Combustion Characteristics Of Diesel Engine Research Articles

Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine with hydrogen fuel and nano additives

One of the most popular techniques for reducing emissions, in particular nitrogen oxide (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matter (PM), is exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). In an EGR system, the intake manifold is used to re-introduce some of the exhaust gases into the combustion chamber. Diesel engine performance could be enhanced by employing the right number of nano additives. Nano additions aid in increasing efficiency when using hydro fuel. The following systems are impacted by the use of EGR: brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), diesel engine combustion characteristics, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), engine speed, CO2 and HC emissions, turbocharged diesel engine performance characteristics, fuels, temperature, and on EGR.

Emission Characteristics of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants from a Light-Duty Diesel Engine with SDPF.

Due to the inherent combustion characteristics of diesel engines, particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the main pollutants of diesel engines. NOx emissions under low load and low temperature are the focus of future regulation. Selective catalytic reduction coated on diesel particulate filter (SDPF) can reduce NOx and PM emissions of diesel engines at the same time, especially improving the emission characteristics of NOx under low load and low temperature. In this paper, a light-duty diesel engine with diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and SDPF was studied, and emission of particulate and gaseous pollutants of the engine before DOC, after DOC, and after SDPF was measured under 10 steady-state operating conditions. The effects of SDPF on particulate size distribution, the filtration efficiency of particulate, and the conversion efficiency of gaseous pollutants were analyzed. The results show that DOC + SDPF can trap PM with particle sizes between 10 and 23 nm by 1-2 orders of magnitude, and the conversion and filtration efficiency of DOC + SDPF for both gaseous pollutants and PM exceeds 90% under low-temperature and low-load conditions. The filtration efficiency of SDPF is 94.37% for PM and 90.36% for PN, and the conversion efficiency is 91.43% for NOx.

Experimental and simulation study of methanol/coal-to-liquid (CTL) reactivity and combustion characteristics of diesel engines in RCCI mode

An experimental and simulation study of the RCCI combustion mode of coal-based fuels (methanol prepared from coke oven gas/coal-to-liquid, Methanol/CTL)) was carried out on a modified dual-fuel compression ignition (CI) engine. The mechanism by which Methanol/CTL, which has a significant difference in reactivity, promotes engine combustion and thermal efficiency is revealed. The results show that with the increasing load (i.e., load recovery ratio (LRR)) supplied by methanol, the reactivity gradient inside the cylinder increased from 28% to 451%, and the area of the ignition region was rapidly enlarged, and the reactivity of the ignition region increased. The HC and CO emissions increase by 1350% and 6866%, while the soot and NOX are reduced by a maximum of 25% and 15%. The reactivity of the ignition region increased by 8% to 26 %. Diffusion combustion forms a strong linear correlation with reactivity, with a maximum reduction of about 30 times in the premixed-to-diffusion combustion ratio. Concentration of the exothermic centre towards the top-dead-centre (TDC) is increased by a maximum of 18%, with an increase in the coefficient of variability (COV) by a maximum of 90%, indicative thermal efficiency (ITE) by a maximum of 22% and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by a maximum of 17%. The LRR does not exceed 50% while the engine maintains stable operation and 30% while maintaining power and fuel economy.

The influence of single and multi-carbon nanotubes as additives in diesel-biodiesel fuel blends on diesel engine combustion characteristics, performance, and emissions

The introduction of biodiesel as a suitable alternative fuel has been made in response to the issues with fossil fuels, such as their overconsumption, threats to the environment, and rising costs. Researchers have therefore been interested in locating new sources for the manufacture of biodiesel. Additionally, due to their exceptional qualities, carbon nanotubes have attracted attention in other fields. The current study aims to examine the impact of single and multi-carbon nanotubes (SCNT and MCNT) as an additive at 25, 50, and 75 ppm on diesel engine combustion characteristics, performance, and emissions. The base fuel is a blend of pure diesel and biodiesel (B5, B10, B15, and B20). Nanotubes were created, TEM and XRD analyzed, and ultrasonically blended with diesel + biodiesel blends at 25, 50, and 75 ppm. When MCNT and SCNT are added to fuel blends, peak pressure rise and heat release rates increase by up to 18.88% and 19.65%, respectively. Increased carbon nanotube content in fuel 10 blends enhanced brake power, torque and BTE by 4.7–4.8%, 3.1–3.2% and 0.2–5.2%, respectively, while lowering brake-specific fuel consumption by 6.5–6.9%. HC, CO2, and NO x emissions were also higher by 0.2–5.2%, 0.5–8.7% and 0.3–6.8%, respectively.

