Images In DICOM Format Research Articles

A cross-sectional CBCT assessment of the relative position of one-piece titanium-zirconium mini-implants placed for mandibular overdentures using non-guided surgery.

To assess the relative position of mini-implants to retain a mandibular overdenture, according to the surgical protocol, technical and anatomical factors. Mandibular cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were analyzed for 73 patients who received four one-piece titanium-zirconium mini-implants. Drilling was performed using a 1.6 mm needle drill and a 2.2 mm Pilot Drill, according to the bone density with a surgical stent. Post-insertion CBCT images in DICOM format were analyzed using the E-Vol-DX software with BAR filters. Divergence angle between implants and between implants and the overdenture path of insertion was measured using CliniView 10.2.6 software. Divergence between implants ranged from 0° to 22.3° (mean = 4.2; SD = 3.7) in the lateral and from 0° to 26.2° (mean = 5.3; SD = 4.1) in the frontal projections (p < .001). Only 1 (0.2%) and 3 (0.7%) of the measurements were higher than 20° in the lateral and frontal views, respectively. The mean angulations between the implant and the path of insertion for the overdenture were 9.3° (SD = 7.5) and 4.0° (SD = 2.9) for the lateral and frontal views, respectively (p < .001). Regression analyses showed a significant association between the divergence of implants and the frontal view projection (p < .001), greater distance between the paired implants (p = .017), the flapped surgical protocol (p = .002), higher final insertion torque (p = .011), and deeper preparation with the needle drill (p < .001). The mini-implants were placed with low divergence angles and satisfactory parallelism. Factors including shorter distances between the implants, higher density bone, and a flapless surgical approach all contributed positively to improved parallelism of the mini-implants.

Characterizing pediatric head patient size in Moroccan population: Establishing age-dependent relationships for accurate CT dose estimation

Accurate dose estimation in computed tomography (CT) scans is crucial and relies on precise normalization of output dose, typically measured by the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol). Key metrics, including effective diameter (Deff) and water-equivalent diameter (Dw), play pivotal roles in characterizing patient size. However, a notable gap exists in delineating the specific relationships between age and head patient size (Deff and Dw) for pediatric patients in Morocco. The primary objective of this study was to establish these critical associations between patient age and head patient size (Deff and Dw), providing a foundation for calculating size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in pediatric head CT examinations. A retrospective analysis of data from 134 pediatric patients, aged 0–13 yr, comprising 71 males and 63 females who underwent head CT scans, was conducted. Utilizing the Radiant DICOM Viewer, patient sizes were measured in terms of both lateral and anterior-posterior dimensions for Deff and Dw calculations based on CT images in DICOM format. Our analysis revealed robust correlations between patient size (Deff and Dw) and the patient’s age, with R2 values ranging from 0.65 to 0.86. Notably, larger Dw values were consistently observed compared to Deff. For male patients, Deff measurements ranged from 9.02 to 18.77 cm, with Dw values spanning 9.83 to 20.16 cm. Female patients exhibited Deff values ranging from 8.77 to 17.41 cm and Dw values ranging from 8.92 to 18.37 cm. These findings shed light on the crucial relationship between age and patient size, facilitating more precise dose calculations.

Deep learning muscle segmentation model for CT images in DICOM format

This work solves the problem of automatic segmentation of medical images in DICOM format using machine learning methods. A new developed tool is used in the form of a separate module for labeling medical data in the DICOM format. The trained model, proposed in the paper, can be useful in the tasks of muscle segmentation. One can apply it in different ways, but some of the most common include assessment of diseases related to muscles, and sarcopenia is one of them. The further applications of the muscle segmentation model may include examining various medical cases with patients, that tend to have muscle-related diseases. For instance, detecting cachexia may be one of the extensions of the model’s application field.

Biomechanical evaluation of different posterior fixation techniques for treating thoracolumbar burst fractures of osteoporosis old patients: a finite element analysis.

