Cylinder Diesel Engine Research Articles

A diesel engine valve leakage fault diagnostic method using modified VGG19 and transfer learning

ABSTRACT Traditional deep learning-based fault diagnosis methods for diesel engine valve leakage, often rely on large datasets. This study proposes the GAP-VGG19-BN method based on VGG19 and transfer learning. Global average pooling (GAP) is adopted to replace the full connection layer and improve parameter reduction. Batch Normalization (BN) layers are set after each convolution layer to enhance the computational speed. We build a small-scale dataset using the time–frequency and the wavelet methods constructed from the diesel engine cylinder head vibration signal. The GAP-VGG19-BN is pre-trained through ImageNet; then, the well-trained parameters are transferred onto the constructed dataset. The BN method is adopted to make the learning rate approach obtain an optimal global solution of learning rate. Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy, stronger robustness, less computational cost, and better generalisation for small-scale datasets. The proposed method enriches the fault diagnosis method of diesel engine valve leakage.

Energy, Exergy, Entropy, emission factors (4E’s) and sustainability index analyses of thermal splintering waste paraffin Oil, di-ethyl ether − diesel blends

The study involves using thermal cracking techniques and enhancing fuel quality by incorporating di-ethyl ether, referred to as blended stock solution (BSS). In this work, an investigation was conducted on the Entropy, Energy, Emission Factors, Sustainability Index (SI) analyses, Exergy of BSS-diesel blends and the correlation between BSS-diesel blends and pure diesel. A single cylinder diesel engine running at speed of 1500 rpm was used for this experiment. The engine was tested with various blend ratios, including BSS20, BSS40, BSS60, BSS100, and pure diesel. The findings indicate that BSS60 has the best levels of exergy efficiency and energy, with a value of 30.35 % and 28.50 % respectively, surpassing other blends and pure diesel. The research findings suggest that BSS60 exhibited the lowest level of entropy formation compared to other fuel blends and pure diesel. The BSS60 exhibits the highest level of sustainability index. Emission factors of carbon monoxide (CO), demonstrate lower emission index (EI) and specific emissions (SE) as compared to both pure diesel and its blends. The emissions of NOx have shown a notable increase of 3.37 % in both the EI and SE when compared to pure diesel. The conclusions suggest the BSS60 exhibits superior performance and is suitable for use in direct-injection diesel engines.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Thermal Boundary Conditions of Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Cylinder Head for Different Combustion and Fuel

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Thermal Boundary Conditions of Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Cylinder Head for Different Combustion and Fuel

An Optimized Vibration Signal Compressed Sensing Based on Phase Blocking K-SVD Algorithm for Marine Diesel Engine Cylinders

An Optimized Vibration Signal Compressed Sensing Based on Phase Blocking K-SVD Algorithm for Marine Diesel Engine Cylinders

Investigation of the effects of hemp seed oil/diesel/cetane improver fuel blends on diesel engine responses

ABSTRACT Four different fuels consisting of D80K5E15, D82.5K5E12.5, D85K5E10 and D100 were examined as to fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in a single cylinder diesel engine. Experiments were examined at 1500 W, 1000 W and 500 W loads, with the highest being 2000 W. Compared with D100 fuel, It has been observed that there was a 15.3% increase in Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) in the D80K5E15 mixture, a 6% increase in BSFC in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and a 2.3% increase in the D85K5E10 mixture. Exhaust emission values obtained from the experiments were examined. Emission values of D100 fuel were compared with the emission values of three other fuels. According to D100 fuel; carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased by 16.8% in the D80K5E15 mixture, 26.6% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and 12.2% in the D85K5E10 mixture, Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased by 30.4% in the D80K5E15 mixture, 42.6% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and decreased by 12.2% in the D85K5E10 mixture. It decreased by 26.5%, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions decreased by 2.2% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and by 0.7% in the D85K5E10 mixture. However, compared to D100 fuel; Oxygen (O2) emission increased by 0.4% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and increased by 0.05% in the D85K5E10 mixture, nitrogen oxide (NOX) emission increased by 25.9% in the D80K5E15 mixture, increased by 30.4% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and increased by 0.05% in the D85K5E10 mixture. It increased by 26.9%. When the D100 fuel was compared with the other three fuel blends, the lowest HC and CO emissions were achieved in the D82.5K5E12.5 fuel blend with 26.6% and 42.6%, respectively. In addition, the lowest NOX emissions were obtained with D100 fuel compared to the D100 fuel of the other three fuel mixtures. The lowest CO emission was 0.025%) in D82.5K5E12.5 fuel at 2000 W load, and the lowest HC emission was 3.00 (ppm) in D82.5K5E12.5 fuel at 1000 W load. In this study, when D100 fuel was compared with the other three fuel mixtures, there has been a substantial reduction in CO and HC emissions and a relative reduction in CO2 emissions. Compared to D100 fuel, the desired reduction in CO, HC and CO2 emissions was achieved for the other three fuel mixtures.

