Desulfurization Of Diesel Research Articles

Diesel Desulfurization Experiments in Microchannels with PEG 300: An Understanding of Extractive Deep Desulfurization

Diesel Desulfurization Experiments in Microchannels with PEG 300: An Understanding of Extractive Deep Desulfurization

Sonochemical synthesis of heterostructured ZnO/Bi2O3 for photocatalytic desulfurization

In this study, metal oxides nanoparticles heterogeneous photocatalysts prepared by coprecipitation and ultrasonic techniques were used for diesel desulfurization. They were characterized by scanning electron microscope, powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive analysis, diffused reflectance spectra, photoluminescence analysis and BET surface area. The surface area of catalyst B is larger than catalyst A confirming its higher reactivity. X-ray reflectance spectroscopy was used to analyze the sulfur contents in feed. Thiophene was used as a model fuel to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of catalysts A and B. Using the Scherrer equation, sharp and intense signals suggesting their higher degrees of crystallinity, with average crystal sizes for ZnO, Bi2O3, catalysts A and B, respectively; of 18, 14.3, 29.7, and 23.8 nm. The operational parameters of the desulfurization process were optimized and have been studied and the maximum sulfur removal was achieved via a further solvent extraction step. A diesel fuel with a 24 and 19 ppm sulfur content and hence a total sulfur removal of 94.6% and 95.7% was acquired for catalysts A and B, respectively (sulfur compounds concentration in diesel fuel feedstock was 450 ppm). These findings demonstrated that photocatalysts A and B are good and effective catalysts for desulfurization of diesel fuel.

Molecular modeling of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids for potential applications in the desulfurization of diesel fuel

The sulfur compounds in diesel fuel produce harmful environmental pollutants during combustion. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the most common technique to reduce the sulfur content of diesel fuel but cannot effectively remove aromatic sulfur compounds to produce ultra-low-sulfur diesel. Ionic liquids (ILs) show potential as alternative solvents for extractive desulfurization to be implemented after a conventional HDS process, but the mechanism is not well understood. This work focuses on using a combination of molecular simulation free energy calculations and detailed structural analysis to better understand the molecular-level interactions between dibenzothiophene and seven common imidazolium-based ILs. The free energy calculations suggest that the ILs interact differently with thiophene and dibenzothiophene. No specific interactions were observed between the anion and dibenzothiophene; varying the anion showed no remarkable differences in the observed interactions. It was determined that interactions between dibenzothiophene and the cation were more significant; π-π stacking between the imidazole ring and thiophene ring plus favorable electrostatic interactions between the alkyl chain and benzene rings were observed. The primary goal of this work is to use molecular simulations to complement current experimental research to identify suitable ILs for potential extractive desulfurization applications.

Co,N-codoped MoOx nanoclusters on graphene derived from polyoxometalate for highly efficient aerobic oxidation desulfurization of diesel

Aerobic oxidative desulfurization (AODS) offers a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional diesel desulfurization techniques. However, despite its potential, the development of catalysts with both high activity and stability remains a critical challenge in this field. Here we present the synthesis of polyoxometalate (POM) derived Co,N-codoped MoOx nanoclusters on graphene sheets for boosting the AODS reactions, which combines the characteristics of sub-nanometer size of POMs and excellent stability of metal oxides. Through experimental characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate that the MoOx nanoclusters can effectively activate O2 by electron transfer, while the doped Co and N elements further optimize the electronic structure of Mo sites, resulting in a significant enhancement in catalytic activity. The optimized catalyst exhibits an impressive turnover frequency of 67.88 h−1 in the oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT), facilitating the rapid conversion of various thiophenes under mild conditions. The catalyst also demonstrates prominent durability in seven cycles of reuse with consistent catalytic performance and unchanged chemical structure. More importantly, the catalyst achieves deep AODS of real diesel, showcasing its potential for practical applications.