Production of upgraded fuel blend from fast pyrolysis bio-oil and organic solvent using a novel three-stage catalytic process and its combustion characteristics in a diesel engine

An interdisciplinary approach involving the production and engine testing of a fuel blend containing upgraded bio-oil and fossil-derived solvent has been investigated in this present study. First, a novel 3-stage process of solvent-assisted catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil was used to obtain a fuel blend with nearly 18 vol% biofuel content. Upgrading reactions were carried out between 160 °C and 300 °C, with 10 bar hydrogen gas, using 5 wt% Pt/Al203 catalyst for each of the three stages, with the main conversion reactions occurring in the first stage. The upgrading process produced 21.8 wt% of hydrocarbon-rich biofuel on bio-oil basis, achieving a high degree of deoxygenation with only 0.19 wt% oxygen in the final product. This was followed by the study of its combustion and emission characteristics in a 3-cylinder diesel engine, using a 10 vol% biofuel content in kerosene. All relevant testing regimes for liquid fuels were carried out, with its combustion and emission characteristics showing superior or similar results to those of conventions kerosene and diesel. The tested biofuel blend showed 2 % increments in engine performance. Overall, this work represents a significant advancement in the production of green liquid hydrocarbon-rich fuels for transport and domestic uses.

Investigation of Diesel Engine Combustion Characteristics for Varying Nozzle Depth at Different Spray Angles

The demand for petroleum-derived fuels is increasing every day despite their speculations about the exhaustion of petroleum fuel. Petroleum-derived fuels are classified as a suspect element for humans due to their known primary adverse effects on the environment. The concern is that the demand for petroleum fuel will rise along with the market price. Researchers around the world focus on reducing the harmful effects of petroleum fuel or finding some other substitute for petroleum fuels. A Kirloskar single cylinder diesel engine (model TV-1) was selected for simulation using commercially available AVL FIRE software. The published articles indicate the operating conditions and limitations of the single cylinder diesel engine. The geometry of the hemispherical cup piston is generated and networked in software, then the search is processed by selecting three different spray angles, such as 120o, 140o, and 160o. The standard spray angle is 120o. In addition, four nozzle depths are included in the search to analyze the effect of nozzle depth on combustion parameters. The nozzles are available in four depths: 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm. while the nozzle depth is 1 mm standard nozzle depth. Four nozzle depths with spray angles of 120°, 140°, and 160° are examined. The results returned the combustion parameter and depend on the spray angle and the depth of the nozzle. To obtain an adequate combustion result from the above scenario, some trade-offs in terms of combustion parameters need to be considered.

Combined Effect of CNG and EGR on the Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Engine in Dual Fuel mode

Severe and adverse energy crises in future, day by day ever elevating cost of fuels, dangerous emissions emitted with conventional fuels made internal combustion engine scientists to discover and look at the likelihood of usage of alternate, clean and less or zero emissions fluids and vaporous fuels for IC engines, especially compression ignition diesel engines (DE) since existing DE are under stringent pollutions regulation that too for smoke and NOx in their tail pipe fumes. The main target of this work is to examine the emission, combustion and performance attributes of a diesel engine running with a wide range of loads with a constant speed of 1500rpm with a 30% steedy energy share of CNG and varying EGR of 5%,10% and 15% using diesel as pilot fuel. BSEC of dual fuel mode engine is discovered superior to neat diesel engine mode at higher load. It is discovered that there is an uncommon decrease in NOX, CO2, and smoke density, increment in UHC, CO in the fumes of dual fuel engine at all loads. Comparative results are given for dual fuel mode with variable measures of EGR at various loads conditions and detailed the impact of the application of EGR on combustion, performance and emission processes.