Objective: To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of different posterior fixation techniques in treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures by finite element analysis. Methods: The Dicom format images of T10-L5 segments were obtained from CT scanning of a volunteer, and transferred to the Geomagic Studio software, which was used to build digital models. L1 osteoporotic burst fracture and different posterior fixation techniques were simulated by SolidWorks software. The data of ROM, the maximum displacement of fixed segment, ROM of fractured L1 vertebrae, the stress on the screws and rods as well as on fractured L1 vertebrae under different movement conditions were collected and analysed by finite element analysis. Results: Among the four groups, the largest ROM of fixed segment, the maximum displacement of fixed segment and ROM of fractured vertebrae occurred in CBT, and the corresponding data was 1.3°, 2.57mm and 1.37°, respectively. While the smallest ROM of fixed segment, the maximum displacement of fixed segment and ROM of fractured vertebrae was found in LSPS, and the corresponding data was 0.92°, 2.46mm and 0.89°, respectively. The largest stress of screws was 390.97Mpa, appeared in CBT, and the largest stress of rods was 84.68MPa, appeared in LSPS. The stress concentrated at the junction area between the root screws and rods. The maximum stress on fractured vertebrae was 93.25MPa, appeared in CBT and the minimum stress was 56.68MPa, appeared in CAPS. And the stress of fractured vertebrae concentrated in the middle and posterior column of the fixed segment, especially in the posterior edge of the superior endplate. Conclusion: In this study, long-segment posterior fixation (LSPF) provided with the greatest stability of fixed segment after fixation, while cortical bone screw fixation (CBT) provided with the smallest stability. Cement-augmented pedicle screw-rod fixation (CAPS) and combined using cortical bone screw and pedicle screw fixation (CBT-PS) provided with the moderate stability. CBT-PS exhibited superiority in resistance of rotational torsion for using multiple connecting rods. CAPS and CBT-PS maybe biomechanically superior options for the surgical treatment of burst TL fractures in osteoporotic patients.

Indirect orthodontic bonding using an original 3D method compared with conventional technique: A narrative review

As well known success in orthodontics is related to a correct diagnosis and to a carefull treatment planning. Our study aims to provide clinician with a reproducible and precise method, for orthodontic indirect bonding, thanks to CBCT images and due to a CAD-CAM process. Methods: A case of an orthodontic treatment plan, of a female patient, 37 years old, was selected. Plaster models were digitally acquired using the Extra-Oral scanner Maestro 3D and processed within the Studio Maestro 3D software. CBCT images in DICOM format were imported into the MIMICS software, in order to perform the segmentation of the dental elements, and to obtain a three-dimensional coronal-root dental arches model. The DICOM file thus processed was exported in an STL file, reworked with Meshmixer software to improve image quality, and imported into the 3D Maestro software to be superimposed on the digital model. In this way a three-dimensional real model of the dental arches was developed. After an accurate orthodontic virtual set-up, we proceeded to brackets positioning on the 3D model of the dental arches. Subsequently, a virtual transfer template was created, in order to carry out the digital printing of a thermo-printed mask necessary to perform an indirect bonding of the orthodontic appliance. Results: The original digital workflow proposed in this study allows the development of a real and non-ideal three-dimensional coronal-root model of the dental arches; this model can be used for indirect orthodontic bonding eliminating any errors in the expression of 1st, 2nd and 3rd order information of the pre-informed orthodontic appliance. Conclusions: Technological advancements in oral scanning and 3D printing will allow the achievement of an easy and reproducible ideal positioning of the orthodontic brackets.

Segmentation of Brain Tumor using Multiple Threshold Technique

Radiology use medical imaging techniques to comprehend the structure and physiological functions of the body in bothhealthy and diseased subjects. A non-invasive method for viewing internal body structures can be performed by using magneticresonance imaging (MRI). MRI characterizes soft tissue more accurately than other imaging methods like CT. In the currentstudy, space-occupying lesions are visualized using MRI imaging. Slices of MRI data are used to analyze lesions. Single sliceanalysis is inappropriate to determine the lesion’s size and volume. Hence, the MRI sequence is used to segment the lesions.Following segmentation, we view the MRI 2D image in 3D to look for lesions, or aberrant tissue, in the brain. The lesion isthen visualized by performing clipping. This research suggests segmenting brain tumors automatically and even provides a3D visualization for a more thorough study. Here, a space-occupying lesion is segmented from a T2 weighted Flair sequenceof MR images in DICOM format, and by employing the segmented volume, 3D rendering and clipping are made possible

