Diesel Engine Parameters Research Articles

Evaluation of waste plastic and waste cooking oil as a potential alternative fuel in diesel engine

The generation of plastic waste and waste cooking oil is a serious environmental concern because of worldwide waste disposal issues. At the same time, increasing demand and contemporary geopolitics make fossil fuels a significant worldwide problem. As a result, there has been an increase in demand for alternate fuel for CI engines. To overcome these twin problems can be addressed by converting waste into liquid fuels. This research explores an intriguing area by mixing waste cooking oil biodiesel and waste plastic oil to create a mixture that remarkably seems like the physico-chemical properties of diesel fuel in a society that is looking for sustainable alternatives. So, in this investigation, a ternary fuel blend of Petro-diesel, waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOB), and waste plastic oil (WPO) was used in the diesel engine. To enhance the properties of fuel, combustion, emission, and performance parameters of diesel engines, a ternary blend of B20P20D60 was employed in the CI engine as an alternative fuel. In the ternary fuel blends, WCOB, WPO, and diesel content were 20%, 20%, and 60%, respectively. The results were compared with conventional diesel fuel, showing that the ternary fuel blend B20P20D60 has an improved brake thermal efficiency of up to 1.71% at 80% loading and reduced emissions (HC, CO, NOx) compared to conventional diesel. Because of this, the ternary blends have significant potential for use in diesel engines.

WITHDRAWN: rGO@CaO/NiO as a bifunctional heterogeneous nanocatalyst for high-quality biodiesel production from degraded waste oil by microwave-assisted: Diesel engine parameters assessment

In this research, a highly effective rGO@CaO/NiO bifunctional nanocatalyst was synthesized and utilized for the generation of biodiesel from degraded waste oil (DWO) through microwave assistance. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to assess the catalyst structure, revealing a notable specific surface area with significant surface characteristics for the rGO@CaO/NiO bifunctional nanocatalyst. The maximum biodiesel yield was achieved 97.46% under optimum conditions including methanol to oil ratio of 11.1 mol/mol, catalyst content of 3 wt.%, microwave time of 7.5 min, and stirring speed of 700 rpm. The catalyst's reusability was demonstrated through multiple cycles, maintaining high stability and consistent biodiesel yield over seven iterations. The activation energy and exponential factor for the conversion of DWO to biodiesel were determined as 30.91 kJ/mol and 2.3×104 min-1, respectively. The physical attributes of DWO-derived biodiesel revealed that they fall within the ASTM D6751 standard range. The impact of adding biodiesel to petrodiesel/biodiesel blends at various torques on the emission of key pollutants (CO, NOx, CO2, and UHC) and engine performance (BP, EGT, BTE, and BSFC) was investigated, yielding promising results. The rGO@CaO/NiO appears as a superior choice for biodiesel production, offering exceptional reusability, and significant biodiesel efficiency achieved within a short reaction time.

Kinetic and optimization study of ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production from waste coconut scum oil using porous CoFe2O4@sulfonated graphene oxide magnetic nanocatalysts: CI engine approach

In this study, CoFe2O4@sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) heterogeneous nanocatalyst was synthesized and utilized to produce biodiesel from waste coconut scum oil (WCSO). The structural features of CoFe2O4@SGO nanocatalyst were evaluated by SEM, TEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, CO2/TPD, VSM, and BET analyses. According to these analyses, CoFe2O4@SGO nanocatalyst has high specific surface area, suitable functional groups, and good reactivity. The highest biodiesel yield using CoFe2O4@SGO nanocatalyst in optimal conditions (MeOH/WCSO ratio = 12.41, temperature = 64.73 °C, catalyst concentration = 2.24 %, and ultrasonic time = 33.08 min) was 96.87 %. The yield of biodiesel decreased from 96.91 % to 90.17 % after six reuse cycles, which demonstrates the significant stability of CoFe2O4@SGO nanocatalyst in the transesterification process. After 7 reuse steps, XRD and CO2/TPD analyzes revealed that the catalytic activity and crystallinity of the nanocatalyst were almost retained. The kinetic behavior of biodiesel generation showed that the transesterification reaction is endothermic. Enhancing the concentration of biodiesel in the fuel mix had a positive impact on the reduction of CO and UHC emissions, as well as diesel engine parameters such as cylinder pressure, BP, EGT, BSFC, and BTE. Owing to the high biodiesel yield, significant reusability, and positive impacts on the diesel engine, CoFe2O4@SGO nanocatalyst is recommended for industrial applications.

