Diego Blood Group Research Articles

The Wright Blood Group System and Hemolytic Anemia

The Wright Blood Group System and Hemolytic Anemia

Genetic independence of the Lutheran and Diego blood group loci.

The Diego locus had been shown to be genetically distinct from the loci for all the established blood group systems save that for Lutheran. This gap has now been filled, after 21 years, by studies of a Cree Indian family which demonstrates that Diego is separate also from the Lutheran locus.

Independence of Wright from many other blood group systems.

The finding that En(a-) red blood cells are Wr(a-b), and thus probably represent a "null" phenotype of the Wright system, has provided evidence of the independence of the Wright blood group system from many others. Detection of blood group antigens on "null" red blood cells almost certainly indicates that those antigens do not belong to the same blood group system as the "null" cells. In the case of Wright, lack of certainty that En(a-) is the "real", or only, null type slightly reduces the weight of the evidence.

The Diego Blood Groups of the Japanese in Aomori and Fukushima Prefectures, Northeastern Japan

A total of 1, 530 blood samples from Japanese donors in Aomori and Fukushima were tested for their Dia and Din blood group antigens. The Dia gene frequencies obtained were: 0.044±0.006 in Aomori and 0.035±0.005 in Fukushima. These values are very close to those obtained by other investigators for southern Japanese (0.033-0.041: UEN0 and MURAKATA, 1957; TSUCHIYA et al., 1964; MISAWA et al., 1974; YAMAGUCHI et al., 1974).

The Distribution of Genetic Markers in Blood Samples from Okinawa, the Ryukyus.

Abstract A total of 869 blood samples collected in Ishigaki Island were tested for 9 blood groups-ABO, MNSs, Rh, Q, Lewis, Duffy, Kell, Kidd and Diego blood groups, and the following results were obtained.The O gene frequency (γ) of the ABO blood groups was considerably higher than that of the Japanese, and the distribution of MNSs groups appeared to be different from it.The incidence of Rh negative individuals was 1.04%, which was intermediate between those of the Japanese and Ainu.The frequency of gene Jka was estimated at 0.1977, which was considerably lower than that of the Japanese.The incidence of Di (a+) type individuals was 6.45%.Genetic distance analysis was carried out to approach the estimation of genetic similarity between the populations.The results indicated that the in-habitants of Ishigaki Island were considerably different from the Ryukyuans of Miyako and Okinawa, though they were more similar to the latter than to the Japanese of Honshu, so far as the data of the 9 blood group systems are con-cerned.The relationships to the Ainu could not unequivocally be demonstrated.The population groups of the Japanese islands dealt with in the present study were equally far apart from the European.

Genetics of Diego blood groups in Guatemalan Indians: use of antiserums to Diego a and Diebo b antigens.

Red blood cells of 255 inhabitants of San Antonio Palopo, an Indian community on the eastern shore of Lake Atitlán, Guatemala, have been typed with antiserum.. to Diego a (Di(a)) and the newly discovered antiserum to Di(b). Individuals with erythrocyte antigenic types Di(a+ b-, Di(a+ b+), and Di(a-b+) have been found, but the type Di(a-b-) has not been encountered. Population frequencies of antigenic types and family studies support the hypothesis that the erythrocyte antigens, Die and Dib, are controlled by two codominant alleles at a single autosomal locus.

Distribution of hereditary factors in the blood of Indians of the Gila River, Arizona.

