Didactic Work Research Articles

Professional independence of pre-school and early school education teachers and its determinants

The interest in the teaching profession is evident in the discussions of students and their parents, school graduates, teachers working at various stages of education, sociologists, psychologists, educators and representatives of many other professions that are simply impossible to be mentioned. Topics of these discussions are varied, they concern teachers’ qualifications and competences, their educational background, selection of candidates for the profession, personality traits, the functions they perform, teaching methods used by them, etc. Often, the participants of such discussions are not professionally connected with the teaching profession, but each of them had the opportunity to develop their own view and opinion of this profession based on many years of experience while participating, as a student, in the process of education. It can be assumed that this attention points to the significant role of the teacher in society and therefore results in frequently emotional discussions that conclude with enumeration of the teachers’ duties, skills and abilities in addition to the principles behind their actions and conduct while performing their didactic and educational work. At this point, I would like to pose the questions: What about the teacher’s independence? Does the teacher have the opportunity to carry out his or her work independently? In the article, which consists of two parts, I attempt to answer these questions. In the first part, I present theoretical approaches to the teacher, his or her qualifications and competences, with particular focus placed on the professional independence. The second part contains the results of surveys on professional independence and its determinants, conducted among pre-school and early school education teachers in the Wielkopolska region.

Peter Greenaway: A Demonstration of Research-Based Art With an image essay by Amir Avraham

Does artistic research differ from scientific research? And if so, how? In an attempt to answer these questions, my starting position is that when it comes to artistic research, we should use 'research' to achieve a specific goal—i. e., making better art. But at the same time, when we use 'art' in 'scientific research,' the goal will always be science. By that I mean science defined as the search for truth, and art as the search for the aesthetical. I am, of course, aware that this is an extremely binary categorisation, but I do hope it gives us some didactic clues to work in the domain of art research. By introducing research-based art as a concept, I even hope to narrow the gap. In examining research-based art as a method that uses research for the purpose of making art, I use Peter Greenaway's film The Cook, The Thief, His Wife & Her Lover (1989) as a case study. Here, we see both the artist as a researcher and art research as research-based art—an artist-researcher who creates an independent artistic composition by using at his own discretion the accepted results of research.

A Praxiologia Motriz e suas contribuições ao debate científico da Educação Física

Apresentamos o Dossiê “Praxiologia Motriz - contribuições para a Educação Física”, publicado pela revista Conexões: Educação Física, Esporte e Saúde no volume 19 (2020). A Praxiologia Motriz - definida por Pierre Parlebas como ciência da ação motriz -, atualmente fundamenta múltiplas investigações científicas e realiza valiosas contribuições ao campo da Educação Física. Com base nesse marco teórico, há mais de uma década, diferentes produções de qualidade, vêm ampliando as colaborações e renovando o interesse dos estudiosos. Este número temático é a expressão e o reflexo de distintos olhares e enfoques dos estudos científicos da área. Depois de uma breve revisão histórica, na qual são considerados alguns fatos relevantes, se apresentam os vinte e três artigos do Dossiê, produto do trabalho de quarenta e cinco autores/coautores que representam sete países diferentes. Por razão desta apresentação, se agrupou os textos em três grandes eixos: artigos que se dedicam a analisar aspectos conceituais e sua articulação com o campo da Educação Física; outros que abordam o debate e a sistematização do trabalho pedagógico e da didática; e por último, textos que tratam do estudo da lógica interna das práticas corporais. O conjunto de artigos registrados neste dossiê representa um vivo testemunho da amplitude e da diversidade das produções científicas da Praxiologia Motriz. Este panorama permite identificar alguns dos desafios futuros para sua consolidação na região e possíveis contributos ao debate científico e ao diálogo com a Educação Física.

