Diesel Engine Parameters Research Articles

Impact of nano catalyst in the biodiesel production for direct injection diesel engine: A review

AbstractThe demand for energy is a significant topic in both developing and developed nations. The need for energy is growing rapidly every day. Biodiesel is a viable alternative answer to this issue, hence it is vital to discover an environmentally friendly alternative solution. To compare the emissions and combustion behaviors while diesel engines employing with Pithecellobium dulce seed oil. As a catalyst, seed oil biodiesel that has been blended separately and mixed with nanoparticles of titanium oxide and aluminum oxide is employed. Transesterification was used to esterify Pithecellobium dulce Seed Oil. Then, for each nano substance, samples S1, S2, and S3 were generated using a sonication technique. The project's focus is on creating a substitute fuel for everyday use. Hydrocarbon‐based gasoline is currently a dependable fuel. Alternatives that are environmentally friendly, like biodiesel, should be taken into account. The main objective of this experiment is to determine the engine performance and emission parameters of diesel engines using mixes of diesel and biodiesel with nano additives. The experiment's fuel is diesel, and an equal volume of biodiesel is mixed with different‐sized nano additives.

An Investigation of the Impacts of Ethanol-Diesel Blends on Emission and Combustion Parameters of Diesel Engine

An Investigation of the Impacts of Ethanol-Diesel Blends on Emission and Combustion Parameters of Diesel Engine

Application of response surface methodology to the operating parameters of diesel engines fueled with SiO2 nanoparticles in Abrus precatorius biodiesel

Application of response surface methodology to the operating parameters of diesel engines fueled with SiO2 nanoparticles in Abrus precatorius biodiesel

Investigation of Operating Parameters of Diesel Engine Fueled with SiO2 Nanoparticles and Abrus precatorius Biodiesel: Experimental Approach and Response Surface Methodology

Investigation of Operating Parameters of Diesel Engine Fueled with SiO2 Nanoparticles and Abrus precatorius Biodiesel: Experimental Approach and Response Surface Methodology

Development of a NOx Calculation Model for Low-Speed Marine Diesel Engines Based on Soft Measurement Technology

With the increasing level of intelligence of marine engines, there is an increasing demand for the online monitoring of engines, and marine NOx emissions have been of great concern. In this paper, a NOx simulation model is developed based on virtual measurement technology, which can calculate and predict NOx emissions based on the current operating state parameters of low-speed two-stroke diesel engines. First, the calibrated 3D simulation model is used to design the experiments to obtain the simulation experimental samples. Based on the NOx generation mechanism and diesel engine work-related parameters, the relevant factors were selected as alternative input parameters for the NOx emission model. The correlation analysis was then performed on the input parameters using the grey relational analysis correlation method and the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the principal component analysis method was used to reduce the dimensionality of the relevant factors by minimizing the loss of important information in reducing the complexity of the whole model. Then, the structure-related parameters of the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) were adaptively optimized using the group method of data handling (GMDH) to improve the accuracy of the NOx soft measurement model. Finally, the developed GMDH–BP model was validated with data and compared with the error evaluation index of BPNN and BPNN optimized by genetic algorithm (GA), and the developed NOx simulation model demonstrated high prediction accuracy under the same hyperparameter settings. The result provides technical support for the subsequent realization of the real-time online monitoring of NOx emissions from low-speed marine diesel engines without NOx sensors.

Performance analysis of biofuel-ethanol blends in diesel engine and its validation with computational fluid dynamics.

The engine tests aimed to produce comparable data for fuel consumption, exhaust emissions, and thermal efficiency. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program FLUENT was used to simulate the combustion parameters of a direct injection diesel engine. In-cylinder turbulence is controlled using the RNG k-model. The model's conclusions are validated when the projected p-curve is compared to the observed p-curve. The thermal efficiency of the 50E50B blend (50% ethanol, 50% biofuel) is higher than the other blends as well as diesel. Diesel has lower brake thermal efficiency among the other fuel blends used. The 10E90B mix (10% ethanol, 90% biofuel) has a lower brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) than other blends but is slightly higher than diesel. The temperature of the exhaust gas rises for all mixtures as the brake power is increased. CO emissions from 50E50B are lower than diesel at low loads but slightly greater at heavy loads. According to the emission graphs, the 50E50B blend produces less HC than diesel. NOx emission rises with increasing load in the exhaust parameter for all mixes. A 50E50B biofuel-ethanol combination achieves the highest brake thermal efficiency, 33.59%. The BSFC for diesel is 0.254 kg/kW-hr at maximum load, while the BSFC for the 10E90B mix is 0.269 kg/kW-hr, higher than diesel. In comparison to diesel, BSFC has increased by 5.90%.

