of anxiety and depression increases. It has been seen that the ADPKD patients with more depressive complaints have less dietary compliance. In this particular patient group, the early detection and treatment of psychosocial difficulties and the work to improve the quality of life that affect the course of the ADPKD may be as important as the medical treatment. To determine the needs of ADPKD patients with multiple physical and psychosocial difficulties and to perform appropriate interventions, we think that there is a necessity for a specific scale that evaluates these effective components together in the ADPKD process.

S3689 Unforeseen Postoperative Complication in a Bariatric Patient: The Rare Case of a Large Phytobezoar Causing Gastric Outlet Obstruction

Introduction: Bariatric surgery has become increasingly popular in the treatment of obesity to achieve sustainable weight loss. Despite its numerous benefits, complications can arise due to postoperative gastric hypoacidity and motility disorders. Phytobezoars is an infrequent complication of bariatric surgery that arise from impacted aggregates of indigestible fruit and vegetables. Rarely, bezoars can cause gastric outlet obstruction and/or perforation. The following case highlights the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of phytobezoars and the importance of diet compliance in bariatric patients. Case Description/Methods: A 60-year-old woman with hyperlipidemia was admitted due to progressive epigastric fullness and postprandial emesis of 2 weeks’ duration. Moreover, nausea was constant associated with abdominal bloating and 7-pound weight loss. Pepcid did not alleviate symptoms. She denied fever, chills, chest pain, shortness of breath, diarrhea, constipation, hematochezia nor hematemesis. Her past surgical history was pertinent for sleeve gastrectomy in 2017. She denied toxic habits. Labs were unremarkable except for isolated thrombocytopenia. Physical exam was pertinent for mild epigastric tenderness; no abdominal rigidity nor guarding present. Despite abdominopelvic CT revealing a gastric fundus dilation, an upper GI series was the study that diagnosed a large lobular filling defect compatible with a 7.2 cm phytobezoar.1 Upon questioning, the patient reported that she arrived from a cruise vacation before onset of symptoms. She recalled consuming large amounts of vegetables, nuts and fruits. Initial intervention consisted of papain meat tenderizer to help dissolve bezoar. Nevertheless, symptoms persisted due to oral medication intolerance. Upper endoscopy was performed and phytobezoar was removed with Roth Net retriever. After procedure, patient was able to progressively tolerate diet and was discharge home with resolution of symptoms. Avoidance of excessive high fiber diet was recommended to prevent future bezoar formations (Figure 1). Discussion: The incidence of large phytobezoars has been reported as low as 0.3% in the general population, and therefore, its identification is a diagnostic challenge. Even though most of the patients remain asymptomatic, large bezoars can cause gastric outlet obstruction that could end in perforation if not treated promptly. This case emphasizes the importance of considering phytobezoars as a cause of GI symptoms and the importance of diet education in bariatric patients.Figure 1.: 1. Upper GI series X-ray showing a 7.2 cm phytobezoar causing a large lobular filling defect in the stomach fundus.

Factors Associated with Diet Compliance with Hypertension Patients

Background: Hypertension or high blood pressure is a condition in which a person experiences an increase in blood pressure above normal for a long period. One of the efforts to prevent hypertension is to adhere to the recommended diet. There are several factors related to dietary compliance in patients with hypertension, two of which are family support and education level.&#x0D; Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family support and education level with dietary compliance in patients with hypertension.&#x0D; Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional approach. Sampling in this study uses non-probability sampling with a total sampling approach and data collection using a questionnaire. This research was conducted in February 2022.&#x0D; Results: The results of statistical tests using the chi-square test showed that the results for the family support factor were p = 0.001, and the results for the education level factor were p = 0.001. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between family support and education level with dietary compliance in patients with hypertension.&#x0D; Conclusion: Factors related to hypertension diet compliance are factors of knowledge, family support, motivation, and desire from within to recover.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND DIETARY COMPLIANCE WITH BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN THE INTERNAL DISEASE CLINIC OF VITA