Optimization and experimental investigation of compression ignition diesel engine performance and emission characteristics with gulmohar biodiesel/diesel blends using response surface methodology

Abstract This research focuses on biodiesel production from Gulmohar seeds using the transesterification method, with methanol as a catalyst at a 75% yield of Gulmohar oil biodiesel. Further, the biodiesel mixed with diesel at various blend ratios such as B20, B30, B40 and B50 and physicochemical characteristics are examined. The experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics on single cylinder diesel engine using gulmohar biodiesel and diesel blends and compare the results with those from diesel. According to the findings, B20 blend emission characteristics and performance are very similar to the diesel fuel trend. Under full load, the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (0.305 kg/kW.h) and Brake thermal efficiency (26.02%) for the B20 blend, which is closer to diesel and variations are 4.81% and 8.1%, respectively. Throughout the experiment, HC, CO, and smoke emission parameters were either less or equal for gulmohar biodiesel and its blends compared to diesel. However, the NOx emission of the biodiesel blends is 2 to 12% higher than diesel, but B20 has a 2.35% higher and lowest value among all the other blends. In addition, a central composite design (CCD) model using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) will be created, and the outcomes of a Compression Ignition (CI) engine will be optimized. Both analyses concluded that B20 is the most optimal blend among other blends and serves as a substitute for diesel.

Rice Bran Oil as Emerging Green Fuels: Exploration on Combustion Behaviours of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine (Light-Duty Engine)

In the current work, an experiment was conducted to examine the combustion properties of a single cylinder compression ignition direct ignition engine fuelled with rice bran oil at different engine loads. The investigation focused on the analysis of cylinder pressure and exhaust gas temperature as key factors in combustion. The fuel blends utilized in this study consist of various proportions of diesel and rice bran oil, including 100% pure diesel (RBO00), a blend of 25% rice bran oil and 75% pure diesel (RBO25), a blend of 50% rice bran oil and 50% pure diesel (RBO50), a blend of 75% rice bran oil and 25% pure diesel (RBO75), and 100% rice bran oil (RBO100). Comparisons are made between the results of an experiment using rice bran oil (RBO25, RBO50, RBO75, and RBO100) and a diesel engine (RBO00). RBO00 exhibits a greater heat output per unit mass compared to RBO25, RBO50, RBO75, and RBO100 blends because of the highest value of calorific value (CV) among others blends. Consequently, RBO00 demonstrated a higher measurement of exhaust gas temperature (EGT). One further contributing factor was the increased exhaust gas temperature (EGT), which led to an extended ignition delay, resulting in a lengthier fuel combustion process and the egress of combustion gas from the combustion chamber at higher temperatures. RBO100 achieved the highest cylinder pressure in both 50 % and 100 % engine load settings. The RBO100 blends fuel successfully achieved the optimal cylinder pressure in both 50 % and 100 % engine load conditions. The cylinder pressure for RBO00 (pure diesel) was the lowest at both half and full loads. The observed decrease in peak pressure can be attributed to the decreased cetane number (CN) and oxygen concentration found in RBO00 in comparison to the mixed fuels of RBOs. This will affect the completion of combustion such as wear and tear for the cylinder and piston. Under both 50 % and 100 % engine load condition, the cylinder pressure for RBO00 (pure diesel) was the lowest. In summary, rice bran oil showed superior combustion behaviour compared to pure diesel, and the mixture blends RBO75 and RBO100 can be thought of as ideal in terms of exhaust gas temperature and cylinder pressure.