Pedagogical Conditions for the Formation of Moral Education of Elementary Schoolchildren by Means of Didactic Literature Works

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the pedagogical conditions for the formation of the moral education of elementary school children with psychological characteristics using didactic works. Background: Parenting and education are integral parts of the development of society. In this connection, moral education in elementary school is a prospect for the development of Kazakhstani society as a whole. Method: The main research methods were content analysis, generalisation and concretisation, theoretical analysis of scientific, pedagogical and methodical literature, pedagogical experience. Results: In the course of the study, the organisational forms of the educational process, the selection of didactic works in the discipline "Literary reading" of grade 4 were analysed and generalised. The pedagogical conditions for the formation of the moral education of elementary school students (general, private and specific), as well as the methods of moral education (verbal, practical and visual), are determined. The types of didactic works (stories, legends, poems, proverbs and instructive words) were analysed, and characters that educate morality were identified. Conclusion: It was found that the specifics of the pedagogical conditions for the formation of the moral education of elementary school students with individual mental characteristics lie in the specifics of the discipline itself, the content of didactic works, tools and the results of the teacher’s work with schoolchildren, which is reflected in the level of morality of schoolchildren, that is, on the object of formation.

The Risk and Potentiality of Engaging with Sustainability Problems in Education—A Pragmatist Teaching Approach

Abstract This article engages in the discussion about education's role in relation to sustainability problems, a debate characterised by a tension between two legitimate concerns: a concern about the instrumentalisation of education, and a concern for the urgent need of widespread engagement and mobilisation for coping with the consequences of severe socio-ecological problems. The authors argue for an approach that takes both concerns seriously. Drawing on transactional didactic theory—underpinned by a pragmatist perspective on the interplay of continuity and change through the phases of habit, crisis and creativity—they illustrate that engagement with real-world societal problems does not inevitably result in the instrumentalisation of education. It can, on the contrary, open up a space for newness, creativity, freedom and pluralism. Yet, realising this unique educative potential does not happen automatically. It requires specific didactical work, specific forms of teaching. Through a practical example, the authors illustrate how teachers can stage problematic situations and inquiries in such a way that sustainability problems are brought to the table, turned into a common matter of concern and made free by giving the students possibilities to renew the world. Thus, they turn the question whether or not to engage with real-world problems into the question how to do so.

Author’s Modality of Didactic Text and Reader’s Perception (by Example of A. G. Dymov’s “Adab”)

Aspects of the author’s modality manifestation and related features of didactic text perception are considered. The authors briefly describe the reflection of didactic discourse in the literary reception, argue the importance of identifying the author’s modality in the moralizing texts presented in the educational literature. Based on a specific material, the authors study the forms of expression of the author’s consciousness and the specifics of perception of the didactic text. The defining role of background knowledge in a situation when the reader and the author of a didactic work belong to different eras is shown. Expressions of modality in the present article are determined by the choice of genre and interaction between the author’s consciousness with the laws of the genre, points of view dominant in the text and the regularities of their interactions, the choice of character and characters, the degree of categoricity of the author’s “I.” Examples are given from the didactic works of A. G. Dymov (“Adab”), whose work has not yet been considered from the position of semantic expressiveness of the subject of the author’s plan involved in it. Despite the fact that the measure of subjectivity in a didactic text intended for educational purposes should be minimal, and their aesthetics can be unassuming, it is proved on a specific material that the recognition of forms of author’s modality allows not only to specify the author’s value attitudes, but also to judge in many ways the reasons that hold attention when reading such texts.

Estado del arte para la construcción de una Didáctica de la Historia Reciente

La presente producción intelectual constituye un recorrido por el Estado del Arte sobre tesis doctorales cuyo foco de atención ha sido la Didáctica, la Historia Reciente como disciplina historiográfica, y el análisis de las Caricaturas Políticas con fines distintos a la opinión periodística o el interés artístico. El propósito de la investigación es explorar, a modo de antecedentes, los aportes de estos trabajos para el desarrollo de una Didáctica de la Historia Reciente, como constructo dialéctico-interpretativo de las caricaturas políticas de Zapata, título bajo el cual se inscribe un trabajo doctoral de propia autoría, actualmente en desarrollo. El método utilizado corresponde a las técnicas de investigación documental. El corolario de este ensayo refleja las principales contribuciones recogidas en los documentos bajo escrutinio, en donde destacan la necesidad de incentivar la creatividad del docente y los alumnos en su labor didáctica, la importancia del currículo como base de las prácticas educativas, los problemas de aprendizaje de la Historia, el valor de la memoria en el abordaje de la Historia Reciente, y por último, el creciente interés del estudio de las caricaturas políticas con fines historiográficos.