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or a combination of both. Controlling blood sugar levels is the main thing for DM sufferers, one of which is with diet/nutrition therapy. Correct diet therapy is based on basic knowledge and attitudes. good for controlling blood sugar This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and dietary compliance with blood sugar levels in DM patients at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic at Vita Insan Hospital in 2019. This research is an analytic study with a cross-sectional design, carried out from July 2019. the sample used a purposive sampling technique consisting of 52 DM patients. The data taken included aspects of knowledge, attitudes.diet adherence (primary) and blood sugar levels (secondary) Computerized data processing using Chi Square test Univariate analysis results showed 69.2% of patients had uncontrolled blood sugar levels, 59.6% of patients had insufficient knowledge but 59.6% patients had a positive attitude towards efforts to control blood sugar and 53.8% of patients were disobedient to the diet given. From Bivariate analysis there was a significant relationship between knowledge, dietary adherence and blood sugar levels (p&lt;0.05), but for attitudes there was no significant relationship (p-0.05) Suggestions for health workers to further improve patient understanding of the DM diet so that patient's blood sugar levels are controlled by providing education and developing information provision,for the family it is necessary to provide support and motivation so that the patient is on a diet.

PROVIDING SNACKS TO IMPROVE DIETARY ADHERENCE, ADEQUACY OF NUTRITION INTAKE AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

This study aims to determine the effect of high-energy-protein interlude on increasing dietary compliance, nutritional intake adequacy and quality of life of hemodialysis patients. This research is a pre-experimental study with a one group pre-test and post-test design. The number of samples in this study was 71. All research subjects were patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. Patients will be given high-energy and protein snacks twice a day for 21 days. The sample it self was selected by using the consecutive sampling method. Data analysis using McNemar test and Multiple Logistics Regression. The results showed that there was a significant increase in dietary compliance and nutrient intake during the intervention, but after the intervention was completed, decreased compliance and nutritional intake. So that there was no significant difference in dietary adherence between before and after the intervention (p = 0.32) and there was no significant increase in the adequacy of nutrient intake between before and after the intervention. There was a significant difference between the quality of life scores before and after being given a snack (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that energy intake, fat intake, and length of hemodialysis period could be used to predict poor quality of life of hemodialysis patients (R2 = 0.125; AIC = 72). The provision of snacks can help to increase the average intake of nutrients to meet the intake of nutrients and the quality of life of hemodialysis patients.

Association Between Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Compliance among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Bono Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana

The study assessed nutritional knowledge and dietary compliance of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in the context of diabetes self-care, and the association between nutritional knowledge and dietary compliance. A report from a recent population-based study indicates that between 3.3% and 6% of Ghanaian adults are living with diabetes mellitus (DM) and this is projected to reach 820,000 by 2035. Diet therapy and self-care form an integral part of T2DM management, however, little is known about the nutritional knowledge and dietary habit of DM patients accessing healthcare at the Bono Regional Hospital in Ghana. This study sought to fill the existing knowledge gap which is critical to addressing the challenges associated with the management of T2DM. A hospital-based, descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed to assess nutritional knowledge and dietary compliance of T2DM patients in the context of diabetes self-care, and the association between them. The study was carried out at the Bono Regional Hospital in Sunyani, Ghana. Respondents were recruited using systematic sampling and semi-structured, interview-administered questionnaires were used to collect data for the study. The primary data for the study were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. A total of 140 T2DM patients responded to our questionnaires. The majority of the respondents (98.6%) were above 35 years of age. Females constituted 66.4% of the total sample. About one-third of the respondents were farmers (36.4%). Based on our specified criteria, the majority of respondents (52.1%) demonstrated good nutritional knowledge, however, only 39.3% of them showed good dietary compliance. A Pearson’s chi-square test (with Yates’ Continuity Correction) showed a statistically significant association between nutritional knowledge and overall dietary compliance, χ2 (1, n = 140) = 10.23, P = .001, phi = .27. Also, nutritional knowledge was associated with consumption of complex carbohydrates χ2 (1, n = 140) = 7.43, P = .009, phi = -.23, low-fat diet χ2 (1, n = 140) = 8.51, P = .005, phi = -.274, and controlled portions of proteins χ2 (1, n = 140) = 10.67, P = .002, phi = .24. Dietary compliance was poor despite good nutritional knowledge. However, there was a significant association between good nutritional knowledge and overall dietary compliance. Therefore, comprehensive nutritional education, tailored to patients’ needs, and socio-cultural and economic situations could help to promote adherence to dietary recommendations among T2DM patients accessing healthcare at the Bono Regional Hospital.