An experimental investigation on the performance of a single cylinder diesel engine at various partial loads

This study investigates various partial load characteristics of a diesel engine, including brake specific fuel consumption, torque, and power, to get insight into these performances in practice. Firstly, these characteristics were experimentally examined with approximate 25, 50, 75, and 85 % fuel rack settings at 900–2400 rpm engine speeds. Then, more operating modes were investigated to build characteristics corresponding to constant fuel quantity per engine cycle. The results indicate that the practical partial load characteristics significantly differ from the theory of full-load characteristics since the fuel quantity per cycle varies even though the rack is fixed. Especially at low loads, the fuel quantity per cycle increases enormously with engine speed due to the significant influence of pressure waves. Hence, torque and power increase continuously, making it challenging to control the engine operation. In contrast, because the reduction in fuel viscosity and pump efficiency balances the pressure wave effects at high loads, fuel quantity per cycle remains relatively constant, making the characteristics more similar to the theory. Besides, if fuel quantity per cycle is kept constant, the trends in partial load curves follow the theory, which can be approximately predicted. These findings reveal that considering fuel quantity per cycle is significant when studying diesel engine partial loads, notably at low loads. The study contributes a vital basis for further investigating and modeling the partial characteristics of diesel engines. Also, it is a crucial reference for estimating the suitable working conditions of engine-driven systems in practice.

Effect of hybrid nanoparticles dispersed ternary fuel blend on diesel engine performance and emissions: Experimental and Taguchi-Grey relation study

The present study deals with the influence of hybrid nanoparticles dispersed in ternary fuel mixtures on the evaluation of the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine. The fuel blend consists of 70 % diesel, 20 % Madhuca longifolia biodiesel, and 10 % ethanol (by volume). The hybrid nanoparticles of ferric chloride (FeCl3) and graphene nanoparticles were then added to this ternary fuel mixture in different proportions, namely 50 mg/L and 75 mg/L, together with the surfactant and the dispersant in a ratio of 1:1. Moreover, the experiments were conducted on a diesel engine to evaluate the performance and emission parameters by varying different fuel samples, different loads (3, 6, 9, and 12 kgf) and injection pressures (i.e. 200, 225,and 250 bar). In addition, the Taguchi-Grey relation analysis was used for optimization, and the input parameters are fuel samples, loads and injection pressures. Experimental performance metrics, including brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE), were improved when hybrid nanoparticles were added to the ternary fuel blend compared to diesel. At the same time, smoke opacity, nitrogen oxides (NOx), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were reduced. Increasing the injection pressure also led to positive results, apart from NOx. Both performance and emissions were better for hybrid nanofuel based on surfactants and dispersants than for the base fuel, and it performed better of all dispersant-added nanofuels. The better results were obtained with D70B20E10NPs75QPAN75 mg/L than with the other fuel samples. The maximum BTE and lowest BSFC are 33.26 % and 0.206 kg/kWh, while the minimized CO, UHC, NOx and smoke values at full load are 0.019 %, 21 ppm, 833 ppm and 36.25 %, respectively, at full load and injection pressure of 250 bar By combining experimental investigations with the Taguchi -Grey method, a comprehensive and rapid assessment of the effects on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines was achieved.

Parametric Evaluation of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Fueled with Goat-Urine Emulsified Diesel

Parametric Evaluation of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Fueled with Goat-Urine Emulsified Diesel

Optimization of biodiesel blend on single cylinder diesel engine using Taguchi method

Optimization of biodiesel blend on single cylinder diesel engine using Taguchi method

Investigating the Characteristics of Injecting and Spraying Methanol-Containing Fuel in a Diesel Engine