ГІТАРНА ТВОРЧІСТЬ ШТЕПАНА РАКА: ЖАНРОВО-СТИЛЬОВИЙ ТА ОБРАЗНО-ТЕМАТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТИ

Мета статті – осмислити здобутки чеського гітариста українського походження Ш. Рака в композиторській творчості для гітари крізь призму жанрової специфіки, стилістики, образної тематики та виконавських форм; виявити фольклорні засади формування композиторської творчості митця; розглянути особливості втілення принципів академічного гітарного виконавства в сольних та ансамблевих творах Ш. Рака. Методологію дослідження складають історичний, джерелознавчий, мистецтвознавчий методи, які дали змогу провести жанрово-стильовий аналіз гітарної творчості композитора й виконавця Ш. Рака та її диференціацію, а також розглянути композиторську творчість Ш. Рака першочергово з позицій типології програмних модусів. Наукову новизну дослідження визначає введення до наукового обігу українського музикознавства загального жанрово-стильового аналізу авторських композицій Ш. Рака для соло гітари та ансамблів за участю гітари, а також класифікація програмних образно-тематичних напрямів його творчості. Висновки. З’ясовано жанрово-стильові характеристики гітарних творів композитора відповідно до основних модусів (різновидів) програмності – звуконаслідувального, фольклорного, жанрового, парафрастичного, психологічно-настроєвого, меморіального, образотворчого, літературного, релігійно-сакрального й ін. Упорядковано жанровий та образно-тематичний спектр гітарної творчості Ш. Рака, що охоплює сольні та ансамблеві композиції – п’єси й мініатюри, великі циклічні форми (концерти, сюїти, сонати, варіації), літературно-музичні композиції, твори навчально-дидактичного спрямування. Доведено, що за стилем творчість митця становить синтезування засад неофольклорного та неоромантичного спрямування.

O Imperialismo em sala de aula

Anualmente as escolas públicas brasileiras recebem obras didáticas oriundas do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático. A última avaliação realizada foi referente ao ano de 2020 que foi avaliado livros para os últimos anos do Ensino Fundamental. Uma das áreas contempladas pelo PNLD é a disciplina de História que contou ao todo com onze coleções disponibilizadas para escolha dos professores. Nesse último PNLD, as obras deveriam estar de acordo com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular proposta para cada disciplina que constitui a grade curricular dos estudantes das escolas brasileiras. Diante disso, o presente trabalho buscou analisar os capítulos que trabalharam com a temática de Imperialismo nos livros de oitavos anos do Ensino Fundamental nas coleções disponibilizadas para avaliação dos docentes, buscando entender as interpretações de seus autores sobre esse fenômeno histórico, a abordagem conceitual empregada e imagética disponibilizada ao longo dos capítulos avaliados.

O TRABALHO COM A PRODUÇÃO DE SENTIDOS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA: ESCOLHAS ENUNCIATIVAS PARA A DIDATIZAÇÃO

