Dictionary Of Elements Research Articles

The colorful world of David Samoylov’s poetry

The article deals with the structure and semantics of color elements in the poetic texts by David Samoylov. Colorism manifests itself in three ways: as a color image recreated from the context, as substituted metonymy, and as words denoting color semantics. In this paper, using a continuous sample, the mechanism of manifestations of the basic monochromes “black – white” and the contaminated metatricolor “blue – green – red” is investigated on the basis of a complete collection of Samoylov’s poems. As a result of the article, a frequency dictionary of color elements was created, a semantic and structural analysis of five color images was carried out, and an ideological and thematic complex of the poet’s poetry was determined.

An Open-Source Processing Pipeline for Quad-Dominant Mesh Generation for Class-Compliant Ship Structural Analysis

We present an algorithm for the fully automatic generation of a class-compliant mesh for ship structural analysis. Our algorithm is implemented as an end-to-end solution. It starts from a description of a geometry and produces a class conforming surface mesh as a result. The algorithm consists of two parts, the automatic geometry refinement and the preconditioned Delaunay frontal quad dominant mesh generator. A geometry is described by a dictionary of elements and it contains points, rods, plates, and openings. A dictionary can contain modeling errors such as unintended overlaps or an unintended loss of connectivity between elements. The main contribution of the paper is the automatic geometry refinement algorithm and the virtual stiffener procedure designed to control the local mesh orientation of a marching front meshing algorithm. The geometry refinement algorithm guarantees that the output dictionary will be such that intersections of the boundary edges of plates are guaranteed to be nodes of any mesh generated by tessellating such geometry. The algorithm is implemented in Python, using the open-source Gmsh system together with the Open CASCADE kernel which is used to implement the automatic geometry refinement. We present several benchmark models from an engineering practice to illustrate our claims as well as to benchmark the efficiency of the various stages of the processing pipeline.

Historical Structures and Technical Heritage on the Elbe-Vltava Waterway

The paper describes the past development of the Elbe-Vltava waterway (EVW) and focuses on the documentation and presentation of the historical structures which were built for the rivers’ continuous navigability. Modern modifications of the waterway started at the beginning of the 19th century and focused mainly on regulatory work aimed at widening, straightening and deepening the fairway and removing the narrow fairway sections. In 1896, the Commission for Channelling the Vltava and the Elbe Rivers in Bohemia was established. The commission began implementing a plan to canalise the Elbe-Vltava waterway. On the EVW, a cascade of 34 barrages have been built, which are connected by their backwaters and ensure year-round navigability of the Vltava River from the Slapy Dam to the town of Mělník (92 km) and the Elbe River from the town of Chvaletice to the city of Ústí nad Labem (172 km). The last section of the Elbe River between Ústí nad Labem and the border with the Federal Republic of Germany (41 km) has so far been made navigable only by historical regulation works. Barrages on the EVW are typically composed of a weir structure, a navigation lock, a hydroelectric power plant producing renewable energy and a fish pass or sport whitewater canal. Most of these structures were built in the first half of the 20th century and represent a huge and unique technical heritage that still serves its purpose. The development of the EVW objects was documented in detail. The result is a software designed as a computer application with a web interface, which also serves for the presentation of technical heritage using original and modern technologies. Database operations enable the sharing of more information resources by competent organizations in the area of management, operation and maintenance of objects on the EVW. The system contains detailed descriptions of individual objects including their main technical parameters. For all the barrages were also systematically documented archival historical documents, maps, drawing documentation, photo gallery and for the most important barrages a description of the architectural design. The research also focused on mapping the development of regulatory adjustments of the Elbe River based on preserved historical documentation from the 19th and 20th centuries and the first aerial photographs since 1938. The presentation for the general public is complemented by an index of prominent personalities who contributed to the development of the EVW. There is also an explanatory dictionary of technical elements and objects on the EVW, including functional diagrams. Tourist attractions around the waterway are also included in the software.

Biosynthesis of Hyaluronic acid polymer: Dissecting the role of sub structural elements of hyaluronan synthase

Hyaluronic acid (HA) based biomaterials have several biomedical applications. HA biosynthesis is catalysed by hyaluronan synthase (HAS). The unavailability of 3-D structure of HAS and gaps in molecular understanding of HA biosynthesis process pose challenges in rational engineering of HAS to control HA molecular weight and titer. Using in-silico approaches integrated with mutation studies, we define a dictionary of sub-structural elements (SSE) of the Class I Streptococcal HAS (SeHAS) to guide rational engineering. Our study identifies 9 SSE in HAS and elucidates their role in substrate and polymer binding and polymer biosynthesis. Molecular modelling and docking assessment indicate a single binding site for two UDP-substrates implying conformationally-driven alternating substrate specificities for this class of enzymes. This is the first report hypothesizing the involvement of sites from SSE5 in polymer binding. Mutation at these sites influence HA production, indicating a tight coupling of polymer binding and synthase functions. Mutation studies show dispensable role of Lys-139 in substrate binding and a key role of Gln-248 and Thr-283 in HA biosynthesis. Based on the functional architecture in SeHAS, we propose a plausible three-step polymer extension model from its reducing end. Together, these results open new avenues for rational engineering of Class I HAS to study and regulate its functional properties and enhanced understanding of glycosyltransferases and processive enzymes.

