Dickson Quality Index Research Articles

Growth analysis of schizolobium parahyba var amazonicum (huber ex ducke) barneby under different proportions of rock dust

The Cerrado is a biocore biome that occupies about 25% of the Brazilian territory, located mainly in the central region. Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby is a species of the Fabaceae family, occurring in primary and secondary terra firme forests of the Amazon region. This paper aims to evaluate the development of the species Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby under different proportions of alternative substrate. Four treatments were used, distributed as follows: T1- Prepared Substrate (SP) 100% (Black soil, cattle manure and rice straw), control, T2- 80% SP + 20% Rock Powder (PR), T3- 65% SP + 35% PR, T4-50% SP + 50% PR. The design used was randomized blocks with 5 replications and the parameters used were: height, diameter, chlorophyll content, root dry mass (MSR), shoot dry mass (MSPA), total dry mass (MST), ratio root dry mass and shoot dry mass (MSR / MSPA), and Dickson quality index. The analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability using the Sisvar program. In all variables analyzed there was no significant difference for all treatments tested. The use of rock dust as fertilizer had no significant effects on the development of the studied species.

Effect of Rhizophagus irregularis on Growth and Quality of Cannabis sativa Seedlings.

Rhizophagus irregularis is an arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus that can enhance plant nutrition and reduce transplant shock on seedlings. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of this fungus on the quality of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) seedlings. A greenhouse float system experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments. The treatments included the application of 40, 80 and 120 fungus spores per L of nutrient solution (AMF1, AMF2 and AMF3, respectively). The evaluation was performed based on the agronomic characteristics of the seedlings (root and stem length and weight, stem diameter), N and P content, survival rate, and the Dickson’s quality index (DQI). Results indicated that root length and stem dry weight were significantly increased (by 34.14% and 21.4%, respectively) in the AMF3 treatment. The biomass of the seedlings’ roots, the fresh weight and the N content were not affected by the AMF. On the contrary, survival rate, P content and DQI were significantly increased in AMF3 (by 5%, 24.3% and 12.4% respectively). Overall, our findings suggest that the application of high doses of Rhizophagus irregularis (AMF3) on float system-produced cannabis seedlings results in a considerable increment of their quality.

Salinidade da água e ácido salicílico no crescimento de plantas de tomate

The tomato is one of the most important vegetables in Brazilian market. The production of this vegetable can be limited by the excess of salts in the water used for irrigation. The use of phytohormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), is used to minimize the negative effects of excess salts on plants. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the attenuating effect of salicylic acid on tomato plants growth irrigated with saline water. The experimental design was the randomized blocks in an incomplete factorial scheme 5 (SA doses: 0.0, 0.29, 1.0, 1.71 and 2.0 mM) x 5 (electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw: 0.5, 1.3, 3.25, 5.2 and 6 dS m-1), combined according to the experimental matrix Central Compound of Box, with four replicates and two plants per experimental plot. Growth evaluations were performed 45 days after the beginning of irrigation with saline water. Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, absolute and relative growth rate for plant height, root dry mass, shoot dry mass, total dry mass, Dickson's quality index, leaf area, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight were evaluated. The tomato plants growth was reduced by the increase in ECw. Salicylic acid, applied exogenously up to 2.0 mM, did not promote attenuating effect of salinity on tomato plants.

SUBSTRATES AND LIGHT CONDITIONS IN THE GROWTH OF SEEDLINGS OF Parkia multijuga BENTH.

The forest species Parkia multijuca Benth. occurs in the Northwest Region of Mato Grosso State, Brazilian Amazon region, important for the recovery of degraded areas of permanent preservation, mainly due to its rapid growth. The aim of this study was to identify the best combinations of substrates and light conditions for the development of Parkia multijuga seedlings in nursery. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, arranged in a plot scheme subdivided 4 x 11, with four replications. The light conditions were full sun, 30%, 50% and 70% shading. The substrates were: 1 - Soil; 2 - Soil + limestone "filler"; 3 - Soil + limestone + cattle manure; 4 - Soil + limestone + simple superphosphate; 5 - Soil + limestone + simple superphosphate + catlle manure; 6 - Solo + thermophosphate and 7 - Soil + thermophosphate + bokashi. The morphological parameters used were shoot height, diameter, number of leaves, total dry mass, shoot mass, dry mass of roots, relationship between height and diameter, height and dry shoot mass, between dry shoot mass and root dry mass, and the Dickson quality index (IQD). The seedlings of Parkia multijuga can be produced in a nursery with higher quality in full sun and in substrate with 25% cattle manure. Shading should not be used in the production of Parkia multijuga seedlings.