Neste artigo, socializamos ações de trabalho advindas de uma parceria interinstitucional (UESB-UFSJ) no LaGaTT, Laboratório de Garimpo Textual e(m) Trabalho do professor de línguas, que tem como público-alvo professores em formação inicial/licenciandos, professores em exercício e professores em formação continuada. O objetivo do presente texto é apresentar um conjunto de questões que perpassam o trabalho de didatização do professor de português de exemplares de gêneros textuais/discursivos. O que se inicia com a defesa de textos como unidade de ensino, seguida da escolha de um determinado texto/exemplar, a que chamamos garimpo textual, para didatização de objetos de ensino diversos. Assumindo que o trabalho didático do professor é sempre orientado por saberes de referência a que os sujeitos estão/são expostos na formação profissional, apresentamos algumas ações didáticas voltadas para o ensino de língua(gens) como uma forma dinâmica de compreender a didatização dos gêneros textuais/discursivos a partir do contato com a Semântica da Enunciação no Laboratório. Os resultados apontam para a importância de se compreender o plano enunciativo como um caminho produtivo de trabalho com os gêneros garimpados que circulam no LaGaTT. O que validamos como uma iniciativa significativa em proposta de didatização de aspectos, reivindicando, no trabalho que envolvem os gêneros, o olhar voltado para os enunciados, a enunciação e a produção de sentidos.

Concepto del agua y sus implicaciones en la formación ambiental

El cuidado de las fuentes hídricas en el territorio colombiano es una prioridad que se enmarca dentro de los desafíos que surgen a partir de la propuesta de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. En este contexto, es importante el papel que juega la Educación Ambiental en todos los niveles de formación y a partir de ahí se vuelve relevante revisar y aprender los conceptos científicos que se derivan del agua como sustancia pura, lo que implica un trabajo didáctico que tenga en cuenta los diferentes tipos de conceptos que forman parte de las disciplinas científicas que convergen en el lenguaje ambiental. 
 Por lo tanto, se propone una reflexión en torno a los resultados de dos investigaciones llevadas a cabo por el grupo de Investigación Planificación en Gestión Ambiental Eficiente de la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca que evidencian la necesidad de la fundamentación conceptual para trascender con argumentos, desde la valoración del agua solo como recurso hídrico hasta la valoración del compuesto como un reactivo con propiedades definitivas para la sostenibilidad del planeta y de nuestro territorio.

The functioning of the student with the autism spectrum in the integration class in terms of sensory disorders – a case study

The functioning of a student with the autism spectrum is determined not only by disorders and deficits of a social nature, but also sensory, which are not included in didactic and educational work by teachers based mainly on behavioural concepts. These concepts allow you to control your child's undesirable behaviour without referring to its aetiology. By ignoring sensory disorders, school becomes a place for students that does not create an environment for their optimal development. The cognitive goal of the article is to describe the functioning of the autism spectrum student in the integration class in terms of sensory disorders. The practical and implementation goal is to propose effective solutions that teachers could use in their didactic and educational work with an autism spectrum student in a public school, taking into account his sensory needs. The research method was a case study of a student with the autism spectrum (Asperger Syndrome), implemented using the modified Sensomotor Development Questionnaire by Zbigniew Przyrowski (2014). By face-to-face contact, it was possible to avoid over-interpreting the data received from the questionnaire and to make sure that the respondent correctly understood the questions. The case study was supplemented with techniques for observing and analysing school documents. While implementing study method in case of the boy, it was noticed that his functioning in school is strongly determined by sensory processing disorders, which are the result of dysfunction of individual sensory systems. The boy manifested disorders in both modulation and discrimination in individual sensory channels. Sensory motor disorders were also present. All these dysfunctions impaired the boy's cognitive processes, social and emotional development, which was the foundation of the occurrence of undesirable behavioural actions. In the last part of the article, didactic and educational activities are proposed taking into account the sensory processing disorder of the student with the autism spectrum, which can be successfully applied at every stage of education of a student with ASD and in any type of educational institution.