Alzheimer’s diseases classification using YOLOv2 object detection technique

Early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is necessary for the patient safety. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is a useful tool for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We make two contributions to the solution of this problem in this study. To begin with, we are the first to propose an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis solution based on the MATLAB that does not require any magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pre-processing. Second, we apply recent deep learning object detection architectures like YOLOv2 to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. A new reference data set containing 300 raw data points for Alzheimer's disease detection/normal control and severe stage (MCI/AD/NC) deep learning is presented. Primary screening cases for each category from the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) dataset. The T1-weighted Dicom MRI slice in the MP-Rage series in 32-bit DICOM image format and 32-bit PNG are included in this dataset. By using MATLAB’s image label tool, the test data were marked with their appropriate class label and bounding box. It was possible to achieve a detection accuracy of 0.98 for YOLOv2 in this trial without the usage of any MRI preprocessing technology.

Augmented Reality Surgical Navigation System for External Ventricular Drain

Augmented reality surgery systems are playing an increasing role in the operating room, but applying such systems to neurosurgery presents particular challenges. In addition to using augmented reality technology to display the position of the surgical target position in 3D in real time, the application must also display the scalpel entry point and scalpel orientation, with accurate superposition on the patient. To improve the intuitiveness, efficiency, and accuracy of extra-ventricular drain surgery, this paper proposes an augmented reality surgical navigation system which accurately superimposes the surgical target position, scalpel entry point, and scalpel direction on a patient’s head and displays this data on a tablet. The accuracy of the optical measurement system (NDI Polaris Vicra) was first independently tested, and then complemented by the design of functions to help the surgeon quickly identify the surgical target position and determine the preferred entry point. A tablet PC was used to display the superimposed images of the surgical target, entry point, and scalpel on top of the patient, allowing for correct scalpel orientation. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) results for the patient’s computed tomography were used to create a phantom and its associated AR model. This model was then imported into the application, which was then executed on the tablet. In the preoperative phase, the technician first spent 5–7 min to superimpose the virtual image of the head and the scalpel. The surgeon then took 2 min to identify the intended target position and entry point position on the tablet, which then dynamically displayed the superimposed image of the head, target position, entry point position, and scalpel (including the scalpel tip and scalpel orientation). Multiple experiments were successfully conducted on the phantom, along with six practical trials of clinical neurosurgical EVD. In the 2D-plane-superposition model, the optical measurement system (NDI Polaris Vicra) provided highly accurate visualization (2.01 ± 1.12 mm). In hospital-based clinical trials, the average technician preparation time was 6 min, while the surgeon required an average of 3.5 min to set the target and entry-point positions and accurately overlay the orientation with an NDI surgical stick. In the preparation phase, the average time required for the DICOM-formatted image processing and program import was 120 ± 30 min. The accuracy of the designed augmented reality optical surgical navigation system met clinical requirements, and can provide a visual and intuitive guide for neurosurgeons. The surgeon can use the tablet application to obtain real-time DICOM-formatted images of the patient, change the position of the surgical entry point, and instantly obtain an updated surgical path and surgical angle. The proposed design can be used as the basis for various augmented reality brain surgery navigation systems in the future.

FEATURES OF LOCALIZATION OF FORAMENS OF THE FACIAL REGION OF THE SKULL IN ADULT PEOPLE DEPENDING ON SEX

This study presents an up-to-date determination of the position of the openings of the facial skull of a mature human skull depending on gender. The study was performed on 52 skull bone preparations and 60 CT scans of Caucasian males and females. Conventional instruments were used to perform craniometric studies on skull bone preparations. Craniometric studies and analysis on CT images in DICOM format were performed using the DICOM Vidar Dicom Viewer 3.0 program, installed on the virtual anatomical table Anatomage table, located on the Department of Human Anatomy, KhNMU. The following were determined: minimum and maximum value; arithmetic mean ( X ), standard deviation (σ), mean error (m). It was found that the increase in the distance from the supraorbital foramen (SOF) to the midline in females: on the right is X ±σ=21.43±4.192 mm; on the left – X ±σ=21.51±3.213 mm, while in males it is on the right X ±σ=20.45±3.143 mm; left – X ±σ=21.17±2.478 mm. Defi nitely the distance from the orbit (IOF) to the midline, which is more important in males than in females and is right X ±σ=22.45±3.782 mm; left – X ±σ=23.39±2.478 mm; at the same time at females: on the right it is equal X ±σ=22,12±2,034 mm; left – X ±σ=23.17±1.890 mm. When examining the distance from the chin to the midline on both sides in both men (right: X ±σ=21.36±1.857 mm; left: X ±σ=22.99±2.423 mm) and women (right: X ±σ=20.96±1.884 mm, left: X ±σ=22.08±2.124 mm) there is also an increase in these indicators, especially in males.