Diesel engine vibration analysis using artificial neural networks method: Effect of NH3 additive in biodiesels

Diesel engine parameters, such as fuel and its additives, play an essential role in minimising the effects of engine vibration. This study aimed to use artificial neural networks (ANN) to model and analyse diesel engine vibration characteristics at different engine speeds using NH3 as an additive in hazelnut (HD), peanut (PD), and waste-cooking oil (WD) biodiesels. The results showed good correlations between the ANN models and experimental results using regression analysis methods. The ANN models for diesel engines showed high accuracy. The ANN models indicated that a 5 % NH3 additive decreased engine vibration for HD and PD.In comparison, 10 % and 15 % NH3 additive ratios increased engine vibration for HD, PD, and WD due to low combustion quality. The lowest vibration levels occurred with P100, P95A5, P90A10, and P85A15 at 1200 rpm. H100 and H95A5 produced the highest diesel engine resultant vibration (DERV) values. All ANN models generated the lowest and highest DERV values at 1200 rpm and 2100 rpm, respectively. The RMS method showed that H95A5, P85A15, and W85A15 contributed the most to diesel engine vibration. Using a low amount of NH3 additive positively affected DERV for HD and PD but not for WD.

Study to Establish the Relationship Between Fuel Injection Parameters and Exhaust Emission Content of Fishing Vessels’ Diesel Engines to Diagnose the Technical State

Fuel injection parameters of diesel engines are essential. It directly affects the process of forming the combustion mixture, fuel combustion, and emission formation. The fuel injection pressure with the pressure at the end of the compression stroke in the engine cylinder at the time of fuel injection is worth noting. If the above parameters are reduced compared to the technical requirements, the combustion process is incomplete, and soot emissions increase. On that basis, the article studies the relationship between fuel injection parameters and exhaust emissions by simulation and experimental methods, through which it is possible to recognize emission results for the diagnosis technical state of the fuel injection system and the group that encloses the engine’s combustion chamber. Research results on the 6CHE Yanmar diesel engines of the fishing vessels at zero load conditions show that. When soot emissions increase by more than 20%, the fuel injection pressure is reduced compared with technical requirements. The fuel injection system and the group that encloses the combustion chamber need to be maintained on time to prevent damage incidents that may occur and to ensure the safety of people and fishing vessels when operating at sea for a long time.

Research of Energy Efficiency and Environmental Performance of Vehicle Power Plant Converted to Work on Alternative Fuels

The use of alternative fuels remains an important factor in solving the problem of reducing harmful substances caused by vehicles and decarbonising transport. It is also important to ensure the energy efficiency of vehicle power plants when using different fuels at a sufficient level. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the conversion of diesel engine to alternative fuels with hydrogen admixtures. Methanol is considered as an alternative fuel which is a cheaper alternative to commercial diesel fuel. The chemical essence of improving the calorific value of alternative methanol fuel was investigated. Studies showed that the energy effect of burning an alternative mixture with hydrogen additives exceeds the effect of burning the same amount of methanol fuel. The increase in combustion energy and engine power is achieved as a result of heat from efficient use of the engine exhaust gases and chemical conversion of methanol. An experimental installation was created to study the work of a converted diesel engine on hydrogen–methanol mixtures and thermochemical regeneration processes. Experimental studies of the energy and environmental parameters of diesel engine converted to work on an alternative fuel with hydrogen admixtures have shown that engine power increases by 10–14% and emissions of harmful substances decrease.