Investigation of exhaust emissions and performance of a diesel engine fueled with preheated raw grape seed oil/propanol blends

The enrichment of alternative fuels with oxygen in diesel engines is one of the influential techniques utilized to improve performance and lower emissions. This work analyzed the influences of grape seed oil-propanol fuel mixture, which can be an alternative to diesel fuel, on diesel engine. Grape seed oil (GSO), which was used raw, was extracted from grape seeds by cold pressing method. In order to improve physical and chemical attributes of fuel mixtures, preheating process was applied. The engine tests were realized in an air cooled single cylinder diesel engine. GSO was stirred with diesel fuel in volumes of 10% and 30% and also 5% propanol was added. In this study, CO, NOX, smoke, HC, BSFC, EGT, BTE, vibration and noise parameters of diesel engine were taken into consideration. Moreover, thermal images of the engine were also recorded. The results indicated that BSFC, CO, smoke and HC diminished but NOX, BTE, EGT, vibration and noise increased in the preheated and propanol added test fuels. Preheating process for grape seed oil ensured a convenient fuel flow and decreased the oil viscosity and propanol addition contributed to the enrichment of the fuel in terms of oxygen.

Experimental investigation on effects of fuel injection and intake parameters on combustion and performance of a turbocharged diesel engine at different altitudes

Matching characteristics between fuel injection and intake control parameters significantly affect overall performances in diesel engine at variable altitudes. Prior to optimizing the control parameters of diesel engines operating at high altitudes areas, there is a necessity to identify the influence law of fuel injection and intake parameters on engine performance. This study focused on the effects of main injection timing (MIT), fuel injection pressure (FIP), EGR rate, and variable nozzle turbocharger (VNT) opening on the combustion, performances and NOx and smoke emissions in a turbocharged diesel engine at different altitudes (2000, 1,000, and 0 m). Strategies for optimization of engine performance and the coupling relationship between these parameters were analyzed. The results showed that as the altitude increased from 0 m to 2000 m, the engine torque dropped by 2.9%, the BSFC increased by 2.6%, the NOx emissions reduced by 11.8%, and the opacity smoke increased by 26.2%. The effects of MIT, FIP, EGR rate and VNT opening on engine performances were more significant at high altitudes. As the MIT was advanced at 2000 m altitude, the engine torque increased by 5.6%, the BSFC reduced by 5.9%, the opacity smoke decreased by 55%, while the NOx emissions increased by 54%%. Advance the injection timing properly can overcome the altitude effect on engine power. With the FIP increased from 105 to 130 MPa at 2000 m, the engine torque reduced by 1.7%, the BSFC increased by 1.6%, the opacity smoke dropped by 44.5%, and the NOx emissions increased by 17.5%. When the EGR rate increases by 5%, the NOx emission reduces by 16.4%,17.9 and 21.9 respectively at 0, 1,000 and 2000 m altitude. The EGR rate should be properly reduced to obtain the recovery of engine power at plateau. As the VNT vane opening decreased from 40% to 20%, the NOx emission increase by 9.4% and 9.9% at 0 m and 1,000 m respectively, and it reduces by 3.9% at 2000 m, while the opacity smoke reduces by 38.9% at different altitudes. The optimization of VNT vane opening requires a balance between combustion performance and pumping losses. The multi-objective collaborative optimization technique should be applied to optimize these parameters to help improve engine efficiency and emissions at high altitudes.