Designing Al-SiO2 nanospheres with co-doped Ce/Cd for the removal of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene of fuel oil

Catalytic oxidative coupled in-situ hydrodesulfurization technology as an emerging desulfurization process is applied to the removal of organic sulfides from fuels. In this study, Al-SiO2@Ce/Cd core-shell nanosphere catalysts were prepared by a sol-gel method and a co-impregnation method using silica as the carrier, and were in turn applied for the ultra-deep desulfurization of highly resilient 4,6-DMDBT from diesel oil under visible light irradiation. The prepared photocatalyst were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brauner-Emmette-Teller (BET). Characterization results revealed that Al-SiO2@Ce/Cd had a nanosphere structure, and Ce/Cd were successfully loaded on the surface of Al-SiO2. Bimetallic loading helped increase the specific surface area of the SiO2 material, which could anchor more effective metal active sites. The effects of metal doping amount, doping ratio, catalyst dosage, and reaction temperature on 4,6-DMDBT desulfurization were studied. The results showed that 20% Al-SiO2@Ce/Cd achieved 100% desulfurization performance within 30 min at 60 ℃, thus surpassing many state of the art catalysts reported in literature. Al-SiO2@Ce/Cd remained highly active after 10 times successive reuses with rapid recovery by washing and filtering. Organic nitride had a strong inhibitory effect on diesel desulfurization, which was derived from the competitive adsorption of nitride and sulfide on the effective active site of the catalyst. Based on characterization results and desulfurization results, the appropriate reaction mechanism of the catalytic oxidative coupling in-situ hydrodesulfurization of Al-SiO2@Ce/Cd catalysts was speculated.

Efficient immobilization of acids into activated carbon for high durability and continuous desulfurization of diesel fuel

AbstractFuel contaminants are the most critical issues in human health, cars' engines life and performance, and refinery equipment, and have an ultimate consecutive economic negative impact over time. Nowadays, sulfur is considered as one of the most dangerous contaminants in fuel, and different approaches have been carried out for desulfurization processing. In this study, new modified activated carbon (AC) for adsorptive diesel fuel desulfurization is carried out. To increase the robustness and effectiveness of a continuous adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) process, the study provides a new surface modification technique of the AC. Real diesel fuel (RDF, sulfur content 7510 ppm) and model diesel fuel (MDF, dibenzothiophene content 637 ppm) were used in a series of ADS tests carried out in a fixed‐bed adsorption column under atmospheric pressure and temperature. To achieve zero emissions of diesel fuel, the process parameters were optimized using the experimental findings. The AC and modified AC were tested via Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Fourier Transform Infrared to evaluate the effect of the modification process on adsorbent characterization. The liquid hourly space velocity of the feedstock, the height of the absorber bed, and the kind of AC were the optimization parameters. In these circumstances, the ADS procedure was examined to address the impact of the feedstock flow rate on the effectiveness of ADS. The sulfur removal efficiency was 85.3% for RDF and 94% for MDF at 9 cm bed height, 8 h−1 LSHV, and 10 g bed weight, respectively. This is the first time that AC has been used to examine the stability of continuous ADS and to examine how acid immobilization affects sulfur removal. The investigation showed that the modified AC had a high rate of stability and was effective in the continuous ADS process. The spent modified AC was regenerated via a solvent extractive regeneration process to evaluate the durability of the ACs. The results proved that the regeneration performance of various solvents for modified activated carbon 1 decreases as follows: iso‐octane > ethanol > methanol > acetonitrile.

Desulfurization of Diesel Using Ionic Liquids: Process Design and Optimization Using COSMO-Based Models and Aspen Plus.