PRIMING AND GROWTH INHIBITOR IN THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-QUALITY PEPPER SEEDLINGS

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrate salts and a growth regulator on seed conditioning. Subsequently, the responses of the influence of the leaf application of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and nitrogen on the quality of seedlings of Capsicum frutescens L. were evaluated. Two experiments were carried out. The first experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design to evaluate priming, as follows: T1 – control, T2 – control (water), T3 – 0.2% calcium nitrate, T4 – 0.2% potassium nitrate, T5 – 0.1% calcium nitrate + 0.1% potassium nitrate, T6 – PBZ, and T7 – PBZ + 0.1% calcium nitrate + 0.1% potassium nitrate. The second experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a 2×5 factorial scheme consisting of priming (absence and presence of calcium nitrate) and leaf application of growth regulator, as follows: control (water), PBZ, PBZ + 1% nitrogen (calcium nitrate), PBZ + 1% nitrogen (urea), and PBZ + nitrogen (0.5% calcium nitrate + 0.5% urea). Physiological conditioning with a solution of 0.1% calcium nitrate increased the germination and seedling emergence rate and resulted in seedlings with a higher shoot length at 33 days after sowing (DAS), but seedlings at 50 DAS showed no differences in growth with its use. Leaf application of 0.1% paclobutrazol provided pepper (C. frutescens L.) seedlings with better distribution in growth according to the Dickson quality index.

Produção de mudas de teca sob diferentes substratos orgânicos

A teca (Tectona grandis L.f.) é uma árvore de origem asiática que vem sendo extensamente implantada no Brasil, porém, seu uso é restrito devido à dificuldade na produção de mudas, sendo a utilização de compostos orgânicos uma alternativa para sua produção. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar o uso de esterco de caprino, caule decomposto de babaçu e bokashi como componentes de substratos na produção de mudas de teca. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com duração de 60 dias. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dez tratamentos, compostos por esterco caprino (EC1, EC2 e EC3), caule descomposto de babaçu (CB1, CB2 e CB3) e bokashi (BO1, BO2 e BO3), com proporções de 45, 30 e 15%, respectivamente, associados ao solo, contendo um tratamento controle com 100% solo (Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico), e quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas a altura da parte aérea, o diâmetro de colo, o número de folhas e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. Os dados foram analisados através do software InfoStat© e as médias comparadas pelo teste Duncan. O uso de bokashi e esterco de caprino como componentes de substratos na produção de mudas de teca possibilita desempenhos favoráveis. A utilização de no mínimo 15% de bokashi ou de esterco caprino permitiram a formação de mudas de melhor qualidade.

Development of Moringa OleiferaLAM. seedlings in different substrates

Moringa oleiferaLam., known as moringa, is an arboreal plant belonging to the Moringaceae family, native to India,and has a high capacity to adapt to climatic conditions and arid soils. In this study we evaluated the initial development of seedlings of M. oleiferaLam. under different substrates conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, consisting of eight treatments resulting from combinations of the base substrate (85% soil, 3% carbonized rice straw and 12% coconut fiber). At 60 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, dry mass of the aerial part and root system, total dry mass were evaluated, in addition to the Dickson quality index (IQD). The best seedling growth occurred using the combination of 20% poultry litter and 10% bovine manure. Seedlings produced with substrates formulated with 20% poultry litter and 10% bovine manure showed gains in the evaluated variables, which could be a viable alternative for the production of moringa seedlings.