Design assessment of the range of permissible operation modes of a marine two-stroke diesel engine

In the practice of operating marine diesel engines, as a limiting characteristic for mechanical stress, a characteristic corresponding to a constant effective torque, which is proportional to the average effective pressure, is used. There is no such unambiguity regarding the restrictive characteristics of thermal intensity. Limitations on the thermal stress of a diesel engine depend on its design features and the efficiency of the cooling system of the cylinder-piston group. At the diesel engine design stage, it is important to assess in advance whether the operational characteristics correspond to the technical specifications.
 The work carried out computational and theoretical studies of the operational parameters of the main marine two-stroke diesel engine operating according to the screw characteristic, which affect its mechanical and thermal stress, and determined the expected limiting characteristics of the mechanical and thermal stress. The studies were carried out for wide ranges of changes in the weight coefficient of the screw characteristics and the relative power of the diesel engine. The estimated design ranges of diesel operating modes are given, excluding its mechanical and thermal overload, and an assessment of the permissible weighting of the screw characteristics is given. The results obtained were compared with the characteristics of a marine four-stroke diesel engine.

Comparison of Effect of Conventional Fuel with Newly Developed Biofuel in Operation and Emission Conditions of Piston Combustion Engine

Abstract The present paper deals with the evaluation of the impact of newly developed biofuels together with a comparison with conventionally produced fuel, diesel, in terms of their impact on the technical and emission condition of a studied vehicle. The main energy and emission parameters of the internal combustion diesel engine were evaluated. For laboratory experiments, a discrete test method was used for comprehensive assessment, the procedure of which is described in the methodology of the paper together with a description of the measurement chain designed to achieve the determined results. The paper deals with the evaluation of the measured results of power, torque, consumption, and emissions such as CO2 and absorption coefficient. Among the technical parameters, the power and torque drop were observed for each biofuel. The decrease is attributed to lower values of calorific value, viscosity, and density. A positive effect was observed for the CO2 and absorption coefficient emission parameters, i.e., a decrease for each of the newly developed biofuels studied.

Ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel generation from waste chicken fat utilizing a novel and reusable Ce-doped Fe2O3 nanocatalyst: Optimization by CCD, kinetics, and nano-additive on emissions and performance of a diesel engine

The present study aimed at the fabrication of an efficient nanocatalyst utilizing cerium doped on hematite (Ce-doped Fe2O3) as a highly reactive catalyst in biodiesel generation from waste chicken fat (WCF) under ultrasonication and also as nano-additive to improve diesel engine features. The surface features of Fe2O3 and Ce@Fe2O3 nanoparticles were investigated utilizing several analyses. The characterization outcomes demonstrated that the Ce element was successfully incorporated into the Fe2O3 structure. RSM-assisted experimental design was utilized to optimize effective parameters on biodiesel efficiency. According to the CCD results, the maximum biodiesel yield employing Fe2O3 and Ce-doped Fe2O3 nanocatalysts was 91.57% and 95.38%, respectively, which were obtained after 30 min of ultrasonic irradiation time. Also, various proportions of petrodiesel and biodiesel as well as adding Ce@Fe2O3 nanoparticles to the fuel blend at different torques (20–100%) were tested on diesel engine parameters. The outcomes revealed that adding biodiesel to petrodiesel diminished CO (10.02%) and UHC (6.34%). Further, increasing biodiesel content in the fuel composition enhanced BSFC (8.29%) and EGT (14.17%) parameters and declined BTE (13.37%). Besides, increasing the percentage of torque enhanced EGT and BTE and reduced BSFC. Also, adding Ce@Fe2O3 nanoparticles to biodiesel/diesel blends reduced CO, NOx, and UHC concentrations, and enhanced BTE and BSFC values. Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses reveal that the transesterification reaction is first-order and endothermic. Furthermore, the activation energy for biodiesel generation using Fe2O3 and Ce-doped Fe2O3 nanocatalysts were attained at 46.61 and 46.58 kJ/mol, respectively, which are considerable amounts. Besides, the reusability investigation showed that Ce-doped Fe2O3 nanoparticles have high stability, so that after the 7th cycle, the biodiesel yield was 87.26% (only a 7.5% decrease in efficiency). Generally, owing to unique features including high catalytic performance, considerable reusability, and high biodiesel yield, Ce-doped Fe2O3 nanoparticles are highly recommended for industrial applications.