Sulfur dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion have been known to cause detrimental health and environmental effects. The currently used hydrodesulfurization (HDS) method employed by refineries has several drawbacks, such as excessive hydrogen consumption, high energy demand, and inability to remove complex organosulfur compounds, which have limited its ability to produce ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) at reasonable operating and capital costs. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely studied for their potential to replace conventional HDS. However, while their success has been demonstrated at the laboratory level, studies on industrial-scale feasibility and their integration into process simulators such as Aspen Plus are limited. In this work, 26 commercially available ILs have been screened using COSMO-based models and Aspen Plus for the desulfurization of diesel fuel and several possible process configurations have been examined. In particular, the challenge of ionic liquid regeneration, which has largely been ignored in the literature, has also been addressed and several potential regeneration methods have been proposed including extractive regeneration (E-RE) and stripping regeneration using nitrogen and air as stripping media (S-RE). The results indicate that, among the 26 ILs studied, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate is the most promising as a solvent for extractive desulfurization (EDS), E-RE, and S-RE. E-RE was found to be more effective for the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT), while S-RE is more suited to the removal of thiophene and benzothiophene (BT). As a result, an optimized diesel desulfurization process using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate has been proposed that achieves ULSD with <10 ppm total sulfur in simulation studies, with complete recycling of the IL and minimal loss of the model diesel.

Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of thio-compounds by employing χ-Anderson-type polyoxometalates-porphyrin covalent organic framework (COF)

Severe environmental sulfur contents due to the consumption of fuels in automobiles and industries resulted in serious health hazards and pollution because of it, desulfurization of diesel become inevitable. Targeting the profound desulfurization of diesel, we performed experiments to deeply desulphurized the thio-compounds by catalytic-oxidative desulfurization technique. We synthesized new metalloporphyrin (C52H36N4O8Sn)4MeO-SnPor which after conversion into (C64H64N8O16Sn)4Tris-SnTP leading towards the synthesis of covalent organic framework [(N(C4H9)4]12[HNC(CH2O)3]4[(CO)4C44H24N4Sn] [NiMo6O18]4(SnTP@NiAdCOF). SnTP@NiAd COF showed the outstanding catalytic property for deep desulfurization of thio-compounds above than 96% of thiobenzoic acid (TB) and 99% of 2-aminothiophenol (2-ATP) sulfur contents were oxides after 100 min of reaction using H2O2 as an oxidant at room temperature with constant stirring. During desulfurization percentage desulfurization efficiency was checked for different time intervals by TLC and further confirmed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatograms indicated that the peak area and peak height of thio-compounds decrease gradually with the passage of reaction time which confirmed the removal of thio-compounds from the reaction mixture. Sulfur contents removed up to 5 ppmw showed excellent catalytic characteristics of synthesized SnTP@NiAdCOF. The exceptional catalytic efficiency of prepared catalyst SnTP@NiAdCOF was because of the existence of active oxidizing centers of χ-NiAd and metalloporphyrin that are MoO and [(Por)SnII], respectively. The potential mechanism appeared to be the formation of Mo(O2) and [(Por)SnII–OOH] from MoO and [(Por)SnII], respectively that act as active oxidizing centers and efficiently converted the thio-group into oxides and sulfones. Effective removal of sulfur grants the desulfurization of fuels by using SnTP@NiAdCOF catalyst to lessen the energy expenditure and also to enhance the production of environmentally-safe fuels.

Deep Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel by Guard Bed Adsorption of Activated Carbon and Locally Prepared Cu-Y Zeolite

Desulfurization of a simulated diesel fuel by different adsorbents was studied in a fixed-bed adsorption process operated at ambient temperature and pressure. Three different adsorption beds were used, commercial activated carbon, Cu-Y zeolite, and layered bed of 15wt% activated carbon followed by Cu-Y zeolite.Initially Y-zeolite was prepared from Iraqi rice husk and then impregnated with copper. In general, the adsorbents tested for total sulfur adsorption capacity at break through followed the order Ac/Cu-Y zeolite&gt;Cu-Y zeolite&gt;Ac. The best adsorbent, Ac/Cu-Y zeolite is capable of producing more than 30 cm3 of simulated diesel fuel per gram of adsorbent with a weighted average content of 5 ppm-S, while Cu-Y zeolite producing of about 20 cm3 of diesel fuel per gram of adsorbent with a weighted average content of 2ppm-S. Activated carbon breaks through almost immediately.