Breaking dormancy, alternative substrates, and the production of <i>Samanea tubulosa</i> (Benth.) seedlings

We investigated different dormancy breaking methods and substrates for Samanea tubulosa seedlings. Four substrate formulations were tested: SCO: commercial substrate; BBA: decomposed babassu biomass + soil (1:1); BBU: buriti biomass + soil (1:1); and BCA: carnauba bagana + soil (1:1), and three dormancy breaking methods: EM: mechanical scarification; IA: immersion in water; and EQ: chemical scarification. The highest seedling emergence was in BCA substrate with chemical scarification. BCA and SCO provided the highest average seedling height, root length, root volume, root density, diameter at neck height, number of leaves, aboveground dry mass, belowground dry mass, and Dickson quality index values. Therefore, BCA can be used as a substrate for the production of S. tubulosa seedlings, and the immersion in water method is optimal when combined with a BBU substrate.

Determination of the optimum plot size for tomato seedlings

The objectives of this work were to determine the optimum plot size for tomato seedlings by Hatheway’s method, using the Mestiço and Ozone cultivars, and verify the possibility to obtain the optimum plot size only by non-destructive characteristics. Non-destructives (aerial part height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area) and destructives (aerial part dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter and Dickson quality index) characteristics were evaluated. For each characteristic evaluated, experimental plans were simulated in a randomized block design with the combination of I treatments (I = 3, 4, 5, ..., 10, 15, 20 and 25) and R repetitions (R= 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7). The optimum plot size ranged according to the characteristic evaluated. Considering the number of treatments, repetitions and the same experimental accuracy, the stem diameter showed the highest size plot. Thus, the stem diameter can be used as a basis characteristic for the non-destructives characteristics, without the need to destroy the seedling.

MUDAS DA PALMEIRA BURITI TEM BAIXA EXIGÊNCIA HÍDRICA EM VASOS COM SOLO

The swamp palm (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) is a palm tree that occurs in the Brazilian Amazon, Pantanal and Cerrado biomes and occupies wetlands such as the Cerrado swamps. Because of this association and its high size, swamp palm has been used as an indicator of preserved areas. As it is still explored extractively, little has been investigated about its propagation. Seedlings of 90 days developed from seeds in cylindrical tubes (290 cm3) with substrate (composted pine bark) were prepared. An essay was carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments, 10 repetitions and one seedling per plot (pot). The maximum water retention capacity (MWRC) of a red dystrophic oxisol, with 20% clay, was estimated in a 12-liter pot. The sifted soil was incubated with lime for 30 days with irrigation for 60% of the MWRC and fertilized with N, P, K, S and B. The treatments were flood, 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of MWRC. The pots were kept in a greenhouse with plastic cover and irrigated daily to replace the water after weighing. Biometric variables were evaluated after four months: stem diameter, shoot length, fresh and dry mass, shoot root ratio, Dickson quality index and water content. Swamp palms irrigated with 25% of MWRC presented the lowest stem diameter, fresh and dry mass, Dickson quality index and water content. The supply of water with 50% of the MWRC allowed swamp palm seedlings to grow as well as those that received more water: 75, 100% of the MWRC or flood. In conclusion, the swamp palm seedlings (M. flexuosa) developed properly with daily irrigations with 50% of MWRC in 12-liter pot with soil.

Efecto del compost de Eichhornia crassipes en la calidad de plantas en vivero de Theobroma cacao

The study consisted of determining the effect of E. crassipescompost on the quality of T. cacaonursery plants, knowing the appropriate compost percentages for its addition as sustrateand determining levels of lead (Pb), arsenic(As) and mercury (Hg) in E. crassipesplants, compost and T. cacaoplants. A completely randomized design was used, with 5 treatments, 5 repetitions with 48 plants each, in an experimentation period of 4.5 months.Compost of E. crassipeswas used in percentages of 10%, 20% and 40% mixed with soil in 90%, 80% and 60%. The treatments were identified as: T1(T10: 90), T2(T20: 80), T3(T40: 60), a relative treatment T4(TR, 100% soil and chemical fertilization) and a control treatment T5(TT, 100 % land). Theresults of the ANOVA show that there is a statistically significant difference of the treatments in the quality of T. cacaoplants for the diameter, Dickson's Quality Index (ICD) and total dry weight. The T1, T2, T3and T4were statistically superior to the control treatment T5 (TT). Plant height, slenderness index, and aerial dry weight-root dry weight ratio did not present statistically significant differences. The translocation of Pb to T. cacaoplants was non-existent. The plants of T3(T40: 60), showed chlorotic yellowing and symptoms of diseases in the 45 to 90 days of germination. It is recommended to use percentages of compost of E. crassipesnot greater than 20%, for T. cacaoplants in the nursery.