Utilization of hydrogen-diesel blends for the improvements of a dual-fuel engine based on the improved Taguchi methodology

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model (CFD) of the diesel engine cylinder was developed using CONVERGE 3.0 software and a chemical reaction mechanism including 172 reactions and 62 components was developed using the CHEMKIN program. Then, the effects of nozzle diameter and spray cone angle on in-cylinder pressure, temperature, HC emission, NOx emission and soot emission of the hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel engine were investigated. Lastly, multi-objective optimization of HES, CR, nozzle diameter and spray cone angle were also carried out using Taguchi methodology. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratio were performed using Minitab software. The results showed that higher in-cylinder pressure, temperature and NOx emission could be obtained with the decreasing nozzle diameters. But HC and soot emissions showed the opposite trend. Using the smaller spray cone angle was more favorable for in-cylinder pressure, temperature, HC, and NOx emissions. However, the small spray cone angle results in large amounts of soot emission. In addition, the factors that had the greatest impact on in-cylinder pressure, temperature, HC emission, and soot emission were all CR. And the factor that had the greatest impact on NOx emission was HES. This work provides a feasible technical approach to improve the marine diesel engine parameters.

Impact of Compression Ratio on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a CI Engine Working with Ternary Blended Biodiesel

The current work investigated the characteristics of a diesel engine working with the ternary biodiesel blend having equal amounts of Jatropha, Karanja, and Cottonseed oils. The biodiesel constitutes 6.67% of each constituent oils and 80% diesel by volume. The impact of compression ratio on various characteristic parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine have been experimentally investigated to achieve enhanced performance and emission parameters. The compression ratio was varied from 15 to 18 and the results for the corresponding parameters were compared with the same parameters of the engine running with pure diesel at nominal compression ratio of 16. The brake thermal efficiency increased by 2.3% while the fuel consumption for unit power output reduced by 0.06 kg/kWh for the biodiesel at compression ratio 18. The hydrocarbon emission at compression ratio 18 with ternary blend biodiesel reduced by 37% than diesel while the carbon monoxide decreased by 42%. The oxides of nitrogen increased for biodiesel compared to pure diesel and it further increased with compression ratio due to better combustion of fuel. Thus, the biodiesel containing of 20% methyl esters of jatropha, karanja and cottonseed oil can be suitably adopted as an alternate fuel for automotive engines at higher compression ratio.

Experimental investigation on SiO2 nano particle as additives on performance and emission parameters of diesel engine fueled with castor oil blends


 
 
 
 Introduction: Today, a lot of research work is carried out in the vegetable oil based fuels which are the blended renewable fuels derived from vegetable oils or the oxygenated fuels which could effect in reduced Carbonaceous emissions. This experimental study investigates the impact of Silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles as additives on the performance and emission parameters of a diesel engine running on castor oil blends.
 
 
 
 
 Materials and methods: Castor oil is a renewable source of biodiesel, but it has limitations such as lower calorific value and higher viscosity compared to conventional diesel. To overcome these limitations, SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. Tests were conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine under various load conditions using different fuel blends.
 
 
 
 
 Results: Results shows that the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles improved the engine's performance by increasing brake thermal efficiency by 25% and reducing specific fuel consumption by 9%. Carbon monoxide emissions (CO) were decreased by 25%, Hydro Carbon emissions (HC) decreased by 52% with SiO2 nanoparticles while a marginal percentage of NOx was also observed.
 