Introduction. The operation of eco friendly and high-efficiency internal combustion engines is not possible without deep and comprehensive study of using new types of fuels. That is why, forecasting the indicators of injecting and spraying in a diesel engine running on a mixed alcohol-containing fuel, which have a direct effect on the combustion and formation of toxic components and, as a result, on efficiency and eco friendliness, is an urgent scientific task.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at developing a theoretical basis for calculating the characteristics of injecting and spraying methanol-containing fuel into diesel engine cylinders that allows optimizing its processes.Materials and Methods. There are considered the characteristics of injecting and spraying alcohol-containing fuel in a diesel engine modified to operate on a mixed methanol-containing fuel. There were used the well-known A.S. Lyshevsky dependencies, which fairly reliably reflect the processes of injecting and spraying in diesel engines.Results. The in-depth studies of the basic principles for evaluating the indicators of injecting and spraying standard fuel made it possible to adapt them for fuels of mixed methanol-containing composition and to investigate the dynamics of changes in the duration and speed of injection, the Weber criterion values, the boundaries between the areas of fuel jet forming, droplet size and spraying angle.Discussion and Conclusion. There has been developed a theoretical basis for calcu­lating the characteristics of injecting and spraying methanol-containing fuel that makes it possible to optimize the operation of a diesel engine running on mixed fuel and, as a result, improve its efficiency and eco friendliness. The presented numerically information on the change in the boundaries of the fuel jet forming areas, the size of the droplets and the angle of the spraying cone allows us to reliably determine the basic parameters of spraying of the used mixed methanol-containing fuels, determine the vector of optimization of the mixing processes and gives insight into the promising directions in designing the geometry of combustion chambers, intake ducts, etc.

Speculative investigation of performance & combustion of waste plastic oil blended with diesel as an alternate fuel in single cylinder diesel engine employing is: 10000 standards

In contemporary times, plastic waste recycling has emerged as a crucial trend, presenting significant potential for plastic reformulation and recyclability. Waste plastic, owing to its high calorific value and abundance, serves as a promising energy source. Through the pyrolysis process, plastic waste can be converted into pyrolysis oil, which exhibits properties akin to conventional diesel fuel and can be seamlessly integrated into engines. This study investigates the synthesis of waste plastic oil (WPO) via pyrolysis using a diverse feedstock comprising various types and grades of plastic. The resulting oil, resembling diesel in characteristics, is evaluated for its performance in a compression ignition (CI) engine equipped with a variable compression ratio.Experimental tests are conducted using blends of WPO and diesel ranging from 0% to 100%, across different engine loads spanning from partial to full load conditions (2 kg to 12 kg). The combustion characteristics, engine performance metrics, and emission profiles are meticulously analyzed and compared against those of conventional diesel fuel. The findings indicate that the engine exhibits comparable performance with WPO at higher loads, akin to that with diesel. However, at lower loads, an extended delay period is observed, contributing to engine stabilization.These results underscore the potential of renewable plastic oil as a viable alternative fuel for diesel engine applications, particularly under specific operating conditions. The study provides valuable insights into the feasibility and performance implications of integrating waste plastic oil into compression ignition engines, contributing to the ongoing discourse on sustainable energy solutions and waste management practices.

Study of the diesel fuel drop vaporization and combustion at a hydrogen-diesel fuel dual fuelled diesel engine

Abstract The present paper shows the analysis of the results of the theoretical model developed by authors for diesel fuel drops vaporization study, air-diesel fuel-hydrogen mixture forming estimation and diesel fuel drops combustion in the presence of air-hydrogen mixtures set in the cylinder before the start of conventional fuel injection. The model is applied to a single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with diesel fuel and hydrogen, in dual mode by diesel gas method, at the engine speed of 900 rev/min. For a diesel fuel drop the vaporization speed, mixture formation speed, combustion speed, flame radius are presented and analysed. At hydrogen use, the cyclic amount of diesel fuel is reduced and the vaporization duration of the diesel fuel drop is reduced comparative to classic fuelling. At dual fuelling, the combustion of the burning of air-hydrogen mixtures in the vicinity of diesel droplets leads to reduced vaporization time, with 43%, an increased vaporization rate, with 26.9% and an accelerated formation of the mixture between diesel fuel and air-hydrogen mixture. Further, the combustion speed increase with 6.9%, the combustion time is decreased with 6% and the flame radius increase with 6.7%.