CHARACTERIZATION AND USE OF SUBSTRATES COMPOSED OF ORGANIC WASTE IN THE PRODUCTION OF Colubrina glandulosa PERKINS SEEDLINGS

Urban organic waste has been gaining prominence in the composition of substrates, as it is a source of natural nutrients and a sustainable alternative to mitigate environmental impacts caused by improper waste disposal. The aim of this study was to characterize chemically and physically substrates based on organic waste and to evaluate the development of Colubrina glandulosa seedlings using composted urban tree pruning waste. Treatments consisted of different proportions of organic compost (CP), soil from the A horizon (SAH), aged manure (BM) and vermiculite, kept in tubes (Citropote®) with volume of 1.7 L. C/N ratio, water holding capacity (10 hPa), electrical conductivity, macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity of substrates before their use were determined. Substrate fertility analyses were carried out before and after seedling production. During the development of the seedlings, height (H) and stem diameter (SD) were measured at 60, 90 and 120 days. At 90 and 120 days, the seedlings were divided into shoots and roots to determine the dry mass of each compartment, Dickson quality index (DQI) and contents of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg). After the analysis of the results, it can be observed that the treatments with high proportions of CP had better physical characteristics, but also showed chemical limitation in the development of the seedlings. Treatments based on BM, SAH and lower proportion of CP had the highest average results for H, SD, H/SD ratio and DQI.

Uso do biochar e de bioestimulante na produção e qualidade de mudas de <i>Sapindus saponaria</i> L.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do biochar adicionado ao substrato e de bioestimulante na produção e qualidade de mudas de Sapindus saponaria L. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, em Chapadão do Sul - MS, com delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x2, com cinco proporções de biochar (0%, 7,5%, 15%, 22,5% e 30%), e presença ou ausência de bioestimulante, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados a altura total da muda (HT), diâmetro do colo (DC), volume de raiz (VR), comprimento de raiz (CR), massa seca da raiz (MSR), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca total (MST), área foliar (AF), relação altura total/diâmetro do colo (RHDC), relação altura total/parte aérea (RHPA), relação parte aérea/raiz (RPAR) e índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Os valores de HT, DC, VR e CR decresceram à medida que se aumentou a proporção do biochar adicionado ao substrato, com maiores valores obtidos quando não houve a adição do composto e na ausência do bioestimulante, 19,22 cm e 4,99 mm, 6,36 mL e 14,1 cm, respectivamente. A produção de massa seca (g), na presença ou ausência de bioestimulante, tanto para parte aérea (MSPA), raiz (MSR) e total (MST), também reduziram à medida que se aumentou a proporção de biochar. Para AF, o maior valor proporcionado foi de 172,23 cm² sem biochar e sem o estimulante vegetal. A menor relação entre a altura e o diâmetro do colo (3,6) é obtida na presença do bioestimulante, na proporção de 8,3% de biochar no substrato. Para a RHPA, tanto na presença quanto na ausência do estimulante vegetal, os melhores resultados ocorrem sem uso do biochar. Na ausência do bioestimulante, o melhor resultado para MPAR foi proporcionado pela composição de 21,7% de biochar. O maior IQD (0,71) foi obtido na ausência do bioestimulante e sem adição do biochar. O uso do bioestimulante no tratamento das sementes e do biochar na composição do substrato não proporcionou incremento nas características de crescimento de Sapindus saponaria. Para o índice de qualidade RHDC, a combinação dos dois fatores manteve um equilíbrio na distribuição de biomassa nas mudas.