 
 
 
 Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of SiO2 nanoparticles as additives in enhancing the performance and reducing emissions of diesel engines using castor oil blends, contributing to the development of sustainable transportation.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Comparative analysis of Diesel, B50, and H50 fuels in a diesel engine employing air-fuel ratio and exhaust gas recirculation

Past research has mostly concentrated on the utilization of hydrogen or biodiesel in various proportions when blended with diesel fuel. Despite considerable research conducted on the utilization of fuel blends consisting of hydrogen and biodiesel. Currently, there is a lack of research that has conducted a comparative analysis regarding the impact of air-fuel ratio on the performance of diesel fuel blended with Hydrogen and FAME. This research article examines three fuel blends to determine four critical diesel engine parameters (BTE, Brake Torque, NOx concentration, and BMEP) at five distinct air-fuel ratios spanning from 14 to 65. The present study aims to enhance the comprehension of the intricate characteristics of air-fuel mixtures, specifically rich, stoichiometric, and lean, by conducting an extensive analysis. Additionally, the investigation focuses on the impact of the exhaust gas recirculation technique on the NOx concentration. This article presents a mono-cylinder diesel engine model developed in the Ricardo wave program, simulated in three cases: I) Diesel only, II) B50(Blend of 50 % Diesel and 50 % FAME), and III) H50(Blend of 50 % Diesel and 50 % Hydrogen) at a compression ratio 21 with an rpm ranging from 500 to 2500.Fair agreement with peak results deviating in a few percent revealed that H50 significantly enhances brake thermal efficiency (BTE) measured to Diesel and B50, with improvements of up to 5.6 % and 5 %, respectively. When Hydrogen is mixed with Diesel, the combustion process quickens and becomes more complete, and ultimately, an improved combustion quality is achieved. H50 generates 13 % and 12 % higher levels of NOx in comparison to Diesel and B50, respectively. Increased engine speed triggers the in-cylinder temperature to rise, promoting NOx generation. The heat release rate is a significant parameter for assessing combustion efficiency. Diesel releases more heat than B50 at a particular crank angle. However, from 15-64° CA, B50 keeps generating more heat than Diesel. Thereby, B50 releases more heat than the Diesel overall. The Brake torque and BMEP decrease with the increase in AFR for each case. In conclusion, H50 and B50 generate higher BTE than Diesel. Meanwhile, this comes at the cost of a rise in NOx concentration. When the exhaust gas recirculation is applied at 25 %, the NOx concentration is reduced drastically, and it is further deduced that the rate of change of EGR is inversely proportional to the NOx concentration.

Combined application of ANN prediction and RSM optimization of performance and emission parameters of a diesel engine using diesel-biodiesel-propanol fuel blends

In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to estimated the performance and exhaust emission parameters of a diesel engine running on diesel, biodiesel, and propanol fuel mixtures. In addition, the parameters estimated by ANN were tried determining the optimum operating parameter by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In the experimental study, propanol was added in 3 different ratios (5%, 10% and 20%) into 100% diesel, 80% diesel and 20% biodiesel fuel blends. In addition, engine tests, were made at 5 different engine speeds with 400 min-1 intervals between 1000 min-1 and 2600 min-1 revolutions at full load. In addition, HC (Hydrocarbon), CO (Carbon Monoxide), NOX (Nitrogen oxides) and Smoke emissions were measured during in the working. ANN model was developed for estimation of engine output parameters depending on fuel mixture ratios and engine speed. In the ANN results, the regression coefficients (R2) of the proposed model were found to be between 0.924 and 0.99. When the obtained ANN results were compared with the experimental results, it was seen that the maximum mean relative error (MRE) was 6.895%. It has been shown that the applied model can predict with a low error rate. The RSM results showed that the optimum operating parameters were 2034-min-1 engine speed, 74.667% diesel, 11.36% biodiesel and 15% propanol fuel mixture. In addition, in the validation tests of the model where the desirability was 0.7833%, the highest error rate was obtained as 7.37% as a result of NOX. As a result of the study, it was seen that RSM supported ANN is a good method for estimating diesel engine parameters working with diesel/biodiesel/propanol mixtures and determining optimum operating parameters.