Validation of a Smartphone Application for the Assessment of Dietary Compliance in an Intermittent Fasting Trial.

Accurate dietary analysis of energy, nutrient intake, and meal timing in human studies using traditional dietary assessment methods (e.g., food records) is challenging and time-consuming. The widespread use of smartphones, tablets, and nutrition applications (apps) can overcome some of these problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of an FDDB smartphone app and food database compared with PRODI®—a professional platform for nutritional counselling using the German Nutrient Database. Dietary records were collected from 10 subjects participating in the crossover intermittent fasting trial for 2 weeks at baseline and during the eating timeframe of 8 h (early or late in the course of the day). The FDDB app and database enabled a quicker and less sophisticated analysis of food composition and timing than the PRODI® software. Good agreement between the methods was found for energy and macronutrient intakes, while the FDDB data on most micronutrients and saturated/unsaturated fat intake were unreliable. In contrast to PRODI®, FDDB provided effective assessment of timely compliance, making it a promising tool for chrononutritional studies. Thus, the FDDB app is comparable to the traditional PRODI® dietary assessment method, and can be effectively used in human dietary trials and medical practice for specific goals.

Pemberdayaan Dukungan Psikologis Keluarga Dengan Kepatuhan Diet Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Di Desa Bontolempangan Kecamatan Bontoa

Seeing the increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus globally, which is mostly caused by changes in unhealthy lifestyle patterns. One of the strategies to assist the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is to approach the closest person, namely the family, such as the problem of diet non-compliance caused by lack of family support. Therefore, high motivation is needed for family participation so that the community service team feels it is important to carry out community service through empowering family psychological support with dietary compliance of diabetes mellitus patients. This service is carried out in Bontolempangan Village, Bontoa District, Maros Regency. The method of service is by Lectures / counseling, discussions and questions and answers. As a result of the service, we got enthusiastic people who are active in asking questions so that there is an increase in intellectual function in patients and their families and is committed to providing support to their families who suffer from diabetes mellitus

Body Composition in Adolescent PKU Patients: Beyond Fat Mass.

There is a lack of evidence on the impact on body composition of high protein intake and types of protein substitutes in PKU patients—particularly in adolescents, who are more inclined to dietary transgressions. In this observational, cross-sectional study, PKU patients were observed during prepubertal age (p) or after the pubertal spurt (P), assessing body composition and bone quality and correlating these parameters with dietary compliance and types of protein substitutes. Anthropometric and dietary data were evaluated together with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). A total of 36 patients (16 males, 17 prepubertal and 19 post-pubertal; mean ± SD age 11.4 ± 3.9 years) were included. A higher BMI was observed in adolescents (p-value: 0.018). The BIA revealed a significant increase in total body water (TBW) and muscle mass (MM) in P subjects either compliant (p-value: 0.001) or non-compliant with the diet (p-value: 0.001). MM content correlated with increased Phe intake (r = 0.63; p < 0.001). In the subgroup of five patients taking L-AAs and glycomacropeptides (GMPs), BCAA values tended to be lower than those taking only L-AA mixtures, with a significant trend for valine. Maintenance of body composition parameters within the normal range—for both fat and muscle mass—and levels of BCAAs can be helpful in reducing the risk of becoming overweight in adulthood. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kepatuhan Diet Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Di Puskesmas Cikalong Kulon Tahun 2021