Optimization of Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled by Biofuels and Its Diesel Blends with Additive Titanium Dioxide Nano-Particles

The fuel crisis throughout the world made many countries to be aware of their vulnerability to oil shortages. So many researches are still in progress and focus on the growth of bio fuel usage. In this regard, alternative fuels and the drivetrain play a major rule in critical emission issues. However, at the same time, enormous and vast number of vehicles have started to claim and place their heavy demand for alternative sources of fuel. Of course, gasoline and diesel, the conventional fuels will become scarce and much costlier. With a present known reserves and steep rise of demand and rate of consumption, hope of crude oil import is not going to last long. The CFD investigation is to find the combustion characteristics of the BioFuel with the various compositions of mixing with diesel, the Kirloskar IC Engine is taken for this research and the results of pressure, velocity, turbulence kinetic energy, temperature gradients, fuel combustions, oxidizers volume fractions also obtained from the CFD analysis results. CFD Analysis of Biodiesel combustion done in ANSYS Fluent. Software modeling of IC Engine done in CATIA V5 Software. Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME) and Mahua Methyl Ester (MME) are used for this research. Combustion characteristics in addition to emission parameters are assessed then a conclusion can be drawn.

A comparative study of methyl ester blend ratio on thermal stability and combustion characteristics of diesel engine

A comparative study of methyl ester blend ratio on thermal stability and combustion characteristics of diesel engine

Effect of Diesel-Biodiesel-Methanol Blends on Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Engine

Due to the increase in fossil fuel prices, limited reserves and environmental damage, researchers turned to renewable energy sources. Studies have been conducted on the use of biodiesel to reduce the use of fossil fuels used in vehicles. In this study, biodiesel obtained from cottonseed oil by transesterification method was used as fuel. Cotton oil methyl ester and methanol, different proportions of fuels (diesel fuel (DF), 20% biodiesel (BD20) by volume, 20% methanol (AL20) and derivatives (BD20AL20) were obtained. The effects of DF and other fuels on the combustion and performance characteristics were discussed. The tests were conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine at the varying engine speeds from 1750 to 3250 rpm with the intervals of 500 rpm. In comparison with that of conventional DF, the BSFC value of BD20, BD20AL20, and AL20 test fuels has exhibited a significant increment with 10.4%, 39%, and 24%, respectively. DF has the highest value with 28.93% BTE. The reason of the high BTE for DF is the heating value, and high-energy content thereof. In comparison with that of DF, the BTE value of BD20, BD20AL20, and AL20 test fuels has exhibited a significant decrease with 6.8%, 16.74% and 9.5%, respectively. Maximum in-cylinder pressure and maximum heat release rate values are observed for the test fuels containing biofuels due to their low cetane number as compared to that of DF.

Performance and emission predictions of a CRDI engine powered with diesel fuel: A combined study of injection parameters variation and Box-Behnken response surface methodology based optimization

The operating mode of reactivity-controlled compression ignition appears as an effective technique for improving the engine's efficiency and emission reduction. This study investigates the emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engines operating under the reactivity-controlled compression ignition mode. The primary objective of this research is to examine the effect of fuel injection timings (7.5, 12.5 and 17.5 bTDC) and injection pressure (500 and 1000 bar), experimental testing is carried out on single cylinder water-cooled testing engines at constant speed of 1500 rpm with variable engine load (16, 20 and 24 Nm). In case of a fuel injection pressure of 1000 bar, the maximum brake specific fuel consumption of 0.42 kg/kWh is registered with a brake mean effective pressure of 3.2 bar. In this experimental study, Box-Behnken based response surface methodology was used to predict the optimal input parameters, resulting in the optimal combination of output and emission parameters. In addition, a statistically relevant test analysis of variance has been developed to obtain a 'regression model.' Results have shown that the proposed 'Regression Model' is ideally suited to 0.095 standard deviation, 0.972 modified R2 and 18.482 acceptable accuracy. This analysis also attempts to describe the application of the response surface methodology analysis to optimize the emission and performance parameters.