Diesel desulfurization by the adsorptive method using promoted Y zeolite by Zn, Cu, Co, and Ni metals

Diesel desulfurization by the adsorptive method using promoted Y zeolite by Zn, Cu, Co, and Ni metals

Size-dependent surface electronic structure of V2O5/TiO2 for ultra-deep aerobic oxidative desulfurization of diesel

Herein, a series of V2O5/TiO2 with various V2O5 size (3 ∼ 10 nm) were elaborately designed and controllably fabricated through a citric acid-assisted hydrothermal dispersion of active metal strategy. The structure and properties of supported V-based catalysts were characterized by conventional technical methods, and their catalytic activities and reaction kinetics were probed for aerobic ODS of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The results unveil that the V2O5 size plays a decisive role in influencing the V5+/V4+ and redox property of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts. V2O5/TiO2-1 with the smallest V2O5 size (∼3 nm) exhibits the highest oxidative desulfurization activity with almost 100% DBT conversion within 80 min at 120 °C because of its optimal V5+/V4+ and redox property as well as the lowest apparent activation energy (Ea = 43.0 kJ/mol). Further increasing the V2O5 size from 3 nm to 10 nm leads to the perceptible increase of Ea to 53.5 kJ/mol, thereby decreasing the ODS activity of V2O5/TiO2-3 sharply.

Bio-catalytic degradation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in petroleum distillate (diesel) by Pseudomonas spp.

Biodesulfurization (BDS) was employed in this study to degrade dibenzothiophene (DBT) which accounts for 70% of the sulfur compounds in diesel using a synthetic and typical South African diesel in the aqueous and biphasic medium. Two Pseudomonas sp. bacteria namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida were used as biocatalysts. The desulfurization pathways of DBT by the two bacteria were determined by gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Both organisms were found to produce 2-hydroxy biphenyl, the desulfurized product of DBT. Results showed BDS performance of 67.53% and 50.02%, by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida, respectively for 500 ppm initial DBT concentration. In order to study the desulfurization of diesel oils obtained from an oil refinery, resting cells studies by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were carried out which showed a decrease of about 30% and 70.54% DBT removal for 5200 ppm in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) feed diesel and 120 ppm in HDS outlet diesel, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida selectively degraded DBT to form 2-HBP. Application of these bacteria for the desulfurization of diesel showed promising potential for decreasing the sulfur content of South African diesel oil.

Efficient Oxidative Desulfurization of High-Sulfur Diesel via Peroxide Oxidation Using Citric, Pimelic, and α-Ketoglutaric Acids

The widespread use of diesel fuel for transportation, industry, and electricity generation causes several environmental issues via an increase in the amount of sulfur compound emissions. Commercial diesel fuel must be free of sulfur-containing compounds since they can cause several environmental problems. Considering the currently available processes to eliminate sulfur compounds, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is one of the effective means for this purpose. This work presented a simple, low cost, and efficient ODS system of high-sulfur diesel fuels using peroxide oxidation with the aid of citric, pimelic, and α-ketoglutaric acids. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of these acids as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activators for ODS and to optimize the reaction conditions for maximum sulfur removal. The results showed that citric, pimelic, and α-ketoglutaric acids were effective catalysts for the desulfurization of high-sulfur diesel with an initial sulfur content of 2568 mg L−1, achieving a sulfur removal efficiency of up to 95%. The optimized reaction conditions were found to be 0.6 g of carboxylic acid dosage and 10 mL of H2O2 at 95 °C. The desulfurization efficiency of the real diesel sample (2568 mg L−1) was shown to be 27, 34, and 84.57%, using citric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, and pimelic acid after 1h, respectively. The effectiveness of the oxidation process was characterized by gas chromatographic pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The experimental results demonstrated that the developed system exhibited high efficiency for desulfurization of real high-sulfur diesel fuels that could be a good alternative for commercial application with a promising desulfurization efficiency.