Introduction: Food regulation is the key to the management of Diabetes Mellitus, which at first glance looks easy but in reality, it is difficult to control your appetite. Quality of life is an individual's perception of his position in life, in the context of the culture, value system in which they are located, and their relationship to life goals, expectations, standards, and other related matters. Problems that cover the quality of life are very broad and complex including problems of physical health, psychological status, level of freedom, social relationships, and the environment in which they are located. This study was to determine the relationship of family support to dietary compliance with the quality of life of Diabetes Mellitus patients in the working area of ​​the Cikalong Kulon Public Health Center. Methods: The research design used in this study was descriptive with a cross-sectional study approach, namely to determine Family Support and Dietary Compliance on the Quality of Life of Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Cikalong Kulon Health Center. Results: The population in this study were all DM patients in 2021 at the Cikalong Kulon Health Center, Cianjur Regency, amounting to 439 people. And the samples taken from this study were 82 respondents. Discussion: Shows that supportive family support is 45 (31.7%) while those who are not supportive are 37 (26,1%), diet compliance shows that those who comply show 47 (33.1%) while those who do not comply show 35 (13.4%), while for good quality of life as many as 63 (44.4%) while those who are less good are 19 (13.4%). The researcher concludes that there is a relationship between Family Support and Diet Compliance on Quality of Life at the Cikalong Kulon Health Center in 2021 as indicated by the P-Value = 0.03 for Family Support and Diet Compliance and P-Value = 0.00 for Family Support and Life Compliance is 0.05, which means H0 is rejected and the sample supports or there is a significant relationship.

Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kepatuhan Diet pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Relationship between family support and diet compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at. The importance of family support to participate in maintaining the recommended food or diet for family members who suffer from diabetes mellitus. One form of patient compliance is by following the dietary recommendations suggested by nutritionists..To determine the relationship between family support and dietary compliance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at. The type of research used is quantitative with a descriptive research design using a cross sectional approach. To determine the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable by using a joint measurement, the total population is 30 people, the sampling of this study used a random sampling technique so that the results were 30 respondents, the data measurement instrument used a questionnaire. there is a relationship between family support and adherence to a type 2 diabetes mellitus. The p-Value = 0.004 (α&lt;0.05). There is a relationship between family support and adherence to a type 2 diabetes mellitus diet at.

Significance of low ferritin without anaemia in screen-detected, adult coeliac disease patients.

Low ferritin without anaemia has been linked to adverse health effects. To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of low ferritin in screen-detected coeliac disease. Seventy-six screen-detected coeliac disease patients were enrolled in the prospective collection of comprehensive clinical, laboratory and histological data at diagnosis and after 1-2 years on a gluten-free diet (GFD). All variables were compared between patients with different ferritin levels. At coeliac disease diagnosis, six patients had anaemia. Of the 70 nonanaemic patients, ferritin levels were <15 μg/L in 21%, 15-29 μg/L in 19%, 30-99 μg/L in 36% and ≥100 μg/L in 24%. Those with lower ferritin were more often females, had lower body mass index, haemoglobin and villous height-crypt depth ratio and also had higher intra-epithelial lymphocyte CD3+ levels in duodenal biopsies. The groups did not differ in neurological or gastrointestinal symptoms, health-related quality of life, bone mineral density, liver values, vitamin, albumin or coeliac autoantibody levels or the prevalence of comorbidities. Median ferritin levels increased from 41.5 μg/L to 86.0 μg/L on GFD (p<0.001). Ferritin remained <30 μg/L in 21% of patients but was not associated with dietary compliance, nor was any correlation between changes in ferritin and quality of life, gastrointestinal symptoms, autoantibody levels or degree of histological damage detected. Decreased ferritin is a frequent finding in screen-detected coeliac disease and may not be fully restored on a GFD. However, low ferritin levels are not associated with more severe symptoms or poorer quality of life.