The Effect of Biodiesel on Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of DI Diesel Engine

Biodiesel fuels play an important role in addressing issues such as food security and environmental pollution. Diesel oil fuel and biodiesel-diesel blends (including B5S, B10S, and B100S which are produced from the rubber seed oil by supercritical methods) are going to be examined in this study. Engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of diesel engine were studied. The results of this experimental research show that the oxygen content of biodiesel helps to improve combustion, reduce ignition delay and decrease a significant amount of smoke density emitted from the engine; however, improved combustion has resulted in a slight increase in the amount of NOx. The results from this study have made contribution to the development and use of biodiesel fuel.

Experimental and Theoretical Performance Analysis of Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Engine using Bio Diesel as an Alternate Fuel

In this study the biodiesel derived from different vegetable oil esters (VOE) including Jatropha and Karanja is compared with diesel. The efficiency, emission and combustion properties of different VOE in single cylinder compression ignition engine were compared with Diesel. The main objective of our study is the theoretical and experimental comparison of the efficiency, emission and combustion properties of biodiesel using Jatropha and Karanja esters with diesel. Vegetable oil from Jatropha and Mahua was transesterified and used in a turbocharged engine water-cooled single-cylinder Diesel Engine attached to an ac induction motor with a current of 0 to 5kw. Brake thermal efficiency is decreased by around 1.4 percent for Jatropha, 2.0 percent for Karanja compared to Diesel. Brake specific fuel consumption improved by 0.2 percent for Jatropha and 3.4 percent for Karanja compared to Diesel.

The effect of castor oil methyl ester blending ratio on the environmental and the combustion characteristics of diesel engine under standard testing conditions

In current work, ultrasonicator was used to produce Castor Oil Methyl Ester (COME) from raw castor oil to properly reduce the production period. GC-MS and FT-IR analyses were used to confirm the conversion of raw oil into esters. Blended fuel of COME and diesel fuel with blending ratio up to 40% (symbolized as B40) were used to experimentally investigate the influence of COME blending ratio on diesel engine combustion and on engine emissions flow as per ISO 8718 steady state test cycle. The in-cylinder pressure records were applied through zero-dimensional thermodynamic model to compute the variation of heat release rate and accumulated heat released. Results of engine measurements revealed that (i) best effective utilization of fuel energy is attained for B30, (ii) best fuel economy with best brake thermal efficiency was identified for B20, and (iii) lowest emission flow of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) with lowest calculated particulate matter (PM) were observed for B10 while minimum opacity level in engine exhaust was attained for B30. It can be concluded that, B20 would be recommended to get the best engine mechanical performance and emission characteristics with slight deterioration in the in-cylinder combustion parameters.

Effect of Variable Compression Ratio on Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Engine using Octanol as an Alternative Fuel

Alternative fuels also called as advanced fuels or non-conventional fuels, are any constituents or materials which could be used as fuels, apart from conventional fuels. The need of the hour is to ploy on to unconventional energy resources since conventional sources of energy are fast depleting. Also, we need to look out for the fuels which are environment friendly as well. Alternative fuels are immediately needed to deal with the dual issues of fast depletion of fossil fuel reserves as well as environmental pollution. Some of these fuels can be used directly while others need to be transformed to bring the relative properties close to conventional fuels. The economics of the fuels like vegetable oils, ethanol and methanol etc. compared to the traditional petroleum resources are marginal. In this paper, we are discussing the preparation of blends of octanol with diesel in the proportion of 5,10,15,20 and 25% to identify its potential to be used as an alternative fuel. Then after comparing the properties of blends with diesel and estimate its combustion characteristics at different compression ratio and compare with the diesel. To end with, the effect of variable compression ratio on combustion characteristics of blend would be analysed. As an outcome of the exhaustive engine trials, it may be recommended that 20% (v/v) of diesel can be replaced with IPA for direct application in unmodified diesel engines with a marginal increase in emissions of CO and HC and substantial improvements in the emissions of CO2 and NOx.

A comprehensive review on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engines fuelled with algae oil methyl esters

The aim of present paper is to study the performance of diesel engine utilizing algae oil methyl ester (AOME) as green fuel and to investigate the chance of using AOME blend with diesel widely instead of diesel. This review incorporates the investigation of AOME from various strains of algae in different kinds of diesel engine. The majority of the examinations consent to the reduction in exhaust emission and the increase in Engine efficiency while utilizing AOME in CI engine. Numerous scientists revealed increment in NOx. As a conclusion, it has been found that algae oil is barely investigated and till date few of past papers contain opposing outcomes or non-very much contemplated practices as this overview illustrates.