Modelling and optimisation of VCR diesel engine parameters fuelled with microalgae methyl-ester: a RSM-coupled Taguchi approach

ABSTRACT Due to the high consumption of fossil fuels and their environmental effects, researchers are attempting to develop clean and environmentally sustainable alternative fuels. This study employs a hybrid statistical approach, combining the Taguchi approach and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), to optimise the input parameters of a diesel engine operating on microalgae methyl ester in order to increase engine performance. Through the execution of L16 pre-designed experiments, this work analyzes the significance of three key process parameters: engine load (25-50-75-100%), fuel injection pressure (200-210-220-230 bar), and microalgae biodiesel blends (B20-B40-B50-B100) with respect to brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The response surface methodology was utilised to conduct an experimental investigation. At 71.52% of the engine load, a 204.23 bar injection pressure and a microalgae biodiesel blend of 20% (B20) were found to be the optimal input parameters. The optimum setting of the input parameters provides responses of 31.83% BTE, 278.658 g/kWh of BSFC, 872.053 g/kWh of CO2, and 1725.57 ppm volume of NOx, respectively. The experimental and predicted responses were compared, and it was found that the optimised values were within acceptable limits, with an error of less than 6%.

ENHANCED DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR MARINE DIESEL ENGINES: ACHIEVING IMO DECARBONIZATION COMPLIANCE

This paper discusses hardware-based methods for monitoring the operational parameters of marine diesel engines and online mathematical modeling techniques (digital twins) for calculating the emissions of CO2, NOx, soot, and other harmful pollutants. It is demonstrated that measuring and analyzing the engine's vibrational diagrams in parallel with gas pressure diagrams in the cylinders allows the evaluation of the actual fuel injection and gas distribution timings. The obtained data is used to refine the mathematical model of the engine's working process, which determines the engine's indicator parameters and power, as well as the emission of harmful substances that need to be monitored in compliance with current IMO requirements. The authors have accumulated experience in using the discussed hardware-based methods for diagnosing marine engines during operation. The hardware and software methods discussed have been implemented into a real-time system for in-service diagnostics of marine engines. The system is designed based on a modern dual-core controller with high performance and low power consumption, incorporating a high-speed ADC with sufficient capability to monitor the working process with a 0.1-degree crankshaft rotation resolution for all types of marine main and auxiliary engines. The system also utilizes wireless data transmission technology. A contemporary Android/iOS smartphone or tablet serves as the computational and graphical component of the system. This real-time system enables the utilization of all the advantages of parallel pressure and vibroacoustic analysis, including real-time determination of key operating parameters, identification of top dead center position, and evaluation of fuel delivery and gas distribution phases. Additionally, it harnesses the benefits of employing a digital twin—an online mathematical model of the engine cylinder's working process. These solutions will enhance diagnostic quality and, ultimately, improve the operational efficiency of marine engines by reducing operational costs and extending the period of reliable, trouble-free operation.

Experimental investigation of emission parameters of diesel engine fueled with various plastic pyrolysis oils

Plastic has various advantages and is becoming more ubiquitous by the year, yet recycling and disposal remain challenges for the world. We conduct tests in this study to evaluate the appropriateness of various Plastic Pyrolysis Oils (PPOs) made from Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and Polypropylene (PP) for diesel engine fuel. Determine which type of plastic pyrolysis oil would function best as an alternative fuel in an experimental investigation. The elemental composition of pyrolysis oil generated from LDPE, HDPE, and PP to diesel was assessed, tabulated, and compared in this study. This study examines emission characteristics (Nitrogen Oxide (NOX), Hydro Carbon (HC), and Carbon Monoxide (CO)) for Diesel, LDPE, HDPE and PP in CI engines using different injection pressure, compression ratio, and load in a specific configuration. In the result of experimental work the CO emission range for diesel and LDPE is exceeded only during overload situations or when the engine load is 100%. The average NOX emission is lowest when PP is used in comparison to other fuels, and the highest NOX emission occurs when LDPE is utilised as a fuel. Increased fumigation rates may be to blame for the rising hydrocarbon content of plastic oil. Unburned hydrocarbon levels are lower at lighter loads due to increased oxygen availability. The use of this whole pyrolysis oil results in a significant decrease in Nitrogen Oxide (NOX), Hydro Carbon (HC), and Carbon Monoxide (CO) exhaust emissions. With the help of this current study. one can solve plastic waste disposal problem and also find any unknown fuel (PPOs) that can be used as an alternative fuel for CI engine or not.