Effective sparse representation of X-ray medical images.

Effective sparse representation of X-ray medical images within the context of data reduction is considered. The proposed framework is shown to render an enormous reduction in the cardinality of the data set required to represent this class of images at very good quality. The goal is achieved by (1) creating a dictionary of suitable elements for the image decomposition in the wavelet domain and (2) applying effective greedy strategies for selecting the particular elements, which enable the sparse decomposition of the wavelet coefficients. The particularity of the approach is that it can be implemented at very competitive processing time and low memory requirements.

Developing an Electronic Dictionary of Elements and Compounds in Chemistry to Improve the Tenth Graders‟ Pronunciation

Inaccessibility of electronic dictionaries for learning pronunciation of elementsand compounds in Chemistry was found at Semarang State Senior High School 2. Theobserved inaccessibility came from the Chemistry teacher who shared her problemsthat her students got difficulties in pronouncing elements and compounds. Then, theexisting electronic dictionaries were lack of the words they needed. Hence, this studywould like to develop an Electronic Dictionary of Elements and Compounds inChemistry (EDECC) for assisting students, notably the tenth graders of SemarangState Senior High School 2, to improve their pronunciation in learning elements andcompounds. This study employed Research and Development design to develop theEDECC. This design was adopted and modified fromBorg and Gall (2003:772). Sevenstages were employed for developing EDECC were information and research collecting,planning, developing, validating, revising, try out, and producing final EDECC.Observation, interview, validation, and pre-test also post-test were administered tocollect the data while both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used toanalyze the collected data. From the result of observations, questionnaires, validation,interviews, and pre-test and post-testwere found that applying the EDECC gainedpositive perspectives toward teaching and learning process.Moreover, the test ofeffectiveness consisting validity and reliability tests on pretest and posttest employingquasi experimental design reported that there was significant difference between theresult of pretest and posttest. It means that all the result of collected data agreed thatthe EDECC could be implemented in improving the students‟ pronunciation.Keywords : Electronic Dictionary, Teaching Pronunciation, Chemical Elements andCompounds

A Corticothalamic Circuit Model for Sound Identification in Complex Scenes

The identification of the sound sources present in the environment is essential for the survival of many animals. However, these sounds are not presented in isolation, as natural scenes consist of a superposition of sounds originating from multiple sources. The identification of a source under these circumstances is a complex computational problem that is readily solved by most animals. We present a model of the thalamocortical circuit that performs level-invariant recognition of auditory objects in complex auditory scenes. The circuit identifies the objects present from a large dictionary of possible elements and operates reliably for real sound signals with multiple concurrently active sources. The key model assumption is that the activities of some cortical neurons encode the difference between the observed signal and an internal estimate. Reanalysis of awake auditory cortex recordings revealed neurons with patterns of activity corresponding to such an error signal.

BaselMapper: an experimental tool for managing operational risk in banks

The Basel Capital Agreement (Basel II) required all banking entities actively to manage Operational Risk by means of making explicit measurements and creating specific items in their general ledgers. Currently, the most sophisticated resource for handling transactional information is the XBRL-GL Taxonomy, an electronic dictionary of business elements or digital tags based on eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), the digital mark-up language for financial contexts, which in turn has the special feature of incorporating transactional or Global Ledger (GL) information. This study proposes, in one hand, an extension of that dictionary, to incorporate Operational Risk information, and in the other hand, a simple tool to edit and visualise such reports, called BaselMapper, which is tested with a business expert. Since this experimental tool, BaselMapper, was created in 2007 and validated in 2008, till the publication date of this article, several changes have occurred in both its normative and technical foundations. Due to the financial crisis, the Bank of International Settlements has developed a new set of reforms in banking regulation, beyond the Basel II agreement described here, called Basel III. To consult the current regulatory framework, please visit: http://www.bis.org/bcbs/basel3.htm Operational Risk aspects were not modified. Additionally, a new version of the XBRLGL taxonomy is now available, called Global Ledger, at: http://www.xbrl.org/GLFiles/ that still incorporates the COR-BUS module used here. So, essentially, these changes do not modify the aim of this paper, which is to promote the use of XBRL-enabled technology for Operational Risk measurement in banking institutions at the international level. Further research will be necessary to maintain this tool properly updated, with the substantial participation of more potential users.

Understanding Hydrogen-Bond Patterns in Proteins using a Novel Statistical Model

AbstractProteins are built from basic structural elements and their systematic characterization is of interest. Searching for recurring patterns in protein contact maps, we found several network motifs, patterns that occur more frequently in experimentally determined protein contact maps than in randomized contact maps with the same properties. Some of these network motifs correspond to sub-structures of alpha helices, including topologies not previously recognized in this context. Other motifs characterize beta-sheets, again some of which appear to be novel. This topological characterization of patterns serves as a tool to characterize proteins, and to reveal a high detailed differences map for comparing protein structures solved by X-ray crystallography, NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Both NMR and MD show small but consistent differences from the crystal structures of the same proteins, possibly due to the pair-wise energy functions used. Network motifs analysis can serve as a base for many-body energy statistical energy potential, and suggests a dictionary of basic elements of which protein secondary structure is made.