Real-World Surveillance of FDA-Cleared Artificial Intelligence Models: Rationale and Logistics.

Real-World Surveillance of FDA-Cleared Artificial Intelligence Models: Rationale and Logistics.

Effect of 3D Slicer Preoperative Planning and Intraoperative Guidance with Mobile Phone Virtual Reality Technology on Brain Glioma Surgery.

Objective To explore the effect of 3D Slicer preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance with mobile phone virtual reality (VR) technology on brain glioma surgery. Methods By means of retrospective study, the data of 77 brain glioma patients treated in the neurosurgery departments at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College and Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2015 to January 2022 were analyzed, and the patients were divided into the experimental group (EG, n = 38) and the control group (CG, n = 39) according to the surgical modalities. Before surgery, all patients received positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. For patients in EG, the DICOM format images acquired from PET-CT and MRI examinations were imported with the 3D Slicer software for 3D visual fusion reconstruction, acquiring VR images, and developing detailed preoperative planning. Then, the reconstructed images were imported into the Sina software on a mobile phone, and the surgery was performed with the assistance of VR technology; for patients in CG, traditional 2D images were used for tumor contour drawing by the subjective visual method, and the craniotomy was performed under a traditional microscope. Patients' surgery indicators and Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) scores were compared between the two groups. Results The number of cases with total resection, rate of total resection, hospital stay after surgery, and surgery time were significantly better in EG than in CG (P < 0.05); after treatment, the KPS score was significantly higher in EG than in CG (75.66 ± 4.01 vs 65.36 ± 5.23, P < 0.001). Conclusion Combining 3D Slicer preoperative planning with intraoperative mobile phone VR technology can promote the accuracy of brain glioma surgery, which is conducive to effectively removing tumors while protecting patients' neural function.

Two-Bit Embedding Histogram-Prediction-Error Based Reversible Data Hiding for Medical Images with Smooth Area

During medical treatment, personal privacy is involved and must be protected. Healthcare institutions have to keep medical images or health information secret unless they have permission from the data owner to disclose them. Reversible data hiding (RDH) is a technique that embeds metadata into an image and can be recovered without any distortion after the hidden data have been extracted. This work aims to develop a fully reversible two-bit embedding RDH algorithm with a large hiding capacity for medical images. Medical images can be partitioned into regions of interest (ROI) and regions of noninterest (RONI). ROI is informative with semantic meanings essential for clinical applications and diagnosis and cannot tolerate subtle changes. Therefore, we utilize histogram shifting and prediction error to embed metadata into RONI. In addition, our embedding algorithm minimizes the side effect to ROI as much as possible. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we benchmarked three types of medical images in DICOM format, namely X-ray photography (X-ray), computer tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Experimental results show that most of the hidden data have been embedded in RONI, and the performance achieves high capacity and leaves less visible distortion to ROIs.

Improvements in planning lacrimal surgery using DICOM Horos® viewer 3D images.

The individual anatomic variation of the course of the lacrimal duct and surrounding structures requires the thorough knowledge of its three-dimensional configuration in order to perform the surgery in the safest and most efficient way. The aim of this study was to consider virtual surgical planning in order to improve dacryocystorhinostomies. Horos® was used as a viewer and manager of DICOM-format images for multiplanar, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction when planning 148 first-time lacrimal operations and 26 reoperations by laser endonasal and endocanalicular DCRs. The 3D images of the CT dacryocystography were much better identified than the 2D ones, Horos® showing a statistically significant correlation (P<.0001). Over 98.27% of the images match the programme reconstruction. Less than 1.73% of them showed some discordance due to study distortion. These cases were related to trauma. The intraopearative location of the lacrimal system was very accurate, avoiding complications. Viewing and studying 3D images, Horos® is a very useful tool for diagnosis and preoperative planning. It is very helpful in complex conditions by marking surgical references, locating the lacrimal sac and controlling the post-operative permeability of the lacrimal system. The information loss produced by the image selection is also avoided. Another great advantage is that the programme is free.