Quality of Coffea arabica seedlings produced in different nurseries in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Obtaining high-quality seedlings is a step of fundamental importance for the successful implementation of a coffee crop, which can be measured by evaluating seedling morphological and quality parameters. This study examines the quality of coffee seedlings produced in nurseries in the municipalities of Inconfidentes, Ouro Fino, and Jacutinga, southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in nurseries here termed 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, from 05/28/2017 to 02/28/2018. The experiment was developed in an 8 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 8 seedling nurseries and 2 cultivars (Catuaí strains IAC 62 and 144) evaluated in 3 replicates containing 8 seedlings each. The following traits were evaluated: leaf area (LA), total dry matter (TDM), shoot: root ratio (S: R), plant height: stem diameter ratio (HDR), and Dickson quality index (DQI). Data were subjected to combined analysis and, after significant differences were detected (p<0.05), the Scott-Knott test of means was applied. The management adopted in the nurseries influenced the development of the evaluated cultivars. Seedlings from nursery 5, of both evaluated cultivars; and from nursery 8, of cultivar IAC 144, exhibited a DQI above 0.2, indicating superior quality. Only nursery 5 showed seedlings of adequate quality for both cultivars. Regardless of their location, the other coffee-seedling nurseries still did not produce seedlings of satisfactory quality to be taken to the field.

Production of Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R.W. Jobson (Fabaceae) seedlings irrigated with saline water

ABSTRACT Saline irrigation water at high levels causes disturbance in the growth of more sensitive plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the initial growth of Pityrocarpa moniliformis seedlings under different electrical conductivity in irrigation water through physiological and biochemical analyses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with five water electrical conductivities (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1) and four repetitions of 20 plants each, arranged in a randomized block design. Application of the treatments with irrigation water containing NaCl began at 30 days after sowing. To determine the behaviour of the species, the following variables were analysed: stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, Dickson quality index, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass, as well as the biochemical variables, such as the concentrations of total soluble sugars, free proline and chlorophylls a and b. The increase in irrigation water salinity hampered the growth of P. moniliformis seedlings, with electrical conductivity of 0.5 dS m-1 being the limit for maximum production. The results also indicated that the deleterious effects of salt stress on P. moniliformis seedlings variables increase in concentrations of proline, total soluble sugars and betaine glycine.

Análise da emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de Handroanthus roseo-albus (Ridl.) Mattos e Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S.O.Grose sobre diferentes tipos de substratos

<p class="Normal1"><span class="fontstyle0">The formation of quality forest seedlings has a direct relationship with the substrates that will be used; the germination of seeds and the formation of the root system and the aerial part are associated with the particular characteristics of each substrate. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the influence of different substrates on the formation of ipê-branco and ipê-amarelo seedlings. The experimental design adopted was completely random, with the treatments distributed in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement (2 species and 5 substrates), with 4 replications. We used the following components to compose the substrates: carbonized rice husks (CAC), fresh rice husks (CA), autoclaved for two hours at 120 °C, commercial substrate (SC) Bioflora, washed sand (AL), and bovine manure (EB). The study was arranged in five treatments: treatment 1 - CAC, treatment 2 - CA, treatment 3 - SC, treatment 4 - AL and treatment 5 - EB. The following morphological characteristics have been evaluated: Collection diameter, height of the seedlings and the Dickson Quality Index (DQI) of the seedlings, which was obtained through the variables: weight of total dry matter (TWMW), weight of dry matter of the aerial part (TWMW), weight of dry matter of the root (RWMW), H and DC. The emergence speed and the emergence percentage index were lower for both species in the treatment containing 100% in natura rice husk. The commercial substrate Bioflora, enabled good performance in the emergence of both species, obtaining satisfactory results in terms of the percentage rate of emergence and a higher speed of emergence between treatments. The bovine manure substrate obtained superior results in the initial development for both Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S.O.Grose and Handroanthus roseo-albus (Ridl.) Mattos.</span><br /><br /></p>

NPK, calcário e gesso na produção de mudas de Ochroma pyramidale

O pau de balsa ( Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. Ex Lam.) Urb.) É uma espécie amazônica, pioneira, de rápido crescimento e com diversas potencialidades de uso. Objetivou-se avaliar mudas desta espécie submetidas a solid de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio (NPK), calcário e gesso agrícola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso com oito tratamentos, cinco repetições e quatro mudas por repetição, num total de 160 plantas, tratados testados foram: Testemunha; NPK; NPK + Calcário; NPK + Calcário + Gesso Agrícola; N; N + calcário; N + Gesso Agrícola e N + Calcário + Gesso agrícola. As mudas foram conduzidas em casa de vegetação, em sacolas plásticas com capacidade de 2,38 dm -3e, aos 70 dias após transplante avaliou-se: altura da planta (h), comprimento da raiz (CR), diâmetro do coleto (Dc), número (NF) e área de folhas (AF), Índice de Clorofila Falker (ICF) ), matéria seca da raiz (MSR), da parte aérea (MSPA) e total (MST), relação altura da planta com diâmetro do coleto (RAD), relação da matéria seca da parte aérea com matéria seca das raízes (RPAR) , relação altura e massa seca da parte aérea (H / MSPA) e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. A adubação com NPK, independente da presença do calcário e gesso agrícola, proporcionou maior crescimento vegetativo e qualidade das mudas de pau de balsa.