Efficient Diesel Desulfurization by Novel Amphiphilic Polyoxometalate-Based Hybrid Catalyst at Room Temperature.

Amphiphilic hybrid catalysts were prepared by modifying [SMo12O40]2- with tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole bromide (BMIMBr) and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ODAB), respectively. The prepared catalysts were characterized by IR, XRD, SEM, TG and XPS. The desulfurization performance of the catalysts was investigated in model oil and actual diesel using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant and acetonitrile as an extractant. All catalysts exhibited favorable activity for removing sulfur compounds at room temperature. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) can be nearly completely removed using SMo12O402--organic catalysts within a short reaction time. For different sulfur compounds, the [TBA]2SMo12O40 catalyst showed a better removal effect than the [BMIM]2SMo12O40 and [ODA]2SMo12O40 catalyst. The [TBA]2SMo12O40 dissolved in extraction solvent could be reused up to five times in an oxidative desulfurization (ODS) cycle with no significant loss of activity. The [BMIM]2SMo12O40 performed as a heterogeneous catalyst able to be recycled from the ODS system and maintained excellent catalytic activity. The catalysts showed a positive desulfurization effect in real diesel treatment. Finally, we described the ODS desulfurization mechanism of DBT using SMo12O402--organic hybrid catalysts. The amphiphilic hybrid catalyst cation captures DBT, while SMo12O402- reacts with the oxidant H2O2 to produce peroxy-active species. DBT can be oxidized to its sulfone by the action of peroxy-active species to achieve ODS desulfurization.

Competitive Adsorption in a Multicomponent Diesel System Using Nickel Oxide/Activated Carbon

Nickel oxide, which acts as an intermediate Lewis acid, was loaded onto activated carbon (AC) to enhance the adsorption selectivity of AC in the desulfurization of model diesel. The total sulfur adsorption capacity increased from 2.46 to 4.42 mg-S·g adsorbent–1 and the total sulfur removal increased from 46.8 to 84.5% using the AC and Ni(10%)O/AC adsorbents, respectively. Multicomponent isothermal modeling showed that the incorporation of NiO onto AC significantly improved the synergistic interactions between the thiophenic compounds while mitigating competitive interactions between the more steric 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) and 4-methyl-dibenzothiophene (4-MDBT) compounds. The mitigation was attributed to new adsorbate-specific sites created by loading NiO on AC. Spent adsorbent characterization and pyridine adsorption-IR analysis suggested that higher desulfurization performance of the Ni(10%)O/AC adsorbent was attributed to an increase in the adsorbent’s Lewis acidity upon loading with NiO, leading to increased Ni–S acid–base interactions, in addition to π-complexation.

Heteropoly acid-based ionic liquid grafted on hybrid nanomaterial for deep oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel

Heteropoly acid-based ionic liquid grafted on hybrid nanomaterial for deep oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel

New hybrid approach for desulfurization of diesel fuel using an efficient heterogeneous polyoxometalate nanocatalyst

In this manuscript, the catalytic oxidative desulfurization (CODS) process was proposed to reduce the remove the thiophene (T) and benzothiophene (BT) in diesel fuel. An organic-inorganic hybrid nanocatalyst has been synthesized using 1-Methylimidazolium (MZ) as a transfer agent, CuO nanoparticles as a support, and the highly active mono copper-substituted polyoxotungstate ([PW11CuO39], abbreviated as PW11Cu). Catalytic oxidative desulfurization involves the simultaneous use of extraction technique by an ionic liquid ([BMIM][PF6]) and catalytic oxidation by a suitable heterogeneous catalyst. The experimental condition was optimized by response surface methodology. The removal efficiency in the compounds was as follows: T < BT. In addition, the kinetic behavior of the removal of all sulfur compounds was according to a quasi-first-order model. The nanocomposite was prepared via sol-gel method and finally calcined at 400 °C for 4 h. The materials characterized by means of FT-IR, UV–vis, XRD, and SEM techniques. The response optimization for extractive-catalytic oxidative desulfurization was performed for the removal efficiency of T and BT. The optimum condition was determined as 14.43 min, 40.52 °C for reactor temperature, 86.27 mg for nanocatalyst dosage and 23.99% for oxidant concentration. According to the obtained results, the removal efficiency of thiophene and benzothiophene of diesel fuel could reach 98% and 99%, respectively. The synthesized heterogeneous nanocatalyst could be separated and recycled successfully after 5 times. This system is suggested as an effective strategy with a great potential in the preparation of clean gasoline fuel.