Determination of DQE as a quantitative assessment of detectors in digital mammography: Measurements and calculation in practice

Abstract Introduction: Advances in digital detector technology and methods of image presentation in digital mammography now offer the possibility of implementing mathematical assessment methods to quantitative image analysis. The aim of this work was to develop new software to simplify the application of the existing international standard for DQE in digital mammography and show in detail how it can be applied, using a Siemens Mammomat Inspiration as a model. Material and methods: Consistent with the IEC standard a 2 mm Al filter at the tube exit and images in DICOM format as raw data, without applying any additional post-processing were used. Measurements were performed for W/Rh anode/filter combination and different tube voltage values (26 ÷ 34 kV) without any anti-scatter grid. To verify new software doses ranging from 20-600 µGy were used in measurements. Exposure (air kerma) was measured using a calibrated radiation meter (Piranha Black 457, RTI Electronics AB, Sweden). MTF was determined, using an edge test device constructed specifically for this work. Results: It has been demonstrated that with the new software the DQE can be measured with the accuracy required by the international standard IEC 62220-1-2. DQE has been presented as a function of spatial frequency for W/Rh anode/filter combination and different tube voltage. Conclusions: New software was used successfully to analyze image quality parameters for the Siemens Mammomat Inspiration detector. This was done on the basis of an internationally accepted methodology. In the next step, mammographs with different detector types can be compared.

Mejora de la planificación de las cirugías lagrimales a partir de imágenes tridimensionales con el visualizador DICOM Horos®

Introduction and objectiveThe individual anatomic variation of the course of the lacrimal duct and surrounding structures requires the thorough knowledge of its three-dimensional configuration in order to perform the surgery in the safest and most efficient way. The aim of this study was to consider virtual surgical planning in order to improve dacryocystorhinostomies. MethodsHoros® was used as a viewer and manager of DICOM-format images for multiplanar, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction when planning 148 first-time lacrimal operations and 26 reoperations by laser endonasal and endocanalicular DCRs. ResultsThe 3D images of the CT dacryocystography were much better identified than the 2D ones, Horos® showing a statistically significant correlation (P<.0001). Over 98.27% of the images match the programme reconstruction. Less than 1.73% of them showed some discordance due to study distortion. These cases were related to trauma. The intraopearative location of the lacrimal system was very accurate, avoiding complications. ConclusionsViewing and studying 3D images, Horos® is a very useful tool for diagnosis and preoperative planning. It is very helpful in complex conditions by marking surgical references, locating the lacrimal sac and controlling the post-operative permeability of the lacrimal system. The information loss produced by the image selection is also avoided.Another great advantage is that the programme is free.

Reversible data hiding in encrypted medical DICOM image

This paper proposes a novel reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme in encrypted domain for medical DICOM images. Although a lot of RDH schemes for encrypted images have been presented, however, most of them are unsuitable for medical DICOM images, as they do not utilize the features of the DICOM image format, and the recovery accuracy is low because medical images have large areas with the same pixel values. To avoid these weaknesses, our scheme segments the image and only embeds data into part of the encrypted image. The redundancy of pixel cells in DICOM images is exploited so that auxiliary data can be embedded into the image. The order of data extraction and image recovery, which can be optimized by the number of recovered blocks around the unrecovered block, is calculated to improve the recovery accuracy. In addition, to ensure the integrity of the DICOM image, the hash value of the minimum bounding rectangle of ROI and the feature bit matrix of the rest are calculated. If the image is tampered, the tampered area, especially ROI, can be accurately detected and located on the receiver side. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Contribution to the Improvement of Cryptographic Protection Methods for Medical Images in DICOM Format through a Combination of Encryption Method

This paper proposes a method for storing and securing medical images in DICOM format. Other methods offered affect the quality of the image. The solution proposed here is based on the AES256 algorithm in Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) which already integrates authentication and signature processes to ensure the integrity of the images manipulated. This solution is implemented by using the Phyton programming language under the DJANGO framework, libraries such as NUMPHY, PYDICOM, MYSQLCLIENT, and PYCRYPTODOME. The results obtained after experimental tests give us a good average encryption and decryption time. The difference in the mean value of time between encryption and decryption is quite small in view of the tests carried out. We obtain saving on storage space owing to the fact that the proposed solution directly stores the encrypted image. The manipulated image is not altered.