Investigating the contribution of carbon nanotubes and diesel-biodiesel blends to emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engine

The ultimate purpose of the current research work is to trigger the effect of 50, 100 and 150 ppm multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in addition to diesel-biodiesel blended fuels with a focus on the emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engine. A single-cylinder diesel engine, with 1800 rpm engine speed and 100% engine load, was used to run the experiments on all fuel blends. The results indicated a significant reduction of the carbon dioxide (CO2) formation as a result of increase in MWCNTs, particularly for B20 and B30 samples. Also, the results emphasized a significant reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) formation as fa as B20 and B40 blends were concerned. However, regarding the B10 blends, an increasing trend of NOx emissions were reported when there was an increase in MWCNTs content. Furthermore, increased in-cylinder pressure for the baseline diesel was not found to be influenced by 10% biodiesel addition and 50 ppm MWCNTs. In-cylinder pressure for B10C50 was found to follow the same behaviour as D100 baseline diesel. In addition, the highest in-cylinder pressure of 73.47 bar was attributed to the B10C150 sample, representing a value 4.64% higher than the conventional D100. It was also observed that at low MWCNTs content (50 ppm), the effect on the in-cylinder temperature was the highest. When there was maximum in-cylinder pressure, the 15°CA was determined to be the peak in-cylinder temperature for all samples. All in all, it was confirmed that the combustion characteristics and emission reductions were improved as a result of MWCNTs addition to the biodiesel-diesel blends.

Experimental Assessment of Effects of n-Butanol on Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics of Mahua Oil Fueled Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Engine

The emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engine operated under reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) mode are investigated in this study. A separate electronic fuel injector was mounted on the intake manifold of the engine meant for RCCI operation. RCCI mode of operation was conducted by injecting “n-butanol” as low reactivity fuel into the intake, and “mahua oil” as high reactivity fuel directly into the combustion chamber. Experimental results reported that smoke and nitric oxide (NO) emissions are significantly reduced by 45.4% and 33.1% through RCCI mode when compared with single fuel mode (mahua oil) at peak load. Carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were substantially increased at part load conditions in RCCI mode by increasing n-butanol energy share, while both HC and CO emissions were reduced at maximum power output. About 6.2% increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the engine was found when operated in RCCI mode, with up to 20% of n-butanol share; beyond this energy share, a marginal drop in BTE was noted at peak load. A substantial rise in cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) was found while operating in RCCI mode. At part load, ignition delay was found to be longer in RCCI operation, but at supreme load condition, it was reduced. It was concluded that RCCI mode of operation improved the engine’s performance and similarly reduced smoke and NO emissions.

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of water diesel emulsified fuel for diesel engine: A review

For certain years, various researchers are exploring certain alternative fuel which enhances performance and combustion attributes of the engine along with the reduction of harmful emissions particularly nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. The utilization of water diesel emulsified fuel for diesel engines proves to be an emerging technology in this regard. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to review the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of diesel engine with the utilization of emulsified fuel without any sort of modifications in the engine. Different researchers revealed their findings regarding the utilization of water diesel emulsified fuel for diesel engines. Most of the findings favour the use of emulsified fuel as an alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines. The performance features of diesel engine with emulsified fuel shows marginal difference as compared to that of neat diesel as a fuel. The NOx and PM emissions decreases simultaneously and thus emulsified fuel proves to be an effective solution for NOx and PM emissions trade off relationship. The combustion features are also improved with the use of water diesel emulsified fuel as compared to that of neat diesel as a fuel. Overall, it can be concluded that water diesel emulsified fuel proves to be a significant alternative fuel as environment attributes are improved along with combustion and performance features for diesel engine without any modifications in the engine.

Optimization Evaluation of Various Type Nanoparticles - Diesel Blended Fuels on Diesel Engine Combustion Characteristics, Performances and Exhaust Emissions

Optimization Evaluation of Various Type Nanoparticles - Diesel Blended Fuels on Diesel Engine Combustion Characteristics, Performances and Exhaust Emissions