Evaluation of energy-economic parameters of tractor with electrically driven power unit

The development of agro-industrial complex in modern conditionsneeds a large share of low traction class tractors. Manufacturers in their turn strive to fill the market with tractors with good consumer properties. The use of electric drive on tractors is a relatively new trend with many unresolved issues in various areasof this subject. In this paper the questions on prospects of using electric motors as a drive of tractor power unit are touched upon. Energy equipment and general preparedness for transition of tractors to such systems are considered. The question of comparison of basic parameters of electric and diesel engines, consisting in one power category, is considered. The methodology of estimation of energy-economic characteristics of a tractor with electric drive power unit in relation to a conventional tractor with dieselengine and argumentation of the given parameters are given. The usefulnessof the introduced index is shown, as well as the necessity of its use in order to evaluate the efficiency of engines of different types in a comparative analysis. This paper will be useful in the engineering and design field of knowledge related to the design and development of electric drive technologies for mobile machines.

Effect of Kariba Weed Biodiesel Blended with n-Pentane on the Chosen Parameters of a Ceramic-Coated Thermal Barrier Direct Injection Diesel Engine.

In this experimental investigation, Kariba weed biodiesel (KSB) blended with n-pentane has been tested in conventional and ceramic-coated thermal barrier engines, and the results have been compiled and presented. A single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine has been used as the test engine with eddy current dynamometer loading as used in the experimental setup. The tests were repeated in various ambient conditions to get an optimal value. Ceramic coating has been done with partially stabilized zirconia by the plasma arc spraying process. Among the quantum of tests conducted, 90% KSB blended with 10% n-pentane showed appreciable results when it was compared with the test fuel (neat diesel). The brake thermal efficiency and brake-specific fuel consumption were found to be better when compared with neat diesel. At increasing load, unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and smoke opacity emissions were appreciably reduced.

Enhanced conversion of dairy waste oil to biodiesel via novel and highly reactive UiO-66-NH2/ZnO/TiO2 nano-catalyst: Optimization, kinetic, thermodynamic and diesel engine studies

This study focuses on developing a novel UiO-66-NH2/ZnO/TiO2 nano-catalyst for efficient biodiesel generation from dairy waste scum oil (DWSO). UiO-66-NH2, UiO-66-NH2/TiO2, and UiO-66-NH2/ZnO/TiO2 nano-catalysts were prepared via the sol–gel approach and their structural features were analyzed by XRD, FT-IR, BET, ED/Map, SEM, TEM, and CO2-TPD approaches. The UiO-66-NH2/ZnO/TiO2 nano-catalyst demonstrated a mesoporous surface with a specific surface area and an average particle size of 568.1 m2/g and 28.35 nm, respectively. The central composite design (CCD) was also utilized to optimize crucial variables. Biodiesel conversion of 98.7 % was achieved under the optimized process circumstances such as the methanol to DWSO ratio of 9.8:1, reaction temperature of 61 °C, and nano-catalyst concentration of 2 wt%. As a novelty, biodiesel conversion is the highest methyl ester achieved from DWSO so far. The survey of the reaction kinetics employing UiO-66-NH2/ZnO/TiO2 indicated that the rate constant, activation energy and Arrhenius factor are 0.1325 min−1, 48.73 kJ mol−1, and 39.6 × 105 min−1, respectively. Besides, the thermodynamic scrutiny implicates that the process is nonspontaneous (ΔG = 88.94 kJ/mol at 338 K) and endothermic (ΔH = 46.01 kJ/mol). Moreover, the impact of adding DWSO-derived biodiesel to diesel on the diesel engine parameters and viscosity alterations was scrutinized. Fuel rheological behaviour appraisal exhibited that biodiesel follows the Newtonian model. The stability of the UiO-66-NH2/ZnO/TiO2 nano-catalyst was assessed in transesterification successive processes. The nano-catalyst could be reused multiple times, and a conversion of 90.14 % was obtained during the 7th consecutive run. It can be concluded that UiO-66-NH2/ZnO/TiO2 nanoparticles can be employed as a highly retrievable nano-catalyst for efficient transesterification of DWSO.