AbstractThis paper reports the distribution of blood groups, A‐B‐H secretors, haptoglobins, transferrins and hemoglobin types among Indians of the Gila River Valley in Arizona. Specimens were procured from the following putative full‐bloods: 909 Pima, 37 Papago, and 124 Maricopa; and from the following known mixed‐bloods: Pima‐Papago 134, Pima‐Maricopa 26, Pima‐Other Indian 41, Pima‐Caucasian 33. These 1304 samples were tested for factors in the A‐B‐O, M‐N‐S‐s, P, Rh‐Hr, Lutheran, Kell‐Cellano, Lewis, Duffy, Kidd and Diego blood group systems, and for additional blood factors (Wra), Doa, Vel, Yta, Coa, Gya, Sav, and L. W. Serum samples were tested for haptoglobins and transferrins. Hemolysates, prepared from whole blood, were tested for hemoglobin types. The results are presented on appropriate tables as number and per cent of phenotypes for the various blood group antigens and their calculated allele frequencies. Locations of the populations from which blood samples were procured are shown on a map (fig. 1). Tests made by earlier workers on the blood of Arizona Indians and related tribes are presented for comparison and discussed.The usual high frequencies for allele O reported in Amerinds was found among the putatively full‐blood Gila Indians; the 124 Maricopa presented the maximum frequency of 1.000.High frequencies were reported generally for M, s, P1, R1 (CDe), R2 (cDE), k (100%) Fy, and Doa alleles. Low frequencies were reported for N, S, r (cde), R° (cDe), fy, Le1w and Dia (Pima only).There was a wide variation in frequencies for jk, and Hp1, and there were 17 Transferrin Tf B1C observed in 270 Pima samples tested. All the remaining were classified as Tf C except two Tf B;C from mixed‐bloods.All samples tested for Vel, Yta, Coa, Sav, and Hemoglobin (A) showed the maximum frequency (1.000) for their genes.The following antigens were completely absent: Lua, Mia, Vw, Mta, p, Pk, ry (CdE), K, and Wra.The results of this study suggests that the Papago tribe presents fewer genes of non‐Indian origin than the Pima, and the Maricopa least of the three populations.

ABSENCE OF DI-A IN MALAYAN ABORIGINES.

SINCE the Diego (Dia) blood group was first reported1 in 1954, this factor has been demonstrated only in Asiatic or Mongoloid peoples2. The survey recorded here for the Diego blood group in Malayan Senoi and Jakun people was an attempt to establish soms positive genetic evidence for their affinity to Mongoloid groups in South-east Asia.

Hemoglobins, Haptoglobins, and Transferrins in Man

lapped. The distribution of genes within a population, and the differences in the frequency of their alleles which characterize one population and distinguish it from another, need not be considered trivial if selection plays a part in determining them. A search for additional loci as aids in classification may be sterile and boring; but a quest for the sources of human variation and the analysis of the interactions of genetic and ecological factors stimulates continuing interest. Recently accumulated evidence indicates that some, and perhaps most, aspects of polymorphism in man are adaptive and that cultural factors are commonly involved in the process of adaptation. By their joint efforts cultural and physical anthropologists are in a position to contribute to a deeper understanding of those factors which have made us what we are today. Such collaboration is dependent upon the degree of communication established between scholars in these two facets of anthropology. The student of human biology needs to hear frequently about recent advances in the analysis of culture, and especially of cultural practices which affect the genetic structure or phenotypic appearance of different populations. In return, new developments in human biology should be brought to the attention of anthropologists in general. Significant among such advances is the understanding of the structure, function, and inheritance of various protein fractions of the blood. A number of these are inherited in simple Mendelian manner and thus lend themselves readily to genetic analysis. As they occur in varying frequencies among different human populations, they can, like the blood types, suggest the degree of ancestral relationships between them. Like the blood types, too, their variety demonstrates the widespread extent and probable utility of balanced polymorphism in the human species. In 1949 when Neel established the genetic mechanism for sickle cell trait and sickle cell anemia and Pauling et al. (1949) demonstrated the electrophoretic difference between normal and sickle cell hemoglobin, doors were opened to unique research opportunities in genetics, biophysics, biochemistry, medicine, and anthropology. The past dozen years have witnessed vast strides in the understanding of the structure of the hemoglobin molecule, the strategy of the gene in producing its end product in the individual, and the ebb and flow of genes in the course of human history.

Blood group studies of jungle Indians of the Mato Grosso.

Studies of the blood groups of primitive jungle Indians of Brazil revealed them all to be group O with a high incidence of genes CDe, cDE, and CDE. There was a high frequency of Fya and of P and a very low frequency of K. The Diego blood group factor was present in 5 per cent of the Indians studied. A striking and unexpected finding was evidence for a third allele in the Kidd system.

Absence of the Diego antigen, a genetic characteristic of early immigrants to South America.