Tribological investigation of the new combustion chamber with wall-guided fuel injection in a diesel engine

Reducing pollutants and increasing thermal efficiency in internal combustion engines is possible by creating better air-fuel mixtures and optimizing the combustion process. In this context, a new combustion chamber providing directed fuel injection was used in a single cylinder diesel engine with a standard combustion chamber. Thus, it was aimed to investigate the tribological behavior of engines with different combustion chambers on long-term engine operation. In engine experiments using two different combustion chambers, the engine was operated at 100 h and partial load. The results of the study showed that changes in combustion chamber structure closely modify engine tribology under the same engine and operating conditions (compression ratio, spray angle and amount, speed, etc.). Looking at the cylinder surfaces examined under an optical microscope, the new combustion chamber showed abrasive wear lines with lower intensity than the standard combustion chamber, while SEM/EDX analysis of the piston ring surfaces showed a similar result. Especially when the analysis of the second ring used in the standard combustion chamber is examined, abrasion occurred in a wider area. Abrasive wear lines were found to be longer, especially in the first ring of the new combustion chamber. It is considered that combustion parameters and exhaust formation processes bring about load/temperature variations of engine lubricating oil and engine components in a chain reaction. This has been found to change the wear levels in engine components and could directly contribute to engine life.

Numerical and experimental analyses for performance and emissions assessment of a four-stroke engine powered by oleic acid methyl ester biofuel made from waste frying oil

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Recently, several earlier works conducted research works dedicated to replacing fossil-based fuels with environmentally friendly ones. The goal of the research is to construct a multivariate linear regression model for the attributes of a four-cylinder diesel engine fueled by biodiesel. In this context, the goal of the research is to structure a multiple linear regression example for characterizing a four-cylinder engine fueled by biodiesel. In fact, experimental research was conducted on an agricultural tractor equipped with a 4-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine. The biodiesel is made from waste frying oil without blending referred to as the oleic acid methyl ester (OAME) biofuel. The biodiesel was extracted through a chemical transesterification reaction. The four-stroke engine is tested for both pure OAME biofuel and conventional diesel. One-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted. A strong correlation between numerical and experimental data was observed, validating the numerical model. Using the engine model, in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, in-cylinder temperature, and emissions including Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>), and Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) were recorded across a broad range of engine operating speeds. Additionally, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake power were numerically calculated and compared to experimental data. The results showed that usage of the OAME as a biofuel could be a promising solution that enables similar performances with lower CO emissions compared to petroleum diesel particularly at low engine speeds.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

Design of a novel impulse turbine for exhaust energy recovery in a commercial load carrier single cylinder diesel engine

A significant fraction of the fuel energy supplied in a diesel engine is wasted into the atmosphere through the exhaust gases. Although most modern-day diesel engines are turbocharged, a few remain naturally aspirated. Due to technical challenges, single-cylinder engines are not turbocharged and remain naturally aspirated (NA). The intermittent and pulsated exhaust gas flow tends to choke the turbine and increase the back pressure. On the other hand, supercharging a single-cylinder engine leads to superior performance at the expense of fuel efficiency, as a significant fraction of the energy is wasted in the exhaust. The current study employs a novel crank shaft coupled impulse turbine for effective exhaust energy recovery in a supercharged, high-speed, commercial single-cylinder diesel engine. This novel impulse turbo-compounded and supercharged engine layout was simulated using a 1D model developed using AVL BOOST software. Based on the results of the 1D model, the impulse turbine design was carried out. A CFD simulation of the impulse turbine was carried out using commercially available CONVERGE. The major design parameters, including blade profile, blade width, nozzle shape, size and angle, blade angles, blade speed, number of blades, and turbine outlet port opening, were optimized using the CFD software. The simulated results showed that the designed impulse turbine generated 2.67 kW of power, enhancing the power output of the supercharged engine by 21% at the rated operating condition. The turbine efficiency was 68%, considering the available kinetic energy at the exhaust. Simulation results indicate that the impulse turbine compounded supercharged engine could generate 15.4 kW of power, 45% higher than the base NA engine brake power output.