Measures for Safe Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy: Preoperative Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography and Perioperative Ultrasonography.

Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy is one of the most difficult laparoscopic surgical techniques. In this study, we report on our efforts to safely perform this procedure, which consists of suturing a piece of mesh onto the anterior longitudinal ligament using a nonabsorbent suture during mesh fixation onto the prepromontorium layer, which can lead to massive bleeding if a mistake is made, by performing preoperative and intraoperative image evaluation. Preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography was performed. Images in DICOM format were acquired, and three-dimensional vessel reconstruction was performed. After performing a peritoneal incision in the presacral area, ultrasonography was performed using a probe inserted through a 12-mm trocar into the abdominal cavity to re-confirm the absence of vessels near the planned suturing area. After ultrasonography, an Ethibond® suture was inserted through the anterior longitudinal ligament. In our hospital, 126 patients underwent the procedure, and none had a serious hemorrhage or required blood transfusion, indicating the safety of this modified procedure without separation of a wide presacral area. We believe that these techniques can be performed safely with minimal incision. However, we did not examine the efficacy of these techniques in this paper. Further studies are needed to determine whether this approach is suitable.

Low-dose CT image and projection dataset.

To describe a large, publicly available dataset comprising computed tomography (CT) projection data from patient exams, both at routine clinical doses and simulated lower doses. The library was developed under local ethics committee approval. Projection and image data from 299 clinically performed patient CT exams were archived for three types of clinical exams: noncontrast head CT scans acquired for acute cognitive or motor deficit, low-dose noncontrast chest scans acquired to screen high-risk patients for pulmonary nodules, and contrast-enhanced CT scans of the abdomen acquired to look for metastatic liver lesions. Scans were performed on CT systems from two different CT manufacturers using routine clinical protocols. Projection data were validated by reconstructing the data using several different reconstruction algorithms and through use of the data in the 2016 Low Dose CT Grand Challenge. Reduced dose projection data were simulated for each scan using a validated noise-insertion method. Radiologists marked location and diagnosis for detected pathologies. Reference truth was obtained from the patient medical record, either from histology or subsequent imaging. Projection datasets were converted into the previously developed DICOM-CT-PD format, which is an extended DICOM format created to store CT projections and acquisition geometry in a nonproprietary format. Image data are stored in the standard DICOM image format and clinical data in a spreadsheet. Materials are provided to help investigators use the DICOM-CT-PD files, including a dictionary file, data reader, and user manual. The library is publicly available from The Cancer Imaging Archive (https://doi.org/10.7937/9npb-2637). This CT data library will facilitate the development and validation of new CT reconstruction and/or denoising algorithms, including those associated with machine learning or artificial intelligence. The provided clinical information allows evaluation of task-based diagnostic performance.

Novel Workflow for Conversion of Catheter-based Electroanatomic Mapping to DICOM Imaging for Cardiac Radiation Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia

A recent clinical trial has demonstrated that Cardiac Radiation Ablation (CRA) has the potential to reduce recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) that is refractory to drugs and standard catheter ablation. Electroanatomic Mapping (EAM) that would be useful for planning is obtained during catheter ablation, but incompatibility between EAM and DICOM formats required for radiation planning has impeded the use of existing catheter-based mapping to guide CRA and is an important hurdle for the wider adoption of CRA. It was hypothesized that catheter-based EAM could be fused with DICOM imaging for radiation planning, and a process to accomplish this was defined. The raw data export of the CARTO3 EAM system (Version 6.0.45.171, “.mesh” file) was processed with a script to generate 3D VTK files containing X, Y, and Z coordinates obtained during mapping and corresponding impedance, voltage, and other point-based information. The image could then be visualized with standard image processing software (3D Slicer), permitting visualization of the cardiac map and the outlining of a cardiac ablation target on the image surface. This structure was then in turn converted to a DICOM image format and fused with patient thoracic imaging using anatomical landmarks. This process facilitated the fusion of catheter-based EAM and DICOM imaging to inform selection of CRA targets. The workflow was found to be robust and compatible with a second MRI-based VT Ablation planning system, ADAS-VT. The conversion of catheter-based EAM to a DICOM compatible format permits the fusion of images for radiation planning, and an avenue for the wider application of VT CRA. Further improvements in the compatibility of these imaging formats would be expected to improve quality and reproducibility of image fusion.