Validation of ketogenic diet adherence questionnaire: Keto-check.

The ketogenic diet is a therapeutic option to control drug-resistant epileptic seizures and has difficult compliance standards due to adverse effects, psychosocial factors, or dietary restriction. To create and validate a ketogenic diet compliance questionnaire. Methodological study, convergent care. The instrument was analyzed (construct validation) by five judges during two cycles of the Delphi technique. The judges assessed the relevance and clarity by using the Likert scale with three levels and made suggestions. The validation of the instrument was calculated using the agreement rate and content validity index (CVI). The application by two nutritionists made it possible to test reproducibility using the Kappa coefficient. When comparing the classification with a template developed by the health professionals who cared for the patients in question, the Pearson correlation and Fisher exact tests were used. For the reliability test, self-applied data were collected and evaluated using Cronbach Alpha coefficient. The questionnaire initially created with 11 multiple choice questions on a Likert scale was reduced to 10 questions with an agreement rate and the CVI classified as excellent after two rounds with judges. In the application of the tool, a kappa of 0.6087 was obtained, a Pearson that showed no significant difference between evaluators and a Cronbach α of 0.6483, with substantial consistency. This work resulted in the creation of an unprecedented and reliable questionnaire on adherence to the national ketogenic diet. Further studies should be performed to extrapolate the use of this questionnaire in different populations.

KARAKTERISTIK, KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT DAN GAMBARAN TEKANAN DARAH PENDERITA HIPERTENSI

Hypertension is said to be the silent killer because it often has no symptoms and tends to be left uncontrolled. Management of hypertension such as dietary compliance, adherence to taking hypertension medication, and environmental modification are important things that can control hypertension which in turn can prevent complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of medication adherence and changes in blood pressure in patients with hypertension. This study used a descriptive survey design, a sample of 57 patients with hypertension, the sampling technique used the total population. Statistical analysis using frequency distribution. The results showed that the middle age of hypertensive patients was 54 years, male 57.9%, graduated from elementary school 50.9%, and worked as laborers 38.6%, adhered to hypertension medication 54.4%, the mean initial blood pressure systole 190.00 mmHg and diastolic 90.00 mmHg while the final systolic blood pressure is 140.00 mmHg and diastole is 80.00 mmHg. It is recommended that nurses provide continuous information and motivation to respondents about the importance of being obedient or obedient in taking hypertension drugs.

The Effects of Intermittent Fasting and Continuous Energy Restriction with Exercise on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers, Dietary Compliance, and Perceived Hunger and Mood: Secondary Outcomes of a Randomised, Controlled Trial.

(1) Background: Excess weight in the form of adiposity plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. Lifestyle modifications that incorporate continuous energy restriction (CER) are effective at inducing weight loss and reductions in adiposity; however, prescribing daily CER results in poor long-term adherence. Over the past decade, intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as a promising alternative to CER that may promote increased compliance and/or improvements in cardiometabolic health parameters independent of weight loss. (2) Methods: This paper presents a secondary analysis of data from a 12-week intervention investigating the effects of a twice-weekly fast (5:2 IF; IFT group) and CER (CERT group) when combined with resistance exercise in 34 healthy participants (17 males and 17 females, mean BMI: 27.0 kg/m2, mean age: 23.9 years). Specifically, changes in cardiometabolic blood markers and ratings of hunger, mood, energy and compliance within and between groups were analysed. Dietary prescriptions were hypoenergetic and matched for energy and protein intake. (3) Results: Both dietary groups experienced reductions in total cholesterol (TC; mean reduction, 7.8%; p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; mean reduction, 11.1%; p < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean reduction 2.6%, p = 0.049) over the 12 weeks. Reductions in TC and LDL-C were greater in the IFT group after adjustment for baseline levels and change in weight. No significant changes in markers of glucose regulation were observed. Both groups maintained high levels of dietary compliance (~80%) and reported low levels of hunger over the course of the intervention period. (4) Conclusions: Secondary data analysis revealed that when combined with resistance training, both dietary patterns improved blood lipids, with greater reductions observed in the IFT group. High levels of compliance and low reported levels of hunger throughout the intervention period suggest both diets are well tolerated in the short-to-medium term.