The Diego blood group is an exclusive Mongoloid gene marker, although it is not present in all Mongoloid populations. The absence of the gene in Waica Indians and its very low frequencies in Warrau and Yaruro Indians of South America suggest that it represents a genetic characteristic of Marginal American Indians. Since Marginal Indians are considered to be early comers to the New World, we suggest that Diego-negative populations were the first to arrive and to extend throughout South America, while the Diego-positive tribes came later.

The Diego Factor in a Puerto Rican Family: A Case of Anti-Diego

Abstract The Diego blood group factor was shown to be present in a family of Puerto Ricans. 609 other Puerto Ricans were Diego negative. The fourth reported case of anti-Diego is presented. The antibody was unusual in that it was discovered incidentally and did not cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Some observations on the Wright blood group system.

SummaryAmong 3,140 Oslo blood donors, the author found 2 persons possessing the Wra antigen.Blood samples from 433 Lapps were also examined. They were all Wr(a‐).Tests of the effect of storage on Wr(a+) cells showed that the Wra antigen keeps well.Twenty sera containing Kell antibodies and various Rh antibodies were tested for their content of anti‐Wra, which was demonstrated in only one serum containing a naturally occurring anti‐Cw.In a family study, the Wra gene was shown to segregate independently of the ABO, MNSs, Rh, and Duffy blood group systems.RésuméParmi 3140 donneurs de sang d'Oslo, l'auteur a trouvé deux personnes possédant l'antigène Wra. Les sangs de 433 Lapons ont également été examinés; tous étaient Wr(a‐).Des examens pour déterminer les effets de la conservation sur les érythrocytes Wr(a+) ont montré que l'antigène Wra se conservait bien.20 sérums contenant des anticorps anti‐Kell et divers anticorps anti‐Rhésus ont été testés pour déterminer la présence éventuelle d'anti Wra. Cet anticorps n'a été mis en évidence que dans un seul sérum qui contenait par ailleurs un anti‐Cw naturel.Les études pratiquées sur des families ont permis d'établir que le gène Wra subissait le phénomène de la segrégation indépendante et se transmettait séparément des systèmes de groupes sanguins ABO, MNSs, Rhésus et Duffy.ZusammenfassungUnter 3140 Blutspendern der Stadt Oslo fand der Autor 2 Wr(a+)‐Individuen. Die Blutproben von 433 Lappen erwiesen sich ausnahmslos als Wr(a‐). Das Antigen Wra erträgt eine mehrwöchige Lagerung. Unter zwanzig Seren mit Kell‐ und Rhesus‐Antikörpern fand sich lediglich ein Serum mit Anti‐Wra‐Antikörpern. Dasselbe Serum enthielt einen natürlichen Anti‐Cw‐Antikörper. An Hand einer Familienuntersuchung wurde gezeigt, daß das Wra‐Gen unabhängig vom ABO‐, MNSs‐, Rh‐ und Duffy‐Blutgruppensystem vererbt wird.

Some Observations on the Wright Blood Group System

Some Observations on the Wright Blood Group System

The Diego blood group in Koreans.

The Diego blood group in Koreans.

The Diego Blood Group in Koreans

The Diego Blood Group in Koreans

Absence of the Diego Blood-Group Antigen in the Lapps

BLOOD-GROUP studies in the Lapps have revealed rather unusual distributions within several blood-group systems1,2. The Lapps seemed to have a curious mixture in their blood groups of European features on one hand, and Asiatic ones on the other.

Inheritance of Diego Blood Group in Mexican Indians

Inheritance of Diego Blood Group in Mexican Indians

Inheritance of Diego blood group in Mexican Indians.

Diego blood factor is characteristic of Mongoloid populations. A study of 152 samples from Mexican Indians (Tlaxcaltecans) revealed this factor in 20.39 percent of the cases. Analysis of 30 Indian matings with 62 children support the hypothesis that the Diego antigen is transmitted through a gene capable of expressing itself in a single or double dose.

Inheritance of Diego Blood Group in Mexican Indians

Diego blood factor is characteristic of Mongoloid populations. A study of 152 samples from Mexican Indians (Tlaxcaltecans) revealed this factor in 20.39 percent of the cases. Analysis of 30 Indian matings with 62 children support the hypothesis that the Diego antigen is transmitted through a gene capable of expressing itself in a single or double dose.