Experimental Research on the Influence of the Composition of the Fuel Mixture on the Operating Parameters of a Single-Cylinder Common Rail Diesel Engine

Experimental Research on the Influence of the Composition of the Fuel Mixture on the Operating Parameters of a Single-Cylinder Common Rail Diesel Engine

Analysis of the operation of marine diesel engines when using engine oils with different structural characteristics

The object of research is the process of lubrication of marine trunk diesel engines. The subject of research is marine diesel engine oils, which provide lubrication, cooling and separation of friction surfaces. The analysis of the operation of marine diesel engines using motor oils with different structural characteristics is carried out. The studies are carried out on Yanmar 6EY18AL diesel engines of a Multipurpose Vessel class ship with deadweight of 27540 tons. The objective of research is to determine the effect of the structural characteristics of the oil layer (contact angle and thickness) on the performance parameters of a marine diesel engine and the performance characteristics of the oil used in its circulating lubrication system. At the same time, the compression pressure, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases, and the temperature of the exhaust gases after the cylinder are considered as the operating parameters of the diesel engine; as performance characteristics of the oil – its Base Number, as well as its Wear and Contaminant Elements. The studies are carried out on two diesel engines of the same type, in the circulating lubrication system of which oils with different structural characteristics were used. Structural characteristics of the oil layer were determined by ellipsometry. The operational characteristics of the diesel engine – using the Doctor diagnostic system. Oil performance – by spectrographic analysis. It has been established that an increase in the contact angles of wetting and the thickness of the oil layer improves the heat and power and environmental performance of a diesel engine. At the same time (for the period of operation of diesel engines 500–1000 hours), the decrease in compression pressure in the cylinder slows down, the temperature of gases after the cylinder decreases, and the emission of nitrogen oxides with exhaust gases decreases. In addition, the wear of diesel parts and oil oxidation are reduced. The information obtained in the course of the study on the structural characteristics of motor oils will provide the possibility of their selection and further use of those that will contribute to a better maintenance of the operational performance of marine diesel engines.

EFFECT OF USING LPG OF DIESEL ENGINE: A REVIEW

Background: The depletion of petroleum resources and strict environmental concerns have sparked researchers to focus on searching for alternative energy sources for conventional petroleum fuels. These issues call for increasing awareness of effectively using the present reserves and turning to the use of alternative fuels. One of the solutions to achieving this is using gaseous fuels in addition to diesel fuel in diesel engines, such as hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and natural gas. LPG dual-fuel engines are diesel engines modified to use LPG as the primary fuel and diesel as the secondary fuel. Aim: This study aimed to review the impact of inducting LPG through the intake manifold and directly into the combustion chamber on the combustion, performance, and emission parameters of diesel engines. Methods: This study presents a systematic review of the literature in which scientific articles were used as bibliographic sources. The selection of articles was carried out through a search in different databases. All articles found from the year 2001 to 2021 were initially selected. The following keywords were used diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, gas-powered diesel engines, and technologies. Terms were searched separately. The search strategy used to search the databases was based on the use of the following descriptors and keywords: (“diesel” AND “liquefied petroleum gas”) OR (“gas-powered diesel engines” AND “technologies”). As an exclusion criterion, all articles that did not approach LPG as the gaseous fuel in the dual-fuel engine were excluded from the work. After this survey, the total number of references used in this study was 66 articles. Results and Discussion: the results have shown that the qualities can be improved by using the techniques and concepts that have been developed. The engine and its component elements and the gas system were put through their paces in a laboratory setting. Other tests were conducted using theoretical analysis software like diesel RK. Combustion may occur either when the gas is introduced directly into the combustion chamber or when it is introduced indirectly via the air manifold and mixed with air. Conclusions: Using LPG in the CI engine improves mixing and combustion, lowers fuel consumption, and enhances emission characteristics while lowering costs. When LPG is put into an engine, the engine's performance dramatically improves. Gaseous LPG is injected into the combustion chamber to create a lean, uniform air-LPG mixture. Due to this consistent mixture, NOx emissions are drastically reduced. Increasing the temperature of the intake charge improves the thermal brake efficiency and reduces emissions of HC and CO.