The Effect of Mediterranean Diet Compliance on COVID-19 Symptoms and Disease Severity

The aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between the adherence to a Mediterranean type of diet, which is an anti-inflammatory diet, and the degree of severity and symptoms of the disease in patients with COVID-19 infection. In the study, a short questionnaire form containing questions about demographic information, disease severity, and what symptoms they experienced was given to individuals who had previously had COVID-19 infection. The adaptation of individuals to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was evaluated with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). SPSS software program was used to analyze the effect of the MD on COVID-19 severity and symptoms. A total of 715 people, including 283 (39.6%) men and 432 (60.4%) women, were included in the study. It was determined that 33.7% (241/715) of the individuals had MD compliance, while 66.3% (474/715) did not have MD compliance. It was observed that 77.8% (556/715) of the individuals participating in the study had a mild recovery from the COVID-19 infection process. It was observed that thin and obese individuals had more difficulty recovering (p&lt;0.05). The top 5 most common symptoms in COVID-19 patients were found to be as follows: fatigue-weakness (87%), low back-joint pain (76.4%), headache (70.5%), olfactory disorder (66%), and taste disorder (61%), respectively. No significant difference was found between adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet and COVID-19 severity and symptoms (p&gt;0.05). In conclusion, no significant relationship was found between adherence to the MD and the severity of the COVID-19 infection. However, considering the effects of the Mediterranean-type diet, which is an anti-inflammatory diet, on obesity, it is thought that adherence to this diet will have a positive effect on decreasing the severity of COVID-19 transmission indirectly, if not directly.

Dietary Behavior and Compliance to Bulgarian National Nutrition Guidelines in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes With Longstanding Disease.

IntroductionNutrition education attempts to maintain and enhance good eating habits to achieve optimal metabolic control in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Recommendations for patients with T1D are comparable to those of the general population.This Study AimedTo investigate dietary habits and adherence to nutritional recommendations of patients with T1D as compared with age, gender, and BMI matched people in Bulgaria.MethodsA case-control study included 124 patients with T1D with long disease duration (mean duration 25.3 ± 8.2 years) followed up at a diabetes clinic in Varna, Bulgaria for 2 years (2017–2019) and 59 controls matched for gender, age and BMI. A 24-h dietary recall method was used to assess the nutrition of both groups. A standardized questionnaire was applied to assess the frequency of food consumption (Feel4Diabtes). Height and weight were standardly measured, and BMI was calculated. Findings were compared with Bulgarian recommendations and reference values for energy and nutrient intake for healthy adults. The data were analyzed with the statistical package SPSSv21.0 and Jamovi v.22.5.ResultsThe nutritional characteristics of T1D men and women differ. Men with T1D had a higher intake of total carbohydrates (CHO) (p = 0.009), a lower intake of total fats (p = 0.007), and monounsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.029) as a percentage of total daily energy compared with the controls. Women with T1D had a different distribution of energy intake per meal compared to controls: they consumed more energy (p = 0.001) and a corresponding share of CHO for lunch, less for dinner (p = 0.015) and had a higher overall healthy diet score when compared to controls (p = 0.02). Adherence to dietary recommendations (e.g., CHO, total fats, saturated fat, fibers) was low in both genders, but lower in the general population compared to people with T1D.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that people with T1D consume a healthier diet than the general population, which could be attributed to healthier diet awareness, still far from the recommendations. Introduction of annual consultations with a dietitian may improve long-term outcomes.