Modeling the impact of plastic oil obtained from xlpe cable wastes on diesel engine performance and combustion parameters with the response surface method

The world's expanding population requires alternative energy sources to meet its energy needs. One such alternative is the efficient recovery of plastic waste through pyrolysis. The liquid produced from waste plastics via pyrolysis is a valuable commodity that may serve as fuel substituted for internal combustion engines. In this study, waste plastic oil (WPO) and diesel fuel (D100) blends (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by volume) obtained by pyrolysis of waste XLPE cables were experimentally investigated and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM) to determine their effects on the combustion parameters of a four-stroke, single cylinder diesel engine at different engine loads (750, 1500, 2250, 3000, 3750 and 4500 W). A response surface model was constructed using a two-factor central composite complete design and analysis of variance based on the experimental results obtained. The model determined the optimum values of WPO ratio and engine load that correspond to one of the finest brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke emission levels. The study's optimization findings indicated that the optimal WPO ratio is 19.6%, and the optimal engine load is 2600 W. The BTE, BSFC, CO, HC, NOx, and smoke were found to be 22.3%, 332.3 g/kWh, 0.033%, 31.5 ppm, 397.9 ppm, and 1.63%, respectively, at the optimal WPO ratio and engine load. The R2 (correlation coefficient) values for BTE, BSFC, CO, HC, NOx, and smoke emissions were determined to be 99.95%, 97.76%, 98.10%, 99.74%, 99.74%, 99.79%, and 95.67%, respectively. The mean error rates, ranging from 0.64% to 4.27%, were deemed satisfactory when comparing the replies to the experimental data. The findings of this study demonstrated that the response surface method is a very efficient approach for forecasting and enhancing a diesel engine's performance and emission characteristics by using waste plastic oil.

A Comprehensive Approach to Biodiesel Blend Selection Using GRA-TOPSIS: A Case Study of Waste Cooking Oils in Egypt

The transition to sustainable energy sources is critical for addressing global environmental challenges. In 2017, Egypt produced about 500,000 tons of waste cooking oil from various sources including food industries, restaurants and hotels. Sadly, 90% of households choose to dispose of their used cooking oil by pouring it down the drain or into their village’s sewers instead of using proper disposal methods. The process involves converting waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel.This study introduces a multi-criteria decision-making approach to identify the optimal biodiesel blend from waste cooking oils in Egypt. By leveraging the grey relational analysis (GRA) combined with the technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS), we evaluate eight biodiesel blends (diesel, B5, B10, B20, B30, B50, B75, B100) against various performance metrics, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, particulate matter, engine power, fuel consumption, engine noise, and exhaust gas temperature. The experimental analysis used a single-cylinder, constant-speed, direct-injection eight cylinder diesel engine under varying load conditions. Our methodology involved feature engineering and model building to enhance predictive accuracy. The results demonstrated significant improvements in monitoring accuracy, with diesel, B5, and B20 emerging as the top-performing blends. Notably, the B5 blend showed the best overall performance, balancing efficiency and emissions. This study highlights the potential of integrating advanced AI-driven decision-making frameworks into biodiesel blend selection, promoting cleaner energy solutions and optimizing engine performance. Our findings underscore the substantial benefits of waste cooking oils for biodiesel production, contributing to environmental sustainability and energy efficiency.

Improving tension fatigue performance of gray cast iron by LSPwC-induced gradient structure and carbon diffusion

HT250 Gray cast iron (GCI) commonly utilized in diesel engine cylinders, is susceptible to fatigue failure under alternating stress conditions. To address this issue, the investigation involved the application of laser shock peening without coating (LSPwC) on HT250 GCI to assess its impact on the high cycle tension fatigue properties of the material. Both experimental and simulation methodologies were employed to analyze the effects of LSPwC on residual stress, microhardness, and microstructure in HT250 GCI. The LSPwC resulted in a substantial 29% enhancement in the high cycle tension fatigue limit of the HT250 GCI, which is attributed to a synergistic combination of factors induced by LSPwC, including high-amplitude compressive residual stresses, elevated microhardness, grain refinement, and carbon diffusion. This study contributes valuable insights into the reinforcement of complex cast components.