Desulfurization of diesel via joint adsorption and extraction using a porous liquid derived from ZIF-8 and a phosphonium-type ionic liquid.

A type-III porous liquid based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and an ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([THTDP][BTI]) was synthesized and used for the desulfurization of model diesel. The desulfurization effect by ZIF-8/[THTDP][BTI] combined both the adsorptive desulfurization by ZIF-8 and the extraction desulfurization by [THTDP][BTI]. The removal of the three chosen aromatic organic sulfides by the ZIF-8/[THTDP][BTI] porous liquid followed the order of dibenzothiophene (73.1%) > benzothiophene (70.0%) > thiophene (61.5%). It was further found that deep desulfurization could be realized by ZIF-8/[THTDP][BTI] through triple desulfurization cycles and ZIF-8/[THTDP][BTI] can be regenerated readily. The desulfurization mechanism was explored further in detail by conformation search and density functional theory calculations. Calculations supported that the large molecular volume of [THTDP][BTI] excluded itself from the cavities of ZIF-8, making the pores of ZIF-8 in the porous liquid unoccupied and accessible by other guest species, here the studied organic sulfides. These calculations indicate that the van der Waals interactions were the main interactions between ZIF-8/[THTDP][BTI] and specifically benzothiophene. This work supports that the porous liquid ZIF-8/[THTDP][BTI] could potentially be used for desulfurization of diesel in industry.

Biomimetic catalytic aerobic oxidative desulfurization of diesel with NHPI-based ternary deep eutectic solvents

It is a challenging issue to achieve efficient aerobic oxidation desulfurization (AODS) under mild conditions. Inspired by respiratory chain system, a metal-free biomimetic system was developed in this paper with a functionalized ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TsOH), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for deep oxidative desulfurization. It was found that the NHPI/5PEG4000/p-TsOH system exhibited an outstanding desulfurization activity, and the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) reached 100% within 5 h at 80 οC. Significantly, it is the first attempt to use a DES as an extraction agent, reaction medium, catalyst, and electron transfer mediator (ETM) simultaneously. Mechanistic studies revealed that NHPI demonstrated a dual function: namely, producing the PINO radical to initiate the reaction, and acting as an ETM in biomimetic systems to promote the activation of oxygen molecules, thereby finely improving the AODS performance of the acidic DESs. These findings regarding the aforementioned biomimetic oxygen activation mechanism of the NHPI-based ternary DES for AODS provide a novel insight into the construction of biomimetic system in the future.

Ultrasonic Auxiliary Ozone Oxidation-Extraction Desulfurization: A Highly Efficient and Stable Process for Ultra-Deep Desulfurization.

For ultra-deep desulfurization of diesel fuel, this study applied the ultrasound-assisted catalytic ozonation process to the dibenzothiophene (DBT) removal process with four Keggin-type heteropolyacids (HPA) as catalysts and acetonitrile as extractant. Through experimental evaluations, H3PMo12O40 was found to be the most effective catalyst for the oxidative removal of DBT. Under favorable operating conditions with a temperature of 0 °C, H3PMo12O40 dosage of 2.5 wt.% of n-octane, and ultrasonic irradiation, DBT can be effectively removed from simulated diesel. Moreover, the reused catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity in recovery experiments. This desulfurization process has high potential for ultra-deep desulfurization of diesel.