The impact of process parameters on the responses of a diesel engine running on biodiesel-diesel blend: An optimization study

The study sought to investigate the combined impact of parsley biodiesel blend (PSB) proportion, engine speed, and load on diesel engine parameters. The obtained result revealed that an increase in the proportion of PSB blend as the load increases, led to a rise in brake thermal efficiency (BTE), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and a decline in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon monoxide (CO) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) but no interactive effect of both factors hydrocarbon (HC). Also, varying the engine speed and proportion of PSB blend declined BSFC, BSEC, HC, and NOx bur raised BTE and CO. A blend of 20.22%, engine speed of 1483.39 rpm, and engine load of 95.88% were the best variables for the tested engine to achieve better performance and reduced emission utilizing the desirability-based method. The projected values for BTE, BSFC, BSEC, CO, HC, and NOx responses were 20.61%, 0.32 kg/kWh, 6.14 MJ/kW, 0.08963%, 18.28 ppm, and 347.72 ppm respectively. Furthermore, for the tested engine, the engine speed was determined to be the most significant variable (with the most influence) when compared to the engine load and fuel blend. This study is beneficial to researchers and organizations working on improving engine performance and reduction of toxic emissions to the environment. The optimization study can also help overcome the high cost and lengthy experimental techniques.

Experimental Studies of the Effect of Air Filter Pressure Drop on the Composition and Emission Changes of a Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engine

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the effect of air filter pressure drop on the composition of exhaust gases and the operating parameters of a modern internal combustion Diesel engine. A literature analysis of the methods of reducing the emission of toxic components of exhaust gases from SI engines was conducted. It has been shown that the air filter pressure drop, increasing during the engine operation, causes a significant decrease in power output and an increase in fuel consumption, as well as smoke emission of Diesel engines with the classical injection system with a piston (sectional) in-line injection pump. It has also been shown, on the basis of a few literature studies, that the increase in the resistance of air filter flow causes a change in the composition of car combustion engines, with the effect of the air filter pressure drop on turbocharged engines being insignificant. A programme, and conditions of tests, on a dynamometer of a modern six-cylinder engine with displacement Vss = 15.8 dm3 and power rating 226 kW were prepared, regarding the influence of air filter pressure drop on the composition of exhaust gases and the parameters of its operation. For each technical state of the air filter, in the range of rotational speed n = 1000–2100 rpm, measurements of exhaust gas composition and emission were carried out, as well as measurements and calculations of engine-operating parameters, namely that of effective power. An increase in the pressure drop in the inlet system of a modern Diesel truck engine has no significant effect on the emissions of CO, CO2, HC and NOx to the atmosphere, nor does it cause significant changes in the degree of smoke opacity of exhaust gases in relation to its permissible value. An increase in air filter pressure drop from value Δpf = 0.580 kPa to Δpf = 2.024 kPa (by 1.66 kPa) causes a decrease in the maximum filling factor value from ηυ = 2.5 to ηυ = 2.39, that is by 4.5%, and a decrease in maximum power by 8.8%.

Using response surface methodology approach for optimizing performance and emission parameters of diesel engine powered with ternary blend of Solketal-biodiesel-diesel

This study focused on optimizing operation parameters of a diesel engine powered with ternary blends of oxygenated additive (Solketal)-biodiesel (originated from waste cooking oil)-diesel. Different ratios of the ternary blend were used to fuel the test engine at various compression ratios, fuel injection pressures and injection timings. The experimental data were used for RSM-based model prediction, establishing the relation function, and optimization. The RSM-based prognostic model was evaluated with statistical regression indices such as Pearson’s coefficient (0.9695 – 0.9858) and coefficient of determination (0.9401 – 0.9717), showing highly robust predictive models. Besides, root mean square error (0.002 – 1.74) and mean absolute percentage deviation (0.3–0.9%) of the predictive model were low. The optimized values of CR, FIP, FIT, and Solketal content in the ternary blend was 17.8, 270 bar, 27obTDC, and 9.5%, respectively. The model predicted and observed outputs were within 8%, indicating that the used model in this study is robust to predict output at this optimized condition with 29.4% of brake thermal efficiency, 0.396 kg/kWh brake-specific fuel consumption, 0.39% of carbon monoxide, 228 ppm of nitrogen oxides, and 52 ppm of unburnt hydrocarbon. Generally, using the Solketal oxygenated additive could improve engine performance and reduce harmful emissions.