Comparison of the effects of LED light quality combination on growth and nutrient accumulation in green onion (Allium fistulosum L.).

The growth and development and metabolism of plants have different physiological responses to different light qualities. To study the influence of light qualities on green onions, the impacts of LED light treatment on the growth and development as well as the nutritional components and flavor substances in green onions were studied under controlled conditions. Leaf area, plant height, dry matter accumulation, Dickson's quality index (DQI), nutritional content, and volatile compounds under different light quality treatments were determined. The results indicated that the white and blue combined light (W/B: 3/1) treatment was the most beneficial to growth and nutrient accumulation and led to higher levels of sulfur compounds in the green onions than the other treatments. This shows that it is possible to control the contents of compounds that affect consumer preferences by adjusting the lighting conditions and to thereby increase the value and quality of seasoning vegetables.

Nursery growth performance of aquilaria malaccensis (agarwood) in terai zone of west bengal

Agarwood is an economically important native tree species of sub-tropical-tropical rainforests of northeast India. The species is included in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. This study was carried out in the Department of Forestry during 2015–2018. The aim of this investigation was to measure the variability of seed traits. Field survey was carried out across the population of Aquilaria malaccensis throughout Mizoram, Nagaland, Assam, West Bengal and Tripura to select well represented nineteen seed sources viz. Basistha, Ganakpokhari, Hathipara, Hmarveng, Hybergyon, Islam nagar, Kumar ghat, Lanka, Lonigodam, Nagariborline, Naharani, Namti, Nazari, Nelbagan, Newdiakkawan, Rajabhatkhawa, Sephizala, Sukhana and Thikau. Nursery and field level study was carried out each respective seed source were raised in Randomized Block Design to assess growth performance w.r.t Plant height (cm), Collar Diameter (mm), Root length (cm), Fresh weight leaf (g), Fresh Weight of shoot (g), Fresh weight of root (g), Dry weight of leaf (g), Dry weight of shoot (g), Dry weight of root (g), Sturdiness Quotient (SQ), Dickson Quality Index (DQI), Volume index (cm.mm2), Total biomass (g), were recorded range respectively 40.03–47.23 cm, 4.856.72mm, 19.57–23.91cm, 3.43–5.68g,4.05–5.81g,2.01–3.18g, 0.96–1.89g, 0.83–1.70g, 0.76–0.96g, 7.55–8.58(SQ), 1.342.2 (DQI), 972.89–2132.83 cm.mm2 2.58–4.25g, were recorded Significant variations (p < 0.05).

Water use in the growth of atlantic forest tree species seedlings under different shading levels

ABSTRACT The increase in the demand for seedlings of native tree species makes it important to determine their water and light requirements, which are important factors in their production, in terms of costs and time. Water use and productivity in the growth of seedlings of Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth., Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F. Macbr and Hymenaea courbaril L. were determined under four light levels (three shading levels and control), using a randomized block design with four replicates. Height, stem diameter, leaf area and biomass, as well as Dickson quality index (DQI) were evaluated. The seedlings were transplanted into 280-cm3 plugs, filled with substrate composed of pure biosolids, and irrigated by a drip system with automatic management. The highest total volumes applied were 3.1 L per D. nigra seedling (in 37 and 58% shading), 2.5 L per A. leiocarpa seedling (in 37% shading) and 3.8 L per H. courbaril seedling (in full sun). Growth indices, confirmed by the DQI, indicate that shading levels of 37 and 58% for D. nigra, 37% for A. leiocarpa, and full sun for H. courbaril are the most recommended. The highest volumes of irrigation promoted the greatest development of the species, in general for intermediate shading, which provided the highest values of DQI and irrigation water productivity.