Portrety ludzi i zwierząt w powieści detektywistycznej Marty Matyszczak Tajemnicza śmierć Marianny Biel

The article points to the advantages of utilizing books chosen and read by students during lessons of Polish. As illustrative example here serves Tajemnicza śmierć Marianny Biel written by Marta Matyszczak, a contemporary detective novel, published in 2017, partially narrated from the perspective small invalid mongrel. The novel’s structure is conducive to discussion of detective stories in didactic work, showing the “Silesian” features of the novel’s characters, and analyzing their seemingly superficial characters. On the basis of the novel, the subject of animal studies may be raised: the animality of the relationship between humans and animals. The article draws attention to the importance of the animal issues in humanities, going beyond the understanding thereof as “the animality of human nature.” It emphasizes the essence of giving voice to the animals and empowering them, without trying to “humanize” them.

Job Satisfaction and Problems among Academic Staff in Higher Education

The role of a scientist in society is undoubtedly extremely important. This thesis was particularly confirmed by the global events of the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, when the spread of the COVID-19 virus revealed the helplessness of humanity in the face of a pandemic. Only intensive scientific work, having an interdisciplinary character, gives hope to stop the development of the spread of the virus. It turned out that it is scientists who are necessary to reduce mortality and morbidity, as well as the negative effects of a pandemic on the economy and public health. In this regard, it is worth discussing whether the scientific work of scientists is satisfying for them? Nowadays, the scientist is demanded for immediate effects of scientific research, implementation of inventions tailored to the emerging needs, and quick solutions to the problems of a dynamically changing society. However, along with the growing social expectations towards researchers, is their work increasingly appreciated? The aim of this article is getting to assess the level of satisfaction with scientific work among researchers and to identify the factors that influence its level. The article presents the results of research conducted on a random sample of 763 academics from Poland. The conducted scientific studies have established that: (1) The level of satisfaction of researchers concerning their own scientific work depends on employment conditions, as well as the social significance of the research carried out, (2) the level of satisfaction from work is closely correlated with the scientific opportunities of researchers (that is, the possibility of academic and didactic work, contact with students and co-workers) and negatively correlated with the necessity to carry out administrative work, and (3) the majority of Polish researchers are proud of their scientific achievements and treat their profession as a passion or vocation.

PROBE-STÜCKE By Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. The Teaching and the artistic aspects of the cycle1

The article discusses the cycle of didactic pieces by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach entitled Probe- Stücke, included in one of the most important works of that composer, i.e. Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments. The text, which was first published in 1753, to this day remains a valued source of knowledge about the period and a helpful support in the process of education. It seems that the cycle of compositions included with the essay is little known and there are very few sources where we can find information about it. In this respect, practical playing schools by Johann Sebastian Bach are much more popular and are used frequently in music education. It is hardly surprising as today the Leipzig cantor is duly regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music. However, the renaissance of the creative output of his son Carl Philipp Emanuel that we observe nowadays, seems to be the right moment to pay attention of music lovers also to the collection of didactic works of that composer. They may turn out to be the key to understand his compositions and also an important element for the field of learning to play keyboard instruments. The cycle includes a complete presentation of genres, various playing techniques, articulations, ornaments, and each part represents a diffe- rent character, a different affect. Listed elements, combined with the composer’s individual style, make the Probe-Stücke a perfect material for teaching keyboard instrument playing. In the article we will find a discussion on the works in the context of the composer’s remarks included in the theoretical part of the essay. Further on the author focuses on the analysis of the compositions in the Probe-Stücke and attempts to evaluate the usefulness of the cycle for teaching purposes as well as its artistic qualities.

ЗАМАХШАРИЙ ГЎЗАЛ НУТҚ ВА САБР ОДОБИ ҲАҚИДА

In this article, the moral views of the khorezm scholar Mahmud Zamakhshari are studied through his two didactic works, “Navobigu-l-kalim”(“Delicate Phrases”) and “Atvoqu-z-zahab”(“Golden necklaces”). In both works, Mahmud Zamakhshari elaborated his moral views on various aspects in the form of prose in the form of wise and instructive words.