Two Dimensional and Stereo PIV Comparison for Port Applications

Fuel-air movements in-cylinder are one of the most critical diesel engine parameters to determine engine performance and emission. Swirling movement in the engine combustion chamber is investigated advanced experimental techniques to improve the air intake design.
 Honeycomb measurement method and PIV (particle image velocimetry) method are used to measure the swirling airflow. The honeycomb measurement method can directly measure the swirl. However, it does not give detail information about the flow field. On the other hand, the PIV technique is one of the non-invasive measurement methods for swirl measurement. PIV can directly measure the velocity vector of the cylinder section. 
 In this study, the honeycomb measurement method was performed to measure the swirl ratio of 13L and 9L engines. The uncertainty analysis was determined for the reliability ratio of the measurement. In addition, PIV measurements are performed to understand the velocity field of the cylinder section. This velocity field gives detailed information about the center of the swirl and the velocity index of the velocity field.

Combined effect of DEE and Jatropha biodiesel–diesel fuel blends on the enhancement of VCR diesel engine parameters at varying loads and compression ratios

ABSTRACT In the field of biodiesel, the oxygenised alternatives, dimethyl ether (DME) and diethyl ether (DEE), are the promising alternative due to high Cetane number and oxygen content. In this research, experimental analysis is done for different fuel blends of Jatropha oil and DEE as additives. Biodiesel of 10, 15, and 20% with 10% DEE is used by mixing with diesel named as A1, A2 and A3. For 20% of DEE with same % of biodiesel, second batch of blends is prepared as B1, B2 and B3. These blends are prepared, and their physicochemical properties are tested. The compression ratio (CR) at 16, 17 and 18 is used as input for engine performance and emission analysis. Load on the engine is increased from 3 kg to 12 kg as full load for all blends and diesel. Results shows that engine gives better performance at higher load and higher CR. A3 blend shows the highest value of BTE than other fuel blends and diesel at all CR and loads. A3 blend shows the lowest value of BSFC compared to other fuel blends at CR 16 and CR 18. Performance of A3 and B2 fuel blends is better than all other fuel blends.

Cold flow properties and CI engine parameters synchronic improvement of biodiesel/diesel/ C3 and C4 alcohol blends: Mixture design approach

The rising demands of fuel and petrochemical fuels that have harmful gas emissions are encouraging researchers to develop green fuels, especially biodiesel. Whereas the substantial restriction for utilizing biodiesel as a replacement fuel is poor cold flow properties. This research aimed to consider the synchronic improvement of canola biodiesel-diesel-alcohols mixture with low-temperature performance and diesel engine parameters. The simplex lattice mixture design method was applied to optimize, statistically analyze, and design fuel-blend experiments. The best-fitted values via the models were verified employing analysis of variance. Optimum conditions for the cold flow properties of the ternary fuel blends were achieved at biodiesel (19.3), diesel (41.7), and alcohol (39) v/v.%, named as B19.3-Bu39. At the optimum, the best cold flow properties had a pour point and cloud point of − 22.67 and − 16.37 0C. Engine performance results revealed that increment of higher alcohols in fuel blend enhanced brake specific fuel consumption (6.22%) and exhaust gas temperature (16.25%), while the brake thermal efficiency (4.03%) diminished. At the maximum loading, emission reductions of 13% and 49% of carbon monoxide, and 20.3% and 30.5% of unburned hydrocarbon were achieved for B19.3 and B100 (100% biodiesel). Oxidative stability of the optimum fuel blend was 10.32 h, which is satisfactory according to EN14214 standard. Results implied that the B19.3-Bu39 fuel has superior lubrication, lower emission, wear, and friction as compared to pure diesel. It can be concluded that the incorporation of higher alcohols presents a novel prospect for the simultaneous improvement of fuel cold flow properties and CI engine operability parameters.