Research on the Impact of Supplying the Air-Cooled D21A1 Engine with RME B100 Biodiesel on Its Operating Parameters

It is known that the use of alternative fuels leads to changes in the operating parameters of internal combustion engines, and the nature of the changes in most cases is not known. Therefore, the question of researching the main operating indicators of the internal combustion engine supplied with RME B100 biodiesel fuel is important, and the results will help to eliminate or reduce negative factors that can lead to the deterioration of the operational and technical indicators of the internal combustion engine. The purpose of the research was to develop an experimental research facility using appropriate equipment and to study the main operational and technical parameters of the air-cooled D21A1 diesel engine on RME B100 biodiesel fuel. To reach the goal, the following tasks were formulated: the development of a test facility and research on the main technical and operational performance indicators of the D21A1 diesel engine on RME B100 biodiesel fuel. The authors’ previous research results were applied in the setting of the D21A1 test engine in the process of RME B100 biodiesel research; namely, to achieve maximum fuel combustion efficiency, the injection moment was increased by 6°. The results ensured the maximum efficiency of using RME B100 biodiesel in engines without making changes to the design of the latter. System analysis and the comparison method were used during the research. In the process of using RME B100 biodiesel fuel on the air-cooled D21A1 engine, we found a decrease in engine torque of 6.5%; a decrease in effective power of 6.7%; a growth in specific effective fuel consumption of up to 22.3%; and an increase in hourly fuel consumption of 14.1%. This is because the use of RME B100 fuel requires changes in the engine design that improve the mixture formation process.

The matching of power performance parameters of marine diesel based on orthogonal principal component analysis

To solve the problem of combining the operating parameters of marine diesel engines after modification. The 4190ZLC-2 type marine medium-speed engine produced by Jinan Diesel Engine Plant is used as the research object. The AVL_FIRE software is used to construct a dual-fuel combustion chamber model and verify the accuracy of the model. The orthogonal test method was used to simulate the combustion parameter matching the indicated power research objective. The method of principal component analysis was used for screening and comprehensive analysis. The results show that among the principal components affecting the indicated power, the cumulative contribution of the first two principal components reaches 99.90%, which basically contains all the information of the five indicators affecting the indicated power of diesel engine and can reflect the combination of power parameters of dual-fuel diesel engine. The study’s results can provide useful references for matching the influencing parameters of the indicated power.

Assessment of diesel engine thermo-characteristics working with hybrid fuel blends

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of multifuel blends on combustion parameters of single-cylinder four-stroke direct injection diesel engines. Engine characteristics (performance, combustion, and emissions) are scanned under the following scenario: initially powered by regular diesel (DF), then 20% biodiesel derived from spirulina green algae. Afterward, 40% water ammonia solution (25% NH3) is used, followed by a hybrid blend (40% DF + 20% biodiesel + 40% NH4OH). Simulations are performed using Diesel-RK software. In contrast to diesel and biodiesel, aqueous ammonia solution has a longer delay period due to lower cetane number. In comparison with diesel, the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) is increased by 1.6%, 3.8% for biodiesel and NH4OH, while it is decreased by 13% for hybrid fuel. Peak values of pressure and temperature are reduced. All fuel blends under consideration had significant reductions in nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Bosch smoke number (BSN). Hybrid fuel reduced NOx emissions by 37% and BSN by 53.5% compared to DF. Compared to DF, there was a slight increase in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) coupled with a decrease in thermal brake efficiency (BTE). The optimal fuel compromise for dual-fuel diesel engines is the usage of biodiesel and aqueous ammonia together (hybrid mode). There is an excellent convergence between these outcomes and those of other scientists.