Ron Resch. Patrones de doblado. El diseño topológico desde la geometría computarizada

The designed bending is inseparable of the geometry that makes it possible. To establish a clear control over the fold it is necessary to make a projective document, a plan. That is why issues related to geometry and mathematical control of bending patterns have always been fundamental in the construction of this type of design. Here we are approaching to one of the main references and pioneers on the study and development of bending patterns for volumetric purposes, Ron Resch. He is a not very well known American artist and computational scientist whose work is mentioned repeatedly when contemporary architects such as Greg Lynn are mentioned, who have also applied the use of the computer as a tool for control and geometric development. In order to situate the moment, we will look at Josef Albers’ didactic work and his way of opening the eyes through experience with the restricted manipulation of matter. Ron Resch’s work establishes a scientific way of approaching the problem and applying the incipient computational tools at that moment, such as 3d modelling or the use of CNC machines for cutting or marking. The topological systems by Resch are to a large extent the roots of what is now parametric and computer development architecture.

Current possibilities of psychological and pedagogical assistance in therapy for dyslexic students

The article shows the current possibilities of psychological and pedagogical assistance in the therapy of students with dyslexia, whose population is estimated at 10-15%. Research indicates that these children, when properly supported and motivated, are able to make progress in learning and achieve success in a variety of areas. The author describes the difficulties faced by students, taking into account specific problems in the area of reading and writing and paying attention to frequently occurring auditory processing disorders. She discusses the issue of student support in school space, also using modern technologies to improve the teaching and learning process. The author presents also the possibilities of using EEG Biofeedback neurotherapy, Neuroflow and Forbrain auditory therapy in working with children to improve their reading and writing skills, citing numerous studies showing the effectiveness of these interactions in dyslexic children. In order for the student support system to be effective, close cooperation between teachers, therapists, and parents is required; however, the analysis of the studies cited in the text indicates that teachers lack crucial knowledge about the conditions of dyslexia, they have difficulties in individualizing didactic work, interpreting the recommendations of psychological and pedagogical counselling centres and they rarely use information and communication technologies in the education process.

The de-coders: A historical perspective of the genetic counseling profession.

The genetic counseling profession is a relatively new medical specialty that has evolved over time in keeping with advanced in the medical genetics field. Genetic counselors are master's-level trained individuals who apply their skills to assist patients in understanding the genetic etiology of disease, assessing risk for genetic disease, and providing support to those who are encountering a genetic disorder in themselves or family member. Formal training of genetic counselors began nearly 50 years, and since then, the field has been expanding and advancing. Defining the tenets and practice of the genetic counseling profession has also similarly changed over time; however, the core guiding principles of the profession have remained rooted in the concept of patient autonomy and client-centered care. Competency in the field is achieved by successfully graduating from an accredited master's-level training program in which the curriculum is based on standards set forth by the Accreditation Council of Genetic Counseling. Curricula are developed so that trainees are exposed to didactic work, hands-on clinical fieldwork, and research so that at the end of one's training they have become competent in The Practice Based Competencies that have been established for the profession. Upon graduation, genetic counselors find themselves working in a number of professional settings and subspecialties in genetics. As the underlying genetic cause of disease has become clearer, the areas in which genetic counselors practice have expanded and allows for diverse clinical practice. The profession has, and will, continue to adapt along with the advances in molecular genetics.

The role of didactic works in world literature

In the 10th - 11th centuries, Persian - Tajik fiction began to develop, with some governors, especially Samanis, paying much attention to the development of Persian poetry. Literary centers were established in Bukhara, Samarkand, Marv, Balkh and Nishapur. The great speakers like Rudaki, Daqiqiy, Firdavsi, Asadi Tusi, Nosir Khisraf, Omar Khayyam, Nizami Ganjavi from the Tajik, Iranian and Azerbaijani nations were educated. Each of these writers has their own way of life and creativity, artistic style and literary services. Accordingly, these writers, who have lived and worked in such places as Bukhara, Samarkand, Termez, Merv, Khorezm, Nishapur, Balkh, Tus, Ghazna, Ganja and Shirvan, have gained popularity throughout the Middle East.